Vitality

Hb/ferritin ↑

Anemia ↓ 47%

Iron usage ↓

Iodine status +

Goitre/survival impact

Vitality -5%

Mood swings, EPA/DHA +

Strength, function +

Vitamin A, anemia, memory

Maternal mortality −49%

Carotenoids, survival, pain

Fatigue/QoL ↑

Muscle/survival ↑

Energy, mood +vitality

Mood, fatigue +18

Hb/retinol ↑

Anemia ↓

Growth/fatigue ↑

Cognition/mood +

Pain/fatigue/function +

Vitality: pain/function/QoL

Vitality: antioxidants/metabolic

Vitality: sperm/vision gains

Bone/metabolic ↑

Strength/healing ↑

Vitality +20.9

Fatigue ↓

LVEF/DBP improved

Liver enzymes/fatty liver -42%

B6/PLP, performance/weight

Brain/mood + memory

+0.5 ES

Physical function + strength

Fatigue/endurance ↑

+26% endurance

Exercise lactate/NH3 ↓

Metabolic health: −1.43% HbA1c

Weight/lipid gains: −41 mg/dL TC

Immune/growth: +9 pp walking

BCAAs, growth

BCAAs, survival

Fatigue, +responder

Recovery, +3-4 days

Fatigue/attention ↑

+VO2max, recovery

Glucose/appetite↓

Infections/survival↑

Sexual function + testosterone

PSA/liver enzymes slightly up

Energy use/fat burn +3%

Vitality/health improved

Cardiovascular recovery +87.5%

Lipids/claudication better

Ammonia/HE ↓

Performance/rehydration ↑

Homocysteine/SAM balance

Liver outcomes & survival

Kidney protection, fewer infections

Fat loss, muscle gain

ED, satisfaction ↑

Fatigue/stress ↓

Antioxidants/mitochondria ↑

Alanine ↓/↑ energy

Performance/fatigue +20%

Fatigue/QoL +38.7%

Fitness/vitality boost

Fatigue/immune +

Fitness +4.1

Antioxidant + fertility

+pregnancy, -ROS

Exercise performance + metabolism

Heart function +20%

TB recovery +weight gain

Women lean mass +1.7kg

Heart function +9 mmHg

Vascular function +20%

Lean mass +0.5 kg

Exercise +38.9s

Symptoms/QoL improved

Workload up, AEs↓

Testosterone/strength +20–48%

Sexual function +73–122%

Body fat↓, cholesterol↓

Post-meal glucose↓

Urine metabolites shift

Endurance +VO2max, +5–10%

Strength/biomarkers +12%; CRP down

Pump function +LVEF

Fatigue/lipids/BP ↓

Energy/mood + alertness

Frontal oxygenation / fatigue

Cognition + sustained

Respiration +6.27%p

Heart function +7-8%

Inflammation/blood counts improved

Higher Se, gene shifts

Less vitamins, fatter carcasses

HbA1c −1%; insulin/IR

Energy intake/QoL improved

Strength recovery faster

+testosterone, sperm quality

+energy, sleep, GI regularity

Antioxidants +18%

Inflammation markers down

Endurance +23%; +8%

Vascular +1.1%

Mobility +12.3%

Recurrent MI ↓

15-year mortality ↓14%

Pain +1.1; function +3.1

VAS improved; 82% vs 62%

Fatigue recovery, -PCOOH

LDL antioxidant resistance

+ADFI, +G:F

↓E. coli

Vitality/health +

EF/BNP/bioenergetics +

Heart filling/QoL +50

Skin barrier/aging

NAD+/glucose +10-28%

Memory +0.055

BP -7 mmHg

Pain/function ↑; QoL ↑

Week 4–8

Sleep quality, latency

6-SMT up

Weight/BMI ↓6.2

Glucose/lipids ↓

Desire,satisfaction ↑

Total function no change

Muscle size/quality ↑

HbA1c ↓

Mood ↓, BDNF ↑

Inflammation ↓, serotonin ↑

Erection, wellbeing +1.6

Psychological/physical/social +9,+7

Properdin +21%

Vitality scores improved

Fatigue ↓

Sleep/mood ↑

B-vitamins up; appetite +weight

Convalescent strength +appetite

Epigenetic age ↓3.14y

Methyl-adaptogens ↑; MF +8.1

Weight gain +2.8 kg

Lymphocytes up; no culture change

GSH restored, oxidative stress↓

Mitochondria improved

Motor benefit; +50%

Longer ON; +70 min