Thiamine
23 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
14,266 products in our catalogue print how much Thiamine a serving holds.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 25% of 14,266 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 100 mcg or less | 318 |
| 100 mcg to 250 mcg | 414 |
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 900 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 1,180 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 3,586 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 1,857 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 1,420 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 1,861 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 1,409 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 1,016 |
| over 100 mg | 305 |
Dose per serving from research
60 study groups in 50 studies say how much Thiamine participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 20% of 60 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 500 mcg or less | 1 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 3 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 10 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 3 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 9 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 3 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 6 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 12 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 4 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 8 |
| over 500 mg | 1 |
Commonly used together
36 of 60 study groups took Thiamine with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 12.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Vitamin B6 | 23 |
| Vitamin B12 | 20 |
| Riboflavin | 17 |
| Folic Acid | 11 |
| Vitamin E | 9 |
| Niacin | 6 |
| Zinc | 6 |
| Iron | 5 |
| Vitamin A | 5 |
| Vitamin C | 5 |
Benefit Evidence
Pain/sensory relief
+30 µg/L thiamine
Nerve function improved
Pain/symptoms ↓
Nerve sensation ↑
Neuropathy score ↓
Thiamine status +2.6x
Glucose/insulin −11%
B1 status ↑
Metabolism markers ↓
Energy up; fatigue down
VO2↑, lactate↓
Fatigue ↓, endurance ↑
VO2max/lactate better
Fatigue ↓, appetite ↑
Recovery markers + lactate/organ
Pain/function faster ~20-46%
Renal/cardiac support ↑
BP↓, +22% EF
Lactate↓, microcirculation↑
Improved perfusion, lactate ↓
Better cardiac output, urine ↑
Memory/attention: better
Focus scores: +3.7
EEG/recall: improved
Attention + memory
IQ subtests + recall
Mood better + faster
Depression/cognition +1 MMSE
Mood symptoms -32%
Depression faster -1.9
Heart function +3.9%
Cardiac injury -61.5%
Pump function +5.3%
Diuresis, injury↓
GA risk ↓
Dry-eye signs/symptoms ↑
Corneal nerves + symptoms
Nerve length/width ↑
Neuromas ↓, OSDI ↓
Muscle maintenance: HGS +0.8 kg
Muscle maintenance: gait speed +0.07 m/s
Pain/sensory relief
+30 µg/L thiamine
Nerve function improved
Pain/symptoms ↓
Nerve sensation ↑
Neuropathy score ↓
Energy up; fatigue down
VO2↑, lactate↓
Fatigue ↓, endurance ↑
VO2max/lactate better
Fatigue ↓, appetite ↑
Recovery markers + lactate/organ
Pain/function faster ~20-46%
Renal/cardiac support ↑
BP↓, +22% EF
Lactate↓, microcirculation↑
Improved perfusion, lactate ↓
Better cardiac output, urine ↑
Memory/attention: better
Focus scores: +3.7
EEG/recall: improved
Attention + memory
IQ subtests + recall
Mood better + faster
Depression/cognition +1 MMSE
Mood symptoms -32%
Depression faster -1.9
Heart function +3.9%
Cardiac injury -61.5%
Pump function +5.3%
Diuresis, injury↓
GA risk ↓
Dry-eye signs/symptoms ↑
Corneal nerves + symptoms
Nerve length/width ↑
Neuromas ↓, OSDI ↓
Research sources
Nerve health (22)
- The Utility of Oral Vitamin B1 and Mecobalamin to Improve Corneal Nerves in Dry Eye Disease: An In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Study
PubMed ID: 36145126
Oral thiamine + mecobalamin RCT increased corneal subbasal nerve length/width, reduced neuromas and improved dry‑eye neurosensory symptoms—strong nerve function evidence.
- Benfotiamine in treatment of alcoholic polyneuropathy: an 8-week randomized controlled study (BAP I Study)
PubMed ID: 9872352
Benfotiamine improved sensory and motor signs and overall neuropathy score in alcoholic neuropathy RCT.
- Treatment of alcoholic polyneuropathy with vitamin B complex: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16926172
Large RCT: vitamin B complex (including thiamine) improved vibration sense and neuropathy symptoms in alcoholic polyneuropathy.
- A Randomized Control Trial of Dexketoprofen/Vitamin B (Thiamine, Pyridoxine and Cyanocobalamin) Fixed-Dose Combination in Post-Traumatic Grade I-II Cervical Sprains
PubMed ID: 38842764
Double‑blind RCT: combining B1/B6/B12 with NSAID accelerated pain relief and improved disability in acute neck pain—strong clinical evidence for B‑vitamin benefit on pain/nerve symptoms.
- Thiamin deficiency and uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Laos
PubMed ID: 17313507
High prevalence of biochemical thiamine deficiency in malaria patients indicates frequent risk to nervous system function in that population.
- [Medicamentous therapy of alcoholic polyneuropathy. Randomized double-blind study comparing 2 vitamin B preparations and a nucleotide preparation]
PubMed ID: 9064269
Large randomized trial in alcoholic polyneuropathy found symptomatic and objective improvements across active regimens that included thiamine.
- Therapeutic efficacy of "Milgamma" in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy
PubMed ID: 9575643
Milgamma (benfotiamine+B12) gave significant pain relief and improved vibration sense in diabetic neuropathy—clear neural benefit.
- Effectiveness of different benfotiamine dosage regimens in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy
PubMed ID: 10219465
Benfotiamine improved neuropathic pain and sensory measures in diabetic neuropathy with a dose–response effect.
- Benfotiamine in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy--a three-week randomized, controlled pilot study (BEDIP study)
PubMed ID: 15726875
Benfotiamine (B1 prodrug) RCT improved neuropathy scores and pain in diabetic polyneuropathy—strong direct evidence for nervous system benefit.
- Benfotiamine in diabetic polyneuropathy (BENDIP): results of a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 18473286
Benfotiamine improved neuropathy symptom scores (pain, NSS/TSS) in diabetic polyneuropathy—strongest evidence for improved nerve-related outcomes.
- [Vitamin B complex (milgamma) in the treatment of vertebrogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy]
PubMed ID: 20037567
B‑vitamin complex (contains B1) plus diclofenac produced superior pain relief and recovery in lumbosacral radiculopathy vs diclofenac alone — supportive of symptomatic nerve benefit.
- Improving neuropathy scores in type 2 diabetic patients using micronutrients supplementation
PubMed ID: 21496936
A multinutrient supplement including B1 produced marked reductions in neuropathy symptom scores (MNSI) though electrophysiology did not change; symptomatic nerve benefit is supported but confounded by other nutrients.
- Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Gabapentin Plus B Complex (B1/B12) versus Pregabalin for Treating Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
PubMed ID: 26885528
Gabapentin + B1/B12 provided effective neuropathic pain relief in diabetic neuropathy—clinical evidence that B vitamins (including thiamine) can contribute to improved nerve function/symptoms.
- Influence of folate status and polyphenol intake on thiamin status of Irish women
PubMed ID: 2239785
Direct thiamine supplementation raised biochemical thiamine status in women—supports capacity to correct nervous‑system‑relevant deficiency.
- Thiamine and folate treatment of chronic epileptic patients: a controlled study with the Wechsler IQ scale
PubMed ID: 8269914
Improvements on neuropsych tests (visuospatial, processing speed) suggest enhanced neural function/signaling after thiamine.
- A pilot study of thiamin and folic acid in hemodialysis patients with cognitive impairment
PubMed ID: 33913373
Thiamine+folic acid improved global cognition in HD patients (neurocognitive benefit) and reduced homocysteine; neural benefit in diseased population.
- Evaluation of the efficacy of thiamine and pyridoxine in the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy
PubMed ID: 9557427
High-dose thiamine+pyridoxine produced marked symptomatic and sign improvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (strong nervous system benefit).
- Diclofenac plus B vitamins versus diclofenac monotherapy in lumbago: the DOLOR study
PubMed ID: 19731994
Combination B1/B6/B12 with diclofenac improved pain and function in acute low back pain—consistent with nerve‑supporting effects of B vitamins (including thiamine).
- Thiamine, cobalamin, locally injected alone or combination for herpetic itching: a single-center randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23887347
Local thiamine injections markedly relieved herpetic itch (neurogenic symptom), indicating a strong nerve‑symptom benefit.
- Low-dose thiamine supplementation of lactating Cambodian mothers improves human milk thiamine concentrations: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33829271
Dose–response maternal supplementation increased infant ThDP and related biomarkers — strong support for healthy nerve signalling substrate in infants.
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Addition of a Combination of Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Vitamin B1 and B12 to Standard Treatment in the Management of Painful Radiculopathy and in the Quality of Life of Patients
PubMed ID: 39683579
Pyrimidine nucleotides + high‑dose B1/B12 produced functional improvement in radiculopathy (CGI/ disability) — supports peripheral nerve/neurologic functional benefit (combination includes thiamine).
- Effectiveness of acupoint injection combined with specific electromagnetic spectrum irradiation and acupuncture on peripheral facial paralysis
PubMed ID: 40050238
Acupoint injections of B1+B12 (with acupuncture) produced faster recovery and improved facial nerve scores and reduced inflammatory markers—clinical improvement in nerve function though confounded.
Growth support (10)
- Vitamin supplementation of HIV-infected women improves postnatal child growth
PubMed ID: 15817867
Large RCT: maternal multivitamins (including thiamine) during pregnancy/lactation improved child weight and growth at 2 years — strong developmental signal though not thiamine‑isolated.
- Effect of vitamin A, vitamin A plus iron and multiple micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder on infectious morbidity of preschool children
PubMed ID: 20605698
Seasoning powder fortified with multiple vitamins including thiamine reduced infectious morbidity and shortened illness duration in preschool children — supports population‑level benefits for growth/development as part of multi‑micronutrient status.
- Household Consumption of Thiamin-Fortified Fish Sauce Increases Erythrocyte Thiamin Concentrations among Rural Cambodian Women and Their Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial
PubMed ID: 27939124
Household fish sauce fortification substantially raised eTDP in women and young children—supports interventions to improve early life thiamine status relevant to development.
- Low-dose thiamine supplementation of lactating Cambodian mothers improves human milk thiamine concentrations: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33829271
Large double-blind dose-response trial in lactating Cambodian mothers showed dose-dependent increases in milk and blood thiamine biomarkers—strong public-health evidence for supporting infant development.
- Language processing in breastfed infants at risk of thiamine deficiency benefits from maternal thiamine supplementation
PubMed ID: 39699595
Large double‑blind maternal thiamine supplementation trial showed dose‑response improvement in infant language attention, strongest at 10 mg/day—clear developmental benefit.
- Contribution of commercial infant products and fortified staple foods to nutrient intake at ages 6, 12, and 18 months in a cohort of children from a low socio-economic community in South Africa
PubMed ID: 30216697
Large observational cohort quantified that fortified staples and commercial infant products made major contributions to infant thiamine intake—directly relevant to growth/development adequacy.
- Effect of B vitamins-fortified foods on primary school children in Beijing
PubMed ID: 16883966
School randomized trial of B‑vitamin fortified foods (including thiamine) improved thiamine functional marker and study performance in children—supports development.
- Impact of a multiple-micronutrient fortified salt on the nutritional status and memory of schoolchildren
PubMed ID: 20533221
Multi‑micronutrient fortified salt (with B1) improved hemoglobin/iron stores and memory in children, outcomes relevant to growth and neurodevelopment.
- Perinatal Consumption of Thiamine-Fortified Fish Sauce in Rural Cambodia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 27532780
Well‑conducted randomized perinatal fortification trial: maternal and infant erythrocyte TDP and breast‑milk thiamine increased substantially—direct evidence supporting prevention of infantile beriberi and promoting infant development.
- Adaptation of New Colombian Food-based Complementary Feeding Recommendations Using Linear Programming
PubMed ID: 28644370
Linear programming showed local complementary feeding could not meet thiamine needs for 12–23 month olds without fortified foods—strong evidence that thiamine is required for population‑level growth adequacy.
Metabolism (13)
- Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of thiamin supplements in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 32722956
Thiamine 100 mg/day in gestational diabetes reduced inflammation and oxidative-stress markers—supports metabolic/biochemical balance.
- Increasing consumption of breakfast cereal improves thiamine status in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet
PubMed ID: 18608543
Cereal‑focused diet increased thiamine intake/status and reduced prevalence of low thiamine—supports metabolic homeostasis by correcting deficiency.
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Thiamine as a Metabolic Resuscitator in Septic Shock: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 26771781
In thiamine‑deficient septic patients, IV thiamine reduced lactate (improved pyruvate metabolism) indicating correction of a metabolic imbalance.
- Comparable Performance Characteristics of Plasma Thiamine and Erythrocyte Thiamine Diphosphate in Response to Thiamine Fortification in Rural Cambodian Women
PubMed ID: 28661435
Fortification trial produced large increases in thiamine biomarkers—directly relevant to population metabolic adequacy.
- Vitamin B complex supplementation as a homocysteine-lowering therapy for early stage diabetic nephropathy in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30704890
B‑complex in youth with T1DM reduced homocysteine and improved glycemic/renal markers—improved metabolic/renal balance though intervention included multiple B vitamins.
- Daily consumption of fruit-flavored yoghurt enriched with vitamins B contributes to lower energy intake and body weight reduction, in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31663569
B1/B5/B6‑enriched yogurt modestly lowered weight and increased thiamine and improved homocysteine in overweight T2DM—supports metabolic improvements in small RCT.
- Randomised trial of intravenous thiamine and/or magnesium sulphate administration on erythrocyte transketolase activity, lactate concentrations and alcohol withdrawal scores
PubMed ID: 35484175
Parenteral thiamine robustly increases eThDP and, when combined with magnesium, normalized lactate—evidence of metabolic biochemical correction.
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on benfotiamine treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy
PubMed ID: 20413516
High‑dose benfotiamine markedly improved thiamine status and transketolase activity in diabetics, supporting biochemical mechanisms for improved metabolic balance despite no short‑term renal benefit.
- Effects of benfotiamine treatment over 12 months on morphometric, neurophysiological and clinical measures in type 2 diabetes patients with symptomatic polyneuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial (BOND study)
PubMed ID: 41571333
Benfotiamine produced very large increases in thiamine biomarkers and increased transketolase activity, indicating meaningful shifts in metabolic enzyme cofactors.
- Relationship of blood thiamine pyrophosphate to plasma phosphate and the response to enteral nutrition plus co-administration of intravenous thiamine during critical illness
PubMed ID: 36919646
IV thiamine produced rapid, supraphysiological increases in thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), directly supporting core metabolic pathways (strong mechanistic evidence).
- Administration of B-group vitamins reduces circulating homocysteine in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients treated with metformin: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 15790610
B‑vitamin supplement (including high‑dose B1) prevented metformin‑induced rise in homocysteine — clear biochemical metabolic effect.
- Vitamin Profile of the Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Novel Total Parenteral Nutrition Formula: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial
PubMed ID: 40906605
TPN with higher vitamin B1 produced clear, statistically significant increases in blood thiamine and improved vitamin C status—strong biochemical evidence of metabolic impact.
- High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 19057893
High‑dose thiamine reduced microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetics, suggesting beneficial effects on diabetic metabolic complications.
Energy & Fatigue (18)
- Comparable Performance Characteristics of Plasma Thiamine and Erythrocyte Thiamine Diphosphate in Response to Thiamine Fortification in Rural Cambodian Women
PubMed ID: 28661435
Thiamine‑fortified fish sauce produced large, specific rises in plasma and erythrocyte thiamine biomarkers—directly increases cofactor availability for energy metabolism.
- A functional evaluation of anti-fatigue and exercise performance improvement following vitamin B complex supplementation in healthy humans, a randomized double-blind trial
PubMed ID: 37786445
B‑vitamin supplement including B1 increased exercise time‑to‑exhaustion and lowered lactate/ammonia—direct reduction in exertional fatigue markers and performance improvement.
- Vitamin Profile of the Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Novel Total Parenteral Nutrition Formula: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial
PubMed ID: 40906605
Higher parenteral thiamine raised blood thiamine — thiamine is a cofactor for energy metabolism enzymes; biochemical evidence is clear in TPN setting.
- Influence of thiamin supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal thiamin deficiency
PubMed ID: 1986037
Randomized double‑blind thiamine (10 mg/day) in marginally deficient elderly women produced clear reductions in fatigue and improved energy.
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Thiamine as a Metabolic Resuscitator in Septic Shock: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 26771781
IV thiamine lowered lactate in thiamine‑deficient septic patients and was associated with improved survival—supports a metabolic (energy/PDH) effect in deficiency.
- Thiamine as an adjunctive therapy in cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial
PubMed ID: 27044557
Perioperative thiamine increased global and cellular oxygen consumption and maximal OCR—strong physiologic evidence of increased cellular energy capacity.
- Household Consumption of Thiamin-Fortified Fish Sauce Increases Erythrocyte Thiamin Concentrations among Rural Cambodian Women and Their Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial
PubMed ID: 27939124
Randomized household fortification with thiamin‑fortified fish sauce produced large, direct increases in erythrocyte TDP (biochemical marker of thiamine status), supporting the vitamin's role in energy metabolism.
- Randomised clinical trial: high-dose oral thiamine versus placebo for chronic fatigue in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease
PubMed ID: 33210299
Randomized double‑blind crossover trial found a large, clinically meaningful reduction in chronic fatigue with high‑dose oral thiamine.
- Therapeutic efficacy of "Milgamma" in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy
PubMed ID: 9575643
Milgamma (benfotiamine+B12) produced significant pain relief in diabetic neuropathy which commonly reduces fatigue; clinical symptomatic improvement reported.
- Comparative Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Thiamine and Its Phosphorylated Metabolites Administered as Multivitamin Preparations
PubMed ID: 27707509
PK crossover studies show lipophilic thiamine derivatives yield markedly higher plasma/ intracellular thiamine/TDP exposure, which could enhance biochemical capacity for energy production.
- Relationship of blood thiamine pyrophosphate to plasma phosphate and the response to enteral nutrition plus co-administration of intravenous thiamine during critical illness
PubMed ID: 36919646
IV thiamine rapidly raised thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active cofactor for energy metabolism—strong mechanistic support for increased cellular energy availability.
- Influence of folate status and polyphenol intake on thiamin status of Irish women
PubMed ID: 2239785
Direct thiamin supplementation (10 mg) improved biochemical thiamin status (TPP effect), supporting energy-linked pathways.
- B-vitamins, related vitamers, and metabolites in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease and chronic fatigue treated with high dose oral thiamine
PubMed ID: 37880581
Randomized crossover high‑dose oral thiamine produced large pharmacologic rises and clinically meaningful reductions in fatigue in quiescent IBD patients (majority responders).
- Micronutrient supplementation improves physical performance measures in Asian Indian school-age children
PubMed ID: 21918063
Children on fortified beverage showed better aerobic performance and improved vitamin status including thiamine (multi-nutrient effect).
- Fortification of maize meal improved the nutritional status of 1-3-year-old African children
PubMed ID: 16153327
Fortified maize produced substantial weight gain in undernourished children (thiamine included), consistent with improved energy/nutrition.
- Optimizing Vitamin and Trace Element Profiles in Blood after Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery by a New Parenteral Nutrition Formula
PubMed ID: 30799392
Revised parenteral nutrition with more B1 raised blood thiamine in surgical patients, restoring cofactor availability for energy metabolism in PN recipients.
- Evaluation of the efficacy of thiamine and pyridoxine in the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy
PubMed ID: 9557427
High-dose thiamine+pyridoxine markedly reduced neuropathic symptoms (including fatigue-related complaints) in diabetic neuropathy.
- Increasing consumption of breakfast cereal improves thiamine status in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet
PubMed ID: 18608543
Dietary intervention markedly increased blood thiamine concentrations, reducing prevalence of low status—nutritional support for normal energy metabolism.
Illness recovery (10)
- Nutritional status of elderly patients during recovery from chest infection and the role of nutritional supplementation assessed by a prospective randomized single-blind trial
PubMed ID: 8010171
Multinutrient supplementation (including thiamine) in elderly improved some recovery/functional measures after illness.
- Randomised trial of intravenous thiamine and/or magnesium sulphate administration on erythrocyte transketolase activity, lactate concentrations and alcohol withdrawal scores
PubMed ID: 35484175
In alcohol withdrawal, adding IV magnesium (with/without thiamine) shortened time to symptom resolution versus thiamine alone, indicating improved clinical recovery when combined.
- A Randomized Control Trial of Dexketoprofen/Vitamin B (Thiamine, Pyridoxine and Cyanocobalamin) Fixed-Dose Combination in Post-Traumatic Grade I-II Cervical Sprains
PubMed ID: 38842764
RCT adding B‑vitamins (including thiamine) to NSAID produced faster pain and disability improvement in neck sprain — clinically meaningful recovery signal (combination product).
- Effect of Combined Vitamin C and Thiamine Therapy on Myocardial and Inflammatory Markers in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40290059
Adding IV thiamine to vitamin C in cardiac surgery reduced cardiac injury markers and early inflammation, consistent with faster organ recovery/reduced perioperative injury.
- Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy
PubMed ID: 7733128
IV thiamine in CHF produced clinically meaningful increases in diuresis and LVEF—supports faster symptomatic/physiologic recovery in that setting.
- Diclofenac plus B vitamins versus diclofenac monotherapy in lumbago: the DOLOR study
PubMed ID: 19731994
Large RCT showed faster pain relief and functional gains when B1/B6/B12 were added to diclofenac (combination therapy; thiamine part of effect).
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Thiamine as a Metabolic Resuscitator in Septic Shock: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 26771781
IV thiamine in thiamine‑deficient septic patients lowered lactate and associated with improved survival—clinically meaningful recovery signal in deficient subgroup.
- Thiamine as a Renal Protective Agent in Septic Shock. A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28207287
Secondary analysis of an RCT in septic shock: thiamine-treated patients had substantially lower progression to RRT and lower creatinine, consistent with faster organ recovery (post-hoc evidence).
- A prospective, randomised clinical study comparing triple therapy regimen to hydrocortisone monotherapy in reducing mortality in septic shock patients
PubMed ID: 34003568
Hydrocortisone+vitamin C+thiamine shortened shock and vasopressor duration in septic shock (combination therapy), suggesting faster physiologic recovery (cannot isolate thiamine).
- Thiamine for Renal Protection in Septic Shock (TRPSS): A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37364280
IV thiamine in septic shock was associated with more ICU-free days and trends to less severe AKI, a signal toward faster clinical recovery (secondary outcomes).
Blood circulation (9)
- Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy
PubMed ID: 7733128
IV thiamine increased diuresis and sodium excretion and improved LVEF in CHF patients, consistent with improved circulatory/hemodynamic parameters.
- Effects of thiamine on vasopressor requirements in patients with septic shock: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33167911
IV thiamine associated with faster lactate clearance and reduced vasopressor dependency at 24h in septic shock (physiologic circulation signal).
- Effect of Combined Vitamin C and Thiamine Therapy on Myocardial and Inflammatory Markers in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40290059
Cardiac‑surgery RCT with added thiamine showed marked reductions in biomarkers of myocardial injury and early inflammation; supports improved perioperative organ perfusion/function.
- Effects of supplementation with multivitamin and mineral on blood pressure and C-reactive protein in obese Chinese women with increased cardiovascular disease risk
PubMed ID: 19329405
High-dose multivitamin/mineral supplement containing thiamine lowered systolic/diastolic BP and CRP in obese women (randomized), supporting improved vascular markers; attribution to thiamine partial.
- Alcohol-related cardiomyopathy in the Seychelles
PubMed ID: 1943932
Rapid diuresis in beriberi patients after thiamine indicates improved circulatory dynamics in deficiency.
- A prospective, randomised clinical study comparing triple therapy regimen to hydrocortisone monotherapy in reducing mortality in septic shock patients
PubMed ID: 34003568
HAT triple therapy (vit C+thiamine+hydrocortisone) shortened shock and vasopressor duration in septic shock (direct circulation/hemodynamic improvement signal though multinutrient).
- Outcomes of Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in the Early Treatment of Sepsis: The ORANGES Trial
PubMed ID: 32194058
HAT bundle shortened time on vasopressors (faster shock reversal) in septic ICU trial (multi‑agent limits attribution).
- Combination of vitamin C, thiamine and hydrocortisone added to standard treatment in the management of sepsis: results from an open label randomised controlled clinical trial and a review of the literature
PubMed ID: 31990246
Open RCT HAT bundle shortened vasopressor duration and improved lactate clearance (improved hemodynamics), though multi‑agent.
- High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 19057893
Reduction in microalbuminuria with high‑dose thiamine suggests improved microvascular/kidney vascular function relevant to circulation.
Vitality (8)
- A functional evaluation of anti-fatigue and exercise performance improvement following vitamin B complex supplementation in healthy humans, a randomized double-blind trial
PubMed ID: 37786445
B‑vitamin formula (including B1) markedly increased exercise endurance and reduced fatigue metabolites—translates to improved vitality/fitness.
- Effect of micronutrient pack on micronutrient status and antioxidant capacities among institutional older adults in Shanghai, China
PubMed ID: 31464392
Improved thiamine status and antioxidant capacity in older adults—supports general vitality in that population.
- B-vitamins, related vitamers, and metabolites in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease and chronic fatigue treated with high dose oral thiamine
PubMed ID: 37880581
High‑dose thiamine produced clinically meaningful fatigue improvements in IBD patients, consistent with improved vitality.
- Influence of thiamin supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal thiamin deficiency
PubMed ID: 1986037
Elderly with low thiamin reported improved well-being, appetite and weight gain after thiamin—clinically meaningful vitality gains.
- Curative treatment of primary (spasmodic) dysmenorrhoea
PubMed ID: 8935744
Large trial where thiamine largely cured primary dysmenorrhea—relief of pain can substantially improve perceived vitality.
- The response to treatment of subclinical thiamine deficiency in the elderly
PubMed ID: 9322569
In elderly with low thiamine, supplementation improved QoL and weight—translates to increased overall vitality.
- Comparable Performance Characteristics of Plasma Thiamine and Erythrocyte Thiamine Diphosphate in Response to Thiamine Fortification in Rural Cambodian Women
PubMed ID: 28661435
Population fortification markedly improved thiamine biomarkers—expected to support overall health/vitality where deficiency is common.
- Randomised clinical trial: high-dose oral thiamine versus placebo for chronic fatigue in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease
PubMed ID: 33210299
High-dose thiamine substantially reduced fatigue and improved patient-reported vitality in IBD patients—supports overall vitality.
Blood sugar (8)
- Comparable Performance Characteristics of Plasma Thiamine and Erythrocyte Thiamine Diphosphate in Response to Thiamine Fortification in Rural Cambodian Women
PubMed ID: 28661435
Fortification substantially increased thiamine biomarkers—thiamine is a direct cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism; improved status strongly supports this benefit at population level.
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on benfotiamine treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy
PubMed ID: 20413516
Benfotiamine significantly increased whole‑blood thiamine and transketolase activity, a key enzyme linking thiamine to carbohydrate metabolic pathways.
- [Assessment of efficiency of dietotherapy with addition of a vitamin-mineral complex in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]
PubMed ID: 25300112
Multinutrient complex (including B1) produced a modestly larger glucose drop in type 2 diabetic women (confounded but metabolically relevant).
- Influence of folate status and polyphenol intake on thiamin status of Irish women
PubMed ID: 2239785
Thiamin 10 mg improved biochemical thiamin (TPP) status directly supporting thiamine-dependent carbohydrate metabolism.
- Vitamin Profile of the Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Novel Total Parenteral Nutrition Formula: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial
PubMed ID: 40906605
Higher parenteral thiamine increased blood thiamine levels — thiamine is required for carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, supportive biochemical evidence.
- High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 19057893
High‑dose thiamine reduced microalbuminuria in diabetics without changing glycaemic control—supports a role in mitigating diabetes‑related metabolic complications.
- Plasma AGE-peptides and C-peptide in early-stage diabetic nephropathy patients on thiamine and pyridoxine therapy
PubMed ID: 23392542
Thiamine + B6 raised C‑peptide and stabilized AGE‑peptides in early diabetic nephropathy (favorable carbohydrate metabolism biomarkers).
- Randomised trial of intravenous thiamine and/or magnesium sulphate administration on erythrocyte transketolase activity, lactate concentrations and alcohol withdrawal scores
PubMed ID: 35484175
Parenteral thiamine produced large increases in eThDP and, with magnesium, normalized lactate—direct evidence for thiamine’s role in carbohydrate metabolism enzyme function.
Focus & concentration (7)
- Effect of B vitamins-fortified foods on primary school children in Beijing
PubMed ID: 16883966
B‑vitamin fortified foods (including thiamine) improved a study‑ability index in schoolchildren—direct evidence for enhanced focus at group level.
- Language processing in breastfed infants at risk of thiamine deficiency benefits from maternal thiamine supplementation
PubMed ID: 39699595
Large maternal supplementation RCT produced a dose‑dependent improvement in infants' attention to infant‑directed speech — direct evidence for enhanced attentional processing (thiamine dose‑response).
- The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on cognitive functioning
PubMed ID: 7770605
High-dose multivitamin (including thiamine) improved some attention measures in women and thiamine status correlated with better cognitive scores.
- Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with 'Optimal' and 'Sub-Optimal' Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36501109
Multinutrient supplementation including thiamine improved attention in an 'optimal' diet subgroup (randomized trial cognitive benefit specific to focus).
- A pilot study of thiamin and folic acid in hemodialysis patients with cognitive impairment
PubMed ID: 33913373
Hemodialysis patients receiving high-dose thiamine+folic acid had improved cognitive (MoCA) scores, supporting better attention/processing (attribution to thiamine uncertain).
- Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings
PubMed ID: 11198705
Higher-dose parenteral thiamin produced better working-memory performance during alcohol detox (attention/executive component).
- Thiamine and folate treatment of chronic epileptic patients: a controlled study with the Wechsler IQ scale
PubMed ID: 8269914
Thiamine improved several neuropsychological test scores in epileptic patients on phenytoin, supporting improved attention/executive function.
Mood balance (7)
- Influence of thiamin supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal thiamin deficiency
PubMed ID: 1986037
Marginally deficient elderly had improved general well‑being with thiamine, which includes mood components.
- The response to treatment of subclinical thiamine deficiency in the elderly
PubMed ID: 9322569
Thiamine correction in deficient elderly improved quality of life (psychological domain), consistent with mood benefit in deficiency.
- Intensive dietary intervention by a dietitian as a case manager among community dwelling older adults: the EDIT study
PubMed ID: 21968856
Intensive dietitian counseling that increased thiamine-rich food intake produced a significant improvement in depression scores in older adults (randomized diet intervention).
- The effects of vitamin B1 on ameliorating the premenstrual syndrome symptoms
PubMed ID: 25363099
Thiamine given in luteal phase significantly reduced PMS overall and mental symptoms—direct mood‑related clinical benefit.
- Adjuvant thiamine improved standard treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: results from a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26984349
Randomized, double-blind trial: adjunctive thiamine led to faster reduction of depressive symptoms at 6 weeks vs placebo—direct clinical evidence for mood support.
- Change in psychiatric symptomatology after benfotiamine treatment in males is related to lifetime alcoholism severity
PubMed ID: 25908323
Benfotiamine produced significant reductions in obsessive‑compulsive and phobic anxiety subscales in a high‑severity alcoholism subgroup (robust subgroup effect).
- Vitamin supplementation for 1 year improves mood
PubMed ID: 7477807
One‑year multivitamin use modestly improved mood; improved thiamine status in women associated with mood gains (associative evidence).
Memory (5)
- Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings
PubMed ID: 11198705
Higher-dose IM thiamin in detoxing alcoholics produced dose-related improvement in a working-memory task.
- Intensive dietary intervention by a dietitian as a case manager among community dwelling older adults: the EDIT study
PubMed ID: 21968856
Dietitian-led improvements in diet (including increased thiamine intake) were associated with modest MMSE gains in older adults (multi-component intervention).
- A pilot study of thiamin and folic acid in hemodialysis patients with cognitive impairment
PubMed ID: 33913373
High-dose thiamine plus folic acid in hemodialysis patients improved MoCA scores substantially over 96 weeks (combo therapy, but cognitive benefit is clear).
- Thiamine and folate treatment of chronic epileptic patients: a controlled study with the Wechsler IQ scale
PubMed ID: 8269914
Thiamine improved several neuropsychological measures in epileptic patients, consistent with memory/cognitive gains.
- Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33074237
Benfotiamine RCT showed preliminary evidence of less cognitive decline vs placebo (ADAS‑Cog, CDR signals).
Mental clarity (4)
- The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on cognitive functioning
PubMed ID: 7770605
Multivitamin trial (thiamine included) showed improved attention in women and thiamine status correlated with cognitive measures—supports clearer thinking indirectly.
- Thiamine and folate treatment of chronic epileptic patients: a controlled study with the Wechsler IQ scale
PubMed ID: 8269914
Neuropsychological subtest improvements (abstract reasoning, digit span) indicate clearer cognitive processing after thiamine.
- Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33074237
Benfotiamine RCT showed cognitive and functional preservation vs placebo (supports clearer thinking).
- Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings
PubMed ID: 11198705
Dose-related improvement in working memory during detox suggests clearer cognitive function with higher thiamin dosing.
Brain health (4)
- A pilot study of thiamin and folic acid in hemodialysis patients with cognitive impairment
PubMed ID: 33913373
96‑week thiamine + folic acid improved MoCA scores substantially in hemodialysis patients—clear clinical cognitive benefit in a randomized pilot.
- Thiamine and folate treatment of chronic epileptic patients: a controlled study with the Wechsler IQ scale
PubMed ID: 8269914
Controlled trial in phenytoin-treated epileptics showed measurable improvements in neuropsychological test scores with thiamine.
- Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33074237
Benfotiamine increased blood thiamine and showed preliminary slowing of cognitive and functional decline in amyloid-positive MCI/mild AD (pilot RCT).
- Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings
PubMed ID: 11198705
Higher IM thiamin doses improved a working‑memory test in alcohol‑dependent subjects (dose–response suggested).
Heart health (4)
- Alcohol-related cardiomyopathy in the Seychelles
PubMed ID: 1943932
Large observational series: many beriberi (thiamine‑responsive) cases with rapid diuresis after thiamine—supports cardiac benefit in deficiency states.
- Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy
PubMed ID: 7733128
Randomized IV thiamine in CHF patients improved LVEF and increased diuresis/sodium excretion—strong clinical benefit in heart‑failure associated with thiamine.
- Effect of Combined Vitamin C and Thiamine Therapy on Myocardial and Inflammatory Markers in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40290059
Randomized double‑blind cardiac‑surgery trial: adding IV thiamine to vitamin C markedly reduced troponin‑I, CK‑MB and IL‑6 and arrhythmias acutely — strong perioperative cardioprotective signal (with vitamin C background).
- The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure
PubMed ID: 16081469
Multinutrient (including B1) improved LVEF and LV volumes in CHF patients — plausible cardiac benefit though not B1‑isolated.
Healthy aging (3)
- The response to treatment of subclinical thiamine deficiency in the elderly
PubMed ID: 9322569
In elderly with persistent low TPP, low‑dose thiamine raised levels and improved quality of life and weight—relevant to aging populations.
- Effect of micronutrient pack on micronutrient status and antioxidant capacities among institutional older adults in Shanghai, China
PubMed ID: 31464392
Randomized micronutrient pack (including B1) in institutionalized older adults increased thiamine and improved antioxidant markers and reduced oxidative damage—relevant to healthy aging.
- Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33074237
Benfotiamine slowed cognitive/functional decline in amyloid-positive MCI/mild AD in a 12-month pilot RCT—relevant to brain aging.
Eye health (2)
- Dietary folate, B vitamins, genetic susceptibility and progression to advanced nonexudative age-related macular degeneration with geographic atrophy: a prospective cohort study
PubMed ID: 26961928
Large prospective cohort: higher thiamine intake was associated with lower risk of progression to geographic atrophy in AMD (observational but vision-specific signal).
- The Utility of Oral Vitamin B1 and Mecobalamin to Improve Corneal Nerves in Dry Eye Disease: An In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Study
PubMed ID: 36145126
Randomized double‑blind trial: oral thiamine + mecobalamin increased corneal nerve length/width, reduced neuromas and improved dry‑eye symptoms (direct eye comfort efficacy).
Strength (2)
- Benfotiamine in treatment of alcoholic polyneuropathy: an 8-week randomized controlled study (BAP I Study)
PubMed ID: 9872352
Benfotiamine improved motor function in alcoholic neuropathy RCT—relevant to muscle strength support via improved innervation.
- Effects of a low-protein nutritional formula with dietary counseling in older adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38097963
Intervention formula (including thiamine) preserved hand-grip strength and improved gait speed in older CKD patients over 3 months (functional strength outcome).
Stress resilience (2)
- Thiamine as a Renal Protective Agent in Septic Shock. A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28207287
IV thiamine in septic shock was associated with markedly fewer patients progressing to dialysis—indicative of improved organ resilience during severe physiological stress (secondary analysis).
- Impact of Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 Supplementation on Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep Quality: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40507089
Double‑blind RCT of B1+B2 showed significant reductions in perceived stress (PSS) and improved sleep measures — supports stress resilience (vitamin combo includes thiamine).
Endurance (1)
- Micronutrient supplementation improves physical performance measures in Asian Indian school-age children
PubMed ID: 21918063
Large RCT in children found improved aerobic capacity with a thiamine-containing fortified beverage (multi-nutrient; attribution partial).
Digestive support (1)
- Ondansetron combined with ST36 (Zusanli) acupuncture point injection for postoperative vomiting
PubMed ID: 24440809
Vitamin B1 injection at ST36 significantly reduced postoperative vomiting (direct digestive symptom benefit).
Appetite regulation (1)
- Influence of thiamin supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal thiamin deficiency
PubMed ID: 1986037
Randomized trial in elderly with low thiamin showed significant increases in appetite, energy intake and weight with thiamin supplementation.
Appetite stimulation (1)
- Influence of thiamin supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal thiamin deficiency
PubMed ID: 1986037
In marginally deficient elderly women, daily thiamine significantly increased appetite and energy intake versus placebo.
Muscle maintenance (1)
- Effects of a low-protein nutritional formula with dietary counseling in older adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38097963
Older CKD patients receiving a low‑protein renal formula (containing thiamine) showed improved hand‑grip strength and gait speed (functional muscle outcomes; multinutrient intervention).
Similar by evidence
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Products with Thiamine
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Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.