Iodine

PubMed ID: 22205314

Randomized trial of graded iodide supplementation produced clear, dose‑dependent increases in urinary iodine and TSH and changes in thyroid volume, directly linking intake to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 15494456

rhTSH before radioiodine markedly increased thyroid radioiodine uptake and absorbed dose — directly alters iodine/thyroid therapy kinetics and outcomes.

PubMed ID: 15531495

Vitamin A added to iodized salt reduced TSH/thyroglobulin and goiter rate—demonstrates improved thyroid biomarkers when nutrient interactions corrected.

PubMed ID: 14640988

Resuming methimazole after radioiodine altered early thyroxine rise and goiter shrinkage—study of clinical management around radioiodine therapy affecting thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 14720423

Iodized‑salt consumers required higher PTU doses and showed different thyroid hormone/urinary iodine measures—demonstrates impact of dietary iodine on hyperthyroidism therapy and thyroid physiology.

PubMed ID: 14611705

Observational data in an iodized population showing maternal TSH elevations postpartum affected by salt restriction—relevant to thyroid monitoring in peripartum women.

PubMed ID: 12728462

Restricting iodine intake helped many Hashimoto's hypothyroid patients regain euthyroidism—demonstrates strong clinical linkage between iodine intake and thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 12762636

Iodinated oil (oral/IM) produced prolonged increases in urinary iodine without adverse thyroid effects—direct evidence of sustained iodine repletion relevant to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 12629071

Randomized study in Graves' disease: fixed vs uptake-adjusted radioiodine produced similar long-term thyroid outcomes—direct thyroid therapy evidence.

PubMed ID: 12748410

Cross‑sectional study: vegans/vegetarians had markedly lower urinary iodine and higher deficiency prevalence — strong evidence on iodine status and thyroid risk.

PubMed ID: 12540404

Large RCT: iodized and dual‑fortified salt substantially improved urinary iodine concentration and thyroid size in children — strong direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 12354133

Adding iodized salt to levothyroxine after thyroidectomy achieved much greater remnant shrinkage vs L‑T4 alone—directly improves thyroid outcomes in deficient area.

PubMed ID: 12207166

Single 200 mg oral iodized oil dose safely corrected deficiency and markedly reduced goiter prevalence for >1 year—strong, direct thyroid benefit.

PubMed ID: 12088916

Randomized trial in pregnancy: 200 μg/day prevented thyroid enlargement better than 50 μg/day—direct support for thyroid health during pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 12297896

Belgian neonates had insufficient iodine and low breast milk; iodine‑enriched formula corrected preterm iodine status by day 30—important for neonatal thyroid sufficiency.

PubMed ID: 11916762

Iron supplementation greatly enhanced the response to iodized salt in goitrous, iron‑deficient children — strong evidence that iodine interventions affect thyroid size/function when co‑factors optimized.

PubMed ID: 12364424

Short lithium around radioiodine prevented transient post‑withdrawal thyroid hormone rises and improved radioiodine retention — directly relevant to radioiodine thyroid therapy management.

PubMed ID: 12457449

Dual fortification of salt with iron and iodine produced a much larger thyroid volume reduction and improved thyroid/hormone outcomes—very strong programmatic thyroid support evidence.

PubMed ID: 11685491

Randomized trial of radioiodine dose in Graves' disease with major effects on thyroid status (direct, high‑relevance to thyroid function).

PubMed ID: 11443161

Study showed large, clinically meaningful acute changes in thyroid hormones related to radioiodine therapy and antithyroid‑drug management (direct thyroid physiology/therapy data).

PubMed ID: 11528490

Markers of low iodine were linked to worse hearing and lower test scores in children—supports functional thyroid‑related consequences of deficiency.

PubMed ID: 11238476

Radioiodine therapy reduced goiter size far more than levothyroxine—important treatment‑level thyroid effect (but often produced hypothyroidism).

PubMed ID: 10967613

Oral iodised‑oil in severely iodine‑deficient schoolchildren raised urinary iodine and markedly reduced goitre prevalence—strong direct evidence for thyroid support.

PubMed ID: 11078987

Population survey documented mild iodine deficiency (median UIC 94 μg/L), highlighting need for thyroid support via supplementation/policy.

PubMed ID: 10022407

Adding lithium improved radioiodine cure rates and faster goitre shrinkage—demonstrates manipulation of iodine/radioiodine kinetics affects thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 10341861

High-dose potassium iodide caused modest alterations in FT3/FT4/TSH over 2 months, demonstrating iodine's capacity to alter thyroid hormones.

PubMed ID: 10626570

Maternal iodine supplementation increased neonatal iodine excretion and reduced neonatal thyroid volume—directly relevant to neonatal thyroid function support.

PubMed ID: 10603730

Prospective iodine supplementation in endemic goitre produced measurable changes in thyroid autoantibodies and was a direct test of iodine's effect on thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 9604230

Randomized multicenter trial: levothyroxine plus iodide reduced goitre volume (~24%) and affected TSH suppression — direct endocrine effect of iodide.

PubMed ID: 9678535

Periodic iodine supplements markedly reduced adolescents developing large thyroids (ThV>7.0 ml) — randomized evidence directly supporting iodine for thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 9580856

Diagnostic 131I dose reduced subsequent thyroid radioiodine uptake and visibility of remnants — direct, clinically relevant effect on thyroid radioiodine handling (therapy planning relevance).

PubMed ID: 9625105

Intermittent oral potassium iodide (8 mg biweekly or 30 mg monthly) effectively corrected iodine deficiency markers and reduced thyroid volume in children — direct, high‑quality evidence.

PubMed ID: 9737359

Patient satisfaction and cost comparisons across antithyroid drugs, surgery, and radioiodine — informs treatment choice for thyroid conditions.

PubMed ID: 9420337

Radioiodine treatment affected Graves' ophthalmopathy rates compared with antithyroid drugs; prednisone prevented worsening — clinical thyroid therapy outcome data.

PubMed ID: 9703374

Daily low‑dose iodine (250 μg) induced new thyroid dysfunction in Hashimoto’s patients (directly demonstrates iodine's thyroidal impact).

PubMed ID: 9533929

Postpartum low‑dose iodine reduced thyroid enlargement and had acceptable safety in mild deficiency — direct effect on maternal thyroid size.

PubMed ID: 8943171

Iodide substitution after thyroid surgery performed about as well as levothyroxine at preventing recurrence in an iodine‑deficient area — clinical thyroid outcome.

PubMed ID: 9611400

Population data show widespread low urinary iodine, increased goiter prevalence and raised neonatal TSH — strong public‑health evidence relating iodine to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 9139212

Oral iodide substantially reduced goitre volume and thyroglobulin—direct clinical evidence that iodide alters thyroid size/status.

PubMed ID: 9133695

Large prospective trial showing radioiodine therapy cures many Graves' patients with outcomes dependent on dose and gland size — direct, strong evidence for iodine (radioiodine) in treating thyroid disease.

PubMed ID: 8754370

Children with goitre showed lower T4, higher T3 and TSH—observational evidence linking regional iodine status and disrupted thyroid hormones.

PubMed ID: 8682157

Radioiodine therapy caused large, dose‑related thyroid shrinkage and reduced goitre rates—direct, strong evidence of iodine (radioiodine) impacting thyroid anatomy/function.

PubMed ID: 8640708

Randomized trial defining optimal 131I dosing for remnant ablation after thyroidectomy; relevant to thyroid-targeted radioactive iodine therapy (not dietary supplementation).

PubMed ID: 8965746

Adding 150 µg iodine to levothyroxine in euthyroid iodine-deficiency goiter increased urinary iodine and improved TSH suppression and goiter shrinkage—direct supplementation effect.

PubMed ID: 8733881

Screening in borderline iodine area found measurable prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and antibodies—evidence linking iodine status to thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 8768863

Radioiodine (131I) is an established treatment for Graves' disease; study reports relapse rates and hormone normalization—therapeutic iodine use impacting thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 8616532

Study shows short-term thionamide or perchlorate prevented biochemical iodine-induced thyroid stimulation in patients with autonomous thyroid—relevant to iodine effects on thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 8640295

Maternal iodine increased iodine status and produced smaller neonatal thyroids without inducing thyroid autoimmunity—direct neonatal/maternal thyroid impact.

PubMed ID: 8676600

Oral iodine supplementation in adolescents reduced thyroid volume (goiter) and improved lipid markers—strong direct support for thyroid health in deficiency/context of goiter.

PubMed ID: 7781666

Radioiodine therapy trial shows strong, dose-dependent effects on thyroid disease (demonstrates iodine's major role in thyroid treatment/function).

PubMed ID: 7787438

Using methimazole+L-T4 around RAI reduced early hypothyroidism and sped recovery—relevant to management of iodine (radioiodine) therapy.

PubMed ID: 7883848

Single 200 mg oral iodized oil normalized thyroid tests and reduced goiter for ≈1 year—strong therapeutic effect for iodine-deficient adults.

PubMed ID: 7586602

Calculated vs fixed I-131 dosing gave similar euthyroidism/hypothyroidism rates—directly related to radioiodine thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 7829623

High-quality RCT in pregnancy: iodine (±T4) prevented maternal and neonatal thyroid enlargement and biochemical deficiency—direct and strong evidence.

PubMed ID: 7913934

Radioiodine therapy markedly affects thyroid status and is associated with risk of ophthalmopathy—relevant to thyroid outcomes (therapeutic iodine exposure).

PubMed ID: 8290458

Topical obstetric PVP-I associated with two transient neonatal TSH elevations (noted thyroid impact in neonates).

PubMed ID: 7900936

Oral iodine reduced goitre size and thyroid growth-stimulating antibodies in iodine-deficient patients (direct, strong effect).

PubMed ID: 8408456

Randomized trial: 200 µg/day iodine during pregnancy reduced pregnancy-associated increases in TSH, thyroglobulin, and thyroid size—direct thyroid support evidence.

PubMed ID: 8055799

Large survey documented low urine iodine and goiter prevalence, indicating population-level thyroid insufficiency that iodine supplementation could address.

PubMed ID: 1309390

Oral iodized oil corrected iodine deficiency and reduced goiter size for months — direct, strong evidence of thyroid support.

PubMed ID: 1304283

Iopanoic acid (iodine-containing) produced rapid early T3 decreases but delayed time to biochemical euthyroidism—demonstrates pharmacologic thyroid hormone effects of iodine-containing agents.

PubMed ID: 1283984

Antithyroid treatment relapse study noted high dietary iodine might raise relapse rates—epidemiologic link between iodine intake and thyroid disease course.

PubMed ID: 1439313

Small comparative study showed different effects of radioiodine vs surgery on exophthalmos—relates to outcomes of iodine-based thyroid treatments.

PubMed ID: 1284331

Randomized/comparative trial in iodine-deficiency goiter: iodine therapy produced marked goiter reduction and measurable endocrine effects—strong direct support.

PubMed ID: 2045463

Peri-radioiodine betamethasone altered antibody responses and reduced hypothyroidism at 1 year—shows interaction in radioiodine thyroid therapy outcomes.

PubMed ID: 1992028

Clinical trial showing radioactive iodine doses for remnant ablation in thyroid cancer—directly relevant to iodine's therapeutic thyroid uses.

PubMed ID: 21262066

Short‑term iodide (100–300 μg/day) increased urinary iodine and caused only minor transient thyroid changes — supports effect on thyroid iodine supply.

PubMed ID: 19692495

Daily iodide (80 μg/day) raised UIC and significantly lowered thyroglobulin — direct evidence for improving iodine status and reducing thyroid stress.

PubMed ID: 32183608

Prenatal MMN with 300 μg iodine improved maternal UIC and lowered thyroglobulin — direct thyroid benefit during pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 31006806

Antenatal MMN including iodine lowered maternal thyroglobulin (direct marker of improved iodine/thyroid status).

PubMed ID: 29210520

Pregnant women receiving MMN/SQ‑LNS with 250 μg iodine had higher maternal UIC (directly supports pregnancy thyroid iodine supply).

PubMed ID: 35983514

Large Chinese survey showing lower MUIC in pregnant women highlights risk and importance of iodine for thyroid function in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 26137616

Community quasi‑experiment: stopping iodized salt in high water‑iodine towns led to marked reductions in childhood goiter prevalence, directly demonstrating iodine's impact on thyroid pathology in populations.

PubMed ID: 24744318

Double‑fortified salt program raised urinary iodine population‑median and is relevant to programmatic thyroid support, though the trial focused on iron outcomes.

PubMed ID: 22170797

Population study found higher urinary iodine excretion and altered thyroid markers in cold-exposed groups, linking iodine turnover to thyroid activity.

PubMed ID: 37350581

Neonatal RCT: topical povidone‑iodine exposure associated with higher neonatal TSH vs chlorhexidine — clear perinatal thyroid effect.

PubMed ID: 14583417

Controlled kelp (iodine) supplementation in healthy adults produced dose‑dependent increases in urinary iodine and TSH and reduced total T3 at high dose — direct thyroid evidence.

PubMed ID: 35751777

Shows radioactive iodine therapy changed FT4 response to LT4 challenge at 1 month — directly relates to thyroid hormone kinetics and function post‑therapy.

PubMed ID: 33978160

Dietary intervention in preschoolers increased urinary iodine — directly demonstrates modifiable iodine intake which supports thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 40828321

Dietary replacement of meat with legumes lowered urinary iodine excretion — documents dietary impact on iodine status relevant to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 10075336

Fortified biscuits markedly improved urinary iodine in children — demonstrates effective improvement in iodine status relevant to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 11796083

Iodine‑fortified biscuits improved urinary iodine in schoolchildren — supports iodine provision for thyroid function in a population program.

PubMed ID: 20977661

Direct population data showing pregnant women with inadequate urinary iodine concentration — strong evidence linking iodine status to thyroid support in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 38818718

Multinutrient RCT increased urinary iodine significantly — demonstrates that supplementation changes iodine status relevant to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 17704033

Salt fortified with multiple micronutrients (including iodine) improved urinary iodine after 1 year — supports population iodine sufficiency.

PubMed ID: 30010835

Large cohort showed most pregnant women remained iodine‑deficient — highlights population thyroid substrate insufficiency risk.

PubMed ID: 35622137

Tailored advice raised iodine intake modestly — directly relevant to improving iodine substrate for thyroid hormones.

PubMed ID: 40930463

Sustainable‑diet intervention produced a ~26% reduction in dietary iodine intake—important evidence that dietary patterns materially change iodine exposure and potentially thyroid risk.

PubMed ID: 1449041

Randomized trial in children: oral iodide markedly reduced thyroid volume (~50% reductions) — strong direct evidence for iodine correcting endemic goitre.

PubMed ID: 7586593

Large randomized multicenter study: urinary iodide status modified response speed to methimazole in hyperthyroidism—clinically relevant iodine–thyroid interaction.

PubMed ID: 9011485

Randomized study in middle‑aged/older patients: iodide reduced thyroid size comparably to levothyroxine without inducing antibodies — high‑quality support.

PubMed ID: 9398711

Double‑blind RCT: low‑dose iodide reduced thyroid volume markedly but caused reversible thyroid dysfunction/autoimmunity in a minority — clear thyroidal impact.

PubMed ID: 9761130

Controlled dosing of molecular iodine vs iodide: short‑term high intake increased TSH and altered T4—direct physiologic thyroid effects.

PubMed ID: 9758438

Randomized double‑blind trial: iodide raised urinary iodine and reduced goitre but provoked transient autoimmunity/dysfunction in some — demonstrates potent thyroid effects with known risks.

PubMed ID: 11339007

Preoperative Lugol's iodine reduced thyroid parenchymal blood flow — practical thyroid management effect relevant to surgical care.

PubMed ID: 11256036

Combined levothyroxine+iodide regimens reduced goiter volume; contribution from iodide is supported though therapies were combined.

PubMed ID: 18996875

Fortified salt trials increased urinary iodine concentration in children—supports improved iodine status for thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 19653920

Microencapsulated potassium iodate in wheat biscuits significantly increased urinary iodine in women—clear improvement in iodine status relevant to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 21878580

Randomized study of high iodate exposure caused large MUIC rises and cases of transient hypo‑ and hyperthyroidism, showing strong physiological thyroid effects of excess iodine.

PubMed ID: 39871233

Program increased dietary iodine intake component — supports population thyroid sufficiency.

PubMed ID: 41021893

Adding lenvatinib to radioiodine increased ORR in metastatic DTC — directly involves iodine‑based therapy.

PubMed ID: 40543520

Trial directly evaluates postoperative radioiodine ablation (iodine therapy) in differentiated thyroid cancer — high relevance to iodine‑based thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 39547954

Study directly links levothyroxine benefit to iodine‑deficient patients — strong clinical relevance to iodine/thyroid interplay.

PubMed ID: 39307136

High‑quality randomized trial: addition of systemic I‑131 to levothyroxine after thyroidectomy improved efficacy and reduced 1‑year recurrence—directly concerns iodine (radioiodine) therapy and thyroid disease outcomes.

PubMed ID: 38228158

Large pregnancy secondary analysis measuring maternal urinary iodine concentration and child neurodevelopment—directly relevant to iodine status and thyroid‑related fetal development (results largely null for mild insufficiency).

PubMed ID: 37669005

Large ML study predicting response to I‑131 therapy and TSH suppression — directly relevant to outcomes of iodine‑based thyroid treatments (decision support rather than nutrition).

PubMed ID: 39509132

Phase‑3 trial: recombinant TSH before radioactive iodine produced similar ablation success with higher TSH and fewer hypothyroid symptoms and better lipids — relevant to thyroid management and symptom burden.

PubMed ID: 37079158

Population 24‑h urinary iodine showing widespread inadequate intake — direct public-health evidence that iodine supplementation is needed to support thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 37671703

Direct human data linking higher serum iodine to increased lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma — strong evidence that systemic iodine levels influence thyroid disease biology.

PubMed ID: 36415961

Large RCT comparing long‑term low‑dose methimazole vs radioactive iodine in toxic multinodular goitre — directly affects thyroid management; strong, high‑quality evidence on clinical thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 36514927

Study of low‑iodine dietary restriction before radioiodine therapy demonstrated effective lowering of urinary iodine; directly pertains to iodine intake modulation relevant to thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 35451359

Dietary addition increased urinary iodine excretion in children — direct biochemical evidence of increased iodine intake which supports thyroid hormone synthesis.

PubMed ID: 33620551

Double‑blind RCT: 150 µg/day iodine in mildly deficient pregnant women raised urinary iodine and lowered thyroglobulin—direct evidence for improving maternal thyroid substrate and function markers.

PubMed ID: 34651206

Oral iodine in preterm infants restored iodine levels and affected early thyroid hormones—relevant to neonatal thyroid support, though long‑term developmental benefit not shown.

PubMed ID: 34837522

Dietary substitution reducing animal protein decreased iodine intake and urinary excretion—evidence that diet strongly influences iodine status and thus thyroid substrate.

PubMed ID: 32427280

Large cohort evaluated neonatal T4 and congenital hypothyroidism screening after maternal exposure to iodinated contrast—direct neonatal thyroid function data related to iodine exposure.

PubMed ID: 32603613

Randomized trial in thyroid cancer comparing two I‑131 activities: demonstrates that radioiodine dosing (therapeutic iodine) had equivalent ablation/remission outcomes—relevant to thyroid therapeutic use.

PubMed ID: 32811342

Prospective randomized treatment of subclinical hyperthyroidism showed RAI often leads to hypothyroidism while methimazole maintained euthyroidism—direct thyroid function outcomes after iodine‑based therapy.

PubMed ID: 32433165

Randomized trial of I‑131 dosing strategies for hyperthyroidism: demonstrates direct, clinically important effects of therapeutic iodine on thyroid status (control rates and adverse ophthalmopathy).

PubMed ID: 31912649

Large iodized‑salt cluster‑RCT raised maternal/child UIC substantially — strong evidence that iodized salt supports iodine status and therefore thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 32160632

Pregnancy RCT comparing targeted vs universal dosing directly measured iodine insufficiency/excess — relevant to managing thyroid exposure in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 33198715

Community education significantly increased iodized‑salt use — supports improved population iodine intake affecting thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 33123091

Large RCT in pregnant women: daily 200 µg iodine substantially raised maternal UIC and produced measurable fT4 changes—direct effect on thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 31586293

Short‑course methimazole before I‑131 markedly increased RAI uptake and thyroid volume reduction—important modulation of thyroid therapy and function (treatment context).

PubMed ID: 30803411

Long‑term outcomes comparing antithyroid drug vs RAI in toxic multinodular goitre—direct thyroid function outcomes.

PubMed ID: 31083231

RAI dose study in Graves' disease directly relates to achieving thyroid cure—relevant to thyroid function outcomes.

PubMed ID: 30560716

Radioiodine dosing guided by uptake/thyroglobulin improved ablation success in thyroid cancer — relates to therapeutic radioiodine management of thyroid disease (context therapeutic, not nutritional).

PubMed ID: 31589645

Iodized salt or daily iodine capsules reduced maternal goiter/TSH and was associated with higher infant T4 — clear benefit to maternal and infant thyroid markers.

PubMed ID: 30929067

Iodine‑fortified toddler milk substantially increased iodine intake and UIC — improves iodine status that supports thyroid function in young children.

PubMed ID: 31689890

Pregnancy RCT: supplemental iodine raised UI, lowered thyroglobulin and limited thyroid enlargement — direct evidence for iodine improving maternal thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 29807824

Randomized equivalence trial: low‑dose radioactive iodine ablation (I‑131) effective — directly pertains to therapeutic use of iodine isotope in thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 29288501

Large RCT: dietary iodised salt during antithyroid drug therapy reduced 12‑month Graves' recurrence vs iodine restriction — direct, high‑relevance evidence for iodine impacting clinical thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 30501974

HiLo long‑term trial showing low‑dose radioactive iodine ablation non‑inferior for recurrence—direct evidence about therapeutic radioiodine use in thyroid disease management.

PubMed ID: 30019676

Pilot showing many pregnant women were iodine‑insufficient despite supplements—important data concerning thyroid iodine status in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 30272528

Randomized maternal iodine supplementation increased maternal UIC/BMIC—directly relevant to iodine supply for thyroid hormone production.

PubMed ID: 29546298

Dietary milk intervention significantly raised urinary iodine concentration (direct marker of iodine status relevant to thyroid hormone synthesis).

PubMed ID: 28401794

Radioiodine remnant ablation dosing (I‑131) directly pertains to therapeutic thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 28241419

Iodine‑fortified milk raised maternal UIC and BMIC, directly affecting iodine status relevant to thyroid hormone synthesis.

PubMed ID: 28901333

Paleolithic diet produced clinically meaningful iodine deficiency and lower FT3—strong evidence that dietary iodine affects thyroid hormones.

PubMed ID: 26955679

Combination herbal + reduced I‑131 altered rates of post‑treatment hypothyroidism—relates to outcomes of iodine (I‑131) therapy.

PubMed ID: 27121690

Lithium added to radioactive iodine therapy accelerated thyroxine decline—relevant to management of thyroid conditions involving iodine therapy.

PubMed ID: 26841373

Low-dose rhTSH markedly increased radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid — strong mechanistic evidence about modulation of thyroidal iodine uptake (relevant to thyroid management).

PubMed ID: 27757803

Radioiodine therapy trial in thyroid cancer demonstrated therapeutic dosing effects and fewer adverse reactions with lower activity — directly relevant to iodinated thyroid therapies.

PubMed ID: 27710914

Children with moderate iodine deficiency had higher oxidative stress and lower antioxidant capacity — supports adverse thyroid‑related physiology when iodine is inadequate.

PubMed ID: 29952487

Randomized trial of iodine in pregnancy produced a small but statistically significant reduction in neonatal TSH — direct evidence of effect on thyroid-related biomarker.

PubMed ID: 27145299

Large cluster-randomized iodized-salt intervention clearly increased urinary iodine concentration in children, demonstrating improvement in iodine status that supports thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 26891118

Randomized supplementation (150 μg/d) in mildly deficient adults robustly raised UIC and progressively lowered thyroglobulin — direct high‑quality support for iodine improving thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 26247661

Maternal iodine supplementation trial measured cord thyroglobulin (iodine status marker) and associations with development — directly relevant to thyroid status in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 26204202

Randomized trial in Graves' disease comparing radioiodine activities: direct, high‑quality evidence about iodine (radioiodine) therapy efficacy for thyroid disease.

PubMed ID: 26411504

Cluster‑randomized infant supplementation containing iodine showed no change in UIC/TSH in a setting with adequate iodized salt — directly tests nutritional iodine effects on thyroid markers.

PubMed ID: 26240230

Large randomized trial about radioiodine ablation strategies (rhTSH vs THW) and I‑131 activity — directly pertains to clinical management of thyroid disease (radioiodine context).

PubMed ID: 26203098

Randomized oral iodine (200 μg/day) in iodine‑deficient women increased urinary iodine and affected lipid profiles — direct evidence that dietary iodine affects iodine status and has downstream metabolic/thyroid implications.

PubMed ID: 25057878

Demonstrates that inhibition of maternal thyroidal iodine uptake (perchlorate) in iodine‑insufficient mothers greatly increases risk of poor neurocognitive outcomes in offspring — strong evidence linking iodine availability to thyroid function in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 24709026

Dietary intervention (New Nordic Diet) measurably increased iodine intake in children — increased iodine intake supports thyroid hormone synthesis and function.

PubMed ID: 24341527

rhTSH plus radioiodine altered long‑term thyroid volume and produced higher permanent hypothyroidism at higher dose—directly documents effects on thyroid status from interventions affecting radioiodine therapy.

PubMed ID: 24432992

Postoperative radioiodine ablation after thyroid surgery produced substantially better and earlier improvement in Graves' orbitopathy—study of radioiodine in thyroid disease management (clinical thyroid intervention).

PubMed ID: 24117002

Randomized study: daily 150 μg potassium iodide in pregnancy substantially increased urinary iodine and decreased proportion at risk of deficiency — direct evidence that oral KI supports maternal iodine status, underpinning thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 24622750

Maternal single 400 mg oral iodised oil post-delivery raised maternal and breastmilk iodine and sustained infant iodine status for ~6 months — strong evidence for maternal supplementation improving iodine supply critical for thyroid hormone synthesis in infants.

PubMed ID: 23631266

School lunches were associated with higher iodine intake in children — observational evidence that dietary programs can affect iodine exposure relevant to thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 22577172

rhTSH + I-131 for large goiters produced greater long-term goiter shrinkage but increased permanent hypothyroidism — strong direct evidence of iodine radioisotope effects on the thyroid (therapeutic context).

PubMed ID: 22551128

Randomized noninferiority trial: low‑dose radioiodine with thyrotropin effective for remnant ablation with fewer side effects — directly relevant to therapeutic iodine use in thyroid disease.

PubMed ID: 22953991

Adding lithium to low‑dose radioiodine increased remnant ablation success — supports manipulations of radioiodine therapy outcomes.

PubMed ID: 22205241

Randomized data in low‑risk differentiated thyroid cancer showing low‑activity (800 MBq) and high‑activity I‑131 produced comparable ablation—supports lower‑activity thyroid ablation strategies.

PubMed ID: 22124360

Large randomized trial showing differing I‑131 doses produce markedly different thyroid remnant ablation rates — direct, high‑relevance evidence about iodine (radioisotope) effects on thyroid tissue.

PubMed ID: 22551127

Large RCT showing low‑dose I‑131 with recombinant TSH is equivalent to higher dose for postoperative ablation in low‑risk thyroid cancer—direct thyroid management evidence.

PubMed ID: 23358401

Personalized dosimetric I‑131 approach cured nearly all Graves' patients while using less radioactivity—strong direct support for optimizing thyroid radioiodine therapy.

PubMed ID: 22760303

Large trial showed low administered activities of I‑131 achieve remnant ablation rates equivalent to higher doses—direct evidence about radioiodine use in thyroid cancer care.

PubMed ID: 22310249

Randomized comparison of two fixed I‑131 doses for Graves' disease showed similar remission rates with dose‑related hypothyroidism trends—directly informs thyroid treatment/dosing.

PubMed ID: 21512661

Randomized evidence that continuing methimazole until I‑131 markedly lowers radioiodine uptake and treatment success in Graves' disease—direct, high‑relevance thyroid therapy data.

PubMed ID: 21563916

Individualized I-131 dosing maintained normal thyroid function (~72% euthyroid) over 12 years—strong clinical evidence about radioiodine dosing and thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 21191313

Tailored radioiodine doses with selective low-dose antithyroid drugs produced higher rates of euthyroidism than standard dosing—direct clinical thyroid outcome.

PubMed ID: 21560845

Randomized trial showed higher-dose radioiodine cured hyperthyroidism faster and more often than lower dose—direct thyroid treatment outcome involving iodine (I-131).

PubMed ID: 21346067

Low-dose MR-rhTSH before 131-I increased goiter volume reduction at 6 months—demonstrates methods to enhance radioiodine effect on thyroid volume.

PubMed ID: 21751165

Lithium pre-treatment increased thyroid radioiodine uptake and improved early outcomes of 131-I therapy in patients with low baseline uptake—relevant to radioiodine therapy optimization.

PubMed ID: 21715542

Large randomized placebo-controlled trial: levothyroxine plus oral iodine significantly reduced thyroid nodule volume vs other arms—direct evidence of iodine affecting thyroid morphology/function in this therapeutic context.

PubMed ID: 20718174

Comparison of 131I dosing methods showed similar 12‑month thyroid outcomes — directly relevant to therapeutic iodine use.

PubMed ID: 20519346

rhTSH allowed much lower 131I doses while preserving goiter shrinkage — directly about radioiodine thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 20130863

LT4 markedly reduced contralateral goiter recurrence, with strongest effect in iodine‑deficient patients — direct thyroid/iodine relevance.

PubMed ID: 20151824

rhTSH preparation preserved QoL without reducing ablation success in thyroid cancer patients — relevant to thyroid cancer management strategies involving radioiodine.

PubMed ID: 20405165

RAI raised mean TSH but did not increase TAO in patients with mild/no baseline ophthalmopathy — relevant to safety of radioiodine in thyroid disease.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Large field trial showing household salt iodine concentration changes substantially altered urinary iodine — population‑level evidence for iodine provision and thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 21175612

Different antithyroid regimens around radioiodine affected early thyroid indices, required radioactivity, and 1‑year cure fraction — relevant to thyroid therapy management.

PubMed ID: 20392868

rhTSH vs withdrawal changed whole‑body radioiodine retention and organ doses — important for radioiodine therapy/thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 20702609

Iodine supplementation in deficient breastfeeding women raised maternal UIC and BMIC, directly affecting iodine status important for thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 21162685

Low‑iodine diet duration study showed change in urinary iodine and thyroid 131I uptake — directly relevant to thyroid preparation/iodine handling.

PubMed ID: 19800827

Randomized trial showing thyroid‑mass–based 131I dosing cures Graves' disease effectively while reducing administered activity and dose—direct, clinically relevant data on iodine therapy optimization.

PubMed ID: 19194213

Large randomized trial comparing radioiodine vs antithyroid drugs with major, clinically important effects on rates of euthyroidism, recurrence and hypothyroidism—strong evidence of iodine (radioiodine) altering thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 19403877

rhTSH given before radioiodine greatly increases thyroid radioactive iodine uptake—important mechanistic/clinical data about thyroid iodine handling and therapy planning.

PubMed ID: 19194214

Randomized comparison of I‑131 dosing protocols for toxic nodules demonstrating dose‑response in cure vs hypothyroidism—direct evidence on iodine isotope therapy effects on thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 19633072

Observational study in an iodine‑deficient region demonstrating larger thyroid volume and higher nodule prevalence linked to metabolic syndrome—directly implicates population iodine status and thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 19253734

Prior external radiotherapy slowed iodine clearance from thyroid remnants and reduced chance of successful ablation with first radioiodine treatment — affects radioiodine thyroid therapy kinetics.

PubMed ID: 18166819

Study in Graves' disease: radioiodine therapy associated with worse and less often resolving TSH-receptor autoimmunity vs medical/surgical therapy — directly relevant to thyroid outcomes with iodine-based therapy.

PubMed ID: 19074463

Low‑dose radioiodine effectively ablated thyroid remnants in low‑risk patients — clinical thyroid therapy outcome (not supplementation).

PubMed ID: 18344428

Study of pilocarpine for salivary symptoms after 131I therapy—relates to consequences of radioiodine treatment of the thyroid.

PubMed ID: 18803678

Using rhTSH preserved QoL compared with hypothyroid preparation without reducing ablation success—relevant to thyroid cancer radioiodine treatment strategy.

PubMed ID: 18399768

Direct public‑health iodine repletion: median UIC rose markedly, goiter prevalence fell from 99% to 2% and growth/puberty normalized—strong, direct evidence for restoring thyroid function in deficiency.

PubMed ID: 17609306

Randomized trial comparing 131I activities after rhTSH showing equivalent thyroid remnant ablation rates—directly relevant to clinical iodine (radioiodine) therapy management.

PubMed ID: 17264781

rhTSH preparation before 131I ablation reduced red‑marrow dose and altered remnant activity — relevant to radioiodine therapy planning and thyroid ablation strategies.

PubMed ID: 17953380

Perioperative protocol that included iodine preparation reduced intraoperative bleeding and complications for thyroid surgery — shows clinical benefit of iodine prep in thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 17299076

Adding radioiodine ablation after near‑total thyroidectomy produced significantly better Graves' orbitopathy and ablation outcomes — supports therapeutic iodine's role in thyroid disease management.

PubMed ID: 17609305

Direct large study of radioiodine therapy outcomes in Graves' disease showing rates of hypothyroidism/euthyroidism/hyperthyroidism (core thyroid effect).

PubMed ID: 18003667

Large cross‑sectional survey showed high goitre despite adequate UI, highlighting complex thyroid‑iodine dynamics.

PubMed ID: 17609407

Radioiodine normalized TSH and reduced thyroid volume vs laser—strong direct thyroid therapeutic evidence.

PubMed ID: 17921382

Large randomized trial in iodine‑deficient children showed decreases in TSH and thyroid volume with supplementation—direct thyroid evidence.

PubMed ID: 17718017

Double‑fortified salt corrected iodine deficiency and improved urinary iodine—direct support for thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 18232268

Iodized and double‑fortified salt interventions reduced iodine deficiency in trial participants—direct support for thyroid iodine supply.

PubMed ID: 17006839

Randomized comparison of two 131I doses in low‑risk thyroid cancer showed similar ablation outcomes, informing iodine therapy dosing (treatment‑relevant evidence).

PubMed ID: 16642482

Large cohort found self-reported goiter (proxy for iodine deficiency) associated with higher gastric cancer risk, supporting importance of correcting deficiency and thyroid-related pathology.

PubMed ID: 16864757

rhTSH before I‑131 increased goiter shrinkage but greatly raised permanent hypothyroidism risk—relevant to thyroid management and risks associated with iodine‑based therapy.

PubMed ID: 16791814

Multicenter experience with radioiodine ablation documents effective use of iodine‑131 in treating differentiated thyroid cancer—demonstrates therapeutic iodine application to thyroid disease (treatment context).

PubMed ID: 16340950

Iron+iodine treatment in adolescent girls doubled urinary iodine and increased total T4 — direct thyroid biomarker improvements.

PubMed ID: 16735487

Continuing methimazole reduced radioiodine uptake and tended to lower cure rates—directly affects radioiodine thyroid therapy.

PubMed ID: 16702330

Iodine‑fortified seasoning reduced urinary iodine deficiency in children — supports population thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 16400058

Iodized oil in deficient children raised urinary iodine and tT4 and corrected hypothyroxinemia—direct support for thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 16390021

Different fixed radioiodine doses for hyperthyroidism produced markedly different cure/hypothyroidism rates — relevant to therapeutic thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 15871016

Adjunct lithium prevented radioiodine‑induced hyperthyroid reactions during multinodular goitre treatment — relevant to therapeutic modulation of thyroid responses.

PubMed ID: 16384850

rhTSH vs hypothyroid preparation for radioiodine ablation: equivalent ablation with less radiation exposure and better wellbeing — relevant to thyroid function management.

PubMed ID: 16538734

Large randomized field trial: iodized salt produced dose‑dependent increases in urinary iodine — direct evidence of improving population iodine status, the key substrate for thyroid hormones.

PubMed ID: 15759147

Randomized trial found similar outcomes for oral vs IV radioactive iodide therapy for Graves'/autonomous nodules — relevant to therapeutic radioiodine dosing and thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 15879354

Randomized long‑term study of continuous methimazole vs radioiodine in toxic goiter — directly relevant to thyroid disease management and long‑term thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 16189259

Short‑course iopanoic acid rapidly prepared hyperthyroid patients for radioiodine without changing long‑term outcomes — relevant to pre‑treatment strategies in thyroid disease.

PubMed ID: 15476447

Methimazole pretreatment changed TRAb time‑course after radioiodine — meaningful immunologic/thyroid marker effects relevant to thyroid care.

PubMed ID: 15356044

Stopping antithyroid drug before radioiodine improved biochemical response and cure rates; pretreatment changed therapy effectiveness — relevant to thyroid management.

PubMed ID: 15008994

rhTSH+RAI produced greater goitre shrinkage but substantially increased hypothyroidism incidence — major clinical thyroid impact.

PubMed ID: 31537375

Adding dilute povidone‑iodine to intraoperative basins eliminated detectable bacterial contamination vs water — large immediate antimicrobial effect.

PubMed ID: 31575448

Dilute betadine lavage before closure significantly reduced early periprosthetic joint infections — strong clinical antiseptic effect.

PubMed ID: 31183443

Single‑use povidone‑iodine applicator achieved similar wound infection rates with much less solution — pragmatic evidence for antiseptic effectiveness.

PubMed ID: 31524943

Povidone‑iodine wound irrigation reduced superficial SSIs vs saline — supports local antiseptic role in reducing infections.

PubMed ID: 33319753

Large RCT showing differences in surgical-site infections when povidone‑iodine was used for vaginal cleansing (higher infections vs chlorhexidine) — relevant to topical infection control.

PubMed ID: 31470798

Povidone‑iodine produced a stronger immediate nasal bacterial kill vs benzalkonium chloride — direct antiseptic evidence relevant to infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 29995743

Large institutional analysis: vaginal povidone‑iodine policy associated with fewer cases of suspected neonatal sepsis → supports peripartum infection reduction.

PubMed ID: 30463785

Rectal washout with povidone‑iodine markedly reduced rectal mucosal bacterial contamination (RCT) → topical antiseptic effect relevant to infection control.

PubMed ID: 29446785

Salso‑bromo‑iodine nasal douches improved otitis media with effusion (antimicrobial/anti‑inflammatory effects).

PubMed ID: 30447348

Large RCT: preoperative vaginal 10% povidone-iodine significantly reduced post-cesarean infections (especially endometritis) — strong clinical infection-prevention evidence.

PubMed ID: 29482543

Periodontal therapy including povidone‑iodine reduced oral infection and produced systemic HbA1c effects (infection control).

PubMed ID: 29787732

Topical povidone‑iodine/dexamethasone sped adenoviral eradication (antiviral/antimicrobial effect).

PubMed ID: 29261737

Randomized trial: repeated povidone‑iodine eye drops significantly reduced conjunctival bacterial cultures → direct antiseptic/infection‑prevention evidence.

PubMed ID: 28161927

Preoperative povidone‑iodine nearly eradicated conjunctival bacteria—strong antiseptic effect relevant to host defence.

PubMed ID: 28549873

Topical povidone‑iodine was as effective as antifungal drops for otomycosis—supports local infection control utility.

PubMed ID: 28492198

Topical povidone‑iodine reduced S. mutans (antimicrobial effect).

PubMed ID: 28342227

Topical povidone‑iodine + steroid shortened adenoviral conjunctivitis and lowered viral titres—direct anti‑infective effect.

PubMed ID: 28578841

Povidone‑iodine nasal product produced large short‑term S. aureus decolonization—direct antiseptic/infection‑control evidence.

PubMed ID: 27707940

Topical tincture of iodine performed equivalently to chlorhexidine for blood culture prep—supports antiseptic role.

PubMed ID: 27049354

Preoperative vaginal cleansing with povidone-iodine lowered postoperative pain and CRP, consistent with reduced local infection/inflammation.

PubMed ID: 27533136

Large multicenter data show topical povidone-iodine before eye injection strongly prevents infection — direct antiseptic/anti-infective effect.

PubMed ID: 27550429

Povidone‑iodine intraoperative irrigation produced a large (≈90%) drop in ocular bacterial DNA and culture positivity — supports topical antimicrobial/host protection.

PubMed ID: 27984024

Povidone‑iodine performed comparably to topical antibiotics for bacterial keratitis in resource-limited settings — clinical antimicrobial efficacy.

PubMed ID: 25600198

Large eye‑injection dataset with near‑universal povidone-iodine use and low endophthalmitis rates, supporting topical iodine's role in infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 25840297

Large ophthalmic study: povidone–iodine irrigation produced the largest reduction in conjunctival bacterial load — direct antiseptic/anti-infective evidence (topical iodine).

PubMed ID: 25950231

RCT showed povidone-iodine rinses markedly reduced procedure-related bacteraemia — direct antimicrobial effect supporting infection-control/immune protection.

PubMed ID: 26374836

Use of topical povidone–iodine in exit‑site dressing reduced catheter‑site infections — direct clinical infection‑prevention evidence (topical iodine).

PubMed ID: 24992844

Preprocedural povidone‑iodine substantially reduced airborne/dental microbial counts—infection‑control benefit.

PubMed ID: 24915210

Large RCT: topical povidone‑iodine nasal application reduced deep surgical site infections vs mupirocin — direct antiseptic/anti‑infective benefit relevant to immune protection.

PubMed ID: 23416514

Topical 5% povidone‑iodine sharply reduced conjunctival bacterial counts—direct anti‑infective effect.

PubMed ID: 22218245

Topical antibiotic followed by 5% povidone‑iodine greatly reduced conjunctival flora — clinical evidence of microbial reduction.

PubMed ID: 22180155

Preoperative 10% povidone‑iodine drops markedly lowered ocular bacterial contamination — strong topical antiseptic effect.

PubMed ID: 23080269

Povidone‑iodine eye prep significantly reduced conjunctival bacteria — direct antiseptic/infection‑prevention evidence (local immune protection).

PubMed ID: 22740305

Low‑concentration povidone‑iodine + antibiotic reduced conjunctival flora comparably to 5% PVI — supports topical antimicrobial action.

PubMed ID: 21704290

Iodine-based skin prep was used in all patients; adding sealant reduced microbial contamination and SSI risk (supports infection‑prevention relevance).

PubMed ID: 21749169

Povidone-iodine irrigation in periodontal therapy reduced key periodontal pathogens and produced greater clinical improvement (direct topical antimicrobial effect).

PubMed ID: 20159703

125I brachytherapy markedly raised IFN-γ (anti-tumor immune marker) — immune effect in therapeutic context.

PubMed ID: 20578661

Regular topical 10% PVP‑I after dental rehab reduced cariogenic bacteria and caries relapse (oral antisepsis lowering infection risk).

PubMed ID: 20395917

5% povidone‑iodine eye drops provided similar inflammation/infection control to injection with less pain (ocular antisepsis).

PubMed ID: 20137430

Conjunctival irrigation with 2.5% povidone–iodine plus antibiotics substantially lowered conjunctival bacterial positivity—supports local infection control.

PubMed ID: 19167188

Preoperative povidone–iodine mouthwash produced a clear, short‑term reduction in oral bacterial counts—topical antimicrobial effect that can reduce infection risk locally.

PubMed ID: 19321576

School fortification including iodine improved urinary iodine and enhanced deworming effectiveness — indirect support for infection/parasite control.

PubMed ID: 19501409

Povidone-iodine ocular prep alone reduced conjunctival bacteria as effectively as antibiotic+PVI — supports antiseptic efficacy.

PubMed ID: 19922726

Iodine-impregnated dressing (Inadine) healed diabetic foot ulcers at similar rates and is an antiseptic dressing relevant to infection control.

PubMed ID: 20008710

Large multicenter protocol using povidone-iodine produced very low endophthalmitis rates — strong clinical antiseptic evidence.

PubMed ID: 19492956

When used as part of standard prep, povidone-iodine lowered conjunctival bacteria comparably — supports role in pre-op antisepsis.

PubMed ID: 19969216

Povidone-iodine eye prep nearly eliminated conjunctival bacteria before surgery — strong antiseptic effect relevant to infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 19626807

Large RCT showed chlorhexidine > povidone-iodine for skin prep, but both are antiseptics relevant to infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 18454914

Intraoperative povidone-iodine irrigation reduced postoperative wound infections — direct antiseptic infection-prevention evidence.

PubMed ID: 18794427

Adding sealant after povidone-iodine skin prep reduced intraoperative wound contamination — supports role in reducing microbial contamination.

PubMed ID: 18389675

Povidone‑iodine mouthwash reduced local inflammatory cytokines and gingivitis—direct antimicrobial/anti‑inflammatory effect supporting local immune defense.

PubMed ID: 17932841

Povidone‑iodine (topical iodine) markedly reduced conjunctival bacterial cultures — direct antimicrobial effect supporting immune/antiseptic action.

PubMed ID: 18055489

Povidone‑iodine eye drops at birth significantly reduced neonatal conjunctivitis vs erythromycin/no prophylaxis (direct antiseptic infection prevention).

PubMed ID: 17309589

Pre‑scaling povidone‑iodine rinse sharply reduced oral bacteremia incidence and magnitude (reduces systemic infection risk).

PubMed ID: 17002741

Postop oral care including povidone‑iodine reduced oral bacterial species and was associated with fewer adverse pulmonary findings (infection risk reduction).

PubMed ID: 17010869

Povidone‑iodine ocular prep markedly reduced conjunctival bacterial counts and anterior chamber contamination (antiseptic infection control).

PubMed ID: 16540962

RCT showed regular oropharyngeal povidone‑iodine markedly reduced ventilator‑associated pneumonia incidence (strong infection‑prevention evidence).

PubMed ID: 12919759

Povidone‑iodine reduced external connector contamination more than isopropyl alcohol, reflecting antiseptic protection of vascular access sites.

PubMed ID: 31288354

Conjunctival 5% PVP‑I markedly lowered bacterial conjunctival culture rates.

PubMed ID: 30801820

5‑minute povidone‑iodine surgical scrub substantially reduced skin bacterial counts versus painting.

PubMed ID: 31567357

Appendiceal irrigation with povidone‑iodine showed probable reduction in intra‑abdominal abscesses and shorter LOS (pilot RCT).

PubMed ID: 32011378

Iodinated antimicrobial surgical drape RCT reduced intraoperative contamination (infection prevention).

PubMed ID: 31983237

Povidone‑iodine provided better antisepsis than proparacaine during intravitreal injection setup in small RCT.

PubMed ID: 32108161

Povidone‑iodine urethral irrigation RCT markedly reduced post‑procedural UTIs — direct infection‑prevention evidence.

PubMed ID: 33654316

Topical povidone‑iodine eye drops shortened adenoviral conjunctivitis and reduced complications—clinically meaningful local anti‑infective benefit.

PubMed ID: 34479668

RCT shows single povidone‑iodine mouthwash produced a large short‑term reduction in salivary SARS‑CoV‑2 RNA (strong antiseptic/antiviral effect).

PubMed ID: 33864917

Large cluster RCT: povidone‑iodine throat spray significantly reduced SARS‑CoV‑2 infection rates — strong immune/antiviral effect.

PubMed ID: 34102153

Single 5% povidone‑iodine eye wash reduced adenoviral load and accelerated symptom recovery vs artificial tears.

PubMed ID: 34561086

Povidone‑iodine mouthrinses produced large, rapid reductions in salivary SARS‑CoV‑2 viral load (direct topical antiviral effect).

PubMed ID: 34680134

Molecular iodine (I2) given with chemotherapy induced intratumoral Th1/IFNγ and increased CD8/NK markers — evidence of immune activation.

PubMed ID: 32947383

Preop 10% povidone‑iodine + levofloxacin markedly reduced conjunctival bacterial culture positivity — topical antimicrobial effect.

PubMed ID: 33421560

Intraoperative subcutaneous povidone‑iodine markedly reduced surgical-field and Cutibacterium acnes contamination → lowers infection risk (direct antiseptic effect).

PubMed ID: 36006040

Intrarectal povidone‑iodine + needle formalin significantly reduced infectious complications after prostate biopsy (direct infection-prevention evidence).

PubMed ID: 36443363

Routine PVP‑I gargling increased salivary SARS‑CoV‑2 clearance and reduced viral infectivity in mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 (clear clinical antiviral benefit).

PubMed ID: 35905275

Povidone‑iodine mouthwash produced short‑term reductions in salivary SARS‑CoV‑2 viral RNA (within‑group) — supports transient antiseptic/antiviral effect relevant to infection control.

PubMed ID: 36007135

Nasal irrigation (including povidone‑iodine) in early COVID patients associated with markedly fewer hospitalizations and faster symptom resolution — antiseptic pathogen reduction effect.

PubMed ID: 36244384

Large trial showed aqueous povidone‑iodine produced similar SSI rates to chlorhexidine for open fractures — supports povidone‑iodine as a relevant antiseptic for infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 35271958

Human randomized study: alcoholic povidone‑iodine produced >3 log reductions in skin bacteria—clear antiseptic effect.

PubMed ID: 36158118

0.1% povidone‑iodine oral care reduced oropharyngeal bacterial load and was associated with lower VAP incidence in an RCT—relevant to infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 37815935

Large cluster RCT: nasal povidone‑iodine (with chlorhexidine bathing) reduced infection‑related hospital transfers — direct evidence that povidone‑iodine decolonization lowers infection burden.

PubMed ID: 36973223

Randomized trial: 1% PVP‑I nasal irrigation reduced nasopharyngeal SARS‑CoV‑2 RNA — direct antiseptic/antiviral effect relevant to infection control.

PubMed ID: 36608799

Randomized open‑spine surgery trial: dilute PVP‑I irrigation dramatically lowered SSI vs saline+gentamicin — robust antiseptic benefit.

PubMed ID: 38741134

Large RCT: expanded periurethral PVP‑I cleansing halved CAUTI incidence — strong clinical infection‑prevention evidence.

PubMed ID: 39033201

Single intranasal PVP‑I strongly reduced nasal bacterial bioburden for hours — supports local antimicrobial defence.

PubMed ID: 38305374

Randomized peri‑implant mucositis trial: 2%/10% povidone‑iodine irrigation improved gingival inflammation/bleeding—local infection/inflammation control.

PubMed ID: 38358547

Emergency‑laparotomy antiseptic bundle that included PVP‑I substantially lowered wound infections — supports PVP‑I's role in infection control within bundles.

PubMed ID: 38477800

Repeated 1% povidone‑iodine ocular prep reduced conjunctival bacteria effectively—topical antimicrobial benefit.

PubMed ID: 40408178

Catheter trial showed hypochlorous outperformed PVP‑I for BSIs — indicates clinical relevance of PVP‑I as an antiseptic comparator.

PubMed ID: 40102985

Adding topical antibiotic to PVP‑I before cataract surgery greatly reduced intraoperative aqueous contamination.

PubMed ID: 41313472

Povidone‑iodine mouthwash produced similar early antiseptic outcomes to chlorhexidine after implant placement (oral antisepsis evidence).

PubMed ID: 40995906

Povidone‑iodine + steroid markedly lowered recurrence and infiltrates in viral corneal disease—antiseptic therapeutic benefit.

PubMed ID: 41378836

0.5% PVP‑I irrigation was non‑inferior to antibiotic drops for CSOM — topical antimicrobial effect.

PubMed ID: 40864462

Iodine‑impregnated drapes halved contamination and reduced device infections — strong infection‑prevention evidence.

PubMed ID: 40145486

5% iodine–potassium iodide produced strong antibacterial reduction in root canals (robust local antimicrobial effect).

PubMed ID: 41628126

Oral iodine increased IFN‑I and ISG expression and shortened ICU stays in exploratory analyses (antiviral/innate immune signal).

PubMed ID: 11096195

Povidone‑iodine liposome hydrogel improved wound healing and showed stronger microbicidal activity—direct topical antimicrobial/immune-supportive effect.

PubMed ID: 11007407

Preoperative intraoral povidone‑iodine markedly and durably reduced oral bacterial counts—direct antimicrobial effect supporting local immune defense.

PubMed ID: 11686823

Topical povidone‑iodine in periodontal pockets reduced infection/inflammation and improved clinical outcomes—direct antiseptic immune benefit.

PubMed ID: 11239859

Povidone‑iodine in cataract surgery reduced positive intraocular cultures (infection prevention effect).

PubMed ID: 11340513

Periocular povidone‑iodine markedly reduced conjunctival bacterial colonization (direct antiseptic/infection‑risk reduction).

PubMed ID: 12429243

Povidone‑iodine ophthalmic solution showed clinical equivalence to antibiotic for bacterial conjunctivitis (antimicrobial benefit).

PubMed ID: 11943036

Oral care programs that sometimes used povidone‑iodine swabs significantly reduced pneumonia incidence in nursing‑home residents (infection prevention).

PubMed ID: 12903918

Povidone‑iodine oral cleansing reduced respiratory pathogen carriage—direct antiseptic/antimicrobial effect relevant to local immune defense.

PubMed ID: 12543744

Pre‑op 5% povidone‑iodine markedly reduced conjunctival bacterial counts vs 1%—supports topical antimicrobial action that can aid infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 14568795

Topical povidone‑iodine ear drops were as effective as ciprofloxacin with no resistance—supports local antimicrobial/immune protection.

PubMed ID: 15198760

Large RCT: vaginal povidone‑iodine gel reduced pelvic abscesses and lowered postoperative infections — antiseptic immune effect.

PubMed ID: 14971530

RCT: preoperative vaginal povidone‑iodine douching reduced overall infectious morbidity after hysterectomy.

PubMed ID: 15525622

RCT: povidone‑iodine gargle eliminated pharyngeal bacteria and prevented tube contamination — strong topical antimicrobial evidence.

PubMed ID: 16133077

Diluted povidone‑iodine irrigation in spinal surgery markedly reduced deep surgical infections — strong evidence for antiseptic infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 15710810

Conjunctival irrigation with 5% povidone‑iodine produced fewer positive cultures than drops — direct antiseptic effect lowering microbial burden.

PubMed ID: 16094267

RCT: dilute povidone‑iodine irrigation eliminated spinal surgical infections — strong topical antimicrobial evidence (not systemic supplementation).

PubMed ID: 16856899

Povidone with debridement changed antibody titres/avidity against periodontal pathogens — shows immune modulation at mucosal sites.

PubMed ID: 17099376

Povidone‑iodine spray + antibiotics markedly reduced PEG stomal infections — strong antiseptic/immune‑protection effect.

PubMed ID: 12771597

Iodinated-alcohol antiseptic hub significantly reduced hub colonization and hub-related bloodstream infections (direct infection-prevention evidence).

PubMed ID: 12502993

Iodophor-in-alcohol skin prep (DuraPrep) produced much lower skin and catheter colonization than aqueous povidone‑iodine (infection-reduction relevance).

PubMed ID: 12011520

Povidone‑iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol had similar modest catheter/skin colonization rates—relevant to infection control comparisons.

PubMed ID: 12138980

Alcoholic tincture of iodine had very low blood culture contamination (~1.4%) similar to chlorhexidine -> effective skin antisepsis for blood draws.

PubMed ID: 11354452

Additional toe scrubbing including povidone-iodine markedly reduced intraoperative recolonization -> lower operative contamination risk.

PubMed ID: 8493946

Large trial: povidone-containing PREP method halved blood-culture contamination vs conventional prep -> reduces pathogen introduction risk.

PubMed ID: 2293938

One‑step iodophor‑in‑alcohol prep reduced bacteria as well as two‑step prep—supports topical infection control.

PubMed ID: 9524624

Second report of same randomized trial confirming large mucositis reductions with povidone‑iodine rinses.

PubMed ID: 15090951

Alcohol-containing povidone‑iodine protocol markedly lowered catheter colonization and catheter-related infections in ICU patients.

PubMed ID: 15085323

Combined chlorhexidine/propanol then povidone‑iodine greatly reduced catheter-tip colonization (supports local infection prevention).

PubMed ID: 23585422

Povidone-iodine markedly reduced hand bacterial counts vs soap — supports reduction in microbial burden.

PubMed ID: 26388532

Large ICU RCT measured catheter-related infection reduction vs povidone-iodine; directly relevant to infection prevention (immune-related outcome).

PubMed ID: 26781394

Reapplication protocol that included iodophor reduced superficial SSIs — direct effect on surgical infections.

PubMed ID: 28453340

Povidone‑iodine prep markedly reduced skin culture positivity vs chlorhexidine in hand surgery, supporting local infection-control (immune-related) benefit.

PubMed ID: 28963158

Sequential PVI then chlorhexidine reduced wound contamination vs PVI twice — supports antiseptic effect against pathogens.

PubMed ID: 28277409

Iodine-alcohol failed noninferiority to chlorhexidine-alcohol for SSI in colorectal surgery, bearing on antiseptic effectiveness for infection control.

PubMed ID: 29799871

Economic/clinical analysis found higher catheter infections and costs with PVI vs chlorhexidine — informative about comparative infection outcomes.

PubMed ID: 29373294

Chlorhexidine-alcohol plus drape markedly reduced suture contamination compared with povidone-iodine — relevant to infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 31238121

Arthroplasty trial showed fewer SSIs and PJIs with iodine-alcohol vs chlorhexidine — clinically meaningful infection reduction.

PubMed ID: 33539734

Large RCT showing major differences in catheter colonisation/local infection with povidone‑iodine+alcohol vs chlorhexidine+alcohol — relevant to infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 38504751

5% povidone‑iodine markedly reduced conjunctival bacteria in cataract patients — direct antiseptic effect supporting infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 38884982

Duplicate entry note: (same strong noninferiority evidence for antiseptic infection prevention).

PubMed ID: 39531051

Large cardiac surgery RCT found similar SSI/reoperation rates with povidone‑iodine vs chlorhexidine — supports role of iodine antisepsis in infection control.

PubMed ID: 38294973

Cluster RCT found iodine‑in‑alcohol reduced SSIs in closed fractures vs chlorhexidine — supports infection‑prevention role.

PubMed ID: 30307816

Povidone‑iodine significantly reduced bacterial bioburden in chronic wounds — direct topical antimicrobial effect relevant to infection control.

PubMed ID: 29450988

Iodine‑rich thermal water reduced URTI duration, antibiotic use and improved cough QOL vs saline — clinical immune/respiratory benefit.

PubMed ID: 9403257

Povidone‑iodine mouth rinse markedly reduced radiochemotherapy mucositis incidence/severity (protects mucosal infection/inflammation).

PubMed ID: 15273638

Iodine–potassium–iodide intracanal dressing reduced residual microbes in root‑canal procedures (microbiological effect).

PubMed ID: 22841431

Iodoform‑containing pomade on sutures markedly lowered bacterial colonization — topical antimicrobial effect.

PubMed ID: 23680628

Preoperative povidone‑iodine (10%) greatly reduced conjunctival bacterial load — strong antiseptic evidence.

PubMed ID: 23988041

Povidone‑iodine substantially lowered conjunctival bacteria preop — supports topical infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 1310096

Povidone‑iodine mouthrinse reduced plaque/gingivitis vs placebo — topical antimicrobial oral benefit.

PubMed ID: 16502051

Povidone-iodine rectal lavage matched antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infective complications (topical antiseptic effect).

PubMed ID: 38988895

Povidone‑iodine gargling raised SARS‑CoV‑2 CT values (reduced detectable virus) in mild/asymptomatic patients (topical antiviral effect).

PubMed ID: 38244239

Large prospective study found povidone‑iodine in intraoperative irrigation sharply reduced postoperative infections (strong antiseptic/infection‑control evidence).

PubMed ID: 2085577

Multicenter RCT: povidone-iodine exit-site care markedly reduced exit-site infection rates vs soap/water.

PubMed ID: 1701507

Topical povidone-iodine improved adenoviral conjunctivitis severity in a randomized study (antimicrobial/antiinfective effect).

PubMed ID: 2210982

Randomized trial: povidone-iodine enema + antibiotic greatly lowered post-biopsy bacteriuria/bacteraemia.

PubMed ID: 2336314

Association between povidone-iodine skin prep and lower blood culture contamination rates reported.

PubMed ID: 2043077

Povidone-iodine immersion reduced donor-eye microbial contamination comparably to antibiotic rinse.

PubMed ID: 1762298

Topical povidone-iodine ointment substantially reduced catheter-site infections and septicemia, supporting antimicrobial/ infection-prevention effects.

PubMed ID: 1802182

RCT: Betadine (povidone-iodine) connection shield dramatically reduced catheter sepsis.

PubMed ID: 8348786

Maternal iodine–fluoride mouth solution gave short-term reductions in maternal oral bacteria (limited systemic effect).

PubMed ID: 8290450

Topical PVP-I ointment markedly reduced exit-site infections and bacteraemia (strong antiseptic effect).

PubMed ID: 8290458

Obstetric PVP-I cream reduced vulval/vaginal bacteria without lasting maternal/neonatal thyroid dysfunction (moderate local antimicrobial benefit).

PubMed ID: 7977595

Single 2.5% PVP-I drop at birth produced large reduction in conjunctival CFU with low toxicity (neonatal infection prevention).

PubMed ID: 7838190

Large RCT: povidone-iodine eye drops at birth reduced infectious conjunctivitis—direct antimicrobial/prophylactic effect.

PubMed ID: 7560572

Povidone-iodine oral irrigation lowered bacteremia after dental procedures—direct infection-reduction evidence.

PubMed ID: 8525411

Povidone-iodine vaginal scrub markedly reduced vaginal bacterial colonization (topical antiseptic effect relevant to infection control).

PubMed ID: 9159313

Randomized trial: regular povidone‑iodine at PD catheter sites markedly reduced exit‑site and S. aureus infections—strong antiseptic/immune-protective evidence.

PubMed ID: 9403262

Povidone‑iodine (Betadine) greatly reduced recoverable HSV from cold‑sore lesions—direct antimicrobial effect.

PubMed ID: 9921943

Povidone‑iodine gel sealing markedly reduced postoperative wound infections in high‑risk hepatobiliary surgery (direct infection reduction).

PubMed ID: 9830286

Povidone‑iodine markedly reduced bacterial and fungal contamination preoperatively — strong topical antimicrobial evidence.

PubMed ID: 10460041

Large trial: iodine tincture for skin antisepsis reduced blood‑culture contamination vs povidone‑iodine—supports topical infection control.

PubMed ID: 10219640

Povidone‑iodine performed adequately vs octenidine at urethral meatus with better tolerability—topical antimicrobial relevance.

PubMed ID: 10386022

Nasal povidone‑iodine inhalation plus gargling cleared pathogenic pharyngeal bacteria much more than gargling alone—reduces pathogen load relevant to mucosal immune protection.

PubMed ID: 10029961

Topical 10% povidone‑iodine on baby teeth reduced early childhood caries—antimicrobial effect in oral cavity.

PubMed ID: 31401340

Single 5% PVP‑I ophthalmic application was well tolerated and used for presumed viral conjunctivitis (antiseptic/antiviral application).

PubMed ID: 31344339

Iodine‑impregnated tampon after wisdom tooth removal reduced pain/swelling and early postop morbidity (infection/inflammation control).

PubMed ID: 30652764

Topical moxifloxacin + 5% povidone‑iodine produced synergistic reduction of conjunctival flora — supports combined antiseptic/antibiotic infection control.

PubMed ID: 38294973

Cluster RCT found iodine‑alcohol reduced SSIs in closed fractures — directly relevant to skin/surgical site outcomes.

PubMed ID: 38884982

Large RCT: povidone‑iodine in alcohol noninferior to chlorhexidine for preventing SSIs — direct evidence for skin antisepsis and surgical site protection.

PubMed ID: 36384686

Hip arthroplasty prep: iodine‑alcohol lowered immediate post‑prep culture positivity vs chlorhexidine — direct topical skin health effect.

PubMed ID: 36049573

Volunteer trial: strong short‑term skin bacterial reduction with povidone‑iodine+alcohol (supports topical skin antimicrobial effect).

PubMed ID: 35129525

Large multicenter RCT: povidone‑iodine–alcohol was non‑inferior to chlorhexidine–alcohol for SSI, indicating clinically relevant skin antisepsis.

PubMed ID: 33539734

Large RCT showing povidone‑iodine+alcohol had much higher catheter colonisation/local infection rates than chlorhexidine+alcohol — directly informs antiseptic skin preparation performance.

PubMed ID: 32553191

Povidone‑iodine had higher 30‑day SSI than olanexidine in clean‑contaminated surgery — directly about skin prep and wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 31739120

Warming povidone-iodine reduced surgical infections in a cohort, suggesting a modifiable skin-prep parameter affecting outcomes.

PubMed ID: 31238121

Iodine-alcohol prep associated with significantly lower SSI and prosthetic joint infection rates vs chlorhexidine-alcohol in joint replacement — strong clinical relevance to skin/wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 28072611

Povidone-iodine reduced eyelid bacterial counts by ~96.6% — clear local skin/skin-adjacent antimicrobial effect.

PubMed ID: 29373294

Chlorhexidine-alcohol plus adhesive drape markedly reduced Propionibacterium acnes suture contamination compared with povidone-iodine — relevant to prevention of skin flora contamination.

PubMed ID: 28599898

Large cesarean randomized trial found no clear difference vs chlorhexidine — clinically relevant to skin preparation.

PubMed ID: 28277409

Iodine-alcohol failed noninferiority to chlorhexidine-alcohol for preventing SSI in colorectal surgery — important data about topical iodine prep performance on skin/wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 28963158

Sequential application of povidone-iodine then chlorhexidine reduced post-disinfection wound contamination vs povidone-iodine alone — directly about skin prep effectiveness.

PubMed ID: 27995837

Chlorhexidine scrub and waterless hand rub lowered surgical staff hand bacteria more than povidone-iodine scrub — skin antisepsis implication.

PubMed ID: 27147783

Combining alcohol/phenol with povidone‑iodine gave less early wound redness/swelling/pain vs povidone‑iodine alone — relevant to wound/skin outcomes.

PubMed ID: 27225607

Alcohol+benzalkonium reduced skin bacteria around epidural sites more than povidone-iodine — skin microbial outcome relevant.

PubMed ID: 28453340

Hand‑surgery RCT: povidone‑iodine and one alcohol prep produced far fewer positive post‑prep skin cultures than chlorhexidine — direct support for skin antisepsis/health.

PubMed ID: 26564292

Multicenter randomized comparison; chlorhexidine tended to fewer SSIs than povidone-iodine (not significant) — still relevant to skin outcome comparisons.

PubMed ID: 26065506

Povidone-iodine eye drops reduced bacterial colonization in newborn eyes similarly to antibiotic — topical skin/adnexal surface benefit.

PubMed ID: 26781394

Reapplication protocol that included povidone-iodine reduced superficial surgical-site infection — direct improvement in skin wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 26551196

Cesarean delivery RCT: povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine preps produced similar postoperative wound infection rates — relevant to skin outcomes after surgery.

PubMed ID: 26388532

Large ICU RCT comparing povidone-iodine vs chlorhexidine in catheter-site care — direct data on catheter-related infection (skin/device-site outcome).

PubMed ID: 25372452

Prostate surgery RCT showed similar SSI rates for povidone-iodine vs chlorhexidine — demonstrates povidone-iodine is an effective skin antiseptic in that setting.

PubMed ID: 25465773

Iodine glycerin cream significantly lowered mucositis severity and healing time — strong evidence for beneficial topical/mucosal effects.

PubMed ID: 23585422

Alcohol rub and povidone-iodine scrub reduced bacteria on nurses' hands far more than plain soap — relevant to skin hygiene.

PubMed ID: 18417894

Povidone‑iodine mouthwash reduced/delayed radiation-induced oral mucositis severity (mucosal/skin health benefit).

PubMed ID: 17901735

PVP‑iodine liposome hydrogel healed partial-thickness burns faster with better cosmetic results than silver sulfadiazine (robust topical benefit).

PubMed ID: 16483699

Iodoform-containing paste hastened dental socket healing in HIV-positive patients (topical healing evidence in compromised hosts).

PubMed ID: 16837138

Phase III randomized trial: PVP‑iodine hydrogel significantly accelerated epithelialization and reduced graft loss vs control (strong skin-healing evidence).

PubMed ID: 15866959

DuraPrep (iodophor) had intermediate efficacy for foot/ankle prep (evidence of topical antimicrobial benefit though not maximal).

PubMed ID: 12502993

Iodophor-in-alcohol skin prep produced far lower immediate skin bacterial counts and catheter colonization than aqueous povidone‑iodine (improves local skin condition/infection risk).

PubMed ID: 11354452

Additional povidone-iodine scrubbing of toe clefts reduced intraoperative recolonization -> better skin surface control in surgical field.

PubMed ID: 2293938

One‑step iodophor‑in‑alcohol prep reduced bacteria equivalently and improved drape adhesion—supports skin prep efficacy.

PubMed ID: 9403257

Povidone‑iodine mouth rinse markedly reduced mucositis (mucosal/skin‑like tissue protective effect).

PubMed ID: 41694532

Diluted povidone‑iodine sitz baths greatly reduced perianal infections during chemotherapy — strong topical skin benefit.

PubMed ID: 40864462

Iodine‑impregnated drapes reduced pocket contamination and infections — wound/skin protection effect.

PubMed ID: 41240133

Povidone‑iodine irrigation worsened ocular surface metrics versus chlorhexidine (demonstrates topical PVP‑I can transiently harm mucocutaneous surface).

PubMed ID: 40334990

PVP‑I irrigation cut superficial bacterial residues in spine surgery (superficial skin/soft tissue effect).

PubMed ID: 38358547

Antiseptic bundle including PVP‑I substantially reduced SSI after emergency laparotomy — clinically meaningful skin/wound outcome.

PubMed ID: 36608799

Marked reduction in surgical‑site infections with dilute povidone‑iodine irrigation in spine surgery — strong wound‑care/skin‑health benefit.

PubMed ID: 35271958

Alcoholic povidone‑iodine with friction produced >3 log reductions in skin bacteria in humans—direct topical skin antisepsis evidence.

PubMed ID: 33421560

Subcutaneous povidone‑iodine substantially reduced bacterial contamination of the surgical field (directly relevant to wound/skin antisepsis).

PubMed ID: 32862256

Iodine‑containing tampon in extraction sockets reduced pain and improved early oral‑health QoL (wound/sequelae improvement).

PubMed ID: 33475533

Povidone‑iodine irrigation after third‑molar extraction reduced swelling and trismus — clear local tissue/healing benefit.

PubMed ID: 32011378

Iodinated antimicrobial drape reduced intraoperative contamination in knee surgery — supports skin/SSI protection.

PubMed ID: 30801820

Povidone‑iodine surgical scrub markedly reduced groin skin bacterial counts compared with painting.

PubMed ID: 31288354

Conjunctival 5% PVP‑I efficiently reduced ocular surface bacteria with acceptable transient epithelial effects.

PubMed ID: 31344339

Iodine tampon after tooth extraction reduced local swelling/pain and improved oral‑QoL—topical mucocutaneous benefit.

PubMed ID: 31575448

Dilute betadine lavage before closure reduced early joint infections — improved wound outcomes tied to topical iodine use.

PubMed ID: 31240513

2% topical povidone‑iodine nail solution improved cancer therapy–associated paronychia severity and pain versus vehicle — directly benefits periungual skin/nail health.

PubMed ID: 31524943

Subcutaneous wound irrigation with povidone‑iodine during gynecologic surgery reduced superficial SSI — supports better surgical skin outcomes.

PubMed ID: 30720444

Cadexomer iodine greatly reduced chronic ulcer size and increased complete healing vs standard care — strong evidence for topical iodine improving wound healing/skin outcomes.

PubMed ID: 28549873

Topical povidone‑iodine performed comparably to clotrimazole for otomycosis—supports topical iodine use for skin/epithelial infections.

PubMed ID: 28492198

Topical povidone‑iodine reduced oral bacteria; topical antiseptic relevance to skin/mucosal health.

PubMed ID: 27550429

Dilute povidone‑iodine irrigation in cataract surgery markedly reduced ocular surface bacterial load without corneal cell harm — strong topical antiseptic benefit.

PubMed ID: 26374836

Topical povidone–iodine dressing lowered catheter exit‑site infections — clinically relevant to skin infection prevention and local skin health.

PubMed ID: 25022299

Povidone‑iodine skin preparation performed comparably to a microbial sealant in cardiac surgery and no SSIs observed—supports topical antiseptic utility for skin/wound care.

PubMed ID: 22395586

Combination of tea tree oil plus organically bound iodine cleared molluscum lesions in most children versus either alone—strong topical skin benefit from iodine product combination.

PubMed ID: 22132709

Topical MEBO vs povidone‑iodine for burns shortened wound healing time and reduced pain—directly relevant to skin healing outcomes in comparison to iodine prep.

PubMed ID: 21749169

Povidone-iodine irrigation during periodontal therapy delivered greater clinical improvement and reduced periodontal pathogens—topical iodine benefit to mucosal/skin-related tissue health.

PubMed ID: 20636550

Large RCT showed cadexomer iodine dressings heal chronic leg ulcers at rates comparable to silver dressings—direct topical benefit for wound/skin health.

PubMed ID: 20970963

Low‑concentration povidone–iodine irrigation during dental surgery reduced postoperative swelling—supports topical anti‑inflammatory/antiseptic effects relevant to skin/soft‑tissue recovery.

PubMed ID: 19922726

Randomized trial comparing iodine-impregnated dressing for diabetic foot ulcers — direct relevance to wound/skin healing.

PubMed ID: 18839655

Povidone‑iodine and comparator healed surgical wounds similarly, with more induration after povidone‑iodine — mixed effect on wound characteristics.

PubMed ID: 18935732

Povidone‑iodine–based wound dressing gave similar healing times to honey—evidence of topical iodine in wound care.

PubMed ID: 18176213

Povidone‑iodine shower significantly reduced staphylococcal skin colonization before elective surgery—direct topical skin benefit.

PubMed ID: 19187664

Povidone‑iodine irrigation reduced conjunctival bacteria—supports ocular surface health.

PubMed ID: 18291465

Chlorhexidine followed by povidone‑iodine eliminated detectable skin bacteria pre‑neurosurgery—strong evidence for topical iodine formulation improving skin antisepsis.

PubMed ID: 18389675

Povidone‑iodine mouthwash reduced oral inflammatory indices—topical iodine improving mucosal/skin‑adjacent health.

PubMed ID: 17605253

Study compared wound dressings; povidone‑iodine gauze was comparator for burn wound management and bacterial clearance (direct skin wound relevance).

PubMed ID: 17004191

Povidone‑iodine liposomal gel (Repithel) significantly accelerated neoepithelialization, reduced graft loss, and shortened time to wound closure in randomized phase‑III trial (strong topical skin‑healing evidence).

PubMed ID: 16490980

Topical povidone‑iodine with compression markedly improved ulcer healing rates and lowered relapse compared with alternatives (robust clinical skin healing data).

PubMed ID: 16490976

Application of povidone‑iodine to skin before closure removed culturable skin bacteria (clear antiseptic skin effect) though SSI reduction was not demonstrated.

PubMed ID: 16777382

Irrigation of extraction sockets with dilute povidone‑iodine improved immediate bleeding cessation and aided local wound management (small RCT supporting wound care use).

PubMed ID: 17099376

Povidone‑iodine spray plus antibiotics substantially reduced stomal infections — clear topical skin/soft‑tissue benefit.

PubMed ID: 16688105

Iodised irrigation as adjunct to scaling improved periodontal clinical outcomes—supports mucocutaneous health.

PubMed ID: 16401946

All patients had povidone‑iodine wash; used in surgical site care and relevant to skin/surgical wound infection risk.

PubMed ID: 12543744

5% povidone‑iodine produced substantial bacterial reductions on the conjunctiva—supports antiseptic activity applicable to infection prevention of skin/adjacent tissues.

PubMed ID: 11350649

Topical povidone‑iodine liposomal hydrogel markedly accelerated graft epithelialization and reduced graft loss—strong direct skin‑healing benefit.

PubMed ID: 11096195

Povidone‑iodine liposome hydrogel improved wound healing and tissue tolerability vs comparator—direct benefit for skin repair.

PubMed ID: 10029961

Topical 10% povidone‑iodine on teeth/gingiva reduced early childhood caries—oral mucosal/skin relevance.

PubMed ID: 10460041

Iodine tincture decreased blood culture contamination when used as skin disinfectant—supports skin antisepsis.

PubMed ID: 9830286

Povidone‑iodine greatly reduced ocular surface bacterial counts before cataract surgery — strong topical antiseptic benefit relevant to skin/skin‑adjacent tissue infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 9921943

Povidone‑iodine gel sealing reduced postoperative wound infections (improved wound/skin outcomes).

PubMed ID: 9620490

Cadexomer iodine paste significantly accelerated healing and reduced ulcer size in venous leg ulcers — strong wound‑care benefit.

PubMed ID: 9695205

Povidone‑iodine mouth rinse greatly reduced radiochemotherapy mucositis incidence, severity and duration — major mucosal/skin‑surface benefit.

PubMed ID: 9403262

Povidone‑iodine topical paint significantly reduced recoverable HSV from lesions—direct topical skin benefit.

PubMed ID: 9159313

Regular povidone‑iodine at PD catheter sites reduced exit‑site/peritonitis infections—improves skin/exit‑site outcomes.

PubMed ID: 9161648

Topical antiseptic trial used povidone‑iodine as a comparator and showed lower wound infections with antimicrobial gel—relevant to topical care.

PubMed ID: 8525411

Topical povidone-iodine reduced vaginal bacterial colonization before closure—relevant to local skin/mucosal antisepsis.

PubMed ID: 7480228

Betadine irrigation substantially lowered early capsular contracture around implants—clinical benefit to local tissue health.

PubMed ID: 1762298

Povidone-iodine ointment at dialysis catheter sites sharply reduced exit-site infection, colonization, and septicemia—strong topical skin/antiseptic benefit.

PubMed ID: 2346354

Large RCT in emergency hand surgery: rifamycin outperformed povidone-iodine for infection and healing, but povidone-iodine still showed antiseptic/wound-care relevance.

PubMed ID: 17074243

Study compared carbon‑fiber dressing vs povidone‑iodine gauze; topical iodine was part of wound care context — relevant to skin/wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 39836052

Countdown spray‑distance method when applying Lugol iodine greatly reduced throat reflux and related symptoms (practical reduction of mucosal irritation).

PubMed ID: 34406172

Large multicenter RCT: vitamin C spray after Lugol chromoendoscopy markedly reduced mucosal irritation and sped decolorization of iodine staining (direct mucosal/skin‑related benefit).

PubMed ID: 23680628

Higher‑concentration povidone‑iodine more effective at reducing ocular surface bacteria — topical antiseptic relevance to skin/adjacent tissue.

PubMed ID: 22841431

Iodoform pomade on sutures reduced bacterial colonization — relevant for skin/wound infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 30307816

Povidone‑iodine reduced bacterial burden in chronic wounds — supports skin infection control and wound care.

PubMed ID: 39531051

Major cardiac surgery trial showing similar SSI and reoperation rates between povidone‑iodine and chlorhexidine — relevant to perioperative skin care.

PubMed ID: 12457449

Dual iron+iodine fortification improved thyroid morphology and anemia—substantial benefit for child growth and developmental potential.

PubMed ID: 10075336

Randomized fortified‑biscuit trial dramatically improved urinary iodine and multiple micronutrient/hematologic outcomes in schoolchildren — strong evidence for supporting growth/nutrition.

PubMed ID: 11796083

Iodine‑fortified biscuits improved urinary iodine and other micronutrient status in schoolchildren — directly relevant to population efforts supporting child growth/development.

PubMed ID: 20977661

High prevalence of low maternal iodine in pregnancy documented — implicates risk to fetal/child growth and neurodevelopment if unaddressed.

PubMed ID: 11396779

Observed low urinary iodine during pregnancy/postpartum indicates risk to fetal/infant development absent supplementation (documenting need, not an intervention).

PubMed ID: 1449041

Iodide therapy in children with goitre markedly reduced thyroid size—correcting iodine deficiency supports normal growth/development.

PubMed ID: 15447905

Dual‑fortified salt in children increased urinary iodine and improved thyroid volume and hemoglobin — strong public‑health evidence for supporting growth/development (though iron cofactor present).

PubMed ID: 26137616

Stopping iodized salt in high‑water‑iodine towns markedly reduced childhood goiter prevalence, demonstrating a population‑level thyroid pathology response relevant to child development.

PubMed ID: 38549782

Cluster RCT in Ethiopia increased UIC and was associated with large reductions in stunting—strong direct evidence for growth/development benefits from improving iodine status in that programmatic context.

PubMed ID: 20533221

Fortified salt improved several biomarkers and memory in schoolchildren—supports growth and neurodevelopment.

PubMed ID: 29210520

Prenatal MMN/SQ‑LNS with iodine raised maternal UIC into adequate range, supporting fetal growth/development potential.

PubMed ID: 31006806

Antenatal MMN improved maternal iodine marker (Tg) and other nutrients relevant to fetal growth and newborn outcomes.

PubMed ID: 33952731

Fortified crystal salt raised hemoglobin and zinc, reducing deficiencies that affect child growth.

PubMed ID: 8055799

Large survey showed low urinary iodine and goiter in children—supports the need for iodine to ensure normal growth/development.

PubMed ID: 8640295

Maternal iodine supplementation increased neonatal iodine status and reduced neonatal thyroid volume—supports aspects of neonatal growth/development though cognitive outcomes not measured.

PubMed ID: 8754370

Children with goitre had abnormal thyroid hormones, consistent with iodine-deficiency effects on development—observational support.

PubMed ID: 9394695

Parasitic infections shortened duration of benefit from oral iodized oil; treating parasites extended iodine protection — indicates interaction affecting growth/development protection conferred by oral iodine.

PubMed ID: 9109607

Randomized trial: infant oral iodine in deficient area substantially reduced early infant mortality — strong evidence that iodine sufficiency supports survival and early development in deficient populations.

PubMed ID: 9611400

Marked population iodine deficiency with associated thyroid dysfunction and elevated neonatal TSH implies risk to growth/development — public‑health evidence.

PubMed ID: 9625105

Intermittent KI corrected deficiency and reduced thyroid volume in schoolchildren, evidence relevant to normal growth/development by normalizing thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 9678535

Periodic iodine supplements reduced large thyroid development in adolescents — randomized evidence supporting healthy thyroid development.

PubMed ID: 10626570

Maternal supplementation improved neonatal iodine status and reduced thyroid volume—supports healthy neonatal development.

PubMed ID: 11063446

Children with improved iodine intake had greater gains in mental and psychomotor scores—direct support for developmental benefit.

PubMed ID: 10967613

Iodised‑oil in severely deficient schoolchildren raised urinary iodine and reduced goitre—strong support for healthy growth when deficiency is corrected.

PubMed ID: 11528490

Associations between iodine markers, hearing, and cognitive performance in children indicate impact on developmental outcomes.

PubMed ID: 11916762

In children with goiter, iron plus iodized salt significantly reduced thyroid volume and goiter prevalence — supports healthy thyroid‑related growth outcomes in deficient populations.

PubMed ID: 12297896

Neonatal iodine insufficiency documented and iodine‑enriched formula corrected preterm infants' iodine status by day 30—direct relevance to infant growth/development.

PubMed ID: 12207166

Iodized oil corrected deficiency and reduced goiter in schoolchildren, supporting healthy physical development.

PubMed ID: 12540404

Large trial of iodized (and dual‑fortified) salt improved urinary iodine and thyroid size in children — supports growth and development via corrected iodine status.

PubMed ID: 16538734

Dose‑dependent improvement in urinary iodine after iodized salt supports prevention of iodine deficiency disorders affecting growth and development (strong biomarker evidence, no direct developmental endpoints in study).

PubMed ID: 16400058

Iodized oil in deficient children corrected thyroid hormones and improved cognitive/motor development measures—direct developmental benefit.

PubMed ID: 16702330

Seasoning fortification improved urinary iodine in schoolchildren—population‑level support for growth/development where deficiency is common.

PubMed ID: 16340950

Adolescent biochemical improvements (tT4, iodine) support normal growth and pubertal maturation indirectly.

PubMed ID: 17718017

Double‑fortified salt corrected iodine deficiency in communities—important for growth and development.

PubMed ID: 17921382

Iodine/vitamin A trial in children reduced TSH/goitre and improved iodine status—supports healthy development.

PubMed ID: 18399768

Large public‑health iodine intervention markedly increased UIC, nearly eliminated goiter, and produced measurable improvements in linear growth and pubertal development—direct evidence for growth/development benefits from iodine repletion.

PubMed ID: 19726593

Iodine supplementation in mildly deficient children normalized biomarkers and yielded modest cognitive gains — relevant to child development.

PubMed ID: 19321576

School biscuit fortification (including iodine) improved urinary iodine and several micronutrient indices and reduced anemia/deficiency risk — supports child growth and development.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Large household salt iodization trial changed urinary iodine markedly — population‑level support for preventing developmental iodine deficiency.

PubMed ID: 22728345

Pediatric urinary iodine median indicated adequate iodine nutrition—directly relevant to healthy growth and development in children.

PubMed ID: 24622750

Randomized trial in iodine-deficient areas: single maternal 400 mg iodised oil post-delivery provided adequate infant iodine via breastmilk for ~6 months — strong evidence supporting infant iodine sufficiency, foundational for healthy growth/development.

PubMed ID: 23714325

Schoolchildren given micronutrient-fortified yoghurt (including iodine) for 1 year had higher urinary iodine and a small but significant height-velocity increase — evidence of modest growth benefit in a mixed-nutrient intervention.

PubMed ID: 24117002

Pregnancy KI improved maternal urinary iodine and reduced proportion at risk — maternal iodine sufficiency supports fetal growth and development, though direct growth endpoints were not measured here.

PubMed ID: 25031330

Large cohort: higher maternal urinary iodine associated with greater birth weight/length/head circumference—direct support for growth/development.

PubMed ID: 25057878

Observed that maternal interference with iodine uptake (perchlorate) in iodine‑insufficient mothers greatly raises odds of offspring low IQ — directly relevant to early neurodevelopment and growth outcomes.

PubMed ID: 26654905

Pregnancy iodine RCT targeted maternal supplementation with infant developmental follow‑up (Bayley cognitive scores) but was underpowered and found no clear benefit.

PubMed ID: 26411504

Cluster‑randomized trial evaluated an iodine‑containing lipid supplement in young children and measured UIC and thyroid markers — directly relevant to early growth/development nutrition (no added benefit in iodized‑salt setting).

PubMed ID: 26247661

Maternal iodine supplementation trial targeted pregnancy and child development outcomes (Bayley): directly relevant to growth/development though study was small and inconclusive.

PubMed ID: 27145299

Large cluster randomized iodized-salt program raised children's urinary iodine — directly relevant to population-level iodine sufficiency, a key factor in child growth/development.

PubMed ID: 27710914

Moderate iodine deficiency in children associated with increased oxidative stress — implies deficiency may impair developmental physiology.

PubMed ID: 28901333

Dietary iodine deficiency produced biochemical changes that could impair growth/development via thyroid hormone reduction.

PubMed ID: 28241419

Fortified milk increased maternal BMIC and preserved infant UIC—directly supports infant iodine status important for growth/development.

PubMed ID: 30272528

Maternal supplementation increased maternal/breastmilk iodine; directly relevant to infant nutrient supply and healthy growth/development, though infants were iodine‑sufficient without supplementation in setting studied.

PubMed ID: 30019676

Pilot found many pregnant women iodine‑insufficient, implying risk to fetal growth/development if unaddressed.

PubMed ID: 29569536

Large community trial: iodised salt increased infant UIC and produced small but measurable gains in mental development and subscales — direct evidence for improved early growth/development metrics.

PubMed ID: 31689890

Pregnancy supplementation improved iodine status and reduced thyroid enlargement — maternal iodine adequacy supports fetal/infant development indirectly.

PubMed ID: 30929067

Randomized trial in toddlers: iodine‑fortified milk substantially increased iodine intake and UIC — directly relevant to supporting growth and early development via improved iodine status.

PubMed ID: 31589645

Maternal iodized salt or capsules improved maternal thyroid markers and infant T4 and recognition memory — supports infant growth and neurodevelopment.

PubMed ID: 33198715

Community education increased iodized‑salt use; implies improved iodine nutrition that supports child growth and development.

PubMed ID: 32160632

Pregnancy dosing RCT relevant to ensuring appropriate fetal/infant iodine exposure for development while avoiding excess.

PubMed ID: 31912649

Population iodized‑salt distribution raised maternal/child UIC and produced small cognitive gains — supports growth/development via iodine sufficiency.

PubMed ID: 33620551

Pregnancy iodine supplementation moved women toward iodine sufficiency and lowered Tg—supports healthy in‑utero environment for fetal growth and development.

PubMed ID: 34036728

Preconception iodine supplementation increased maternal iodine and associated with slightly larger newborn length and head circumference — direct growth/development relevance.

PubMed ID: 35451359

Children fed liver‑meat balls experienced increased urinary iodine, higher hemoglobin, and marked reductions in anaemia over 90 days — strong direct evidence linking dietary iodine‑rich foods to improved child nutritional status and growth‑relevant markers.

PubMed ID: 37079158

Population urinary iodine insufficiency in adults signals public-health risk; adequate iodine is essential for normal growth and neurodevelopment in children and adolescents — survey supports need.

PubMed ID: 38228158

Directly assessed maternal iodine status in pregnancy and childhood neurodevelopment up to age 5—primary relevance to growth/development questions (null for mild insufficiency).

PubMed ID: 39871233

Program increased iodine dietary component in pregnant women — supports fetal and child growth/development.

PubMed ID: 12297896

Documented low breast‑milk iodine concentrations in Belgian mothers; study shows need/opportunity to improve lactational iodine transfer to infants.

PubMed ID: 10626570

Maternal iodine tablets raised neonatal iodine and reduced neonatal thyroid volume—direct evidence that maternal supplementation benefits neonatal thyroid metrics (pregnancy context).

PubMed ID: 9533929

Postpartum supplementation (50 µg) reduced thyroid enlargement and was generally safe in mild deficiency, relevant to peripartum thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 9611400

Elevated neonatal TSH and population iodine deficiency strongly indicate risk to fetal/neonatal brain development; supports iodine for fetal brain health.

PubMed ID: 8640295

Randomized supplementation (300 µg/day) increased maternal/newborn iodine and reduced neonatal thyroid volume without adverse thyroid effects—direct pregnancy benefit.

PubMed ID: 7829623

Randomized, double-blind trial: iodine (with/without T4) prevented maternal/newborn thyroid enlargement and biochemical iodine deficiency—direct prenatal benefit.

PubMed ID: 8408456

Randomized trial: 200 µg/day iodine in pregnancy reduced thyroid enlargement and markers of thyroid stress—direct evidence for pregnancy thyroid support.

PubMed ID: 1284331

Iodine therapy in deficiency improves maternal thyroid parameters, which is critical for fetal brain development—indirect clinical support.

PubMed ID: 32183608

Prenatal MMN containing 300 μg iodine improved maternal UIC and lowered thyroglobulin during pregnancy — direct pregnancy‑relevant iodine benefit.

PubMed ID: 40409469

Maternal multiple micronutrients significantly increased breast‑milk iodine concentration — direct lactation nutrition effect.

PubMed ID: 31006806

Large antenatal trial: MMN (with iodine) lowered maternal thyroglobulin (marker of improved iodine status) — strong relevance to pregnancy thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 29210520

Randomized antenatal MMN/SQ‑LNS containing 250 µg iodine raised maternal UIC into WHO‑adequate range (direct pregnancy iodine benefit).

PubMed ID: 35983514

Large multi‑province survey showed pregnant women had lower MUIC vs adults, highlighting pregnancy as a critical period needing iodine support.

PubMed ID: 24744318

Community RCT in women showed improved iron markers with a program that provided iodized salt to all; iodization is a cornerstone of pregnancy nutrition and this trial demonstrates population exposure increases.

PubMed ID: 11396779

Descriptive study: urinary iodine was low during pregnancy/postpartum in a low‑iodine region — documents need for pregnancy iodine support (evidence of deficiency rather than intervention benefit).

PubMed ID: 30010835

Study shows most pregnant women remained iodine‑deficient despite an intervention — highlights importance of iodine for pregnancy support.

PubMed ID: 20977661

Large cross‑sectional study showing widespread low urinary iodine in pregnant women and insufficient household salt iodine — directly relevant to pregnancy iodine needs and supplementation policy.

PubMed ID: 31912649

Large iodized‑salt cluster‑RCT showed raised maternal/child UIC and a small but measurable improvement in infant cognition — strongest direct support for fetal/early brain development.

PubMed ID: 33186774

Vaginal povidone‑iodine before elective C‑section lowered inflammatory markers (CRP/WBC) though endometritis rates unchanged.

PubMed ID: 32160632

Pregnancy RCT showed targeted dosing avoided excess iodine while preventing deficiency comparably — directly relevant to pregnancy supplementation strategy.

PubMed ID: 33198715

Community education increased iodized‑salt use (increases maternal iodine intake) — supports fetal brain development indirectly.

PubMed ID: 33123091

Randomized trial: daily 200 µg iodine raised maternal UIC substantially—direct evidence of improved iodine status in pregnancy (though neurodevelopment benefits absent).

PubMed ID: 32746774

Two cod meals/week increased maternal iodine modestly during pregnancy (direct dietary pregnancy intervention).

PubMed ID: 31589645

Randomized supplementation in lactating mothers (iodized salt or daily capsule) reduced maternal goiter and improved infant T4/recognition memory — strong support for iodine in lactation contexts.

PubMed ID: 31689890

Randomized trial in pregnancy: 225 µg/day iodine increased urinary iodine, lowered thyroglobulin and limited thyroid enlargement — directly supports iodine supplementation in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 29569536

Community iodised‑salt trial improved infant iodine status and produced statistically significant small gains in mental development — direct evidence supporting iodine's role in early brain development.

PubMed ID: 30019676

Pilot showing many pregnant women had insufficient UIC despite 150 µg/day started at 20 weeks — important pregnancy iodine insufficiency finding.

PubMed ID: 30272528

Large RCT: maternal iodine supplements raised maternal UIC/BMIC but infants were iodine‑sufficient with effective salt iodization; direct pregnancy nutrient data.

PubMed ID: 29546298

Milk intake raised urinary iodine in women of childbearing age—important dietary source relevant to pregnancy iodine status.

PubMed ID: 39871233

Cluster RCT improved pregnant women's diet quality and specifically raised the iodine dietary component.

PubMed ID: 38228158

Directly investigates maternal iodine insufficiency and child neurodevelopment up to age 5—most relevant study in the set to pregnancy/fetal outcomes (though results were largely null for mild insufficiency).

PubMed ID: 37079158

Population urinary iodine insufficiency is directly relevant because maternal iodine deficiency impairs fetal brain development; survey evidence strongly supports need for adequate intake.

PubMed ID: 34036728

Randomized preconception iodine‑containing supplement raised first‑trimester iodine and associated with modestly larger newborn length/head — direct pregnancy/natal benefit.

PubMed ID: 33620551

Double‑blind RCT in mildly iodine‑deficient pregnant women: 150 µg/day iodine increased urinary iodine and lowered Tg, moving mothers toward sufficiency—direct evidence supporting pregnancy iodine supplementation.

PubMed ID: 33974129

Randomized trial: maternal 150 µg/day iodine while breastfeeding improved child cognitive outcomes at age 3—direct evidence that postpartum maternal iodine supplementation during lactation can benefit offspring.

PubMed ID: 28241419

Randomized trial: daily iodine‑fortified milk significantly increased maternal UIC and breast‑milk iodine and preserved infant iodine status—direct, high‑quality evidence.

PubMed ID: 26989073

Seaweed-based supplements in dairy cows increased milk iodine concentrations — supports the concept of enhancing milk iodine for breastfeeding infants (animal data).

PubMed ID: 29952487

Randomized trial of iodine supplementation in pregnancy showed a small but significant reduction in neonatal TSH — directly studies iodine use in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 26247661

Direct trial of maternal iodine supplementation in a borderline-iodine area — study is about iodine in pregnancy (though no clear neurodevelopment benefit was found).

PubMed ID: 26654905

Randomized trial of 150 μg/day oral iodine in pregnancy — directly targeted to pregnancy outcomes (increased maternal UIC) though underpowered and found no developmental benefit.

PubMed ID: 25057878

Strong human cohort evidence that maternal factors reducing thyroidal iodine uptake (perchlorate) in women with low iodine markedly increase risk of offspring cognitive deficits — directly implicates maternal iodine in fetal brain development.

PubMed ID: 25031330

Large cohort found higher maternal urinary iodine associated with larger birth weight/length/head circumference—direct support for pregnancy benefit of adequate iodine.

PubMed ID: 23375074

Randomized trial in mildly–moderately iodine‑deficient area: preconception iodised salt increased maternal urinary iodine substantially — directly relevant to pregnancy iodine status.

PubMed ID: 24117002

Randomized trial: daily 150 μg potassium iodide during pregnancy substantially raised urinary iodine and reduced the proportion at risk of iodine deficiency — direct, high-quality evidence for pregnancy iodine supplementation benefit.

PubMed ID: 24622750

High-quality randomized trial: a single 400 mg oral maternal iodised oil dose postpartum provided adequate iodine to infants via breastmilk for ~6 months and outperformed direct infant dosing — direct, strong evidence for maternal supplementation as lactation support for infant iodine delivery.

PubMed ID: 22590998

Preoperative povidone‑iodine vaginal prep before cesarean significantly reduced post‑operative endometritis, especially in labor/ruptured membranes—direct obstetric relevance.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Changing salt iodization strongly altered population urinary iodine — directly relevant to maternal iodine supply that supports fetal brain development (population‑level inference).

PubMed ID: 20702609

Randomized supplementation in iodine‑deficient breastfeeding women substantially increased breast‑milk iodine concentration and maternal UIC (direct lactation support evidence).

PubMed ID: 20207251

Intrapartum vaginal cleansing with PVP‑I reduced postoperative infectious morbidity (maternal peripartum benefit relevant to pregnancy care).

PubMed ID: 18399768

By restoring population iodine status and eliminating goiter, the program supports conditions necessary for fetal neurodevelopment (established biological link), though the study did not measure fetal brain outcomes directly.

PubMed ID: 16538734

Population correction of iodine intake (iodized salt) increases maternal iodine availability which is critical for fetal brain development (biomarker evidence; no direct neurodevelopmental outcomes in this trial).

PubMed ID: 15863540

Preoperative vaginal povidone‑iodine before cesarean reduced endometritis — topical iodine reduces postpartum infection risk (clinical obstetric relevance).

PubMed ID: 15731828

Injecting dairy cows with iodised oil substantially and durably raised milk iodine concentrations — directly increases iodine in milk, most relevant to lactational iodine supply.

PubMed ID: 14611705

Large observational study in an iodized‑salt population showed maternal TSH dynamics influenced by salt restriction and related to infant size—direct link between iodine nutrition and maternal/infant outcomes.

PubMed ID: 12088916

Randomized trial in mildly iodine‑deficient pregnant women: 200 μg/day prevented increases in thyroid size and was well tolerated—direct pregnancy support.

PubMed ID: 35451359

Dietary liver‑meat intervention increased urinary iodine and hemoglobin and reduced anemia in children — plausible improvement in overall vitality/nutritional status.

PubMed ID: 32862256

Iodine tampon after extraction improved early QoL and reduced pain — short‑term vitality/functional benefit.

PubMed ID: 31912649

Population iodized‑salt intervention increased maternal/child iodine and yielded small cognitive gains — general health/vitality signal.

PubMed ID: 31319484

Iodine (I2) with chemo reduced toxicity and improved DFS—clinically meaningful improvement in patient resilience/overall wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 29482543

Periodontal therapy with povidone‑iodine produced large HbA1c reductions and improved oral health—substantial systemic health/vitality benefit in T2D.

PubMed ID: 28365964

I‑125‑coated esophageal stents increased mean survival significantly—clear vitality benefit in that population.

PubMed ID: 28162906

I‑125 seeds + stent markedly prolonged stent patency and survival—substantial impact on patient survival/vitality.

PubMed ID: 26891118

Daily iodine supplementation corrected deficiency biomarkers (↑UIC, ↓thyroglobulin) — plausibly supports systemic vitality via improved thyroid substrate.

PubMed ID: 25428394

Iodine‑125 brachytherapy in inoperable NSCLC improved response, survival and QoL versus conventional radiotherapy—reported improvement in patient wellbeing/quality of life.

PubMed ID: 25380842

Iodine‑125 seed stents (local radioisotope therapy) associated with better outcomes/quality‑of‑life in esophageal cancer arms—translates into improved overall vitality in affected patients.

PubMed ID: 22827783

Long‑term treatment modality differences produced meaningful changes in lipids, cardiac function and neuropsychological scores affecting long‑term vitality.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Large field trial showing population iodine status changes — broadly relevant to systemic health and vitality via thyroid normalization (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 19922311

I-125 seed implantation plus vertebroplasty substantially reduced pain and improved performance scores — symptom and function benefits relevant to overall wellbeing (therapeutic iodine isotope use).

PubMed ID: 19321576

School fortification including iodine improved urinary iodine, hemoglobin and other micronutrients — supports general health and vitality.

PubMed ID: 18399768

Large mass iodine program nearly eliminated goiter and improved linear growth and pubertal development—clear population‑level vitality improvements from iodine repletion.

PubMed ID: 18510207

Multifaceted nutrition program increased weight/BMI and iodized salt use; improved general nutritional/vitality markers though multiple components confound attribution.

PubMed ID: 17609305

Radioiodine therapy outcomes in Graves' disease strongly affect subsequent thyroid status (major determinant of energy/vitality).

PubMed ID: 17921382

Childhood iodine/vitamin A interventions reduced goitre/TSH—supports growth and vitality through thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 17718017

Double‑fortified salt increased hemoglobin and corrected iodine deficiency—directly improves population vitality markers.

PubMed ID: 16340950

Iron+iodine improved thyroid indices and iron status in adolescent girls — expected to improve energy/vitality.

PubMed ID: 16702330

Food fortification raised iodine biomarkers in schoolchildren, likely supporting population vitality where deficiency existed.

PubMed ID: 16400058

Supplementation corrected hypothyroxinemia and improved test performance — consistent with improved vitality in deficient children.

PubMed ID: 16356093

Long‑term Graves' disease patients (including radioiodine) reported lower vitality versus population norms — links iodine/thyroid treatments to vitality outcomes.

PubMed ID: 16538734

Population iodized‑salt dosing produced adequate urinary iodine — supports systemic iodine sufficiency which underpins vitality (indirect).

PubMed ID: 12207166

Single 200 mg iodized oil dose corrected deficiency and reduced goiter prevalence—clear improvement in thyroid health that often underpins vitality.

PubMed ID: 12457449

Dual fortification (iron+iodine) produced large thyroid shrinkage and improved hemoglobin—clear, clinically meaningful boost in child health/vitality.

PubMed ID: 10967613

Oral iodised‑oil markedly reduced goitre prevalence and increased urinary iodine—improves general health and vitality in deficient children.

PubMed ID: 11063446

Improved cognitive/psychomotor performance with better iodine status suggests better functional vitality in children.

PubMed ID: 10626570

Maternal iodine increased neonatal iodine stores and reduced thyroid enlargement—supports neonatal physiological stability and vitality.

PubMed ID: 9703374

Iodine supplementation induced thyroid dysfunction in susceptible patients, an important driver of vitality changes.

PubMed ID: 9109607

Large RCT in an iodine‑deficient area: oral iodized oil given to infants produced a substantial reduction in early infant mortality, indicating broad survival/vitality benefit in deficient populations.

PubMed ID: 8682157

Radioiodine therapy produces large, dose‑related changes in thyroid anatomy/function; thyroid normalization or dysfunction strongly affects energy/vitality.

PubMed ID: 7900936

Treating iodine deficiency reduced goitre and likely improves systemic well-being.

PubMed ID: 40610127

Quintuply‑fortified salt (iodine vehicle) substantially improved B12/folate/zinc status — broad nutritional benefit that can bolster vitality.

PubMed ID: 29210520

Prenatal MMN/SQ‑LNS with iodine raised maternal UIC into adequate range—supports maternal/offspring vitality.

PubMed ID: 20533221

Fortified salt improved biochemical markers and memory in schoolchildren—supports child health/vitality.

PubMed ID: 38549782

Behavior‑change program markedly raised child UIC and was associated with large reductions in stunting—strong population‑level vitality/health signal.

PubMed ID: 19653920

Encapsulated iron plus potassium iodate raised urinary iodine and iron stores in women—improves energy-related biomarkers linked to vitality.

PubMed ID: 18996875

Large trial showed improved urinary iodine and reduced anemia in children with fortified salt—supports general health/ vitality.

PubMed ID: 15447905

Dual‑fortified salt (iodine+iron) raised urinary iodine and markedly improved hemoglobin/iron stores in children, improving overall vitality (effect partly from iron).

PubMed ID: 9011485

Iodide reduced thyroid size in older patients with endemic goitre, a clinically meaningful nutritional effect on thyroid-related vitality.

PubMed ID: 10075336

Fortified biscuits markedly improved urinary iodine and anemia/retinol — broad nutritional improvements that can boost vitality.

PubMed ID: 15355651

Adding iodine‑125 brachytherapy improved tumor response, pain relief and median survival in pancreatic cancer — direct effect on clinical outcomes and vitality.

PubMed ID: 1449041

Iodide reduced thyroid volume in children with goitre—correction of iodine deficiency likely to improve energy/vitality via thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 40964733

Double‑fortified salt improved hemoglobin and iron status — likely improves energy/vitality in adolescents.

PubMed ID: 41515120

Biofortified lettuce improved HDL/TG and PYY over 12 days — short‑term metabolic benefits that may boost vitality.

PubMed ID: 39547954

Thyroid disease management (and iodine deficiency context) strongly affects long‑term wellbeing/vitality.

PubMed ID: 39509132

Recombinant TSH approach caused fewer hypothyroid symptoms (eg, less weight gain) and improved lipids versus thyroid hormone withdrawal — suggests symptomatic/energy benefits during RAI prep.

PubMed ID: 37079158

Population iodine insufficiency implies widespread potential adverse effects on energy/vitality via thyroid dysfunction — good indirect support.

PubMed ID: 17921382

Iodine/vitamin A interventions reduced TSH and goitre—direct effects on metabolic regulation via thyroid.

PubMed ID: 16340950

Iodine increased tT4 and reduced reverse T3 in adolescents—evidence for metabolic hormone normalization.

PubMed ID: 16390021

Radioiodine dose differences produced different cure/hypothyroidism rates, directly affecting metabolic state via thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 16538734

Improved iodine intake (iodized salt) supports normal thyroid hormone synthesis which helps metabolic balance (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 15879354

Long‑term outcomes of radioiodine vs methimazole influence hypothyroidism rates and lipid metabolic changes — relevant to metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 12207166

Large improvements in iodine status and reduced goiter reflect restored thyroid function that contributes to metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 41515120

Biofortified lettuce produced favorable lipid changes and PYY rise over 12 days, suggesting metabolic effects.

PubMed ID: 9703374

Iodine supplementation produced thyroid dysfunction in autoimmune patients, affecting metabolism.

PubMed ID: 9133695

By effectively treating hyperthyroidism, radioiodine therapy directly influences metabolic balance via normalization of thyroid hormone levels (therapeutic context).

PubMed ID: 8682157

Radioiodine's substantial effects on thyroid structure/function imply significant downstream effects on metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 8676600

Iodine supplementation in adolescents improved lipid parameters (cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides), indicating metabolic effects.

PubMed ID: 7781666

Radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism demonstrates that altering thyroid iodine content influences metabolic state (therapeutic context).

PubMed ID: 7900936

Iodine correction in deficiency supports metabolic homeostasis via thyroid effects.

PubMed ID: 8408456

Pregnancy iodine lowered thyroid stress markers; thyroid regulation is central to metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 1619181

Iodine‑enriched eggs increased total and LDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemic subjects — demonstrates an iodine‑containing food altering lipid metabolism (adverse).

PubMed ID: 21262066

Short‑term iodide altered urinary iodine and transient thyroid markers — suggests metabolic impact via thyroid supply.

PubMed ID: 19692495

Iodide supplementation improved iodine status and reduced thyroglobulin — supports thyroid‑mediated metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 32183608

Prenatal iodine improved maternal thyroid markers, relevant to metabolic regulation in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 24006749

Addition of iodine‑containing Laminaria (seaweed) jam to lifestyle therapy led to greater weight, BP and lipid improvements; suggests a metabolic benefit in the intervention context though chromium and other factors confound attribution to iodine.

PubMed ID: 22170797

Association between cold exposure, urinary iodine excretion and thyroid markers suggests iodine status influences thyroid-mediated metabolic adaptation.

PubMed ID: 10603730

Iodine repletion affected thyroid autoimmunity and thus could alter metabolic regulation via thyroid hormones (moderate relevance).

PubMed ID: 39509132

Recombinant TSH arm had better lipid profiles (lower LDL/cholesterol) versus hormone withdrawal — shows metabolic differences tied to thyroid preparation strategies.

PubMed ID: 37079158

Population urinary iodine demonstrating inadequate intake strongly supports the need for adequate iodine to maintain thyroid-mediated metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 31912649

Population iodized‑salt intervention improved iodine status; adequate iodine supports thyroid hormones and metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 29482543

Periodontal therapy with adjunctive PVP‑I produced a large HbA1c fall in T2D—direct, clinically meaningful metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 28901333

Dietary iodine deficiency demonstrated reduced FT3 levels—supports iodine's role in metabolic (thyroid) balance.

PubMed ID: 26891118

Iodine supplementation corrected markers of iodine deficiency (↑UIC, ↓thyroglobulin) which underlie thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolic regulation.

PubMed ID: 26203098

Well‑conducted RCT: 200 μg/day oral iodine in iodine‑deficient overweight women raised UIC and significantly lowered prevalence of total hypercholesterolemia — direct metabolic effect.

PubMed ID: 22827783

Long‑term comparative data showed differences in hypothyroid episodes and lipid/cardiac parameters between RAI and continuous MMI—metabolic implications from thyroid treatment choice.

PubMed ID: 23358401

Personalized radioiodine dosing achieved high cure rates while minimizing activity—supports metabolic normalization by optimizing thyroid therapy.

PubMed ID: 22310249

I‑131 dose comparisons changed remission/hypothyroidism trends, which affect metabolic balance mediated by thyroid status.

PubMed ID: 21563916

Maintaining euthyroidism over years supports metabolic stability—study provides direct long-term thyroid outcome evidence.

PubMed ID: 21715542

Iodine plus levothyroxine reduced thyroid size—changes to thyroid status can influence metabolic balance (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 20460237

Population iodization changes will influence thyroid hormone production and thus metabolic balance at a population level (indirect but strong public‑health evidence).

PubMed ID: 19633072

Study links metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance with increased thyroid size and nodules in an iodine‑deficient population—connects iodine status, thyroid pathology and metabolic regulation.

PubMed ID: 18399768

Restoring iodine corrects deficiency‑related thyroid dysfunction and thus improves metabolic balance at the population level; study showed biochemical/clinical correction.

PubMed ID: 17609305

Radioiodine outcomes (hypo/euthyroid states) strongly affect metabolic rate and balance.

PubMed ID: 17609407

Radioiodine normalized TSH and reduced thyroid volume—strong evidence of metabolic regulation via thyroid therapy.

PubMed ID: 30272528

Maternal iodine supplementation raised maternal/breastmilk iodine—directly relevant to reproductive‑age supplementation policy and pregnancy planning.

PubMed ID: 29237134

Iodine‑containing nutritional drink reduced breast nodularity and analgesic use—direct reproductive‑tract (breast) symptom improvement.

PubMed ID: 22590998

Povidone‑iodine vaginal prep reduced post‑cesarean uterine infection especially in women in labor/with ruptured membranes—direct reproductive health benefit.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Population salt iodization alters urinary iodine — key for maternal thyroid health and reproductive outcomes (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 20207251

Vaginal cleansing with PVP‑I before cesarean reduced composite postoperative infections (maternal reproductive surgical outcome relevance).

PubMed ID: 19783561

Iodine-containing (betadine) pessary relieved abnormal vaginal discharge in a randomized phase II trial — direct female reproductive tract benefit.

PubMed ID: 18399768

Mass iodine repletion normalized pubertal timing and improved growth—directly relevant to reproductive development and function in a population setting.

PubMed ID: 15863540

Adding vaginal povidone‑iodine before cesarean halved postpartum endometritis — relevant to obstetric/reproductive infection prevention.

PubMed ID: 15239792

Oral molecular iodine (3–6 mg/day) produced dose‑dependent reduction in cyclic mastalgia and breast tenderness in a randomized, double‑blind trial — direct reproductive/breast health benefit.

PubMed ID: 14971530

Preoperative vaginal povidone‑iodine douching reduced infectious morbidity after hysterectomy (reproductive surgical setting).

PubMed ID: 15198760

Vaginal povidone‑iodine gel significantly reduced pelvic abscesses after hysterectomy — clear reproductive tract antiseptic benefit.

PubMed ID: 16619217

Lugol's iodine (VILI) aids detection of cervical precancer—directly relevant to reproductive health screening.

PubMed ID: 25849627

Large randomized diagnostic trial: Lugol's iodine (VILI) had sensitivity comparable to VIA for CIN2+ detection — directly relevant to reproductive health screening.

PubMed ID: 32183608

Prenatal MMN with iodine improved maternal iodine and thyroid markers — supports reproductive/pregnancy health.

PubMed ID: 2210982

Proved that povidone-iodine enema combined with parenteral antibiotic substantially reduced infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy (reproductive tract infection prevention).

PubMed ID: 12404887

Povidone‑iodine suppositories were as effective as an active antiseptic for treating vaginal infections (direct reproductive tract health benefit).

PubMed ID: 12011527

Povidone‑iodine vaginal suppositories reduced pathogenic bacteria and improved symptoms in bacterial vaginosis—direct reproductive tract benefit.

PubMed ID: 38600625

Large economic RCT comparing HyFoSy (foam sonography) and HSG (iodinated contrast) for tubal testing reported similar live‑birth rates and cost differences — directly relevant to fertility management where iodinated contrast is used diagnostically.

PubMed ID: 36006040

Intrarectal povidone‑iodine reduced post‑biopsy infections after transrectal prostate biopsy — directly relevant to male reproductive/prostate procedural outcomes.

PubMed ID: 33186774

Vaginal povidone‑iodine reduced postoperative inflammatory markers in C‑section patients (reproductive health context).

PubMed ID: 37079158

Iodine deficiency is a known cause of impaired cognition and focus; population urinary iodine data implies risk and need for supplementation to support concentration.

PubMed ID: 39547954

Improved thyroid management in iodine‑deficient populations can benefit concentration via restored thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 31912649

Iodized‑salt cluster‑RCT produced small but measurable improvements in infant cognitive scores — most direct evidence linking iodine programs to concentration/cognition.

PubMed ID: 38549782

Strong reduction in stunting and improved UIC in children suggests better neurodevelopmental potential including concentration/focus.

PubMed ID: 20533221

Fortified salt in schoolchildren led to improvements in memory tests after 9 months (direct evidence for improved concentration/cognitive performance).

PubMed ID: 32183608

Prenatal improvement in maternal iodine status supports risk reduction for offspring cognitive impairments (indirect evidence for concentration/focus benefits).

PubMed ID: 8408456

Pregnancy iodine reduced thyroid strain; adequate thyroid function is plausibly linked to concentration (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 11063446

Improved iodine status in schoolchildren associated with significantly better mental and psychomotor test gains—strong evidence for concentration/focus benefits.

PubMed ID: 10967613

Iodine repletion in deficient children can restore thyroid‑dependent cognitive function, aiding concentration.

PubMed ID: 11528490

In children, iodine deficiency markers correlated with worse hearing and lower nonverbal test scores—supports effect on cognitive performance and focus.

PubMed ID: 16400058

Iodized oil improved performance on multiple cognitive tests (symbol search, target marking, Raven matrices) — strong evidence for concentration gains in deficient children.

PubMed ID: 16340950

Iodine raised tT4 in adolescents; thyroid normalization is linked to improved attention and cognitive function.

PubMed ID: 19726593

Trial in mildly deficient children showed small but significant cognitive improvements (perceptual reasoning) after iodine supplementation — supports concentration/focus.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Major changes in household iodization altered population urinary iodine — supports the premise of cognitive benefits mediated by thyroid normalization (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 25057878

Maternal perchlorate exposure (reducing iodine uptake) associated with increased odds of offspring low IQ and poorer verbal outcomes—strongly implicates maternal iodine in later cognitive functions including concentration.

PubMed ID: 30272528

Maternal iodine supplementation raises iodine biomarkers relevant to fetal/infant neurodevelopment (attention/concentration outcomes are neurodevelopmental domains).

PubMed ID: 29569536

Iodised salt intervention produced small but significant gains in Bayley cognitive scores (receptive language/fine motor) — supports early‑life concentration/cognitive domains.

PubMed ID: 31589645

Infants of mothers receiving iodized salt showed higher T4 and better recognition memory (visual information processing) — direct infant cognitive outcome linked to maternal iodine status.

PubMed ID: 17704033

Children consuming multi‑micronutrient (including iodine) fortified salt showed improvements on several memory/attention tests — direct cognitive/concentration signal.

PubMed ID: 39547954

Study implicates iodine deficiency in poorer thyroid outcomes; thyroid status influences cognition/clarity.

PubMed ID: 31912649

Iodized‑salt distribution improved infant cognition (small effect) — supports cognition-related benefits of iodine nutrition.

PubMed ID: 29569536

Large community RCT: iodised salt in communities improved infants' Bayley mental development scores (small but significant effect) → supports cognitive/mental benefit in early life.

PubMed ID: 30272528

Maternal iodine supplementation raised maternal/breastmilk iodine—relevant to fetal/infant neurodevelopment and later clarity/concentration considerations.

PubMed ID: 23210356

Combined physiobalneotherapy including iodine–bromide baths reported improvements in cognition and cerebral hemodynamics in miners — suggests topical/thermal iodine-containing therapy associated with cognitive effects (qualitative evidence).

PubMed ID: 38549782

Community iodized‑salt behavior intervention improved UIC and strongly reduced stunting—nutritional improvements likely support cognitive development/clarity.

PubMed ID: 20533221

Schoolchildren given fortified salt (including iodine) had improved memory tests after 9 months (direct cognitive benefit in children).

PubMed ID: 8408456

Pregnancy iodine (200 µg/day) reduced thyroid stress markers; thyroid support can plausibly help cognition (indirect link).

PubMed ID: 7900936

Oral iodine in iodine-deficient goitre improved thyroid physiology, which supports cognition.

PubMed ID: 11063446

Children who increased iodine intake showed significantly greater gains in mental and psychomotor tests—direct evidence linking iodine status to cognition.

PubMed ID: 10967613

Iodised‑oil supplementation raised urinary iodine and decreased goitre in children—correcting deficiency plausibly improves cognitive function via thyroid normalization.

PubMed ID: 11528490

In mildly iodine‑deficient children, low iodine markers associated with worse high‑frequency hearing and lower nonverbal test scores—supports cognitive/mental performance links.

PubMed ID: 16400058

Iodized oil in iodine‑deficient children significantly improved cognitive and motor test performance.

PubMed ID: 16340950

Iron±iodine in adolescent girls raised tT4 and urinary iodine and associated with biochemical improvements that can relate to cognition.

PubMed ID: 17921382

Iodine/vitamin A in children reduced TSH/goiter and corrected deficiency—relevant to cognition and development.

PubMed ID: 19726593

Randomized trial in mildly iodine-deficient 10–13 y olds showed improved urinary iodine and small but significant cognitive gains (perceptual reasoning).

PubMed ID: 20460237

Population salt iodization substantially altered urinary iodine (population iodine status) — supports cognitive function indirectly via known iodine→thyroid→neurocognitive pathway (evidence indirect).

PubMed ID: 1449041

Marked reduction in thyroid volume with iodide in children implies correction of deficiency and potential improvement in energy via thyroid normalization.

PubMed ID: 9761130

Short‑term high iodine intake altered TSH and thyroid hormones, demonstrating physiologic thyroid effects that can influence energy, though study was small and short.

PubMed ID: 9758438

Iodide supplementation raised urinary iodine and reduced goitre but caused transient thyroid dysfunction in some—shows strong thyroidal activity relevant to energy regulation.

PubMed ID: 12730420

Fortified drink in pregnancy raised hemoglobin and ferritin and halved anemia risk — directly supports energy via improved iron status.

PubMed ID: 7900936

Correcting iodine deficiency supports thyroid-driven energy metabolism.

PubMed ID: 8682157

Strong demonstration that radioiodine alters thyroid size/function; thyroid status closely linked to energy/stamina (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 9133695

Radioiodine cures hyperthyroidism in many patients; normalizing thyroid function is directly linked to restored energy levels, though this concerns therapeutic radioiodine rather than dietary iodine.

PubMed ID: 9703374

Low‑dose iodine precipitated hypothyroid/subclinical hypothyroid states in autoimmune patients (can lower energy).

PubMed ID: 16400058

Correction of hypothyroxinemia in children can manifest as improved energy/psychomotor function.

PubMed ID: 17718017

Improved hemoglobin and corrected iodine deficiency—supports energy via better oxygen delivery and thyroid health.

PubMed ID: 17609305

Radioiodine outcomes determining hypothyroidism/euthyroidism directly affect metabolic rate and energy levels.

PubMed ID: 18399768

Population iodine repletion supports normal thyroid function which underpins steady energy/metabolic rate; study demonstrated restored iodine status and clinical improvements.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Demonstrated population changes in iodine status that would be expected to normalize thyroid function and energy homeostasis (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 26891118

Supplementation improved iodine status and lowered thyroglobulin without altering TSH/FT4 — supports underlying thyroid health that contributes to energy regulation.

PubMed ID: 28901333

Dietary iodine deficiency produced lower FT3—a mechanistic link to reduced metabolic/energy regulation via thyroid hormone changes.

PubMed ID: 30501974

HiLo trial supports that lower radioiodine dosing is sufficient — thyroid management implications link to energy via preserved thyroid function.

PubMed ID: 39509132

Recombinant TSH vs withdrawal led to fewer hypothyroid symptoms (eg, less weight gain/fatigue) — relevant to symptom‑driven energy levels during RAI preparation.

PubMed ID: 40964733

Improved Hb from double‑fortified salt likely supports steadier energy in adolescents.

PubMed ID: 16340950

Iron±iodine supplementation improved iron biomarkers and tT4; direct evidence of improved micronutrient status when given together.

PubMed ID: 11916762

Iron repletion greatly enhanced efficacy of iodized salt in goitrous, iron‑deficient children — demonstrates interaction between iron status and iodine utility/absorption impact on thyroid outcomes.

PubMed ID: 9394695

Study showed intestinal parasitic infections markedly shortened the duration of benefit from oral iodized oil; treatment of parasites substantially increased protection time — evidence parasites affect absorption/effectiveness of oral iodine.

PubMed ID: 33952731

Crystal salt fortified with iodine and other micronutrients raised hemoglobin, serum zinc and ferritin.

PubMed ID: 40610127

Quintuply‑fortified salt markedly improved B12, folate and zinc status — clear nutritional absorption/status effects (iodine as vehicle).

PubMed ID: 20533221

Fortified cooking salt (including iodine) improved multiple biomarkers (iron, zinc, urinary iodine) indicating better micronutrient status/uptake.

PubMed ID: 38549782

Behavior change increased iodized‑salt use and UIC markedly — population‑level improvement in iodine nutrition (supports nutrient status).

PubMed ID: 10075336

Fortified biscuits improved anemia, ferritin and retinol along with urinary iodine — shows improved micronutrient status/absorption in population.

PubMed ID: 19321576

School biscuit fortification including iodine improved urinary iodine and enhanced deworming effectiveness, improving micronutrient status and absorption context.

PubMed ID: 30929067

Iodine‑fortified toddler milk substantially increased dietary iodine intake and urinary iodine — demonstrates effective dietary delivery/absorption in children.

PubMed ID: 40964733

Double‑fortified salt (including iodine vehicle) improved iron biomarkers — iodine as delivery platform for nutrients.

PubMed ID: 39547954

Adequate thyroid function (tied to iodine status) is important for mood regulation; study highlights iodine‑deficient subgroup.

PubMed ID: 26772985

Randomized trial showed improved mental QoL with earlier levothyroxine replacement after RAI — suggests thyroid management affects mood; indirect to iodine supplementation.

PubMed ID: 22827783

Long‑term follow‑up showed better mood scores in the methimazole group compared with the RAI group, implicating thyroid treatment in mood outcomes.

PubMed ID: 20460237

Population iodine status affects thyroid hormones which influence mood; evidence here is indirect but population‑relevant.

PubMed ID: 16400058

Restoring normal thyroid hormones in deficient children can improve neuropsychological well‑being that relates to mood.

PubMed ID: 8682157

Given the large effect of radioiodine on thyroid physiology, mood effects (via thyroid hormone changes) are plausible though not directly measured here.

PubMed ID: 17609305

Post‑radioiodine thyroid outcomes (hypothyroidism/euthyroidism) will influence thermoregulation; study reports thyroid status changes.

PubMed ID: 8682157

Radioiodine markedly affects thyroid tissue and function; thyroid hormones are central to thermoregulation—indirect evidence.

PubMed ID: 11238476

Levothyroxine suppressive therapy caused significant lumbar spine BMD loss, while radioiodine led to hypothyroidism—study directly reports bone effects tied to thyroid interventions.

PubMed ID: 23009581

PVP+I‑125 vertebroplasty produced substantial pain relief and functional improvement in patients with spinal bone metastases—directly relevant to bone‑related outcomes (procedural/radiation therapy).

PubMed ID: 31240513

2% topical povidone‑iodine improved paronychia severity and pain (objective and patient‑reported benefits) — directly supports nail/periungual health.

PubMed ID: 41515120

Biofortified lettuce sharply increased PYY (satiety hormone), directly implicating appetite regulation.