Vitamin B6
17 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
25,111 products in our catalogue print how much Vitamin B6 a serving holds.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 32% of 25,111 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 500 mcg or less | 1,123 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 2,100 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 7,975 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 4,223 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 3,628 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2,993 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 1,866 |
| over 50 mg | 1,203 |
Dose per serving from research
255 study groups in 204 studies say how much Vitamin B6 participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 38% of 255 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 1 mg or less | 12 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 12 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 25 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 20 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 36 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 96 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 30 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 14 |
| over 250 mg | 10 |
Commonly used together
189 of 257 study groups took Vitamin B6 with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 21.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Vitamin B12 | 151 |
| Folic Acid | 135 |
| Riboflavin | 22 |
| Thiamine | 22 |
| Vitamin C | 13 |
| Vitamin D | 13 |
| Vitamin E | 13 |
| Zinc | 12 |
| Calcium | 10 |
| Vitamin B9 | 10 |
Benefit Evidence
B-vitamin status ↑
Homocysteine ↓ / ω-3 ↑
Hemoglobin & cognition ↑
Less waking, better sleep
PSQI −44%, better sleep
Improved sleep with lithium
Research sources
Metabolism (61)
- Homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic acid plus vitamin B6 lowers urinary albumin excretion but not plasma markers of endothelial function or C-reactive protein: further analysis of secondary end-points of a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 12641538
High-dose B6 in combination with folate produced large homocysteine lowering (~50%) and improved urinary albumin marker—supports metabolic effects (multivitamin context).
- Effects of B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases: a randomised placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21115589
Large trial showed consistent, sizable tHcy lowering with B‑vitamin supplementation—strong evidence of metabolic effect.
- Lowering plasma homocysteine concentrations of older men and women with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 does not affect the proportion of (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phosphatidylcholine
PubMed ID: 18287365
Folate+B12+B6 supplementation in older adults produced a clear 4.4 μmol/L reduction in total homocysteine — direct metabolic effect.
- Lowering homocysteine with B vitamins has no effect on biomarkers of bone turnover in older persons: a 2-y randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17284744
Two‑year supplementation (including 50 mg B6) lowered homocysteine by ~5.2 µmol/L in older adults—biochemical efficacy.
- Effects of Souvenaid on plasma micronutrient levels and fatty acid profiles in mild and mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
PubMed ID: 26213579
Fortasyn (contains B6) reliably raised plasma B6 and lowered homocysteine in AD trials—consistent metabolic effect on methylation pathways.
- One year B-vitamins increases serum and whole blood folate forms and lowers plasma homocysteine in older Germans
PubMed ID: 25283139
Randomized B‑vitamin supplementation (including 50 mg B6) produced large increases in folate measures and substantial homocysteine lowering—strong evidence that B‑vitamin regimens (including B6) improve one‑carbon metabolism.
- Three-month B vitamin supplementation in pre-school children affects folate status and homocysteine, but not cognitive performance
PubMed ID: 24481688
B-vitamin supplementation (including B6) raised folate and lowered homocysteine in children — direct biochemical evidence of one‑carbon metabolism improvement.
- Hyperhomocysteinaemia therapy in haemodialysis patients: folinic versus folic acid in combination with vitamin B6 and B12
PubMed ID: 11981075
Hemodialysis patients given folinate/folic acid with high-dose B6 and B12 had large homocysteine reductions (~42–46%); B6 was part of the effective regimens (not isolated).
- PROVIT: Supplementary Probiotic Treatment and Vitamin B7 in Depression-A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 33171595
Probiotic changed predicted microbial B6 metabolism pathways—mechanistic evidence of altered B6 metabolic capacity in gut.
- Effects of Multivitamin, Multimineral and Phytonutrient Supplementation on Nutrient Status and Biomarkers of Heart Health Risk in a Russian Population: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 29370120
Multivitamin including 3 mg B6 significantly lowered homocysteine over 8 weeks (RCT), demonstrating improved one‑carbon metabolism.
- Complex multivitamin supplementation improves homocysteine and resistance to LDL-C oxidation
PubMed ID: 14559932
Multivitamin increased plasma PLP and lowered homocysteine and improved LDL oxidation—supports improved one‑carbon metabolism and oxidative status (B6 part of intervention).
- Effect of multivitamin supplementation on the homocysteine and methylmalonic acid blood concentrations in women over the age of 60 years
PubMed ID: 15309436
Multivitamin containing B6 improved B6 status and lowered homocysteine/MMA in older women — evidence of improved B‑vitamin–dependent metabolism (multinutrient intervention).
- Lack of association between indices of vitamin B1, B2, and B6 status and exercise-induced blood lactate in young adults
PubMed ID: 8508194
B‑complex supplementation improved biochemical activation coefficients (including AST AC) indicating better B‑vitamin status and metabolic cofactor availability.
- No effect of B vitamins on ADMA levels in patients at increased cardiovascular risk
PubMed ID: 16649966
B‑vitamin therapy markedly lowered homocysteine in high‑risk patients—clear effect on homocysteine metabolism.
- Twelve-Week Daily Consumption of ad hoc Fortified Milk with ω-3, D, and Group B Vitamins Has a Positive Impact on Inflammaging Parameters: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial
PubMed ID: 33266447
Fortified milk increased circulating B6 and lowered homocysteine—multiple metabolic markers improved with co‑supplementation.
- Effect of arabinogalactan on the gut microbiome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy adults
PubMed ID: 34004416
Prebiotic increased predicted microbial vitamin B6 biosynthesis—directly relevant to B6 availability and nutrient metabolism.
- Traditional Korean diet high in one-carbon nutrients increases global DNA methylation: implication for epigenetic diet
PubMed ID: 38867083
Crossover diet higher in one‑carbon nutrients (including more dietary B6) raised 5‑MTHF, lowered homocysteine and increased global DNA methylation — indicates improved one‑carbon/1C metabolism where B6 is a cofactor.
- One-carbon metabolites and telomere length in a prospective and randomized study of B- and/or D-vitamin supplementation
PubMed ID: 27379829
Small RCT linked one‑carbon metabolites and telomere length with changes upon B‑vitamin supplementation—mechanistic support for effects on cellular methylation/metabolism.
- Betaine as a determinant of postmethionine load total plasma homocysteine before and after B-vitamin supplementation
PubMed ID: 14699020
Study showed plasma betaine strongly affects post‑methionine homocysteine response and that B‑vitamin supplementation alters those relations—supports B‑vitamin role in one‑carbon metabolism (B6 indirect within multi‑B interventions).
- A Randomized Pilot Trial to Evaluate the Bioavailability of Natural versus Synthetic Vitamin B Complexes in Healthy Humans and Their Effects on Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Levels
PubMed ID: 31915511
Natural B-complex raised B6 and reduced homocysteine with improved antioxidant capacity in a pilot RCT—evidence of improved nutrient/metabolic status.
- Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20838622
High‑dose B‑vitamin therapy lowered homocysteine and slowed brain atrophy in MCI—metabolic change linked to structural brain benefit.
- B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20688574
Very large post‑TIA/stroke trial produced reliable homocysteine lowering—direct effect on one‑carbon metabolism.
- B vitamins and the risk of total mortality and cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease: results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20231532
Frequent B‑vitamin dosing in dialysis patients lowered homocysteine markedly—consistent metabolic effect.
- Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on arterial elasticity and metabolic parameters in metformin-treated diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 18206891
B‑vitamin therapy lowered homocysteine and improved small‑artery elasticity in metformin‑treated diabetics.
- A single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled study to evaluate the relative efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B-complex administration in reducing total serum homocysteine levels
PubMed ID: 17109579
B‑complex tablets (incl. B6) lowered homocysteine in older adults over 6 weeks — supports B6 contribution to metabolic pathways.
- Homocysteine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in relation to inflammation and B-vitamin treatment
PubMed ID: 14626626
B-vitamin combination (including B6) lowered homocysteine over 12 months in RA patients—supports metabolic effects though multi‑vitamin.
- Plasma vitamin B6 vitamers before and after oral vitamin B6 treatment: a randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 12507972
Direct, placebo-controlled study showing rapid and large increases in active B6 vitamers (PLP, 4-PA, PL) after supplementation—strong evidence for B6 bioavailability and metabolic potential.
- Tryptophan catabolites as metabolic markers of vitamin B-6 status evaluated in cohorts of healthy adults and cardiovascular patients
PubMed ID: 31557280
Large cohort biochemical analyses established kynurenine metabolite ratios as sensitive markers of functional B6 (PLP) status—strong mechanistic evidence.
- Vitamin Profile of the Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Novel Total Parenteral Nutrition Formula: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial
PubMed ID: 40906605
TPN with higher B‑vitamin content increased plasma B6 rapidly — direct evidence that altering intake changes B6 status and thus nutrient metabolic capacity.
- Paraoxonase 1, B Vitamins Supplementation, and Mild Cognitive Impairment
PubMed ID: 33935094
B‑vitamin regimen (including B6) lowered homocysteine and altered one‑carbon metabolism—supports efficient nutrient/methylation pathways.
- [Bioavailability of natural versus synthetic B vitamins and their effects on metabolic processes]
PubMed ID: 32189314
B‑complex supplementation doubled plasma PLP and reduced homocysteine—clear biochemical evidence B6 improves metabolic markers.
- Effect of Combined Treatment With Folic Acid, Vitamin B(6), and Vitamin B(12) on Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Women
PubMed ID: 29776960
Long-term folate+B6+B12 produced sustained homocysteine reductions in a large RCT—clear effect on nutrient/metabolic markers.
- Folic acid causes higher prevalence of detectable unmetabolized folic acid in serum than B-complex: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 25943647
Adding B12 and B6 to folic acid changed folate metabolism and reduced unmetabolized folic acid and tHcy versus folic acid alone—direct evidence B6 contributes to folate/homocysteine handling.
- Neuroprotective impact of a vitamin trace element composition - a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial with healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 25789594
Multivitamin/trace element supplement raised pyridoxin and lowered homocysteine and oxidative markers over months—supports metabolic effects of supplementation including B6.
- Effect of folic acid supplementation on levels of circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and the presence of intravascular ultrasound derived virtual histology thin-cap fibroatheromas in patients with stable angina pectoris
PubMed ID: 23936148
Long-term B-vitamin treatment markedly lowered homocysteine, reflecting improved one-carbon metabolism (B6 part of regimen in factorial arms).
- Effect of homocysteine-lowering B vitamin treatment on angiographic progression of coronary artery disease: a Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial (WENBIT) substudy
PubMed ID: 20494665
Post‑PCI B‑vitamin therapy produced ~22% tHcy reduction—clear metabolic action despite no angiographic benefit.
- Concentrations of unmetabolized folic acid and primary folate forms in plasma after folic acid treatment in older adults
PubMed ID: 20727555
High‑dose folic acid with B6/B12 produced large rises in folate species and a large homocysteine reduction—strong biochemical evidence for one‑carbon metabolism effects.
- Plasma Abeta, homocysteine, and cognition: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial
PubMed ID: 19153374
Vitamins lowered tHcy in stroke patients (direct metabolic homocysteine effect), though no cognitive benefit was observed.
- Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal transplant recipients with B vitamins in the Chinese population
PubMed ID: 18206175
B‑vitamin supplementation markedly lowered homocysteine in transplant recipients (metabolic improvement).
- Homocysteine-lowering therapy and risk for venous thromboembolism: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 17470822
B‑vitamin therapy lowered homocysteine modestly in a large trial—consistent metabolic effect though clinical benefit absent for VTE.
- Effect of homocysteine lowering on mortality and vascular disease in advanced chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17848650
High‑dose folate/B6/B12 regimen produced substantial homocysteine reductions in advanced CKD—consistent metabolic effect.
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and homocysteine-lowering effect of vitamin therapy in Singaporean stroke patients
PubMed ID: 16397167
Large randomized trial showed a robust reduction in total homocysteine with folic acid/B12/B6—strong biochemical evidence for improved one‑carbon metabolism.
- Effect of fortified spread on homocysteine concentration in apparently healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 17151589
Fortified spread raised B6 and lowered homocysteine dose‑dependently in healthy volunteers — nutritional improvement of metabolism.
- Efficacy of B vitamins in lowering homocysteine in older men: maximal effects for those with B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia
PubMed ID: 16373648
Daily folate+B6+B12 lowered homocysteine in older men — clear biochemical effect on one‑carbon/methionine metabolism (B6 part of regimen).
- Comparative study of response to treatment with supraphysiologic doses of B-vitamins in hyperhomocysteinemic hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 15115259
High-dose B-vitamin regimens including B6 markedly lowered very high homocysteine in hemodialysis patients—strong metabolic impact in that population.
- Changes in basal and postmethionine load concentrations of total homocysteine and cystathionine after B vitamin intervention
PubMed ID: 15321804
Randomized trial: B6 alone strongly lowered cystathionine (a B6‑dependent marker) showing a clear, specific biochemical effect on amino‑acid metabolism.
- Breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 increases vitamin concentrations and reduces homocysteine concentrations: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 15113718
Fortified cereal containing B6 increased B-vitamin status and lowered homocysteine in older adults—evidence for improved nutrient metabolism.
- Effects of vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin B6 supplements in elderly people with normal serum vitamin concentrations
PubMed ID: 7603218
Combined vitamin injections (B12/folate/B6) rapidly normalized multiple B‑vitamin–sensitive metabolites (homocysteine, MMA etc.), demonstrating correction of metabolic disturbances.
- Variability in absorption lag time of pyridoxal phosphate under fasting and pre- and post-meal conditions
PubMed ID: 7993988
Pharmacokinetic study documented large formulation/meal-related variability in PLP absorption—important for dosing and metabolic availability of B6.
- Effects of multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement on cognition in younger adults and the contribution of B group vitamins
PubMed ID: 24424708
Multivitamin increased B6 and reduced homocysteine (notably in men), indicating improved one‑carbon metabolism.
- The effects of multivitamin supplementation on diurnal cortisol secretion and perceived stress
PubMed ID: 24284609
High-dose multivitamin substantially raised serum B6 and lowered homocysteine — strong biochemical evidence for improved nutrient metabolism.
- Impact of magnesium supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, on stress and magnesium status: secondary data from a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33210604
Mg+B6 markedly increased serum PLP; demonstrates B6 pharmacodynamic effect relevant to metabolic efficiency.
- Improved blood biomarkers but no cognitive effects from 16 weeks of multivitamin supplementation in healthy older adults
PubMed ID: 25996285
16‑week multivitamin (includes B6) markedly increased plasma B6 and improved homocysteine/CRP, indicating stronger nutrient/metabolic status.
- Impact of Glutathione and Vitamin B-6 in Cirrhosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Follow-Up Study
PubMed ID: 32635181
50 mg/day B6 raised plasma PLP substantially in cirrhosis patients though without downstream antioxidant changes—clear biochemical effect.
- B-group vitamin supplementation mitigates oxidative damage after acute ischaemic stroke
PubMed ID: 15279619
B‑group vitamin supplementation after stroke increased plasma PLP (active B6) and altered oxidative markers — supports improved B6‑related metabolic status.
- Riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and biochemical response to riboflavin supplementation in free-living elderly people
PubMed ID: 9701198
Riboflavin supplementation raised plasma PLP in subjects low at baseline — demonstrates biochemical interdependence affecting B6 status and metabolism.
- Effect of Methylfolate, Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate, and Methylcobalamin (Soloways(TM)) Supplementation on Homocysteine and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase, Methionine Synthase, and Methionine Synthase Reductase Polymorphisms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38892484
Active B‑vitamin supplementation (including P5P) markedly lowered homocysteine, demonstrating improved one‑carbon metabolism efficiency.
- MTHFR 677C → T genotype modulates the effect of a 5-year supplementation with B-vitamins on homocysteine concentration: The SU.FOL.OM3 randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29813097
Five-year B-vitamin supplementation (including B6) markedly lowered homocysteine across genotypes (large long-term trial), strong evidence for metabolic efficiency improvement.
- B-vitamins reduce plasma levels of beta amyloid
PubMed ID: 17113685
Study reported homocysteine lowering and slowed increase of an amyloid biomarker—supports B‑vitamin effects on one‑carbon metabolism.
- Preoperative oral B vitamins prevent nitrous oxide-induced postoperative plasma homocysteine increases
PubMed ID: 11726432
One-week oral B vitamins (including B6) prevented nitrous oxide–induced postoperative homocysteine rise — supports B6 role in homocysteine/amino-acid metabolism.
- The influence of protein intake on vitamin B-6 metabolism differs in young and elderly humans
PubMed ID: 8064370
Higher-protein diet increased plasma PLP in elderly (diet influences B6 status and metabolic availability).
Heart health (35)
- Effect of B-group vitamins and antioxidant vitamins on hyperhomocysteinemia: a double-blind, randomized, factorial-design, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 9583842
B‑group vitamin supplementation including pyridoxine substantially lowered homocysteine (a cardiovascular risk marker); evidence pertains to combined B‑vitamin therapy.
- Serum Vitamin A Is Associated with Variations in the Relationship between Plasma B6 Vitamers and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
PubMed ID: 41176280
Large observational study: higher PLP and lower B6 catabolism associated with lower future AMI risk — supportive but observational (not causal).
- Pyridoxamine reduces methylglyoxal and markers of glycation and endothelial dysfunction, but does not improve insulin sensitivity or vascular function in abdominally obese individuals: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36655410
Pyridoxamine decreased methylglyoxal, AGEs and endothelial adhesion markers (sVCAM‑1, sICAM‑1) — plausible vascular/heart benefit.
- Effect of Methylfolate, Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate, and Methylcobalamin (Soloways(TM)) Supplementation on Homocysteine and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase, Methionine Synthase, and Methionine Synthase Reductase Polymorphisms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38892484
Trial of active B‑vitamins including P5P markedly lowered homocysteine and modestly reduced LDL — direct cardiometabolic risk factor improvements.
- Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on arterial elasticity and metabolic parameters in metformin-treated diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 18206891
Diabetics on metformin: B‑vitamin therapy lowered homocysteine and improved small‑artery elasticity (vascular function benefit).
- [Bioavailability of natural versus synthetic B vitamins and their effects on metabolic processes]
PubMed ID: 32189314
B‑complex supplementation doubled PLP and reduced homocysteine, a recognized cardiovascular risk marker—plausible heart benefit via homocysteine lowering.
- Low-dose B vitamins supplementation ameliorates cardiovascular risk: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in healthy Chinese elderly
PubMed ID: 24916013
Low-dose B-vitamin supplementation (including B6) modestly reduced Framingham risk score and raised HDL in elderly — meaningful heart-health benefit.
- Homocysteine-lowering therapy and stroke risk, severity, and disability: additional findings from the HOPE 2 trial
PubMed ID: 19228852
Large randomized trial: folate+B6+B12 reduced stroke incidence by ~25% (strong cardiovascular event effect, though combination therapy).
- Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal transplant recipients with B vitamins in the Chinese population
PubMed ID: 18206175
Small RCT in kidney transplant recipients: B‑vitamin supplementation (incl. B6) markedly lowered homocysteine and improved endothelium‑dependent vasodilatation.
- Effect of a treatment strategy consisting of pravastatin, vitamin E, and homocysteine lowering on carotid intima-media thickness, endothelial function, and renal function in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease: results from the Anti-Oxidant Therapy in Chronic Renal Insufficiency (ATIC) Study
PubMed ID: 17592099
An oxidative‑stress reduction strategy that included homocysteine‑lowering vitamins improved carotid IMT and endothelial function (multimodal effect).
- Folate and vitamin B6 rapidly normalize endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 16818571
High‑dose B6 (100 mg/day) rapidly and durably improved flow‑mediated dilation in children with type‑1 diabetes — strong, direct endothelial (heart‑relevant) effect of B6.
- Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease
PubMed ID: 16531613
Large trial: folate+B6+B12 modestly lowered homocysteine and showed fewer strokes (secondary) — moderate evidence for vascular benefit of B‑vitamin regimens including B6.
- Decrease of carotid intima-media thickness in patients at risk to cerebral ischemia after supplementation with folic acid, Vitamins B6 and B12
PubMed ID: 15939064
One‑year B‑vitamin therapy (incl. B6) lowered homocysteine and modestly reduced carotid IMT — direct vascular structural/biochemical benefit (combination therapy).
- [Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal-transplant recipients with vitamin B]
PubMed ID: 16083628
Folate+B6+B12 lowered homocysteine and improved endothelial function in kidney‑transplant patients — clear vascular functional benefit with B6‑containing regimen.
- Efficacy of B vitamins in lowering homocysteine in older men: maximal effects for those with B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia
PubMed ID: 16373648
Daily B‑vitamin tablet (folate, B6, B12) lowered homocysteine in older men — biochemical change linked to vascular risk reduction (moderate support).
- Plasma homocysteine and markers for oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease--a prospective randomized study of vitamin supplementation
PubMed ID: 16006259
Short‑term vitamin therapy including B6 produced a large (~47%) homocysteine reduction in CAD patients — biochemical support for vascular risk reduction (although clinical outcomes not shown).
- The effect of homocysteine reduction by B-vitamin supplementation on markers of endothelial dysfunction
PubMed ID: 15543337
Combined B‑vitamin supplementation (including B6) reduced homocysteine by ~31% — relevant to heart-health risk markers (though endothelial markers unchanged).
- Vitamin supplementation reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients
PubMed ID: 12792513
In renal-transplant patients a vitamin regimen including B6 dramatically lowered homocysteine and produced large regression in carotid IMT—supports cardiovascular benefit in that setting (multivitamin intervention).
- Pyridoxine improves endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients
PubMed ID: 11557191
Small RCT: pyridoxine (100 mg/day) improved brachial artery endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients — direct B6 effect on a cardiovascular surrogate.
- Long-term homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic acid plus pyridoxine is associated with decreased blood pressure but not with improved brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation or carotid artery stiffness: a 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 11742887
Two-year folic acid plus high-dose B6 modestly reduced systolic/diastolic blood pressure—clinically relevant vascular effect.
- Homocyst(e)ine metabolism in hemodialysis patients treated with vitamins B6, B12 and folate
PubMed ID: 11426667
IV folate, B12 and pyridoxal phosphate markedly lowered very high homocysteine in HD patients—strong biomarker effect (combined therapy).
- Decreased rate of coronary restenosis after lowering of plasma homocysteine levels
PubMed ID: 11757505
Randomized trial post-angioplasty: folate+B12+B6 lowered homocysteine and substantially reduced restenosis and revascularization—strong clinical vascular benefit.
- Effect of homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic acid plus vitamin B6 on progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 10683000
Folic acid + high‑dose B6 produced large homocysteine reductions and fewer abnormal exercise ECGs → strongest clinical link to cardiovascular outcomes among listed trials (B6 was a treatment component).
- Multivitamin/mineral supplementation improves plasma B-vitamin status and homocysteine concentration in healthy older adults consuming a folate-fortified diet
PubMed ID: 11110875
Multivitamin raised PLP and reduced homocysteine (~9.6%) in randomized trial—direct biomarker improvement linked to cardiovascular risk.
- Hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients: effects of 12-month supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins
PubMed ID: 10916110
Hydrosoluble vitamin supplementation including B6 produced ~30–35% tHcy reductions in HD patients—relevant to vascular risk.
- Vitamin supplementation reduces blood homocysteine levels: a controlled trial in patients with venous thrombosis and healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 9514403
High‑dose multivitamin including pyridoxine normalized homocysteine in many subjects — indirect cardiovascular benefit via homocysteine lowering.
- Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia
PubMed ID: 8416664
Supplementation including pyridoxal normalized elevated homocysteine within 6 weeks — strong biochemical support for cardiovascular risk reduction pathway.
- Effects of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (MC-1) in patients undergoing high-risk coronary artery bypass surgery: results of the MEND-CABG randomized study
PubMed ID: 17532963
Perioperative active B6 (pyridoxal‑5'‑phosphate) reduced rates of larger perioperative MI thresholds in CABG patients (secondary endpoints positive).
- Reduction of myocardial ischemic injury following coronary intervention (the MC-1 to Eliminate Necrosis and Damage trial)
PubMed ID: 12972102
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (a B6 metabolite) reduced CK-MB release after PCI, suggesting a cardioprotective effect in a small randomized pilot.
- B-vitamin Treatment Modifies the Mortality Risk Associated with Calcium Channel Blockers in Patients with Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris: A Prospective Cohort Study
PubMed ID: 37121550
Large cohort: B‑vitamin treatment attenuated CCB‑associated long‑term mortality risk, consistent with cardiovascular benefit of B‑vitamins including B6.
- Additive effect of homocysteine- and cholesterol-lowering therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cardiovascular disease
PubMed ID: 21884007
Short randomized trial: B‑group vitamins (including B6) improved endothelial function (FMD) in high‑risk patients—direct vascular benefit.
- Effects of low-dose B vitamins plus betaine supplementation on lowering homocysteine concentrations among Chinese adults with hyperhomocysteinemia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled preliminary clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36717385
Low‑dose folic acid/B6/B12 + betaine reduced homocysteine in hyperhomocysteinemic adults — homocysteine is a cardiovascular risk marker.
- Effect of multivitamin supplementation on the homocysteine and methylmalonic acid blood concentrations in women over the age of 60 years
PubMed ID: 15309436
Six months of a multivitamin containing B6 improved B6 status and lowered homocysteine and MMA in older women — supportive biochemical effects for vascular health (multinutrient).
- Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis
PubMed ID: 23453866
Multi-nutrient supplement containing B6 reduced coronary artery calcium progression and lowered homocysteine — strong cardiovascular signal (but multinutrient).
- Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide following supplementation with vitamin D or D plus B vitamins
PubMed ID: 27569255
Adding B‑vitamins (including B6) to vitamin D reduced plasma TMAO and homocysteine more than vitamin D alone—biomarkers linked to CVD risk improved.
Pregnancy support (26)
- Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17621727
Randomized trial showed pyridoxine (vitamin B6) significantly reduced nausea/vomiting scores in early pregnancy (although ginger was slightly superior).
- A randomized comparison of ginger and vitamin B6 in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
PubMed ID: 14649969
Randomized double-blind trial: pyridoxine 30 mg/day significantly reduced nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy versus baseline and was similar to ginger—strong evidence.
- Antenatal supplementation with micronutrients and biochemical indicators of status and subclinical infection in rural Nepal
PubMed ID: 16600929
Large antenatal RCT: daily multiple‑micronutrient supplements reduced biochemical deficiencies including vitamin B6—direct relevance to pregnancy nutritional status.
- Fortified mineral water improves folate status and decreases plasma homocysteine concentration in pregnant women
PubMed ID: 17302515
Fortified mineral water in pregnant women (B6 included) increased folate stores and modestly reduced homocysteine (beneficial pregnancy biomarkers).
- Maternal B-vitamin and vitamin D status before, during, and after pregnancy and the influence of supplementation preconception and during pregnancy: Prespecified secondary analysis of the NiPPeR double-blind randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38051700
Large RCT starting preconception: supplementation containing extra B6 markedly increased maternal PLP and reduced B6 insufficiency markers during pregnancy — direct pregnancy B6 evidence.
- Acupuncture and Doxylamine-Pyridoxine for Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy : A Randomized, Controlled, 2 × 2 Factorial Trial
PubMed ID: 37335994
Randomized trial: doxylamine–pyridoxine reduced nausea/vomiting (PUQE score) vs placebo — direct evidence for pyridoxine‑containing antiemetic in pregnancy.
- Doxylamine-pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy randomized placebo controlled trial: Prespecified analyses and reanalysis
PubMed ID: 29342163
Reanalysis of doxylamine+pyridoxine showed a very small benefit for nausea/vomiting (PUQE), sensitive to missing-data handling—B6 component effect uncertain but plausible for some benefit.
- Demonstration of early efficacy results of the delayed-release combination of doxylamine-pyridoxine for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
PubMed ID: 27881103
Large RCT of doxylamine–pyridoxine combination reduced NVP vs placebo; effect cannot be attributed to pyridoxine alone but supports role of pyridoxine in combination.
- Vitamin supplementation of HIV-infected women improves postnatal child growth
PubMed ID: 15817867
Maternal multivitamin (including B6) improved child growth at 24 months—meaningful indicator of pregnancy/early‑life wellness (not B6‑specific).
- Multivitamin supplementation of HIV-positive women during pregnancy reduces hypertension
PubMed ID: 15987864
Large randomized trial: daily multivitamins including B6 reduced pregnancy hypertension in HIV‑positive women (~38% lower risk) — robust pregnancy outcome (multinutrient context).
- Effects of a combined micronutrient supplementation on maternal biological status and newborn anthropometrics measurements: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in apparently healthy pregnant women
PubMed ID: 14679367
Multinutrient supplementation in pregnancy (including B6) increased maternal vitamin levels and was associated with ~10% higher newborn weight—supports pregnancy wellness.
- Maternal safety of the delayed-release doxylamine and pyridoxine combination for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a randomized placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25884778
Randomized safety data for doxylamine–pyridoxine support the maternal safety profile of a pyridoxine‑containing licensed therapy for nausea/vomiting in pregnancy, relevant to pregnancy wellness.
- Ondansetron compared with doxylamine and pyridoxine for treatment of nausea in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25198265
Randomized trial of pyridoxine+doxylamine produced modest decreases in nausea/vomiting over 5 days vs baseline — direct clinical evidence for reducing morning sickness.
- Studying the antiemetic effect of vitamin B6 for morning sickness: pyridoxine and pyridoxal are prodrugs
PubMed ID: 25052410
Substudy showed PLP (active B6 metabolite) levels correlated with improvements in PUQE morning-sickness scores, supporting a mechanistic/clinical link.
- Vitamin B₆ supplementation in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting
PubMed ID: 22189065
Randomized comparison: 10 mg pyridoxine raised blood B6 and produced a statistically greater (though modest) reduction in PUQE nausea scores over 2 weeks—direct support.
- Effectiveness of delayed-release doxylamine and pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20843504
Randomized placebo‑controlled trial: doxylamine–pyridoxine significantly reduced nausea/vomiting severity in pregnancy (direct clinical evidence).
- Vitamin B6 points PC6 injection during acupuncture can relieve nausea and vomiting in patients with ovarian cancer
PubMed ID: 19509551
Randomized study in chemo‑induced emesis: acupuncture plus vitamin B6 PC6 injections reduced vomiting and increased emesis‑free days versus either alone — supports B6's antiemetic potential (applicable to morning sickness conceptually).
- Prophylactic Diclectin reduces the incidence of postoperative vomiting
PubMed ID: 15625257
Randomized double‑blind perioperative doxylamine+pyridoxine reduced vomiting after tubal ligation — strong clinical evidence for antiemetic efficacy of the doxylamine+pyridoxine combo (B6 component relevant to nausea relief).
- Comparison of three outpatient regimens in the management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
PubMed ID: 14566347
Trial showed pyridoxine (B6) plus metoclopramide reduced pregnancy nausea/vomiting more than comparators — strong clinical evidence for reducing morning sickness when used (here as part of combination therapy).
- Pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 7573262
Large randomized double-blind trial: pyridoxine 30 mg/day significantly reduced nausea severity in early pregnancy (strong, direct evidence for reducing morning sickness).
- Vitamin B6 is effective therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 2047064
Randomized double‑blind placebo‑controlled trial: pyridoxine significantly reduced severe nausea and halved proportion vomiting at 72 h — strong direct evidence.
- A longitudinal study of pyridoxine and zinc supplementation of lactating women
PubMed ID: 2360541
Direct supplementation (4 mg vs 0.5 mg) raised maternal plasma PLP and milk B6 — clear biomarker support for maternal/infant B6 status.
- Macro- and Micronutrients in Milk from Healthy Cambodian Mothers: Status and Interrelations
PubMed ID: 32211800
Survey of Cambodian mothers showed low milk B6 levels often failing to meet infant AI, indicating maternal B6 adequacy is important for infant wellbeing.
- A comparison between the effects of ginger, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and placebo for the treatment of the first trimester nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP)
PubMed ID: 28629250
Triple‑blind RCT showed vitamin B6 reduced first‑trimester nausea/vomiting scores versus placebo — strong direct evidence for pyridoxine in mild–moderate NVP.
- Comparing ginger and vitamin B6 for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 18272271
Randomized comparison: B6 (40 mg/day) reduced vomiting and was effective for nausea though ginger gave greater nausea reduction.
- A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
PubMed ID: 15051552
Large randomized trial: pyridoxine (75 mg/day) was effective and roughly equivalent to ginger for pregnancy nausea and vomiting—robust clinical support.
Nerve health (19)
- Evaluation of the efficacy of thiamine and pyridoxine in the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy
PubMed ID: 9557427
High‑dose thiamine+pyridoxine produced very large symptomatic and sign improvements in diabetic neuropathy — robust clinical evidence though combined treatment.
- Benfotiamine in treatment of alcoholic polyneuropathy: an 8-week randomized controlled study (BAP I Study)
PubMed ID: 9872352
Randomized trial: benfotiamine and combination with B6/B12 improved sensory/motor measures and neuropathy symptoms — strong clinical signal for neuropathy improvement (B6 included in combos).
- Treatment of alcoholic polyneuropathy with vitamin B complex: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16926172
Randomized double‑blind RCT of a B‑vitamin complex improved sensory symptoms of alcoholic polyneuropathy—strong clinical nerve benefit (multivitamin formulation).
- Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamins B12, B1, B6, E, Mg, Zn and Nicotinamide for 6 Months in People with Diabetic Neuropathy
PubMed ID: 39339645
6‑month randomized trial of PEA + B‑vitamins (including B6) produced marked analgesic effects and modest nerve function improvements in diabetic neuropathy.
- [Medicamentous therapy of alcoholic polyneuropathy. Randomized double-blind study comparing 2 vitamin B preparations and a nucleotide preparation]
PubMed ID: 9064269
Large randomized trial in alcoholic polyneuropathy found oral regimens that included pyridoxine improved neuropathic symptoms and function (clinical nerve benefit, multi‑component regimens).
- Metanx in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 23218892
Combination pill with active B6 reduced neuropathy symptoms (NTSS‑6) and lowered homocysteine over 24 weeks—clinically relevant symptomatic nerve benefit though multi‑vitamin product complicates attribution to B6 alone.
- Changes in basal and postmethionine load concentrations of total homocysteine and cystathionine after B vitamin intervention
PubMed ID: 15321804
B6 produced large biochemical effects on B6‑dependent pathways; mechanistically relevant to neurotransmitter and nerve function though clinical neural outcomes were not tested.
- Motor development related to duration of exclusive breastfeeding, B vitamin status and B12 supplementation in infants with a birth weight between 2000-3000 g, results from a randomized intervention trial
PubMed ID: 26678525
Infant data show higher PLP (B6) associated with better motor development in formula-fed infants — suggests B6 relevance to neurodevelopment/motor function (observational).
- Prognostic Impact of Serum Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy on Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke and Its Influence on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and China Stroke Scale Scores
PubMed ID: 37793337
In hemorrhagic stroke with hyperhomocysteinemia, higher‑dose homocysteine‑lowering therapy including B6 improved neurological scores — suggests potential neurologic benefit in vascular injury contexts, though multi‑nutrient therapy confounds attribution.
- Plasma vitamin B6 vitamers before and after oral vitamin B6 treatment: a randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 12507972
PK study shows marked increases in PLP (active B6) that are required for neurotransmitter synthesis and peripheral nerve function—mechanistic support.
- B-group vitamin supplementation mitigates oxidative damage after acute ischaemic stroke
PubMed ID: 15279619
B‑group vitamin supplementation after acute ischemic stroke increased PLP and reduced oxidative and inflammatory markers — improved B6 status relevant to neural health.
- Vitamin B(6) status is related to disease severity and modulated by endurance exercise in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40252731
In MS patients, lower PLP associated with worse disability and endurance exercise raised PLP — strong, directly relevant link between B6 status and neurologic function.
- Diclofenac plus B vitamins versus diclofenac monotherapy in lumbago: the DOLOR study
PubMed ID: 19731994
Randomized trial: adding B1/B6/B12 to diclofenac produced faster and greater pain relief in acute low back pain — clinically meaningful nerve/pain benefit associated with B‑vitamins.
- Hexamethylmelamine and low or moderate dose cisplatin with or without pyridoxine for treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
PubMed ID: 1735009
Pyridoxine significantly reduced chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity in a sizeable trial (direct clinical effect on nerve toxicity), though with adverse tumor-response tradeoff noted.
- Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection
PubMed ID: 8101302
Isoniazid trials routinely co-administered B6 to prevent neuropathy; B6's protective role against INH neuropathy is established though B6 was not the primary intervention in this trial.
- Randomized, controlled trial of high-dose intravenous pyridoxine in the treatment of recurrent seizures in children
PubMed ID: 9308977
Adjunct high‑dose IV pyridoxine significantly increased seizure response and shortened time to stop seizures in children — strong, direct neurological benefit of pyridoxine.
- Vitamin B6 versus mianserin and placebo in acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study
PubMed ID: 16614537
High‑dose B6 substantially reduced drug‑induced restlessness/akathisia (neuropsychiatric symptom) — supports neurological symptom benefit.
- Vitamin B6 treatment for tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
PubMed ID: 18052557
High‑dose pyridoxine produced marked reductions in tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism ratings (strong neurologic effect).
- A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid on cognitive function and quality of life in post-menopausal women
PubMed ID: 40299018
Pyridoxine improved cognition in MCI — supports central nervous system benefits tied to B6 provision.
Mood balance (13)
- B vitamins to enhance treatment response to antidepressants in middle-aged and older adults: results from the B-VITAGE randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25257064
Adjunctive B6/B12/folate to antidepressant therapy produced sustained improvement and reduced relapse over 1 year — strong evidence for mood support (combination therapy).
- High-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression
PubMed ID: 35851507
Large RCT: high‑dose B6 reduced anxiety scores robustly—strong evidence for mood modulation.
- Effect of Tryptophan, Vitamin B(6), and Nicotinamide-Containing Supplement Loading between Meals on Mood and Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Young Adults with Subclinical Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 31902864
Seven-day tryptophan+B6+nicotinamide improved mood scores in young adults with severe subclinical depression (randomized, small N).
- B-vitamins reduce the long-term risk of depression after stroke: The VITATOPS-DEP trial
PubMed ID: 20976769
Long‑term folic acid/B6/B12 post‑stroke markedly lowered hazard of major depression—strong mood benefit in that population.
- Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33864354
Randomized Mg±B6 trial reduced anxiety/depression substantially; addition of B6 provided modest extra benefit on some QoL domains.
- Efficacy of vitamins B1 and B6 as an adjunctive therapy to lithium in bipolar-I disorder: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37866735
Randomized trial: 40 mg B6 adjunct to lithium substantially improved mania scores — strong direct mood effect in bipolar I inpatients.
- Vitamin B6 versus mianserin and placebo in acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study
PubMed ID: 16614537
High‑dose B6 (1,200 mg/day) produced marked improvement in drug‑induced akathisia and subjective distress — strong evidence of mood/behavioral symptom benefit in this setting.
- Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) is associated with improved nutrient intake and decreased depression
PubMed ID: 18296026
Nutrition/lifestyle RCT increased dietary pyridoxine and was associated with significant decreases in depressive symptoms (BDI).
- Higher vitamin B(6) intake is associated with lower depression and anxiety risk in women but not in men: A large cross-sectional study
PubMed ID: 31188081
Large cross‑sectional study: higher dietary B6 associated with lower odds of depression and anxiety (strongest in women).
- A Pilot Randomized Treatment-Controlled Trial Comparing Vitamin B6 with Broad-Spectrum Micronutrients for Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed ID: 31928364
Vitamin B6 (80 mg/day) reduced PMS symptom severity including mood symptoms versus baseline and vs comparator.
- Amelioration of Levetiracetam-Induced Behavioral Side Effects by Pyridoxine. A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 33823377
Pyridoxine reduced levetiracetam‑associated behavioral problems in children—supports B6 effect on mood/behavior.
- Pyridoxine supplementation for levetiracetam-related neuropsychiatric adverse events in pediatric and adolescent epilepsy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40913882
Double‑blind RCT in children/adolescents: pyridoxine produced modest but significant improvement in levetiracetam‑related neuropsychiatric/behavioral symptoms — directly supports mood/behavior benefit.
- Clinical trial: B vitamins improve health in patients with coeliac disease living on a gluten-free diet
PubMed ID: 19154566
B‑vitamin supplementation (incl. B6) in coeliac patients produced significant improvements in general psychological well‑being and mood domains.
Mental clarity (16)
- Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20838622
High‑dose B‑vitamin treatment (including B6) slowed brain atrophy in MCI and linked to cognitive benefit.
- Vitamin B-6 supplementation in elderly men: effects on mood, memory, performance and mental effort
PubMed ID: 1365868
Modest improvement in long-term memory in healthy older men after B6 supplementation — supports mental clarity.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of extended-release metadoxine in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
PubMed ID: 23290324
Metadoxine ER (a pyridoxine‑derived drug) improved ADHD symptom scores and attention vs placebo, supporting improved cognitive clarity/clinical attention (drug is B6‑derived, not plain B6).
- Effects of a food supplement containing phosphatidylserine on cognitive function in Chinese older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39317299
12-month PS/ALA trial (contains small B6) improved short‑term memory and cognitive tests — plausible contribution to mental clarity.
- A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid on cognitive function and quality of life in post-menopausal women
PubMed ID: 40299018
Randomized pyridoxine (25 mg) in MCI improved MoCA cognitive scores — direct, high‑relevance evidence for improved mental clarity.
- The Effect of a High-Dose Vitamin B Multivitamin Supplement on the Relationship between Brain Metabolism and Blood Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: A Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 30513795
Higher plasma B6 correlated with increased brain NAA (neural marker) after 6 months, suggesting improved neural metabolic status relevant to clarity.
- Trial using multiple micronutrient food supplement and its effect on cognition
PubMed ID: 18716734
Schoolchildren receiving multi‑vitamin fortification including B6 showed improved memory and attention vs control.
- Brain atrophy in cognitively impaired elderly: the importance of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids and B vitamin status in a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25877495
High-dose B-vitamins (including B6) slowed brain atrophy in a subgroup, plausibly supporting cognitive/clarity benefits.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acid Status Enhances the Prevention of Cognitive Decline by B Vitamins in Mild Cognitive Impairment
PubMed ID: 26757190
Large B‑vitamin RCT in MCI showed slowed cognitive decline (episodic memory/global cognition), plausible B6 contribution within B‑vitamin mix.
- Short-term folate, vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 supplementation slightly affects memory performance but not mood in women of various ages
PubMed ID: 12042457
Randomized supplementation including B6 produced small improvements on some memory tests in women, supporting modest cognitive/clarity benefits (B6 not isolated).
- Homocysteine-reducing strategies improve symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia
PubMed ID: 16412989
Multivitamin therapy (including B6) lowered homocysteine and was associated with improved symptoms and cognition in hyperhomocysteinemic schizophrenia.
- B-vitamins reduce plasma levels of beta amyloid
PubMed ID: 17113685
B‑vitamin regimen attenuated rise in a plasma Aβ40 marker linked to cognitive decline—biomarker evidence for possible cognitive benefit.
- Clinical trial: B vitamins improve health in patients with coeliac disease living on a gluten-free diet
PubMed ID: 19154566
Randomized B‑vitamin supplement (incl. B6) in coeliac patients improved general psychological well‑being (anxiety/depressed mood).
- Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21780182
B‑vitamin regimen including 20 mg B6 lowered homocysteine and slowed cognitive decline in MCI subgroup—supports cognitive/clarity benefit.
- Genotypes of the MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G genes act independently to reduce migraine disability in response to vitamin supplementation
PubMed ID: 22926161
Multivitamin B therapy (B6/B9/B12) reduced migraine severity/disability in women (genotype‑dependent), which can indirectly improve mental clarity by reducing migraine burden.
- Paraoxonase 1, B Vitamins Supplementation, and Mild Cognitive Impairment
PubMed ID: 33935094
Large RCT of B‑vitamins (incl. B6) in MCI lowered homocysteine and preserved cognition—directly supports cognitive clarity.
Vitality (9)
- Postoperative Vitamin Profile after Receiving a Novel Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition Solution: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial
PubMed ID: 35439754
PPN with multivitamins (incl. B6) preserved postoperative vitamin status—relevant to overall clinical vitality/nutritional repletion.
- Fortification of maize meal improved the nutritional status of 1-3-year-old African children
PubMed ID: 16153327
Maize fortified with multiple vitamins including B6 produced substantially greater weight gain in children—a clinically relevant vitality marker (multinutrient intervention).
- Vitamin B6 status improves in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet rich in breakfast cereals, and may help in maintaining fat-free mass
PubMed ID: 18679411
Fortified cereal raised plasma PLP and higher PLP correlated with better preservation of fat‑free mass during caloric restriction (supports vitality).
- Plasma vitamin B6 vitamers before and after oral vitamin B6 treatment: a randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 12507972
Clear dose-dependent increases in circulating B6 vitamers after supplementation, supporting biological capacity for vitality-related functions.
- Study of the effect of a liquid nutrition supplement on the nutritional status of psycho-geriatric nursing home patients
PubMed ID: 11960300
Multi-nutrient drink (including B6) increased weight and improved vitamin status in frail nursing-home patients, consistent with improved vitality (effect not B6-specific).
- A functional evaluation of anti-fatigue and exercise performance improvement following vitamin B complex supplementation in healthy humans, a randomized double-blind trial
PubMed ID: 37786445
B‑complex product (50 mg B6) improved exercise endurance and reduced fatigue metabolites — supports overall vitality.
- Impact of a multiple-micronutrient food supplement on the nutritional status of schoolchildren
PubMed ID: 17542110
School food‑based micronutrient supplement increased hemoglobin and vitamin biomarkers—biochemical support for improved vitality in children.
- RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
PubMed ID: 38691102
IV vitamin B6 in sepsis reduced inflammation/oxidative stress and shortened ICU/hospital stay — supports restoration of physiologic resilience and vitality in acute illness.
- Metadoxine accelerates fatty liver recovery in alcoholic patients: results of a randomized double-blind, placebo-control trial. Spanish Group for the Study of Alcoholic Fatty Liver
PubMed ID: 9537864
Metadoxine (pyridoxol derivative) improved liver function and steatosis → plausible improvement in overall vitality; derivative not pure B6 so moderate match.
Eye health (4)
- The Association of Dietary Lutein plus Zeaxanthin and B Vitamins with Cataracts in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 37
PubMed ID: 25972257
AREDS cohort analyses associated higher dietary B6 with lower odds of certain cataract types—observational evidence linking B6 intake to eye health.
- Prospective study of plasma homocysteine, its dietary determinants, and risk of age-related macular degeneration in men
PubMed ID: 29035128
Prospective nested study found higher dietary vitamin B6 intake strongly associated with markedly lower risk of clinically significant AMD in men.
- Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2
PubMed ID: 32858063
AREDS/AREDS2 cohort analyses showed higher dietary B‑vitamin intake (including B6) associated with lower progression to late AMD (observational association).
- Folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin combination treatment and age-related macular degeneration in women: the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study
PubMed ID: 19237716
Large randomized trial: folate+B6+B12 reduced incidence of age‑related macular degeneration (~34% relative reduction); strong RCT evidence though combination therapy.
Nutrition source (7)
- Impact of a multiple-micronutrient food supplement on the nutritional status of schoolchildren
PubMed ID: 17542110
Large school‑based trial showed a clear hemoglobin increase with a micronutrient supplement that included B6—direct evidence for improved hematologic status.
- Effect of a fortified maize-meal porridge on anemia, micronutrient status, and motor development of infants
PubMed ID: 16280435
Fortified porridge (including B6) substantially reduced infant anemia and increased ferritin — improved blood indices though multiple nutrients contributed.
- Twelve-Week Daily Consumption of ad hoc Fortified Milk with ω-3, D, and Group B Vitamins Has a Positive Impact on Inflammaging Parameters: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial
PubMed ID: 33266447
Fortified milk raised circulating B6 and significantly lowered homocysteine; improved biomarkers relevant to erythropoiesis/vascular health.
- [Bioavailability of natural versus synthetic B vitamins and their effects on metabolic processes]
PubMed ID: 32189314
B‑complex doubled plasma PLP and reduced homocysteine—B6 is a cofactor in heme synthesis and homocysteine metabolism, supporting blood health.
- Effects of vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin B6 supplements in elderly people with normal serum vitamin concentrations
PubMed ID: 7603218
Injections of B12/folate/B6 normalized metabolites associated with B‑vitamin deficiency (homocysteine, MMA etc.), relevant to hematologic function though effect combined.
- Trial using multiple micronutrient food supplement and its effect on cognition
PubMed ID: 18716734
Fortified food including multiple vitamins (incl. B6) improved hemoglobin, hematocrit and red cell count in children in an RCT (strong hematologic signal).
- Multiple micronutrient fortification of salt and its effect on cognition in Chennai school children
PubMed ID: 17704033
Salt fortification including B6 increased hemoglobin and RBC indices in schoolchildren (clinically relevant hematologic improvement).
Stress resilience (6)
- High-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression
PubMed ID: 35851507
High‑dose B6 reduced anxiety on validated scales—supports stress/anxiety resilience mechanistically (GABAergic marker change).
- Superiority of magnesium and vitamin B6 over magnesium alone on severe stress in healthy adults with low magnesemia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30562392
In stressed adults, magnesium+B6 produced greater stress reduction than magnesium alone in severe/extremely severe subgroup (RCT), indicating B6 can augment stress resilience in high-stress individuals.
- Effect of a Combination of Magnesium, B Vitamins, Rhodiola, and Green Tea (L-Theanine) on Chronically Stressed Healthy Individuals-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 35565828
Randomized trial of a multinutrient product (includes B6) reduced self‑reported stress and cold pain sensitivity—supports stress resilience.
- RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
PubMed ID: 38691102
IV B6 in sepsis reduced inflammatory and oxidative markers and improved clinical recovery — evidence of enhanced physiological resilience to severe stress.
- Clinical trial: B vitamins improve health in patients with coeliac disease living on a gluten-free diet
PubMed ID: 19154566
Supplementation normalized homocysteine and improved psychological well‑being (including anxiety), indicating improved resilience to psychological stress.
- Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33864354
Randomized Mg±B6 trial in stressed adults showed meaningful reductions in anxiety/depression and QoL improvements; B6 added modest benefit on some domains.
Focus & concentration (6)
- Trial using multiple micronutrient food supplement and its effect on cognition
PubMed ID: 18716734
Supplemented children showed significant improvements in multiple memory tests and attention (letter cancellation).
- Homocysteine-reducing strategies improve symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia
PubMed ID: 16412989
Cognitive and neuropsychological test improvements reported with B‑vitamin therapy in hyperhomocysteinemic schizophrenia—supports attention/processing gains.
- The Vitamins in Psychosis Study: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Effects of Vitamins B(12), B(6), and Folic Acid on Symptoms and Neurocognition in First-Episode Psychosis
PubMed ID: 30771856
Adjunctive B12/B6/folic acid preserved attention/vigilance in first-episode psychosis vs decline on placebo (RCT finding).
- Paraoxonase 1, B Vitamins Supplementation, and Mild Cognitive Impairment
PubMed ID: 33935094
B‑vitamin treatment (includes B6) in MCI preserved cognitive function—supports improvements in attention/decline prevention relevant to focus.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of extended-release metadoxine in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
PubMed ID: 23290324
Metadoxine ER (pyridoxine‑derived) produced significant improvements in ADHD attention measures (TOVA) and symptom scores vs placebo—direct evidence for improved focus (drug is B6‑derived).
- A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid on cognitive function and quality of life in post-menopausal women
PubMed ID: 40299018
Pyridoxine improved MoCA in MCI — supports sharper cognitive performance and attention.
Blood sugar (6)
- Assessing pyridoxine adjuvant therapy effects on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38313181
Open‑label trial reported major short‑term reductions in fasting glucose and HbA1c when high‑dose B6 was added to metformin; large effect though study limitations reduce confidence.
- Vitamin B complex supplementation as a homocysteine-lowering therapy for early stage diabetic nephropathy in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30704890
Twelve-week B-complex (B1/B6/B12) in adolescents with T1DM improved HbA1c and renal/glycemic markers—strong RCT evidence for glycemic benefit.
- [Assessment of efficiency of dietotherapy with addition of a vitamin-mineral complex in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]
PubMed ID: 25300112
Adding a vitamin-mineral complex (including high-dose B6) to a low-calorie diet produced a greater fall in blood glucose vs diet alone.
- The Effects of the AGE Inhibitor Pyridoxamine on Bone in Older Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39376018
One‑year RCT of pyridoxamine in older women with T2D produced a statistically significant HbA1c reduction — direct evidence for improved glycemic control.
- Evaluation of the efficacy of an antioxidant combination for the modulation of metabolic, endocrine, and clinical parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 37356455
Antioxidant combo including B6 improved HOMA‑IR in PCOS when OCPs not used; B6 was one component of an insulin‑resistance benefit.
- Plasma AGE-peptides and C-peptide in early-stage diabetic nephropathy patients on thiamine and pyridoxine therapy
PubMed ID: 23392542
Pyridoxine (alone or with thiamine) stabilized AGE‑peptides, increased C‑peptide and produced HbA1c improvement over 5 months in type 2 diabetics—direct metabolic evidence for glycemic benefit.
Immune support (5)
- Vitamin B6 supplementation increases immune responses in critically ill patients
PubMed ID: 16670691
Daily B6 injections in ICU patients increased plasma PLP and T‑lymphocyte/T‑helper counts over 14 days — strong direct immunological effect of B6 supplementation.
- Effects of nutritional supplementation on fatigue, and autonomic and immune dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
PubMed ID: 25746727
In hemodialysis patients a multi‑nutrient drink including B6 reduced HHV7 reactivation versus placebo—direct signal of reduced viral reactivation (immune‑related) though not attributable to B6 alone.
- RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
PubMed ID: 38691102
Randomized trial: IV vitamin B6 in sepsis lowered IL‑6, IL‑8, TNF‑α and oxidative stress markers and improved renal function and LOS — direct evidence of immunomodulatory benefit in severe infection.
- The influence of pyridoxin in the treatment of tetanus neonatorum
PubMed ID: 1896198
Adjunctive pyridoxine in neonatal tetanus linked to lower mortality (clinically important effect), suggesting benefit in severe infectious contexts.
- Clinical Efficacy of Sodium Cantharidate Vitamin B6 Combined with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in the Treatment of Local Advanced Cervical Cancer and its Influence on Tumor Markers
PubMed ID: 38466067
Adding cantharidate + vitamin B6 to chemoradiotherapy raised CD3+/CD4+ and CD4/CD8 ratio and reduced some AEs — immune marker improvements reported.
Skin health (3)
- Randomized trial of two different doses of pyridoxine in the prevention of capecitabine-associated palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia
PubMed ID: 20887495
Higher‑dose pyridoxine (400 mg/day) reduced capecitabine‑associated hand‑foot syndrome incidence/delayed onset in a small trial.
- A pilot randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of the topical application of pyridoxine on palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) induced by capecitabine or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)
PubMed ID: 33227569
Topical pyridoxine did not change PPE grade but improved patient‑reported QoL and pain for chemotherapy‑related palmar‑plantar symptoms—skin symptom benefit reported.
- Pyridoxine Is Effective for Preventing Hand-Foot Syndrome Induced by Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for Multiple Myeloma: The Results of a Randomized Study
PubMed ID: 36510385
Oral pyridoxine substantially reduced incidence and delayed onset of chemotherapy‑related hand‑foot skin syndrome—direct skin benefit.
Sleep quality (3)
- Efficacy of vitamins B1 and B6 as an adjunctive therapy to lithium in bipolar-I disorder: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37866735
Adjunctive vitamin B6 (40 mg) with lithium produced significant improvements in PSQI sleep scores in bipolar‑I inpatients.
- Use of nutritional supplements based on melatonin, tryptophan and vitamin B6 (Melamil Tripto®) in children with primary chronic headache, with or without sleep disorders: a pilot study
PubMed ID: 31621274
Addition of tryptophan+B6 to melatonin reduced night awakenings in children with chronic headache (pilot RCT), supporting improved sleep continuity.
- Therapeutic effects of magnesium and vitamin B6 in alleviating the symptoms of restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36587225
Randomized trial in RLS showed B6 substantially reduced symptom scores and significantly improved PSQI sleep quality.
Energy & Fatigue (2)
- Impact of a multiple-micronutrient food supplement on the nutritional status of schoolchildren
PubMed ID: 17542110
Hemoglobin increases from micronutrient supplementation could plausibly reduce fatigue/tiredness.
- A functional evaluation of anti-fatigue and exercise performance improvement following vitamin B complex supplementation in healthy humans, a randomized double-blind trial
PubMed ID: 37786445
Multivitamin with 50 mg B6 increased time‑to‑exhaustion and reduced exercise metabolites — strong signal for increased physical energy/endurance.
Menstrual comfort (2)
- A Pilot Randomized Treatment-Controlled Trial Comparing Vitamin B6 with Broad-Spectrum Micronutrients for Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed ID: 31928364
Randomized trial: vitamin B6 80 mg/day reduced PMS symptom severity and achieved good remission rates vs baseline and compared to a micronutrient formula.
- A double-blind trial of four medications to treat severe premenstrual syndrome
PubMed ID: 9722128
Pyridoxine 300 mg/day produced ~45% symptom reduction in PMS scores though effect close to placebo—moderate evidence for symptom easing.
Forms of Vitamin B6
The form a label may print instead of Vitamin B6. Each is a different substance with its own identifier, and none of them has research of its own — the studies are the ones on this page.
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Vitamin B6
Search all29062 products whose verified label declares Vitamin B6 — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.