Magnesium

PubMed ID: 16948756

Post‑CABG trial: magnesium added to amiodarone markedly reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation incidence.

PubMed ID: 17055945

In severe tetanus magnesium reduced need for drugs to control cardiovascular instability, indicating cardiac/autonomic effects.

PubMed ID: 15795711

Randomized trial in rapid AF showed markedly better rate control and more conversions, a clinically relevant cardiac effect.

PubMed ID: 14695461

Large RCT in acute MI showed improved LVEF, reduced dilation and better microvascular function—strong cardioprotective signal.

PubMed ID: 14618043

Large RCT: perioperative MgSO4 sharply reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation (2% vs 36%) — strong cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 12767537

Open-heart trial showed modest antiarrhythmic effects, stronger in low‑Mg and ventricular-arrhythmia subgroups — inconsistent but relevant.

PubMed ID: 12774159

Continuous infusion after pediatric CPB maintained Mg and roughly halved early postoperative arrhythmias.

PubMed ID: 12615252

Oral Mg improved intracellular Mg, increased exercise time and reduced exercise-induced chest pain in CAD patients.

PubMed ID: 11153897

Randomized crossover in CAD patients: oral Mg (800–1,200 mg/day) reduced ex‑vivo platelet‑dependent thrombosis by ~35%, suggesting antithrombotic cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 32618829

Oral MgSO4 lowered oxidized LDL and LOX1 (atherosclerosis markers) — directly relevant to cardiovascular risk.

PubMed ID: 7786689

Randomized AMI trial: IV magnesium prevented potentially lethal arrhythmias comparable to propranolol (strong direct cardiac benefit).

PubMed ID: 7786690

Randomized trial: early IV Mg after MI reduced cardiac deaths and subsequent heart failure—direct cardioprotective evidence.

PubMed ID: 9389897

Oral magnesium lowered BP and improved HDL/LCAT in healthy volunteers, beneficial cardiovascular risk effects.

PubMed ID: 12238830

Perioperative magnesium markedly reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation incidence (large randomized effect).

PubMed ID: 14618045

Replicates strong AF‑prevention benefit of perioperative magnesium (and additive effect with sotalol).

PubMed ID: 16870070

Bisoprolol+magnesium prophylaxis substantially lowered postoperative AF and shortened hospital stays (magnesium given with beta‑blocker).

PubMed ID: 18582257

In severe tetanus magnesium reduced autonomic dysfunction and need for cardiovascular drugs, indicating cardiac/autonomic protection.

PubMed ID: 19617379

IV magnesium attenuated hemodynamic responses and catecholamine surge during pneumoperitoneum — supports cardiovascular stability.

PubMed ID: 23093587

Large observational study found higher Mg intake associated with slightly lower blood pressure, a cardiovascular risk factor.

PubMed ID: 31012803

Magnesium supplementation (with choline) improved endothelial dysfunction markers in T2D — a direct mechanism relevant to CV health.

PubMed ID: 37074522

IV magnesium in severe preeclampsia produced large, rapid reductions in cerebral perfusion pressure/pulsatility and systolic BP — cardiocerebral hemodynamic benefit relevant to heart/cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 40065513

Cardioplegia trials included magnesium in protective solutions and showed myocardial rhythm/enzyme advantages, suggesting a contributory cardioprotective role though Mg was not isolated.

PubMed ID: 41081689

Modified cardioplegia with magnesium among additives produced better myocardial enzyme and rhythm outcomes; Mg likely contributed though not studied alone.

PubMed ID: 7919085

Large epidemiologic data linked higher urinary Mg (intake proxy) with lower BP and cardiovascular risk markers, supporting population‑level heart benefits.

PubMed ID: 8738859

Randomized trial of IV magnesium after suspected MI showed large reductions in cardiac events, arrhythmias and mortality—strong direct clinical evidence for cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 17043614

Potassium–magnesium aspartate in cardioplegia was associated with faster return to rhythm, fewer early AF and lower troponin — direct cardiac benefit though Mg was combined with K.

PubMed ID: 17996133

Randomized trial in coronary patients: potassium–magnesium reduced premature beats markedly and improved oxidative stress—strong direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 21853612

Maintaining normal Mg during cardiac surgery reduced intraoperative hypertension and improved microcirculation—moderate perioperative cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 40409246

Almond snack raised dietary Mg and lowered LDL‑C vs crackers — supports cardiovascular risk factors (dietary Mg increase).

PubMed ID: 2095163

IV magnesium in acute MI was associated with fewer complications, indicating a direct cardioprotective signal.

PubMed ID: 1351547

Large RCT: IV magnesium given early in suspected MI reduced 28‑day mortality and heart failure — strong direct cardioprotective evidence.

PubMed ID: 7508827

IV magnesium produced large, significant reductions in ventricular arrhythmias in severe heart-failure patients (direct clinical cardiac benefit).

PubMed ID: 10431997

IV magnesium before reperfusion substantially reduced reperfusion arrhythmias and lowered IL-6 in acute MI—direct cardioprotective signal.

PubMed ID: 11067788

Six months oral Mg increased intracellular Mg and improved endothelial function and exercise tolerance in CAD patients—strong cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 11461753

IV magnesium sulfate converted prolonged paroxysmal atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm far more often than diltiazem (direct cardiac rhythm benefit).

PubMed ID: 15571635

Mineral‑rich water (higher Mg) lowered systolic/diastolic BP in people with low baseline Mg, a direct heart‑health relevant outcome.

PubMed ID: 14992881

Perioperative high‑dose Mg raised serum Mg and reduced atrial fibrillation on postoperative day 1 (direct cardiac arrhythmia effect).

PubMed ID: 18568412

Oral magnesium citrate in hemodialysis raised serum Mg, lowered PTH and improved carotid IMT — plausible vascular/heart benefit in that population.

PubMed ID: 20875883

IV magnesium during CABG reduced postoperative bleeding and transfusions — clinically relevant cardiac surgery outcome.

PubMed ID: 23548855

Oral Mg reduced carotid intima-media thickness (atherosclerosis marker) in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 25475196

IV magnesium before PCI reduced contrast‑induced AKI in a cardiology procedure population — relevant to cardiac care and peri‑procedural organ protection.

PubMed ID: 25118610

Mg binder use associated with less progression and some regression of vascular calcifications in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 27225338

High-dose Mg in cardioplegia produced large, dose-dependent reductions in postoperative atrial fibrillation.

PubMed ID: 30131425

Dialysate magnesium increase clearly reduced serum calcification propensity (T50), a cardiovascular risk marker — direct relevant cardio benefit.

PubMed ID: 32996010

Raising dialysate Mg increased serum Mg and improved arterial stiffness and systolic BP—direct cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 31764984

Higher dialysate magnesium reduced calcification‑related particles and systemic inflammation—mechanisms plausibly cardioprotective.

PubMed ID: 20674497

Perioperative multi‑nutrient (incl. Mg) reduced troponin and shortened stay after cardiac surgery; Mg part of regimen.

PubMed ID: 7847975

Randomized IV magnesium after cardiac surgery markedly reduced ventricular arrhythmias and CK‑MB — strong direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 9458419

Double‑blind RCT in unstable angina showed fewer ischemic episodes and less CK‑MB release with IV magnesium.

PubMed ID: 10099907

IV magnesium in acute MI reduced premature ventricular beats/VT and improved QT dispersion — clear antiarrhythmic effect.

PubMed ID: 15118290

Addition of K+ and Mg2+ to cardioplegia improved myocardial protection, reduced AF and CK‑MB.

PubMed ID: 15758880

Same randomized cohort confirming reduced arrest time and postoperative AF when cardioplegia included magnesium.

PubMed ID: 16926119

In hypertrophied hearts, Mg (with K+) in cardioplegia improved recovery, reduced AF and CK‑MB.

PubMed ID: 31274484

Large RCT in cardiac surgery: perioperative IV MgSO4 reduced troponin/CK-MB rises, atrial fibrillation and MI—strong cardioprotective evidence.

PubMed ID: 1735925

Supplement (including magnesium oxide) prevented severe hypokalaemia in diuretic users and thereby reduced arrhythmia risk, supporting cardiac protection.

PubMed ID: 7982415

IV magnesium given around angioplasty increased acute lumen area and trended to less restenosis — procedural cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 9406292

Randomized trial: postoperative IV magnesium sulfate reduced atrial arrhythmias and ventricular ectopics — direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 25590926

Randomized trial: oral magnesium pidolate dramatically reduced premature ventricular/supraventricular complexes and improved symptoms — direct cardiac antiarrhythmic benefit.

PubMed ID: 30517252

Oral magnesium as effective as IV in preventing postoperative hypomagnesemia and arrhythmia (AF) — relevant to cardiac rhythm/health.

PubMed ID: 31036759

Randomized trial: oral MgO slowed progression of coronary artery calcification vs control — direct cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 2134545

Large RCT diet (higher magnesium among other changes) produced major BP and weight drops—supports cardiovascular benefits though magnesium not isolated.

PubMed ID: 2130823

Magnesium‑rich dietary intervention associated with substantial lipid improvements (LDL, TG) — indirect cardioprotective evidence.

PubMed ID: 29853429

Higher dietary magnesium associated with modest carotid IMT regression in people with diabetes (observational association).

PubMed ID: 23398528

Healthy Nordic diet raised magnesium intake (+93 mg) and improved inflammatory and atherogenic lipid markers—supports heart health indirectly.

PubMed ID: 10828704

Magnesium therapy lowered systolic BP in pregnancy‑induced hypertension — favorable for cardiovascular risk.

PubMed ID: 2195862

Randomized AMI trial: IV magnesium reduced arrhythmias and in-hospital mortality — strong direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 2248695

Long-term high dietary magnesium associated with fewer complications and lower mortality in high‑risk individuals — likely cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 1838289

Meta-analysis of RCTs showed reduced short-term mortality and ventricular arrhythmias in suspected AMI — strong cardiovascular signal.

PubMed ID: 1898142

Postoperative magnesium reduced atrial fibrillation after bypass in an RCT, supporting cardiac rhythm protection.

PubMed ID: 1404796

RCT in cardiac surgery showed fewer postoperative ventricular dysrhythmias and improved cardiac index, directly supporting cardiac protection.

PubMed ID: 8267992

Randomized trial after CABG halved supraventricular arrhythmias — clinically meaningful cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 8504578

IV magnesium converted many recent-onset supraventricular arrhythmias faster than verapamil — antiarrhythmic effect.

PubMed ID: 7691765

In a subgroup of AMI patients (non-thrombolysis) magnesium was linked to fewer deaths and less heart failure — supportive but subgroup-specific.

PubMed ID: 8230988

IV magnesium before cardioversion reduced markers of myocardial injury and repolarization abnormalities — cardioprotective evidence.

PubMed ID: 7908076

Large RCT in suspected AMI showed reduced IHD and all‑cause mortality and less early LV failure — strong direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 7999529

Lower intracellular Mg linked to coronary disease and small supplement pilot reduced angina episodes.

PubMed ID: 7810083

IV magnesium in acute MI associated with less heart failure, fewer arrhythmias and lower in‑hospital death.

PubMed ID: 7543083

Large randomized trial in suspected MI reported favorable rhythm changes and fewer cardiac deaths (inconsistently replicated but clinically relevant).

PubMed ID: 7587256

ICU RCT: IV magnesium converted more patients with fast atrial arrhythmias to sinus rhythm vs amiodarone, a clear antiarrhythmic cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 7695422

Perioperative Mg improved myocardial performance and greatly reduced serious ventricular arrhythmias and postoperative hypertension.

PubMed ID: 8749868

Acute MI adjunctive IV magnesium reduced nonsustained VT though no EF/mortality benefit; arrhythmia reduction supports heart health modestly.

PubMed ID: 7846788

Meta-analysis: small survival signal in blinded trials but large trial negative — mixed evidence for cardiac survival benefit.

PubMed ID: 7856520

RCT in AMI patients showed reduced arrhythmias, improved LVEF, and lower in-hospital mortality; strong direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 7486271

Small RCT: IV Mg lowered MAP and systemic vascular resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass (hemodynamic cardiac effect).

PubMed ID: 8845292

Double‑blind trial: prophylactic IV Mg prevented perioperative BP surges in elderly hypertensives—cardiovascular stabilization.

PubMed ID: 8857989

Randomized trial: adding Mg to cardioplegia reduced postoperative ischemic ECG changes and ventricular ectopy—direct perioperative cardiac protection.

PubMed ID: 9083869

Post‑CABG IV magnesium markedly reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation (large randomized trial), direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 9021907

Large RCT: perioperative Mg infusion substantially reduced postoperative atrial arrhythmias after thoracic surgery.

PubMed ID: 9070556

Randomized crossover in symptomatic MVP: Mg supplementation markedly reduced symptoms and catecholamine excretion—cardiac symptom benefit.

PubMed ID: 9120155

Oral Mg (with K) modestly reduced frequency of ventricular premature beats in RCT — rhythm benefit though combined supplement.

PubMed ID: 9333592

IV magnesium reliably terminated torsade de pointes and improved cardiac index — direct antiarrhythmic/hemodynamic effects.

PubMed ID: 9642379

Oral magnesium reduced pregnancy‑induced hypertension rates, indirectly supporting cardiovascular health via BP control in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 9259191

Randomized trial in acute MI showed fewer arrhythmias and markedly lower in‑hospital mortality — strong direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 9768774

IV magnesium before intubation lowered MAP and SVR and increased cardiac index — favorable acute hemodynamic effects relevant to cardiac stress.

PubMed ID: 9719052

Oral magnesium produced small but significant reductions in office/home/24‑h BP—favourable for cardiovascular risk.

PubMed ID: 10426331

Oral magnesium reduced ex vivo platelet‑dependent thrombosis by ~35% in CAD patients, supporting reduced thrombotic cardiac risk.

PubMed ID: 10636525

Large RCT found IV magnesium after thrombolysis substantially reduced 30‑day mortality and ventricular arrhythmias—strong cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 15532307

Small trial after CABG: magnesium orotate reduced ventricular premature beats and improved exercise tolerance.

PubMed ID: 11094581

Post‑op infusion didn't prevent AF, but low post‑op plasma Mg strongly associated with higher AF risk.

PubMed ID: 10740162

Early IV Mg in acute MI markedly reduced arrhythmias and mortality — strong RCT evidence of cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 11194599

Dose‑dependent electrophysiological changes (AV conduction/ERP) relevant to arrhythmia mechanisms.

PubMed ID: 11603446

Randomized perioperative MgSO4 infusion produced a large, clinically significant reduction in postoperative atrial fibrillation — strong direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 12351253

Correction of ionized Mg during bypass cut early postoperative ventricular arrhythmias markedly.

PubMed ID: 11833996

Adding Mg to cardioplegia significantly lowered postoperative AF and arrhythmias.

PubMed ID: 12167181

Perioperative Mg massively reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation (strong, direct evidence).

PubMed ID: 21353585

Cardioplegia with higher Mg was associated with ~28% lower troponin release (less biochemical myocardial injury) though no clinical AF benefit.

PubMed ID: 41171249

Subgroup analysis: empagliflozin raised serum Mg and patients with low baseline Mg had proportionally greater HF benefit — indirect evidence linking Mg status to HF outcomes.

PubMed ID: 41043170

Randomized trial: preemptive Mg reduced intraoperative hemodynamic instability and peak systolic pressures in high‑risk catecholamine release surgery.

PubMed ID: 40629782

RCT: postoperative continuous IV magnesium markedly reduced new atrial fibrillation after CABG — direct cardiac outcome benefit.

PubMed ID: 39247774

Preinduction IV Mg blunted BP/HR responses to pneumoperitoneum (hemodynamic stabilizing effect).

PubMed ID: 39380547

400 mg/day Mg lowered systolic/diastolic BP in metabolic‑syndrome patients, supporting cardiovascular risk reduction.

PubMed ID: 37665448

Oral Mg reduced proinflammatory cytokines in CAD patients—plausible cardioprotective antiinflammatory effect.

PubMed ID: 35451469

Well‑powered RCT: preoperative oral Mg substantially reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation (clinically important cardiac outcome).

PubMed ID: 33899191

IV MgSO4 produced faster ventricular rate control and lower HR at 12 h in acute AF (direct cardiovascular benefit).

PubMed ID: 32493662

Randomized infusion raised Mg and substantially reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation.

PubMed ID: 32085495

Improved LDL and total cholesterol in prediabetics — favorable cardiovascular risk-marker changes.

PubMed ID: 31862004

High‑dose IV Mg blunted SVR/MAP rises perioperatively—direct hemodynamic benefit.

PubMed ID: 30739626

Oral magnesium oxide in diabetic HD patients reduced carotid intima-media thickness, a direct vascular/heart-health marker.

PubMed ID: 29793665

Oral Mg in hypomagnesemic MetS patients lowered BP and triglycerides, improving cardiovascular risk factors.

PubMed ID: 30025177

IV Mg improved rate control in rapid AF (clinically relevant cardiac effect).

PubMed ID: 28417897

Oral Mg around cardiac surgery reduced postoperative hypomagnesemia and was associated with fewer arrhythmias — direct cardiac outcome benefit.

PubMed ID: 27716697

Perioperative IV Mg reduced postoperative arrhythmias and shortened hospital stay after cardiac surgery.

PubMed ID: 27053384

24‑week oral Mg (350 mg/d) significantly reduced arterial stiffness (PWV), a cardiovascular surrogate.

PubMed ID: 26600017

Prospective cohort: higher serum Mg strongly associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and sudden death (dose–response; plausible cardiovascular benefit).

PubMed ID: 24830937

Oral Mg improved systolic BP, HOMA‑IR and triglycerides—directly relevant to heart health.

PubMed ID: 23645158

IV Mg during CABG lowered NT‑proBNP and sped recovery—direct cardiac biomarker benefit.

PubMed ID: 23333201

Mg bolus (30 mg/kg) bluntened intubation BP rise in hypertensive patients without causing hypotension.

PubMed ID: 24259558

Large cohort: higher dietary Mg linked to substantially lower cardiovascular and all‑cause mortality.

PubMed ID: 22584491

Oral magnesium greatly reduced premature ventricular/atrial complexes and symptoms—direct cardiac arrhythmia benefit.

PubMed ID: 22424458

High-Mg deep seawater lowered total and LDL cholesterol and oxidative marker—favorable cardiac risk profile.

PubMed ID: 23254595

Salt substitute containing Mg modestly lowered systolic BP over 2 years—cardiovascularly relevant, though Mg role uncertain.

PubMed ID: 22433473

Oral MgO lowered total cholesterol and LDL and reduced platelet aggregation—biomarkers tied to cardiovascular risk.

PubMed ID: 21888642

A potassium‑ and magnesium‑rich salt significantly lowered systolic BP (net ≈11 mmHg), which is likely to benefit cardiovascular risk.

PubMed ID: 21558066

Perioperative IV Mg markedly reduced supraventricular arrhythmias in the high‑risk pneumonectomy subgroup (meaningful subgroup cardiac benefit).

PubMed ID: 21815963

K/Mg pretreatment (includes Mg) significantly increased cardioversion success and lowered energy required — direct clinical cardiac benefit (although combined with K).

PubMed ID: 20593142

Mg (with NAC) reduced oxidative stress markers after CABG, a biochemical effect relevant to cardiac protection (Mg confounded by NAC).

PubMed ID: 19136164

Pre‑treatment with IV magnesium substantially increased conversion of typical atrial flutter to sinus rhythm—arrhythmia‑specific therapeutic benefit.

PubMed ID: 19367681

Randomized trial in severe heart failure showed improved 1‑year survival and symptom benefit with magnesium orotate—direct positive cardiovascular outcome.

PubMed ID: 20524462

Large RCT in CABG patients: 3‑day IV magnesium halved postoperative atrial fibrillation—strong arrhythmia/heart‑health benefit.

PubMed ID: 19819469

Pediatric randomized trial during bypass: dose‑dependent prevention of postoperative junctional tachycardia—clear cardiac protection signal.

PubMed ID: 18281113

Randomized trial of magnesium orotate in severe CHF showed substantially better 1‑year survival and symptoms vs placebo — direct heart‑failure benefit.

PubMed ID: 19020533

Oral magnesium substantially lowered BP in diabetic hypertensive patients, a major heart‑health risk factor.

PubMed ID: 17692949

Intraoperative magnesium reduced oxidative stress during CABG, suggesting myocardial protection (cardioprotective mechanism).

PubMed ID: 17694684

Perioperative Mg infusion raised serum Mg and reduced postoperative AF in non-diabetics.

PubMed ID: 16820345

K++Mg supplement lowered BP and markedly improved small‑artery compliance—cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 16825271

Randomized CAD trial: oral Mg increased intracellular Mg, VO2max and LVEF—direct cardiac functional benefit.

PubMed ID: 16670112

IV magnesium during sinus surgery lowered HR/MAP and blood loss—hemodynamic cardiac effects.

PubMed ID: 25426978

Picoprep (magnesium citrate) improved tolerability and reduced side effects vs PEG — better patient comfort/wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 27788811

Perioperative Mg reduced opioid needs and ventilation time and prolonged analgesia — clinically relevant improvement in recovery and wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 29160622

Magnesium citrate regimen with PIE achieved better cleansing and fewer inadequate preps, improving procedural experience.

PubMed ID: 28944412

Low‑volume magnesium‑containing prep was better tolerated overall, an aspect of improved wellbeing in colon prep.

PubMed ID: 29642094

Small‑volume magnesium prep was easier to complete and preferred by patients — translates to better user experience and wellbeing in the bowel‑prep setting.

PubMed ID: 32221332

Magnesium‑containing small‑volume prep produced better cleansing and much higher patient willingness to reuse — improved patient experience/wellbeing in procedural preparation.

PubMed ID: 33776375

Prep Kit‑C had similar tolerability to Moviprep but raised serum Mg; demonstrates clinically acceptable profile and a potential wellbeing advantage for some patients.

PubMed ID: 35920250

Elderly trial: magnesium sulfate prep noninferior to PEG with fewer side effects and better tolerability — strong evidence of improved overall patient wellbeing during prep.

PubMed ID: 35484175

IV magnesium accelerated alcohol‑withdrawal recovery and biochemical normalization, supporting improved clinical wellbeing during detoxification.

PubMed ID: 36734446

Adjunctive magnesium shortened delirium duration and improved biomarkers — substantial benefit to patient outcomes and wellbeing in this setting.

PubMed ID: 36856693

Adding magnesium to periarticular analgesia after TKA reduced opioid use, pain and improved early function/shorter stay — meaningful overall wellbeing/ recovery benefit.

PubMed ID: 40269724

OSS containing magnesium sulfate achieved superior colon cleansing with similar safety and better rates of adequate prep — contributes to better clinical and patient outcomes.

PubMed ID: 2210311

Large randomized trial: oral magnesium‑aspartate during pregnancy associated with fewer maternal hospitalizations, less preterm birth and fewer NICU referrals — substantial population health/wellbeing impact.

PubMed ID: 8460390

Large RCT showed oral magnesium reduced noise‑induced permanent hearing threshold shifts, an outcome likely to improve long‑term quality of life and wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 8135325

Another large RCT corroborated magnesium's protective effect against training‑related permanent hearing damage, supporting improved long‑term wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 38309436

IV Mg quickly eased severe opioid withdrawal and reduced sedative requirements — marked improvement in acute wellbeing/comfort.

PubMed ID: 26519439

Mg‑L‑threonate RCT in older adults increased intracellular Mg and produced clinically meaningful cognitive improvements — strong support for wellbeing enhancement.

PubMed ID: 33184650

Mixed‑cation oxybate including Mg improved sleepiness/cataplexy in narcolepsy — substantial quality‑of‑life effect (pharmaceutical context).

PubMed ID: 36703238

Oral magnesium‑L‑threonate slowed opioid escalation and relieved opioid‑induced constipation in advanced cancer patients — improvements likely to enhance quality of life/wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 38732615

Multi‑ingredient supplement containing magnesium increased muscle mass/ strength and lowered CRP in sarcopenic older adults — results supportive of improved functional wellbeing though Mg's role is not isolated.

PubMed ID: 36603131

Preop IV magnesium with pregabalin markedly reduced postoperative opioid use, pain, and nausea — clinically meaningful improvements likely to enhance wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 8565536

Correction of magnesium and potassium deficits in hypokalemic ICU patients produced clear biochemical and net balance improvements likely beneficial to patient status and recovery.

PubMed ID: 16081469

In elderly heart‑failure patients a micronutrient supplement including magnesium produced clinically meaningful improvements in LVEF and quality‑of‑life scores.

PubMed ID: 26911204

Lifestyle counselling increased dietary Mg and improved gestational weight gain within guidelines — pragmatic beneficial outcome tied to Mg intake.

PubMed ID: 28873075

Intraoperative magnesium reduced pain, agitation and opioid use and shortened PACU stay — meaningful improvements in recovery and wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 32280092

Personalized Mg supplementation improved cognitive performance and epigenetic markers in older adults (>65), a meaningful QoL/brain‑health effect.

PubMed ID: 36079832

Higher dietary Mg associated with better OA symptoms and QoL—direct association with wellbeing measures.

PubMed ID: 22895810

Oral Mg reduced migraine attacks/severity—meaningful symptom improvement likely to enhance wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 9861593

Reduction in PMS fluid-retention symptoms may translate to improved subjective wellbeing for affected women.

PubMed ID: 15948817

Large randomized trial where Mg‑containing bowel prep was better tolerated and more acceptable to patients — improved patient experience/wellbeing in the colonoscopy context.

PubMed ID: 32466773

Mg+Zn supplementation improved metabolic, inflammatory, antioxidant markers and mood scores — composite benefits that may enhance wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 1666320

Comprehensive diet/exercise program (higher Mg among changes) reduced risk factors and CV events — larger wellbeing/health benefits though multicomponent.

PubMed ID: 35149320

Observational cohort: higher dietary magnesium associated with better early‑pregnancy mental well‑being.

PubMed ID: 22648717

Oral magnesium improved respiratory muscle strength and clinical status in CF children/adolescents — tangible improvement in clinical wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 2195862

In AMI, magnesium infusion reduced mortality and arrhythmias — clear improvement in clinical outcomes and survival, contributing to overall health.

PubMed ID: 2248695

Large dietary intervention: higher magnesium intake associated with substantially fewer complications and lower mortality — meaningful overall health/wellbeing signal.

PubMed ID: 1672392

CFS trial: large proportion reported symptomatic benefit and normalization of RBC magnesium — improved overall wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 7980301

Magnesium sulfate regimen in eclampsia markedly reduced maternal complications and perinatal deaths — important for maternal/newborn wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 8792038

Oral Mg reduced migraine frequency and symptomatic drug use—clinically relevant improvement likely to enhance wellbeing for migraine sufferers.

PubMed ID: 9070556

Randomized crossover showed large symptom reductions and lower catecholamines in symptomatic MVP patients—meaningful improvement in patient‑reported wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 9532990

Large RCT preventing eclampsia likely improves maternal outcomes and overall wellbeing in severe pre‑eclampsia.

PubMed ID: 9926482

Faster seizure control and shorter time to regain consciousness in eclampsia translate into improved clinical outcomes and wellbeing for affected patients.

PubMed ID: 10636525

Large trial showing reduced mortality and arrhythmias after MI indicates a substantial positive impact on patient outcomes and wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 11290876

Small pilot trial: IV magnesium after acute stroke improved neurologic scores — potential to improve function and overall wellbeing (pilot data).

PubMed ID: 12167181

Large clinical benefit (reduced AF) likely improves patient wellbeing after CABG.

PubMed ID: 12615252

Clinically meaningful improvements in intracellular Mg, exercise tolerance and reduced exercise‑induced chest pain in CAD patients.

PubMed ID: 15261316

Perioperative magnesium improved early comfort and sleep quality — tangible short‑term wellbeing improvement.

PubMed ID: 15319143

Five‑year oral magnesium in Mg‑depleted type 1 diabetics normalized Mg status and greatly slowed neuropathy progression — large long‑term benefit likely improving wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 16825271

CAD trial demonstrated objective improvements (VO2max, LVEF) likely to improve wellbeing and functional status.

PubMed ID: 16411990

Magpie economic analysis: magnesium prevents eclampsia and is cost‑effective—major public‑health wellbeing implication.

PubMed ID: 17479208

Reduced systemic inflammation (CRP) in CHF can contribute to better wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 17347471

Subgroup analysis in lacunar stroke showed improved functional outcomes with IV Mg—clinically meaningful evidence of better functional wellbeing in this subgroup.

PubMed ID: 18337147

Large antenatal MgSO4 RCT reduced combined death/neurodisability in preterm infants—substantial downstream wellbeing impact for children and families.

PubMed ID: 20146871

Intra‑articular magnesium reduced early pain, opioid use and sped early knee functional recovery—practical postoperative wellbeing improvements.

PubMed ID: 19367681

Marked survival and symptomatic benefit in severe heart‑failure patients indicates substantial improvement in clinical wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 20100026

Oral magnesium improved bronchial hyperreactivity, PEFR and asthma quality/control scores—clear patient‑reported wellbeing benefit in asthma.

PubMed ID: 20873252

Spa programs including Mg baths reported improved subjective quality of life in exposed workers — moderate subjective wellbeing signal (nonrandomized).

PubMed ID: 22584491

Oral magnesium pidolate produced large symptom relief and major reductions in premature complexes—likely to substantially improve patient wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 24491463

Perioperative IV Mg markedly improved quality‑of‑recovery scores and reduced opioid consumption—clear QoL benefit.

PubMed ID: 24259558

Higher dietary Mg associated with lower all‑cause and cardiovascular mortality—supports population‑level wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 23807278

Mg added to paravertebral block prolonged analgesia and reduced morphine consumption—improved postoperative comfort.

PubMed ID: 24649780

IV Mg after spinal anesthesia increased time to rescue analgesia and halved 24h morphine—better postoperative recovery experience.

PubMed ID: 24292304

Postnatal Mg improved neonatal neurological and feeding outcomes—improved short‑term wellbeing in newborns.

PubMed ID: 23645158

IV Mg during CABG lowered NT‑proBNP and improved recovery measures—clinically meaningful improvements in immediate postoperative wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 25008857

Objective gains in physical performance in elderly likely translate to improved functional wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 24814039

Oral Mg increased serum Mg and lowered hsCRP in prediabetes—improved inflammatory/metabolic profile likely enhances wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 24635528

IV Mg plus ketamine reduced morphine use and improved sleep and satisfaction after scoliosis surgery—clear improvement in postoperative wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 24830937

Oral Mg chloride produced marked metabolic and BP improvements in hypomagnesemic MONW subjects—strong support for enhanced overall wellbeing in that group.

PubMed ID: 26254839

Antenatal magnesium reduced cerebral palsy risk in preterm infants—meaningful neurodevelopmental wellbeing benefit for children/families.

PubMed ID: 26600017

Observational data linking higher serum magnesium to markedly lower mortality and CV death suggests important population-level wellbeing/health implications.

PubMed ID: 27177525

Maternal Mg near delivery associated with lower cerebral palsy risk in preterm infants—meaningful long‑term wellbeing implication for offspring.

PubMed ID: 28654669

Strong RCT evidence of improved depression/anxiety with oral Mg, indicating meaningful wellbeing gains.

PubMed ID: 28877896

Long-term potassium+magnesium-enriched salt improved functional recovery after stroke (clinically relevant wellbeing outcome).

PubMed ID: 30562392

Significant stress reduction with oral Mg (felt improvements in a patient‑centered psychosocial outcome).

PubMed ID: 31814044

IV Mg improved lactate clearance and halved ICU length of stay in severe sepsis—substantial clinical/resource benefit.

PubMed ID: 38108626

Perioperative IV magnesium improved patient‑reported quality of recovery (QoR‑40), a direct measure of wellbeing after surgery.

PubMed ID: 39410716

Mg supplementation improved quality of life and lowered cholesterol in people with T2D—direct QoL evidence.

PubMed ID: 38654355

Hospitalized COVID patients given Mg citrate had reduced oxygen needs and improved QoL/depression scores—meaningful clinical benefit.

PubMed ID: 39558412

Mg in periarticular infiltration reduced opioid use and pain and improved early function—improves recovery‑related wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 39478499

Topical cervical Mg shortened active labor and improved childbirth experience (large patient‑reported benefit).

PubMed ID: 38560523

Intraop IV Mg produced clinically meaningful QoR‑15 improvement and lower early pain/opioid use after TKA.

PubMed ID: 38848261

Intraop IV Mg markedly reduced esophageal pain and opioid requirements after POEM with large effect sizes—strong wellbeing impact.

PubMed ID: 40458810

Clear RCT evidence that preoperative IV Mg reduced agitation and improved QoR‑40 global score — meaningful improvement in early wellbeing after surgery.

PubMed ID: 39780052

Oropharyngeal Mg spray greatly reduced early postoperative sore throat incidence and pain scores — clinically relevant comfort benefit.

PubMed ID: 37481538

Biodegradable magnesium screws improved hip functional scores and perfusion, reflecting enhanced postoperative wellbeing/function.

PubMed ID: 36123724

Trigger‑point magnesium injections produced sustained pain relief and improved oral‑health related quality of life.

PubMed ID: 36587225

RLS adjunct trial improved sleep and symptom severity, translating into better quality of life measures.

PubMed ID: 35918728

PCOS RCT: oral Mg produced a clinically meaningful improvement in SF‑36 total score and multiple QoL domains.

PubMed ID: 33745609

Oral magnesium improved depression scores and serum magnesium, which are likely to enhance subjective wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 33074940

IV magnesium improved QoR‑15 by ~8 points on POD1 after gallbladder surgery, a clinically meaningful early wellbeing improvement.

PubMed ID: 33827421

Oral magnesium (alone and especially combined with valproate) reduced migraine attack frequency and disability, improving patient wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 33611742

Lowered surgical stress hormones, stabilized BP and reduced opioid needs/pain support postoperative wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 34479242

Single IV Mg dose markedly improved clinical scores, oxygenation and reduced admissions in severe pediatric asthma (clear wellbeing effect).

PubMed ID: 34719399

Reduced leg cramps and better sleep translate into meaningful daily wellbeing improvements.

PubMed ID: 33864354

Mg supplementation improved anxiety, depression and mental QoL in stressed adults — broad wellbeing benefit.

PubMed ID: 32493662

Less postoperative AF after Mg infusion likely improves recovery and outcomes.

PubMed ID: 33349011

Intracisternal Mg after SAH reduced vasospasm/DCI and improved 1‑yr functional scores — meaningful wellbeing gains.

PubMed ID: 32237024

Antenatal Mg associated with reduced moderate–severe CP risk, implying long‑term wellbeing benefits for offspring.

PubMed ID: 33030582

Reduced febrile neutropenia and septic-shock events in pediatric chemo cycles — large clinical wellbeing/health impact.

PubMed ID: 32304405

Large RCT showing major reductions in catheter-related discomfort and higher patient satisfaction — clear wellbeing improvement in that setting.

PubMed ID: 30995329

Adding IV Mg to ICU sedation shortened ventilation and weaning times and reduced sedative needs—meaningful clinical benefit.

PubMed ID: 22399124

IV Mg reduced postoperative pain and analgesic requirement and improved pain thresholds — meaningful improvements in postoperative comfort and wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 23581277

Mg-containing bowel prep had similar cleansing but substantially better tolerability and willingness to repeat, a patient-centered wellbeing benefit.

PubMed ID: 25464897

Magnesium‑containing bowel prep had similar efficacy but better tolerability — improved patient experience/wellbeing in that context.

PubMed ID: 25287163

SPMC+bisacodyl gave noninferior cleansing with higher satisfaction and fewer GI adverse effects — contributes to patient wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 25426978

Picoprep (contains magnesium citrate) had similar cleansing to PEG with improved tolerability and fewer side effects — supports GI tolerability.

PubMed ID: 8092599

Randomized pediatric trial: magnesium citrate significantly shortened gastrointestinal transit time with activated charcoal (clear cathartic effect).

PubMed ID: 7630676

Pediatric comparison showed magnesium citrate/sulfate acted as cathartics (slower/less than sorbitol) — demonstrates laxative/cathartic action.

PubMed ID: 9732929

Randomized trial: sodium picosulphate plus magnesium citrate produced better bowel cleansing and less discomfort than PEG—strong direct evidence for digestive/bowel-prep use.

PubMed ID: 9512283

Large RCT: oral magnesium citrate before colonoscopy shortened prep time and improved patient- and endoscopist-rated cleanse—robust digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 10606310

Pediatric RCT: magnesium citrate provided effective, better-tolerated bowel cleansing—direct digestive benefit in children.

PubMed ID: 10201863

Adding Mg to PEG-ELS improved barium mucosal coating and reduced residual fluid—procedural digestive benefit though cleansing unchanged.

PubMed ID: 10210339

Adding Mg sulfate to stimulant laxative improved mucosal coating for barium enema—procedural digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 15647870

Small-volume Mg-containing bowel prep matched PEG for cleansing quality—supports digestive use though safety concern (syncope).

PubMed ID: 16882804

Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) performed comparably to polyethylene glycol for chronic pediatric constipation — direct digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 18060280

Regimen containing magnesium citrate performed similarly to mannitol for colon cleansing with slightly higher willingness to repeat — supports bowel prep efficacy/tolerance.

PubMed ID: 19967619

Pico‑Salax (contains magnesium citrate) was better tolerated than PEG‑ELS for colonoscopy prep — direct gastrointestinal/laxative effect.

PubMed ID: 19555936

Magnesium hydroxide before low‑volume PEG yielded moderate right‑side cleansing and high patient preference — laxative/digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 21116598

Magnesium hydroxide was as effective as PEG for constipation in children (but less accepted) — direct digestive effect.

PubMed ID: 20485282

Adding magnesium citrate to low‑volume PEG markedly improved bowel cleansing adequacy and willingness to repeat vs 4L PEG — strong practical digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 20389176

Adding magnesium hydroxide to PEG in constipated patients significantly improved Ottawa cleansing scores and reduced solid stool — strong subgroup digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 21979399

A diabetic‑specific prep including magnesium citrate improved bowel cleanliness vs standard prep — regimen-level digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 22175055

Mg citrate included in a regimen that achieved good bowel cleansing and best tolerability in adults (direct prep effect).

PubMed ID: 23799210

Sodium picosulfate + magnesium citrate bowel prep yielded higher patient satisfaction (magnesium-containing prep), relevant to bowel evacuation/intestinal prep.

PubMed ID: 23581277

Picosulphate + magnesium citrate produced equivalent/better bowel cleansing and substantially better tolerability — direct GI/preparation benefit.

PubMed ID: 23566639

Magnesium-containing bowel prep gave superior cleansing and easier intake vs PEG — clear GI/prep benefit.

PubMed ID: 23318484

Low-volume magnesium-citrate-containing regimen was non-inferior for colon cleansing and better tolerated (direct digestive-tract relevance).

PubMed ID: 25464897

Sodium picosulfate + magnesium citrate bowel prep provided noninferior cleansing and better tolerability vs PEG — relevant to digestive prep/tolerability.

PubMed ID: 24949605

Picosulphate/magnesium citrate produced bowel cleansing comparable to split‑dose PEG with better tolerability overall — direct digestive/laxative benefit.

PubMed ID: 24940942

Split‑dose SPMC (magnesium citrate) was as effective as PEG for colon cleansing and better tolerated — supports digestive/bowel‑prep benefit.

PubMed ID: 25002661

Picosulfate+MgCit noninferior to PEG in children with higher tolerability and acceptance — pediatric GI relevance.

PubMed ID: 26179377

Mg-containing prep was better accepted and same-day dosing improved proximal colon cleansing — GI benefit.

PubMed ID: 25287163

Split‑dose SPMC+bisacodyl showed noninferior bowel cleansing and higher patient satisfaction vs PEG — practical digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 25837751

Same-day Mg-containing cleanser produced similar cleansing with better ease-of-use and willingness to reuse (direct digestive/prep outcome).

PubMed ID: 29160622

Magnesium citrate as part of an irrigated prep achieved better colon cleansing and fewer poor preparations vs PEG (regimen included mechanical irrigation).

PubMed ID: 28944412

Low‑volume magnesium‑containing SPMC showed comparable cleansing when split and superior tolerability — supports digestive prep acceptability.

PubMed ID: 29642094

Small‑volume magnesium prep was easier to complete and preferred vs PEG with demonstrated efficacy — supports magnesium's laxative role.

PubMed ID: 29337780

In physically disabled outpatients SPMC was noninferior overall but slightly worse in some segments — moderate support for digestive use with caveats.

PubMed ID: 32221332

Large RCT: magnesium‑containing small‑volume prep (Bowklean) produced superior colon cleansing and much better tolerability — direct evidence for magnesium formulation aiding bowel evacuation/tolerability.

PubMed ID: 33177798

Pediatric RCT: low‑volume SPMC (contains magnesium oxide) had noninferior cleansing and better tolerability — supports magnesium use for bowel prep in children.

PubMed ID: 34961695

12‑month randomized pediatric trial: magnesium hydroxide was similarly effective and safe to PEG for constipation — direct evidence for digestive/laxative use.

PubMed ID: 33776375

Prep Kit‑C (magnesium citrate) had similar cleansing/tolerability to Moviprep but increased serum magnesium — supports magnesium‑containing prep use.

PubMed ID: 35920250

Large elderly trial: low‑dose oral magnesium sulfate prep was noninferior to PEG and had fewer GI side effects — strong evidence for magnesium as an effective bowel‑prep laxative.

PubMed ID: 35584529

Magnesium oxide in bowel prep improved tolerability (easier ingestion, less vomiting) and produced adequate colon cleanliness—direct GI tolerability relevance.

PubMed ID: 39069266

Large RCT showed SPMC produced noninferior adenoma detection with better tolerability — direct clinical relevance to bowel prep (digestive procedure).

PubMed ID: 39054602

Sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate bowel prep used magnesium citrate as the active osmotic agent; clear direct effect on bowel cleansing/tolerability.

PubMed ID: 40269724

OSS containing magnesium sulfate achieved significantly better BBPS cleansing scores vs PEG — direct bowel‑cleansing/ digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 32218417

Mineral‑rich waters (one containing Mg) improved dyspepsia/pain and intragastric function vs standard therapy — direct digestive benefit from an Mg‑containing water.

PubMed ID: 36703238

Oral magnesium‑L‑threonate significantly improved opioid‑induced constipation (Wexner score) in advanced cancer patients — direct digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 18510625

Magnesium citrate used as an effective bowel preparation in adolescents — clear laxative/digestive effect.

PubMed ID: 27924798

Magnesium‑sulfate–rich mineral water increased bowel movements at 3 weeks in functional constipation (RCT).

PubMed ID: 33799486

Aquamin (multi‑mineral including Mg) increased colonic differentiation markers and barrier/adhesion proteins—suggests improved colonic mucosal health.

PubMed ID: 35429955

Peri‑procedural IV Mg reduced post‑ERCP pancreatitis in a high‑risk subgroup and shortened LOS—direct digestive‑system benefit.

PubMed ID: 10634161

Mg citrate + bisacodyl bowel prep produced superior proximal colon cleansing and better tolerability vs castor oil.

PubMed ID: 28275307

Hydrotalcite (Mg-containing) + PPI improved gastric ulcer histologic healing vs PPI alone — direct digestive/gastric benefit.

PubMed ID: 2070704

Maalox TC (magnesium‑containing antacid) healed duodenal ulcers at rates similar to ranitidine — direct digestive benefit from a magnesium product.

PubMed ID: 1771386

Magaldrate antacid markedly lowered rates of upper GI bleeding in very ill hospitalized patients — a clear digestive/GI protective benefit from an Mg-containing antacid.

PubMed ID: 1783346

Combined antacid including Mg hydroxide relieved upper abdominal symptoms and heartburn versus comparator.

PubMed ID: 1940190

Low-dose antacid regimen (contains Mg component) improved duodenal ulcer healing and night-pain relief.

PubMed ID: 1441674

Hydrotalcite (magnesium‑containing) healed gastric ulcers as well as ranitidine over 8 weeks — clinically meaningful GI benefit from a Mg‑containing formulation.

PubMed ID: 8047802

In children with reflux, combination including a magnesium‑aluminum antacid produced superior symptom regression and pH improvements — direct GI benefit.

PubMed ID: 9149190

Oral magnesium citrate produced better, faster, and better-tolerated bowel prep vs enemas — clear digestive application.

PubMed ID: 9672343

Large RCT: magnesium citrate night-before improved bowel cleansing quality and depth of scope insertion — strong digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 10445538

Large trial: magnesium citrate bowel preps had similar cleansing and tolerability outcomes—directly relevant to digestive preparation efficacy.

PubMed ID: 10637713

Randomized: Mg‑containing antacid (Mylanta) had lower duodenal ulcer healing vs acid blocker but improved with antibiotics—shows modest digestion/ulcer implications.

PubMed ID: 10325738

Pediatric RCT: magnesium citrate (Picolax) produced excellent bowel cleansing and superior results vs comparator—strong digestive/prep evidence.

PubMed ID: 10415251

Oral magnesium sulfate used as a bowel preparation improved barium mucosal coating versus non‑magnesium laxative — direct luminal/motility effect.

PubMed ID: 12085041

Large RCT: magnesium citrate produced superior colon cleansing vs sodium phosphate (day‑before dosing) and fewer rectosigmoid ulcers—strong digestive prep evidence.

PubMed ID: 15948817

Large RCT: magnesium citrate‑based bowel prep cleaned colon better and was better tolerated vs sodium phosphate — strong, direct evidence for digestive application (bowel prep).

PubMed ID: 17217818

Magnesium sulfate bowel prep compared with sodium phosphate in surgery patients — relevant to bowel cleansing/tolerability.

PubMed ID: 16456411

In children, magnesium citrate regimen produced superior colon cleansing and fewer side effects vs sodium phosphate — direct digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 17868404

Picoprep (magnesium citrate component) better tolerated with less nausea vs comparator for colonoscopy prep — supports GI tolerability.

PubMed ID: 17577112

Large RCT: hydrotalcite (Mg-containing antacid) provided rapid and superior short-term heartburn relief vs famotidine/placebo—strong digestive symptom benefit.

PubMed ID: 19223885

Pico‑Salax (magnesium-based) produced superior colon cleansing and tolerability—relevant to bowel function/prep.

PubMed ID: 20602497

Postoperative magnesium‑hydroxide laxative shortened time to first stool by ~1 day—practical digestive bowel-movement benefit.

PubMed ID: 21245999

Magnesium citrate regimen provided bowel cleansing equivalent to standard regimens—relevant to bowel preparation.

PubMed ID: 24342746

Randomized trial: Mg-sulfate–rich mineral water reduced constipation and hard stools with dose–response—strong bowel/digestion evidence.

PubMed ID: 26582579

RCT: daily magnesium‑ and sulfate‑rich mineral water substantially increased stool frequency and softened stool in functional constipation — direct, robust digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 31170680

Mineral water rich in magnesium and sulfate significantly relieved functional constipation vs control — direct digestive benefit attributable in part to magnesium.

PubMed ID: 1763561

Aluminium/magnesium antacid RCT showed effective duodenal ulcer healing and early nighttime pain relief — direct digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 8045060

Magnesium citrate used as bowel prep (cathartic), showed different cleansing efficacy and side‑effect profile.

PubMed ID: 8038353

Cisapride + magnesium citrate shortened time to clear rectal effluent and reduced residual fluid — direct digestive/colon prep effect.

PubMed ID: 7657965

An aluminium–magnesium silicate product reduced stool frequency and dehydration in acute diarrhea; symptomatic digestive benefit (product differs from elemental Mg).

PubMed ID: 9265038

New chewable magnesium had fewer GI complaints and better adherence vs reference formulation — direct digestive tolerability benefit.

PubMed ID: 11811223

Randomized pediatric trial: magnesium oxide helped ~67.5% of children with chronic constipation — direct digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 16275967

Oral regimen including Mg oxide markedly increased nonoperative resolution and shortened hospital stay for bowel obstruction—clinically meaningful digestion/gut benefit, though combined therapy limits attribution solely to Mg.

PubMed ID: 15709995

A magnesium‑containing clay reduced symptoms and time-to-improvement in constipation‑predominant IBS subgroup—evidence for digestive benefit in C‑IBS (product not elemental Mg).

PubMed ID: 16407020

Magnesium sulfate used as a bowel purge produced expected laxative effects (direct digestive motility action).

PubMed ID: 17587273

Randomized placebo-controlled trial: magnesium oxide increased defecation frequency, softened stool, and improved constipation in children.

PubMed ID: 17403400

Double-blind RCT: magnesium-containing laxative shortened time to first defecation by ~24 hours after hysterectomy.

PubMed ID: 22192423

A split‑dose picosulfate/magnesium/citrate solution produced substantially better colon cleansing vs traditional dosing—direct GI/bowel‑prep benefit from a magnesium‑containing product.

PubMed ID: 23537750

Split‑dose sodium picosulphate/magnesium citrate markedly improved bowel cleansing—direct, strong GI procedural effect.

PubMed ID: 25019969

Split‑dose sodium picosulfate + magnesium citrate improved colon cleansing and compliance—direct strong GI effect.

PubMed ID: 25079477

Oral Mg‑alginate + simethicone reduced infant reflux symptoms vs alternatives—direct digestive symptom improvement.

PubMed ID: 27689192

Magnesium citrate in bowel-prep markedly improved colon cleansing—direct digestive effect.

PubMed ID: 28317885

Magnesium-aluminium antacid was effective for heartburn in pregnancy (digestive symptom relief).

PubMed ID: 30734195

Pyloric MgSO4+lidocaine markedly lowered gastric intraluminal pressure and PONV after sleeve gastrectomy (digestive/antiemetic benefit).

PubMed ID: 31861951

Mg‑alginate significantly reduced infant regurgitation symptoms with good responder rates—direct digestive benefit.

PubMed ID: 30803175

Split-dose oral MgSO4 produced faster, cleaner bowel prep and more bowel movements in elderly patients.

PubMed ID: 31952280

Oral magnesium oxide increased stool frequency and softened stool in constipated children — clear laxative/digestive effect.

PubMed ID: 32969946

Oral MgO (1.5 g/day) produced large, significant improvements in stool frequency and constipation QOL vs placebo.

PubMed ID: 33481179

Oral Mg sulfate markedly increased stool frequency and relieved constipation in children with spastic CP (large RCT effect).

PubMed ID: 35032204

Small RCT: magnesium‑alginate suspension reduced laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms/signs similar to omeprazole—direct digestive symptom benefit (alginate formulation).

PubMed ID: 39354673

Study population were patients already taking magnesium oxide for opioid constipation; results show benefit of adding naldemedine, indicating Mg oxide is commonly used for bowel management (contextual support).

PubMed ID: 26604159

MgSO4 maintenance (12 h) prevented recurrent eclamptic seizures as effectively as 24 h—strong anticonvulsant/neuronal stabilizing effect in eclampsia.

PubMed ID: 26395085

IV Mg produced deeper anesthesia (lower BIS) indicative of central nervous system depressant/sedative action.

PubMed ID: 25742794

Pre‑injection intraoral magnesium increased the success of dental anesthesia (reduced block failure), consistent with local neural membrane effects.

PubMed ID: 26498603

Short (6 h) postpartum MgSO4 prevented recurrent convulsions comparably to 24 h regimen—strong evidence of seizure prevention/neural calming.

PubMed ID: 26254839

Antenatal Mg reduced risk of cerebral palsy and early cranial ultrasound lesions in preterm infants—neuroprotective effects consistent with neural stabilization.

PubMed ID: 25656375

Reduced emergence agitation in children after adenotonsillectomy—evidence of anxiolytic/calmative perioperative effect.

PubMed ID: 25278139

IV magnesium gave faster, larger acute migraine pain relief versus active comparator—indicates neuronal excitability modulation relevant to nerve calming.

PubMed ID: 24890747

12-h postpartum Mg provided seizure prophylaxis similar to 24-h protocol with faster recovery—strong relevance to neural calming.

PubMed ID: 25483417

Postpartum single-dose Mg provided effective eclampsia prophylaxis with fewer side effects—strong evidence of Mg's anticonvulsant/neurocalming action in this context.

PubMed ID: 40458810

Preop IV Mg markedly cut emergence agitation and improved recovery scores — robust evidence for anxiolytic/anti‑agitation effect in the perioperative setting.

PubMed ID: 23909742

Marked reduction in emergence agitation in children implies a calming/anti‑agitation effect.

PubMed ID: 22741259

Moxibustion increased Mg and decreased pain in migraine patients—reduced nociceptive input and inflammation can 'calm' nervous responses.

PubMed ID: 22261127

Shortened MgSO4 prophylaxis was non-inferior for seizure prevention postpartum—highly relevant to nervous-system stabilization.

PubMed ID: 22309432

Mg in severe TCA poisoning greatly shortened ICU stay and trended to lower mortality—strong therapeutic effect in severe neurocardiotoxicity.

PubMed ID: 22064369

Perioperative Mg lowered anesthetic requirements and blunted hemodynamic intubation stress—evidence of nervous-system dampening.

PubMed ID: 21534749

Low‑dose IV magnesium worked as well as standard IM regimen to stop eclamptic seizures with less drug—strong evidence for Mg's anticonvulsant/neuroprotective effect in eclampsia.

PubMed ID: 21744767

Mg is established therapy for eclampsia/seizure prevention; trial of dosing regimens supports Mg's anticonvulsant/nerve‑stabilizing role.

PubMed ID: 21145193

Intrathecal Mg as an adjunct substantially reduced morphine consumption and need for titration — strong evidence of central neuromodulatory/analgesic effect.

PubMed ID: 19933175

Intraoperative IV Mg improved pain control and lowered opioid requirements post‑op, consistent with a calming/analgesic central effect.

PubMed ID: 19783538

IV magnesium lowered BIS and reduced anesthetic/opioid requirements during C‑section—supports CNS depressant/nerve‑calming effects intraoperatively.

PubMed ID: 17055945

Magnesium in tetanus reduced autonomic instability and decreased need for antiarrhythmic/sedative drugs—modulates autonomic/sympathetic activity.

PubMed ID: 16115978

Mg greatly reduced etomidate‑induced myoclonus — suggests central/peripheral stabilizing effect on neural excitability.

PubMed ID: 12786918

Oral Mg oxide reduced migraine days and severity in children—consistent with reducing neural hyperexcitability.

PubMed ID: 12131941

IV Mg shortened and relieved migraine aura (central nervous system symptom improvement).

PubMed ID: 12214831

Single loading dose regimen controlled eclamptic fits as effectively as standard Mg regimen.

PubMed ID: 12225549

Postnatal Mg infusion improved short-term neurological outcomes after birth asphyxia (neuroprotective signal).

PubMed ID: 12057549

MgSO4 halved the risk of eclampsia (powerful anticonvulsant/neuroprotective clinical effect in pregnancy).

PubMed ID: 10533328

In eclampsia magnesium sulfate prevented recurrent seizures far more effectively than phenytoin—strong anticonvulsant/CNS stabilising evidence.

PubMed ID: 9926482

Randomized trial in eclampsia: magnesium stopped seizures faster and accelerated recovery of consciousness — direct CNS calming effect.

PubMed ID: 9532990

Large RCT in severe pre‑eclampsia showed major reduction in eclampsia incidence — strong prevention of CNS excitability.

PubMed ID: 9070556

Strong RCT evidence: Mg greatly reduced autonomic symptoms and catecholamine excretion in symptomatic MVP—clear nervous system calming effect.

PubMed ID: 8792038

Oral Mg reduced migraine frequency—suggests modulation of neuronal excitability and central nervous system hyperexcitability.

PubMed ID: 7791836

Large randomized trial in hypertensive women in labour: magnesium sulfate prevented eclamptic seizures while phenytoin did not.

PubMed ID: 7769899

Large randomized trial: Mg sulfate markedly reduced recurrent seizures in eclampsia versus diazepam or phenytoin — strong neurologic/anti‑convulsant effect.

PubMed ID: 7959501

Oral magnesium (600 mg/day) reduced migraine attacks in a small pilot RCT—relevant to neural excitability and calming effects on the nervous system.

PubMed ID: 7999526

Lower Mg in migraineurs with muscle hypersensitivity suggests Mg's role in stabilizing neuromuscular excitability.

PubMed ID: 7980301

Large RCT in eclampsia: magnesium sulfate markedly reduced recurrent seizures and maternal complications — strong neural stabilizing effect.

PubMed ID: 1478512

In severe preeclampsia magnesium sulfate performed similarly to diazepam in seizure prevention—clear central nervous system/calming anticonvulsant effect.

PubMed ID: 2180472

MgSO4 in eclampsia associated with fewer recurrent convulsions and better neonatal outcomes vs diazepam — neurologic benefit.

PubMed ID: 14741074

Combination product containing magnesium reduced anxiety vs placebo — supports nervous-system calming (multi-ingredient).

PubMed ID: 29710825

Multi‑ingredient amino‑acid/vitamin/mineral supplement including Mg significantly reduced perceived stress versus placebo.

PubMed ID: 27998859

IV magnesium markedly reduced emergence agitation and improved calming metrics after esophageal cancer surgery — strong CNS calming signal in perioperative context.

PubMed ID: 25916335

Migraine supplement containing Mg improved pain intensity and HIT‑6—suggests central symptom relief.

PubMed ID: 22895810

Oral Mg oxide reduced migraine frequency/severity—consistent with calming/neuromodulatory CNS effects.

PubMed ID: 25792176

IV magnesium produced clinically meaningful analgesia in some patients with chronic postherpetic neuralgia—supports Mg’s neuro‑modulatory/nerve‑calming potential (small open trial).

PubMed ID: 28873075

Large RCT showed marked reduction in postoperative agitation with IV magnesium — strong evidence for acute calming/anti‑agitation effect.

PubMed ID: 27933574

Duplicate entry avoided in practice; same study supports calming/autonomic effects (kept for emphasis).

PubMed ID: 20228677

IV magnesium after aneurysmal SAH substantially reduced delayed ischemic infarction and vasospasm — a neuroprotective effect though not anxiety-specific.

PubMed ID: 12540643

Large RCT: IV MgSO4 prevented eclampsia seizures far better than comparator—strong evidence of central nervous system stabilizing (calming) effect.

PubMed ID: 7508827

Large reductions in ventricular ectopy/VT after IV magnesium indicate strong anti-excitability (calming) effects on cardiac/neuronal excitability pathways.

PubMed ID: 38309436

IV Mg rapidly and markedly reduced opioid‑withdrawal signs and need for sedatives — clear anti‑excitation/nerve‑calming effect.

PubMed ID: 17338610

Lower sedative and opioid use and reduced procedural pain with IV magnesium is consistent with calming/comforting effect.

PubMed ID: 17378788

Regional magnesium reduced opioid needs postoperatively, consistent with reduced nociception/anxiety and calmer recovery.

PubMed ID: 12411798

Marked reduction in propofol requirements indicates magnesium potentiates sedative/anxiolytic effects (calming) during anesthesia.

PubMed ID: 36734446

Adjunct IV magnesium (especially with dexmedetomidine) markedly shortened delirium duration and improved neurochemical markers — strong evidence of central calming/neurostabilizing action.

PubMed ID: 35484175

IV magnesium (alone or with thiamine) led to faster symptom resolution in alcohol withdrawal — clinically meaningful calming/anticonvulsant/anti‑excitatory effect.

PubMed ID: 19617379

IV magnesium reduced catecholamine and vasopressin release during pneumoperitoneum and blunted BP surges — supports neural/autonomic calming.

PubMed ID: 18582257

In severe tetanus IV magnesium reduced autonomic dysfunction and catecholamine/adrenaline excretion — clear calming of overactive autonomic responses.

PubMed ID: 24292304

Postnatal Mg infusion after perinatal asphyxia improved short‑term neurological outcomes—evidence of neuroprotection/calming in neonates.

PubMed ID: 39530752

IV Mg significantly reduced emergence agitation after sevoflurane in children (calming effect).

PubMed ID: 39242786

Trial with probiotics+Mg+CoQ10 reduced anxiety and stress scores (direct anxiolytic signal in combined intervention).

PubMed ID: 37026195

Single‑loading Mg dose matched full regimen for eclampsia prevention—supports neural stabilizing effect.

PubMed ID: 37749511

Intraop Mg substantially reduced emergence agitation after anesthesia—evidence of calming/anti‑excitability action.

PubMed ID: 36917898

Mg regimens prevented seizures in severe pre‑eclampsia—clear evidence of reducing neuronal hyperexcitability.

PubMed ID: 38126183

Higher serum magnesium associated with less hematoma expansion and early neurologic worsening in ICH subgroup, suggesting neuroprotective/ calming associations (observational).

PubMed ID: 35304745

Large RCT: magnesium sulfate prevents eclamptic seizures—strong neural/calming anticonvulsant effect in that setting.

PubMed ID: 35631229

Fibromyalgia trial showed marked stress reduction in a subgroup, consistent with anxiolytic/nerve‑calming signals.

PubMed ID: 36587225

RLS adjunct trial: Mg reduced symptom severity and improved sleep, consistent with neuromodulatory (calming) effects.

PubMed ID: 33745609

Oral magnesium improved depression scores in an RCT, consistent with anxiolytic/nerve‑calming effects in some patients.

PubMed ID: 33611742

Perioperative Mg lowered cortisol and reduced pain/opioid needs, consistent with reduced physiologic stress.

PubMed ID: 33864354

Mg supplementation substantially lowered anxiety and depression scores in stressed adults — strong anxiolytic signal.

PubMed ID: 33030273

Long‑term Mg lowered cortisol and altered glucocorticoid metabolism, physiologically consistent with calming effects.

PubMed ID: 30798472

Oral Mg oxide performed comparably to valproate for migraine prevention—direct neural‑excitability modulation evidence.

PubMed ID: 30562392

Oral Mg reduced perceived stress markedly in stressed adults—direct calming/mood effect.

PubMed ID: 29453467

Mg regimen in pre‑eclampsia showed seizure prevention with less toxicity — relevant to CNS stabilization.

PubMed ID: 28714170

Mg provided seizure control in eclampsia—strong CNS/nerve‑calming evidence.

PubMed ID: 28654669

Oral Mg chloride produced large, significant reductions in anxiety and depression scores.

PubMed ID: 27177525

Maternal Mg near delivery was associated with ~60% lower adjusted odds of cerebral palsy in preterm offspring—neuroprotective/nerve‑calming implication.

PubMed ID: 26364667

In severe preeclampsia, MgSO4 prevented postpartum seizures as effectively in 12 h vs 24 h—direct anticonvulsant/neuronal-stabilizing effect.

PubMed ID: 39247774

Preinduction IV Mg attenuated systolic BP responses to pneumoperitoneum (direct BP‑lowering/stabilizing effect).

PubMed ID: 41043170

Randomized trial in pheochromocytoma surgery: preemptive Mg significantly reduced intraoperative BP excursions and vasodilator requirements — strong BP‑related effect.

PubMed ID: 16820345

Randomized K++Mg trial showed clinically meaningful systolic/diastolic BP reductions and large C2 improvements.

PubMed ID: 19020533

Randomized, placebo-controlled trial: oral magnesium markedly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypomagnesemic diabetic hypertensives.

PubMed ID: 19336644

Double‑blind RCT: oral magnesium L‑lactate produced a clinically relevant systolic BP reduction at 12 weeks in ICD patients—direct BP lowering evidence.

PubMed ID: 21888642

Replacing salt with a Na‑reduced, K/Mg‑rich mineral salt lowered SBP by ~11 mmHg net in people with mildly elevated BP (randomized, double‑blind).

PubMed ID: 23254595

Salt substitute containing Mg lowered SBP modestly over 2 years—BP benefit though Mg's independent role is uncertain.

PubMed ID: 24259558

Higher dietary Mg associated with lower cardiovascular mortality in high‑CVD‑risk older adults; BP likely a mediator.

PubMed ID: 23333201

Bolus Mg best controlled blood‑pressure response to intubation in hypertensive patients without causing hypotension.

PubMed ID: 24830937

Oral Mg chloride for 4 months lowered systolic BP significantly in hypomagnesemic MONW subjects—strong direct BP support.

PubMed ID: 25338053

Salt-substitute (low Na, high K, containing MgSO4) significantly lowered systolic and diastolic BP—BP benefit observed though not solely attributable to Mg.

PubMed ID: 29793665

In hypomagnesemic MetS patients oral Mg reduced systolic and diastolic BP significantly.

PubMed ID: 30471072

Multicomponent nutraceutical including Mg lowered morning and some evening BP in pre/mild hypertensives (Mg attribution uncertain).

PubMed ID: 31862004

IV Mg blunted pneumoperitoneum‑induced MAP/SVR rises—clear perioperative BP‑modulating effect.

PubMed ID: 30700348

MgSO4 included in combination therapy for severe preeclampsia associated with improved endothelial biomarkers and perinatal outcomes (BP relevance).

PubMed ID: 35576873

Randomized trial showed magnesium + vitamin D produced a modest but clinically relevant ~6 mmHg drop in systolic BP.

PubMed ID: 37010174

Mg L‑lactate lowered office SBP and ambulatory HR in women with metabolic syndrome—direct BP benefit.

PubMed ID: 39380547

400 mg/day Mg increased ionized Mg and reduced systolic (~8.3 mmHg) and diastolic BP in metabolic syndrome—strong direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 39948445

Throat Mg spray attenuated the systolic BP surge after intubation versus lidocaine spray — clinically meaningful transient BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 41321132

Nifedipine + magnesium sulfate improved systolic/diastolic BP in gestational hypertension compared with an alternative regimen — direct BP improvement in pregnancy context.

PubMed ID: 9389897

Randomized oral magnesium (411–548 mg/day) for 4 weeks significantly lowered systolic and diastolic BP in healthy volunteers.

PubMed ID: 19617379

IV magnesium before pneumoperitoneum reduced systolic/diastolic pressures and catecholamine/vasopressin release — clear BP‑modulating effect in surgery.

PubMed ID: 23093587

Large population studies showed higher dietary Mg intake linked to modestly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

PubMed ID: 36277012

Magnesium sulfate (as part of combination therapy) improved blood pressure control and related endothelial indices in pregnancy‑induced hypertension.

PubMed ID: 37074522

Well‑powered RCT in severe preeclampsia: IV magnesium sulfate produced large, rapid reductions in systolic BP — direct, strong evidence for BP‑lowering effect in hypertensive obstetric setting.

PubMed ID: 7919085

Large multicenter epidemiologic study linked higher urinary magnesium with lower diastolic BP and favorable cardiovascular associations.

PubMed ID: 33978350

Combined L‑arginine+magnesium reduced abnormal uterine Doppler findings and fewer new antihypertensive starts in high‑risk pregnancies — suggests BP/stabilization benefit in this context (combination therapy).

PubMed ID: 7913949

Crossover study in hypertensive patients on β‑blockers found rises in serum Mg and modest/inconsistent systolic BP decreases on supplementation.

PubMed ID: 8017327

Placebo‑controlled trial in older women showed a small but statistically significant diastolic BP reduction after 6 months oral magnesium.

PubMed ID: 2364920

Dietary intervention richer in potassium and magnesium produced clinically meaningful BP reductions (multi-nutrient intervention but includes Mg).

PubMed ID: 1930849

Six‑month oral Mg raised urinary Mg; no overall BP change but subjects with low baseline Mg tended to lower BP—moderate, subgroup‑dependent evidence.

PubMed ID: 9095079

Large observational cohort in children: higher dietary magnesium associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP over 3 years — moderate supportive evidence.

PubMed ID: 15571635

Mineral‑rich water with higher Mg produced clinically significant reductions in systolic and diastolic BP in low‑Mg individuals.

PubMed ID: 16822627

Dairy‑rich nutrition programme increased Mg intake and produced modest SBP reductions in postmenopausal women (multicomponent intervention).

PubMed ID: 17761231

Large DASH‑style randomized intervention increased dietary Mg and substantially lowered systolic BP; Mg is one of several nutrients involved.

PubMed ID: 18953498

IV MgSO4 acutely lowered systolic and diastolic BP in ED patients, demonstrating short‑term antihypertensive effect.

PubMed ID: 22361711

Observational human study: communities with higher drinking‑water Mg had higher serum Mg and lower diastolic BP (strongest BP link here).

PubMed ID: 32996010

Increasing dialysate Mg reduced systolic BP (~13 mmHg) and improved arterial stiffness—direct blood‑pressure benefit in hemodialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 18538047

Magnesium sulfate reliably produced controlled hypotension intraoperatively — demonstrates a direct blood pressure‑lowering/hemodynamic effect in context.

PubMed ID: 2134545

Large randomized diet study (higher potassium/magnesium/fiber) produced marked systolic/diastolic BP reductions—strong evidence for diet‑related BP lowering where Mg was a component.

PubMed ID: 10828704

Randomized trial in pregnancy-induced hypertension: magnesium lowered systolic (and later diastolic) BP more than methyldopa — strong BP effect in that context.

PubMed ID: 2248695

Long-term higher magnesium intake associated with fewer complications and lower mortality; may reflect BP-related benefits among high-risk people.

PubMed ID: 1763608

Randomized trial in pregnancy-induced hypertension: short IV then oral magnesium significantly reduced mean arterial pressure.

PubMed ID: 7920126

Low‑sodium, high‑K and high‑Mg salt lowered systolic BP ~7.6 mmHg in older hypertensive adults (confounded by sodium/K).

PubMed ID: 7486271

IV Mg produced rapid reductions in MAP and SVR during cardiopulmonary bypass (small RCT with direct BP effect).

PubMed ID: 8845292

Prophylactic IV Mg prevented perioperative hypertensive surges in elderly hypertensive patients (DBL‑blind trial).

PubMed ID: 9642379

Low‑dose oral magnesium from 28 weeks significantly reduced pregnancy‑induced hypertension incidence in a randomized trial.

PubMed ID: 9532990

Magnesium reduced eclampsia incidence in severe pre‑eclampsia — relevant to BP‑related obstetric complications.

PubMed ID: 9768774

Intravenous magnesium acutely lowered mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance during intubation — short‑term BP effects.

PubMed ID: 9719052

Randomized crossover study: oral magnesium produced small but statistically significant reductions in office, home and 24‑h BP.

PubMed ID: 17012443

Preeclampsia postpartum study of magnesium durations is directly within hypertensive pregnancy management (seizure prophylaxis context).

PubMed ID: 16670112

IV magnesium produced significant intraoperative MAP reductions—acute BP‑lowering effect.

PubMed ID: 36013512

IV magnesium prevented high‑grade shivering after spinal anaesthesia (reduced involuntary muscle activity → relaxation effect).

PubMed ID: 36587225

Magnesium improved RLS symptoms and sleep quality vs control and vitamin B6, consistent with a relaxation/neuromodulatory effect.

PubMed ID: 33745609

Oral magnesium improved depression scores (mood/psychological relaxation) in an 8‑week RCT.

PubMed ID: 33611742

IV Mg during surgery lowered cortisol and opioid needs and reduced early pain — physiological relaxation effects.

PubMed ID: 34719399

Reduced nocturnal leg cramps and improved sleep, which supports relaxation and nighttime calm.

PubMed ID: 40458810

Randomized double‑blind trial: preop IV Mg markedly reduced emergence agitation and improved recovery scores — strong evidence Mg can reduce perioperative agitation and promote calmness.

PubMed ID: 33864354

Supplementation reduced anxiety and depression scores and improved mental QoL in stressed adults.

PubMed ID: 33030273

6‑month oral Mg reduced cortisol and altered glucocorticoid metabolism — a mechanistic relaxation/stress effect.

PubMed ID: 30995329

IV Mg reduced sedative requirements in ICU—promotes calmer sedation management and earlier recovery.

PubMed ID: 31651246

Intrathecal Mg greatly reduced shivering and opioid rescue—clear comfort/relief effect.

PubMed ID: 30562392

Oral Mg reduced perceived stress scores substantially in low‑Mg, stressed adults.

PubMed ID: 28654669

Oral Mg chloride produced substantial reductions in anxiety scores (GAD-7).

PubMed ID: 26395085

IV Mg in children under anaesthesia produced faster/deeper reductions in BIS and lower respiratory drive—evidence of central sedative/sparing effect.

PubMed ID: 25656375

Local magnesium reduced emergence agitation in children—direct evidence for calming/relaxation in immediate perioperative period.

PubMed ID: 38108626

Perioperative IV magnesium reduced early pain and improved quality of recovery (patient‑reported relaxation/wellbeing).

PubMed ID: 24772415

IV magnesium during spinal anesthesia prolonged sensory block and reduced postoperative pain—supports perioperative relaxation/comfort.

PubMed ID: 24635528

IV Mg plus ketamine reduced morphine use and improved first‑night sleep/satisfaction—supports relaxation and restful recovery.

PubMed ID: 23807278

Mg added to paravertebral block prolonged analgesia and reduced opioid needs, promoting postoperative comfort/relaxation.

PubMed ID: 23909742

Intraoperative Mg halved emergence agitation in children — strong signal for calming/relaxing effect.

PubMed ID: 39534260

Mg lowered morning cortisol and modestly increased melatonin while reducing insomnia—physiologic markers consistent with relaxation.

PubMed ID: 38042781

Perioperative Mg reduced catheter‑related bladder discomfort (CRBD), lowering distress/tension in early postoperative period.

PubMed ID: 35631229

Fibromyalgia trial showed reduced stress in mild‑moderately stressed subgroup after low‑dose oral Mg (stress reduction implies relaxation).

PubMed ID: 22728648

Pre‑induction Mg improved intubation conditions via muscle relaxation without hemodynamic compromise—clear relaxation effect.

PubMed ID: 22064369

Perioperative Mg infusion lowered anesthetic MAC and blunted intubation hemodynamic/stress responses—consistent with sedative/relaxant properties.

PubMed ID: 20873252

Spa interventions including Mg baths reported improved well‑being; plausibly related to relaxation though multifactorial.

PubMed ID: 20833531

Epidural Mg improved muscle relaxation and reduced shivering/delayed postoperative pain after C‑section — direct relaxation effect.

PubMed ID: 21145193

Adding intrathecal Mg reduced morphine needs — indicates adjunct calming/analgesic effect.

PubMed ID: 19933175

Intraoperative IV Mg improved postoperative pain control and reduced analgesic use, consistent with increased perioperative comfort/relaxation.

PubMed ID: 20400004

Perioperative IV Mg markedly reduced shivering incidence — clear physiologic relaxation/anti‑shiver effect.

PubMed ID: 19783538

Intraoperative IV magnesium lowered processed EEG (BIS) and reduced anesthetic/opioid needs—evidence of sedative/relaxant effects in clinical setting.

PubMed ID: 18820247

Epidural magnesium given before surgery reduced postoperative pain and analgesic consumption—supports muscle/nerve relaxation and comfort.

PubMed ID: 17601897

IV Mg achieved uterine quiescence more often than oral nifedipine (muscle relaxation/tocolysis).

PubMed ID: 17437152

IV Mg potentiated neuromuscular block and lowered anesthetic needs (muscle/central relaxation effect).

PubMed ID: 16701189

Perineural magnesium markedly prolonged sensory/motor block durations—produces local relaxation/analgesia.

PubMed ID: 17042843

IV magnesium during general anaesthesia reduced anaesthetic and opioid requirements, consistent with enhanced perioperative relaxation/analgesia.

PubMed ID: 17055945

In severe tetanus magnesium reduced sedative/muscle relaxant requirements and lessened autonomic instability—sedation/sympathetic modulation.

PubMed ID: 15653705

Perioperative IV Mg reduced anesthetic requirements and sped induction—consistent with sedative/relaxant properties in humans.

PubMed ID: 15261316

Perioperative magnesium improved early postoperative comfort and first‑night sleep — evidence for short‑term relaxation/comfort.

PubMed ID: 12393361

Perioperative IV Mg reduced anesthetic and opioid requirements (supports relaxant properties).

PubMed ID: 10325838

Physiologic study showed magnesium slows neuromuscular recovery from vecuronium, consistent with neuromuscular depressant/relaxant effects.

PubMed ID: 9926482

In eclampsia, magnesium stopped seizures faster and patients regained consciousness sooner — powerful CNS/anticonvulsant (calming) effect.

PubMed ID: 9532990

Large trial in severe pre‑eclampsia showed magnesium greatly reduced eclampsia incidence — prevents major CNS hyperexcitable events.

PubMed ID: 9070556

Randomized crossover: Mg greatly reduced MVP symptoms and catecholamine excretion—direct physiologic evidence of reduced sympathetic activation/relaxation.

PubMed ID: 14741074

Fixed combination containing magnesium produced clinically meaningful reductions in anxiety versus placebo — supports relaxation (multi-ingredient).

PubMed ID: 29710825

Amino‑acid + vitamin/mineral supplement (including Mg) significantly reduced perceived stress vs placebo over 12 weeks.

PubMed ID: 27998859

IV magnesium during surgery significantly lowered emergence agitation and postoperative tension — direct calming CNS effect in perioperative setting.

PubMed ID: 28873075

Large RCT: intraoperative magnesium markedly reduced agitation and pain and shortened PACU stay — strong evidence for acute calming/relaxant effect perioperatively.

PubMed ID: 27933574

400 mg/day Mg improved HRV (↑pNN50, ↓LF/HF) and reduced stress index—direct relaxation/autonomic effects.

PubMed ID: 21189381

IV calcium/magnesium reduced acute muscle spasms in chemotherapy patients — consistent with muscle relaxation effect.

PubMed ID: 7508827

IV magnesium markedly reduced ventricular ectopy and arrhythmias which can be experienced as autonomic/cardiac hyperexcitability; supports calming effects.

PubMed ID: 38309436

IV magnesium produced rapid, large reductions in objective opioid‑withdrawal scores and reduced sedative rescue use — strong calming/anti‑sympathetic effect.

PubMed ID: 17338610

IV magnesium during monitored anesthesia reduced sedative (midazolam) and opioid use and transient pain, supporting a relaxing/sedation‑potentiating effect.

PubMed ID: 17378788

Intrathecal/epidural magnesium reduced postoperative opioid consumption substantially, consistent with enhanced perioperative comfort/relaxation.

PubMed ID: 12411798

IV magnesium markedly reduced propofol infusion requirements during anesthesia, indicating potentiation of sedation/relaxation.

PubMed ID: 36734446

IV magnesium (with dexmedetomidine) markedly shortened delirium and altered cortisol/serotonin, consistent with central calming/relaxation effects.

PubMed ID: 35484175

IV magnesium accelerated symptom resolution in alcohol withdrawal, consistent with an anxiolytic/relaxing effect in this setting.

PubMed ID: 22012543

Adding magnesium to interscalene bupivacaine prolonged analgesia by ~111 minutes and reduced pain at 12 h — supports postoperative relaxation.

PubMed ID: 19179979

IV magnesium with remifentanil lowered early pain scores and reduced postoperative morphine needs — analgesic effect that promotes relaxation/comfort.

PubMed ID: 7781349

IV magnesium improved lung function and reduced admissions in severe acute asthma subgroup—likely via smooth-muscle relaxation.

PubMed ID: 8179541

IV magnesium reduced uterine activity (tocolysis), demonstrating smooth-muscle relaxation in clinical setting.

PubMed ID: 1407926

Large randomized trial: magnesium tocolysis increased term delivery and latency — indicates uterine relaxation/antispasmodic effect.

PubMed ID: 1892185

Oral magnesium chloride prevented recurrent preterm labor comparably to ritodrine — supports uterine relaxation activity.

PubMed ID: 2206076

Oral magnesium oxide delivered similar tocolysis to terbutaline with fewer side effects — supports a muscle‑relaxant/relaxation effect.

PubMed ID: 26465641

Intrathecal Mg prolonged analgesia and reduced opioid use after spine surgery, consistent with increased comfort/relaxation.

PubMed ID: 26969660

Intraoperative Mg improved surgical conditions and reduced neuromuscular blocker needs and early pain—consistent with muscle relaxation and comfort.

PubMed ID: 21189381

IV Ca/Mg significantly reduced acute muscle spasms in chemo patients — strong signal for improved neuromuscular outcomes.

PubMed ID: 40178314

Double‑blind RCT: IV Mg before induction clearly altered rocuronium pharmacodynamics (faster onset, prolonged duration) — strong, direct effect on neuromuscular function (important clinically).

PubMed ID: 39558412

Reduced pain and improved early function after UKA when Mg included in infiltration—functional muscle benefit postoperatively.

PubMed ID: 37393856

IV magnesium after sugammadex caused frequent recurarization — strong evidence Mg influences neuromuscular transmission (adverse effect).

PubMed ID: 37897256

Perioperative Mg enhanced rocuronium action (onset/recovery) showing clear neuromuscular effects.

PubMed ID: 36123724

Intratrigger‑point MgSO4 injections improved muscle pain and mouth opening (functional muscle benefit in masseter).

PubMed ID: 36013512

High‑dose IV magnesium prevented shivering (reduced involuntary muscle activity), indicating an effect on muscle control.

PubMed ID: 34403648

Pre‑induction IV magnesium shortened rocuronium onset and increased perfusion index, showing clear effects on neuromuscular pharmacodynamics.

PubMed ID: 32890015

Robust RCT: IV magnesium reduced required rocuronium infusion by ~20% to maintain deep neuromuscular block—clear effect on neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 34719399

MgO monohydrate substantially reduced nocturnal leg cramp frequency/duration, directly improving muscle symptoms.

PubMed ID: 32955720

Vitamin D + Mg improved handgrip strength and TGUG in vitamin D–deficient middle-aged women (Mg contribution plausible but not isolated).

PubMed ID: 28714170

IM Mg was as effective as IV Mg for eclampsia seizure control—direct neuromuscular/anticonvulsant effect on muscles.

PubMed ID: 26969660

IV Mg during laparoscopic gastrectomy reduced rocuronium requirement and improved operating conditions—direct effect on neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 26315876

Mg bolus improved onset of neuromuscular block and intubating conditions — direct, strong evidence of neuromuscular modulation.

PubMed ID: 24635528

IV Mg added to ketamine reduced opioid use and improved immediate sleep/satisfaction after major surgery—supports improved postoperative muscle/physical recovery.

PubMed ID: 25008857

Elderly women: 12 weeks oral Mg improved SPPB, chair‑stand time and walking speed—direct evidence of improved muscle performance.

PubMed ID: 23635996

Pre‑rocuronium Mg sped onset of neuromuscular block in older patients — clinically relevant effect on muscle response.

PubMed ID: 22752440

IV magnesium dose-dependently accelerated onset and increased intensity of neuromuscular block—demonstrates major effect at neuromuscular junctions.

PubMed ID: 22767646

IV Mg attenuated increased rocuronium requirements induced by valproic acid—affects neuromuscular blocker pharmacodynamics.

PubMed ID: 22728648

Pre‑induction Mg improved intubation conditions by enhancing muscle relaxation—clear neuromuscular effect.

PubMed ID: 23094900

Mg added to local anesthetic sped onset and prolonged sensory/motor block—direct impact on muscle/nerve function.

PubMed ID: 22420830

Pre-rocuronium Mg sped paralysis onset and improved intubation conditions—modulation of neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 22909270

Oral Mg significantly reduced leg-cramp frequency/intensity in pregnancy—direct support for muscle function/cramp prevention.

PubMed ID: 20171080

Intrathecal Mg prolonged spinal anaesthesia and motor block in preeclamptic women — demonstrates Mg's neuromuscular effect.

PubMed ID: 20833531

Epidural Mg improved motor block/muscle relaxation during C‑section — direct effect on muscle relaxation/neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 19919585

Randomized study showed magnesium pretreatment sped onset and prolonged recovery of rocuronium neuromuscular block—clear pharmacologic effect on neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 20042475

Children undergoing orthopaedic surgery: IV magnesium reduced rocuronium requirements (~31% reduction) and lowered postoperative pain—direct effect on neuromuscular blocker dosing and muscle relaxant needs.

PubMed ID: 18276652

IV magnesium reduced neuromuscular blocker requirements during anesthesia, directly demonstrating an effect on muscle/neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 17985581

IV magnesium reduced vecuronium requirements and influenced neuromuscular blockade, showing clear effects on muscle function/neuromuscular transmission.

PubMed ID: 17437152

IV Mg potentiated neuromuscular block and reduced anesthetic needs (direct muscle function effect).

PubMed ID: 17055945

In tetanus magnesium infusion reduced requirements for muscle relaxants and sedatives to control spasms—therapeutic muscle‑stabilizing effect.

PubMed ID: 16115978

Single IV Mg dose before etomidate markedly reduced myoclonic movements during induction — direct effect on involuntary muscle activity.

PubMed ID: 12615252

Oral Mg increased intracellular Mg and improved exercise duration in CAD patients (muscle performance effect).

PubMed ID: 12160198

Skeletal muscle Mg content correlated inversely with fasting glucose changes; demonstrates muscle Mg relevance to metabolism.

PubMed ID: 12393361

IV Mg substantially potentiated neuromuscular blockade and reduced muscle relaxant requirements.

PubMed ID: 12011773

Oral Mg showed trend/subjective benefit for nocturnal leg cramps (muscle symptom relief).

PubMed ID: 11580778

Intraoperative IV Mg substantially reduced neuromuscular blocker consumption, indicating an effect on muscle excitability/requirements.

PubMed ID: 7999526

Migraine patients had lower serum/erythrocyte Mg and increased muscle irritability — direct link to neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 1814318

Oral magnesium-lactate-citrate for 6 weeks effectively corrected magnesium deficiency — direct support for muscle function via repletion.

PubMed ID: 39999641

In older women, adequate magnesium intake was associated with better strength gains during resistance training—supports role in muscle function.

PubMed ID: 22648717

300 mg/d oral magnesium produced +11% predicted MIP and +11.9% MEP vs placebo — clear improvement in respiratory muscle function.

PubMed ID: 35941548

Transforaminal magnesium injections led to large, sustained improvements in pain and functional disability (spine) with antioxidant increases.

PubMed ID: 32807165

Whey drink with magnesium increased fat‑free mass and handgrip strength vs control—strong functional muscle outcome though multi‑nutrient.

PubMed ID: 39407315

Topical MgSO4 iontophoresis substantially reduced trapezius trigger‑point pain and improved neck function/ROM in RCT—direct functional muscle benefit (topical use).

PubMed ID: 30517252

Perioperative Mg prevented hypomagnesemia and arrhythmia — supports cardiac (muscle) electrophysiology and function.

PubMed ID: 14506619

Mg–creatine chelate increased peak knee extension torque and intracellular hydration — clear muscle function improvement (combo product).

PubMed ID: 40009802

Dose‑dependent Mg reduced fasciculations markedly and decreased postoperative muscle pain (strong effect on muscle response).

PubMed ID: 25823155

Double‑blind RCT showed Mg sulfate reduced succinylcholine‑related muscle fasciculations significantly.

PubMed ID: 17876916

Mg pretreatment reduced succinylcholine‑induced potassium rise (0.3 mmol/L) and decreased fasciculation severity.

PubMed ID: 17067136

Mg pretreatment reduced fasciculations and attenuated hemodynamic changes—clear muscle‑function benefit.

PubMed ID: 41683292

High Ca/Mg mineral water increased appendicular muscle mass and reduced falls at 6 months—strongest direct human evidence in dataset linking Mg‑rich intake to muscle outcomes.

PubMed ID: 36079832

Observational data (n=392) show higher Mg intake linked to greater lower‑limb muscle strength—direct functional association.

PubMed ID: 22859321

IV magnesium early in severe pediatric asthma markedly reduced need for mechanical ventilation—consistent with smooth muscle (bronchial) relaxation effects of Mg.

PubMed ID: 19317065

Randomized trial showed clear, clinically meaningful effects of IV Mg on onset/duration/recovery of neuromuscular blockade—direct influence on muscle function.

PubMed ID: 11067788

Oral Mg increased cellular Mg and improved exercise tolerance and some ischemic markers—consistent with improved muscle/vascular function.

PubMed ID: 9187591

IV magnesium loading produced large increases in serum/ionized magnesium — strong physiologic basis for magnesium's role in neuromuscular function.

PubMed ID: 8565536

In hypokalemic ICU patients, IV magnesium improved net magnesium retention and achieved a positive potassium balance — correct electrolyte status is fundamental to muscle function.

PubMed ID: 7508827

IV magnesium substantially reduced ventricular ectopy (cardiac muscle excitability) — strong evidence of Mg effect on muscle/contractile electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 1443440

Randomized trial in chronic alcoholics: oral magnesium improved muscle strength — direct evidence for supporting muscle function.

PubMed ID: 1407926

Magnesium tocolysis increased latency to delivery — strong evidence of uterine (smooth muscle) relaxation and direct muscle effect.

PubMed ID: 8179541

IV magnesium reduced uterine contractions (direct effect on smooth muscle), evidence of magnesium affecting muscle activity.

PubMed ID: 7781349

Improved bronchodilation in severe asthma suggests magnesium-mediated smooth-muscle function benefit.

PubMed ID: 22399124

IV Mg raised mechanical pain thresholds and reduced analgesic needs after remifentanil, indicating neuromodulatory benefits relevant to muscle pain/function.

PubMed ID: 38732615

Multi‑ingredient intervention including magnesium increased muscle mass and handgrip strength in older sarcopenic adults — supportive but attribution to Mg alone is limited.

PubMed ID: 9669426

Magnesium reduced contrast‑induced renal function decline in a small RCT — protective for renal/fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 10401023

Potassium‑magnesium citrate improved serum potassium and preserved serum magnesium in thiazide users—supports electrolyte maintenance.

PubMed ID: 10423646

Potassium‑magnesium citrate formulations corrected thiazide‑induced hypokalemia and dose‑dependently prevented magnesium loss—strong evidence for electrolyte/fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 10652038

Oral potassium‑magnesium citrate raised serum Mg, corrected thiazide‑induced K loss and changed urinary pH/citrate — direct electrolyte/fluid balance data.

PubMed ID: 14596323

Mg citrate produced greater urinary Mg excretion and higher serum/salivary Mg—evidence of altered Mg handling and fluid/electrolyte kinetics.

PubMed ID: 12760983

Adding Mg to CPB prime prevented low ionized Mg and reduced urinary potassium loss—clear electrolyte/fluid balance effect.

PubMed ID: 18796350

Peri-cisplatin magnesium supplementation preserved GFR and reduced nephrotoxicity, supporting renal function and thus fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 23530757

Pharmacokinetic study: IM vs IV Mg produced different serum concentrations and bioavailability—directly about Mg levels/handling.

PubMed ID: 23691692

Higher Mg infusion rates achieved therapeutic serum Mg faster—relevant to managing systemic Mg balance.

PubMed ID: 34953401

IV Mg before cisplatin greatly reduced subacute kidney damage and preserved renal function — important for fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 37805965

Postop hypomagnesemia strongly predicted persistent AKI after cardiac surgery—direct evidence linking Mg and fluid/kidney homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 39503756

Peri‑dose IV Mg substantially reduced AKI incidence during colistin therapy—supports renal protection and fluid homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 21487851

Preservation solution that better controlled magnesium produced improved serum Mg control after reperfusion (direct electrolyte/fluid relevance).

PubMed ID: 25837751

Same-day Mg-containing prep produced measurable electrolyte shifts (lower Na/Cl, higher Mg) demonstrating a direct effect on fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 29642094

Magnesium citrate prep caused measurable electrolyte shifts (↑ serum Mg, ↓ Na/Cl/osmolality) including asymptomatic hypermagnesemia — direct evidence of fluid/electrolyte effects.

PubMed ID: 33776375

Prep Kit‑C (magnesium citrate) raised serum magnesium significantly vs comparator — demonstrates magnesium's measurable impact on serum electrolytes/fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 35920250

Low‑dose oral magnesium sulfate prep produced different serum potassium changes vs PEG and had fewer GI adverse events — indicates electrolyte/fluid profile differences.

PubMed ID: 39054602

Magnesium citrate functions as an osmotic agent in bowel prep — clear fluid‑shifting effect relevant to fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 18560820

Lime drink reduced fractional Mg excretion and markers of tubular damage in stone patients — shows improved renal Mg handling and retention.

PubMed ID: 7812305

Drinking low-mineral (Mg-containing) water raised urinary Mg/Ca ratio and reduced stone-related urinary constituents — shows dietary-mineral effects on renal fluid/electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 8565536

Randomized ICU trial: IV magnesium produced large positive net magnesium balance and improved net potassium balance — strong direct evidence for restoring electrolyte/fluid homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 9187591

Clear physiological demonstration that magnesium loading alters serum and urinary magnesium significantly — strong evidence for magnesium's role as an electrolyte in fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9366314

Potassium–Mg–citrate substantially reduced calcium‑oxalate stone recurrence — demonstrates Mg (with K and citrate) affects urinary mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 15513697

Dietary sodium shifts altered serum magnesium and other electrolytes in borderline hypertensive adults, directly showing magnesium is involved in fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 20530499

Ca/Mg binder in dialysis patients raised serum magnesium and affected calcium/PTH — relevant to electrolyte/fluid homeostasis in this population.

PubMed ID: 25475196

IV Mg before PCI reduced incidence of CI‑AKI — indicates a protective renal/fluid‑balance benefit in a randomized trial.

PubMed ID: 14506619

Mg–creatine chelate increased intracellular water and decreased extracellular water — direct fluid‑distribution change.

PubMed ID: 7738626

Cisplatin recipients had increased urinary Mg loss and Mg wasting—supports clinical importance of Mg homeostasis and need to monitor/supplement.

PubMed ID: 7718321

RCT in cisplatin patients: routine IV magnesium maintained higher serum Mg and prevented hypomagnesemia—strong evidence for Mg in maintaining electrolyte/fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 9311207

Adding Mg to IV replacement fluids prevented dilutional serum Mg fall — supports electrolyte/fluid homeostasis during large-volume resuscitation.

PubMed ID: 9861593

Mg supplementation reduced PMS fluid-retention symptoms and increased urinary Mg — direct effect on body fluid status.

PubMed ID: 10958599

Amifostine during chemo preserved GFR and markedly reduced frequency of low magnesium vs control—relevant to Mg conservation and fluid/electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 37343576

Balanced crystalloid (contains Mg) reduced delayed graft function vs saline — fluid composition including Mg had clinically relevant effects.

PubMed ID: 37914088

Pediatric transplant RCT: Plasma‑Lyte (contains Mg) reduced hypomagnesemia versus standard fluids — supports Mg’s role in maintaining electrolyte/fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 7802196

Use of magnesium‑containing IV fluid perioperatively maintained serum magnesium levels — direct fluid/electrolyte relevance.

PubMed ID: 36223712

Personalized Mg lowered circulating sucrose/fructose/glucose loads and increased MCFAs—direct metabolic evidence consistent with improved glycemic handling.

PubMed ID: 39202546

Deep‑seawater Mg (350 mg/day) improved HOMA‑IR, fasting insulin and C‑peptide in IGT after 12 weeks (direct glycemic/metabolic evidence).

PubMed ID: 37846572

KMgCit prevented diuretic‑induced fasting glucose rise and improved potassium/citrate—strong metabolic evidence involving Mg.

PubMed ID: 37393389

Magnesium oxide 250 mg/day for 2 months in PCOS significantly lowered insulin levels and HOMA‑IR, directly supporting glycemic/insulin control.

PubMed ID: 32873957

Alkaline (with Mg) supplementation improved postprandial muscle glucose metabolism and tended to lower glucose/insulin.

PubMed ID: 31361318

Lower serum Mg after kidney transplant was associated with higher risk of new‑onset diabetes after transplant (observational link).

PubMed ID: 32085495

Mg-enriched deep-sea water improved fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in prediabetic adults — strong evidence for glycemic benefit.

PubMed ID: 30739626

Daily oral Mg oxide for 24 weeks improved insulin, HOMA‑IR and HbA1c in diabetic hemodialysis patients (randomized trial).

PubMed ID: 30693609

Mg+vitamin E lowered FPG, HOMA‑IR and HbA1c in diabetic foot ulcer patients—supports glycemic stabilization (co‑supplement).

PubMed ID: 29788815

Single IV Mg dose in critically ill hyperglycemic patients increased Mg and improved HOMA‑AD and adiponectin—direct insulin‑resistance improvements.

PubMed ID: 30025522

Mg+vitamin E in gestational diabetes improved FPG and HOMA‑IR (co‑supplementation caveat).

PubMed ID: 30286483

Mg plus vitamin E in PCOS improved insulin and HOMA‑IR, though co‑supplementation limits attribution to Mg alone.

PubMed ID: 29793665

Oral Mg in hypomagnesemic MetS adults lowered fasting glucose and reduced metabolic syndrome prevalence.

PubMed ID: 30587761

Oral Mg in recent T2D improved HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA‑IR in an RCT (direct glycemic benefit).

PubMed ID: 29256406

Six‑week oral Mg (250 mg/day) in gestational diabetes lowered fasting glucose and altered insulin/lipid‑related gene expression — direct support for glycemic benefit.

PubMed ID: 28297698

Well‑conducted RCT in hypomagnesemic obese pre‑diabetic CKD patients showed substantial, significant improvements in HOMA‑IR, insulin, and related glycemic markers.

PubMed ID: 28540570

Oral Mg oxide lowered fasting glucose and HbA1c and improved ulcer healing in diabetic patients (direct glycemic benefits).

PubMed ID: 25937055

Randomized trial in hypomagnesaemic prediabetics showed significant improvements in fasting and post-load glucose and HOMA‑IR—direct, strong evidence for glycaemic benefit.

PubMed ID: 24830937

Oral Mg chloride in hypomagnesemic MONW individuals substantially improved HOMA‑IR (−46.5%) and triglycerides—strong evidence for improving insulin resistance/glycemic regulation.

PubMed ID: 24909487

Oral Mg oxide post‑kidney transplant modestly lowered fasting glucose at 3 months (−11.5 mg/dL)—direct glycemic benefit.

PubMed ID: 24084051

Longitudinal dietary study: higher Mg intake associated with better insulin sensitivity and markedly lower odds of insulin resistance.

PubMed ID: 21241290

Randomized double‑blind trial in hypomagnesaemic non‑diabetics showed a large (+148%) increase in a beta‑cell compensatory function measure after oral MgCl2—direct metabolic effect relevant to glycemic control.

PubMed ID: 17641003

Low serum Mg in children strongly associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin markers.

PubMed ID: 12160198

Changes in skeletal muscle Mg were inversely associated with fasting glucose changes during antihypertensive therapy (significant correlation).

PubMed ID: 9589224

Higher‑dose oral magnesium over 30 days produced a small but statistically significant reduction in fructosamine in T2DM patients — direct short‑term glycemic marker effect.

PubMed ID: 7783102

Observational finding: lower intracellular Mg and reduced insulin‑stimulated Mg uptake correlated with higher fasting insulin—supports a link between Mg and insulin action.

PubMed ID: 33487303

Randomized magnesium supplementation markedly lowered gut‑microbial metabolite ImP linked to insulin resistance (−39.9% vs +6.0%) — plausible mechanism for improved glucose regulation.

PubMed ID: 40072601

Evening multi‑ingredient supplement including magnesium significantly lowered 1‑hour postprandial glucose iAUC and max incremental glucose after an evening meal.

PubMed ID: 32466773

Randomized Mg+Zn supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose and insulin in people with T2DM and CHD — direct glycemic benefit.

PubMed ID: 1623912

Magnesium hydroxide accelerated tolbutamide absorption with large increases in early insulin response and earlier glucose nadir — strong glycaemic interaction.

PubMed ID: 31731609

Prediabetes lifestyle counseling increased dietary Mg and improved fasting glucose/HbA1c over 6 months — Mg intake rose alongside glycemic improvements (not isolated).

PubMed ID: 19780401

People with low serum magnesium had worse insulin sensitivity and slightly higher fasting glucose, indicating magnesium is linked to glycemic control (observational).

PubMed ID: 21205110

Six months oral Mg improved fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity in overweight, insulin‑resistant humans—strong direct metabolic evidence.

PubMed ID: 25300112

Vitamin‑mineral complex including magnesium raised serum Mg and produced greater glycemia reduction in obese type 2 diabetics — magnesium present though effect not isolated.

PubMed ID: 9037321

Modest but significant correlations between increases in serum magnesium and improvements in insulin sensitivity and lower triglycerides — direct metabolic link relevant to glycemic control.

PubMed ID: 12663588

Randomized double‑blind RCT in T2D with low Mg: oral Mg improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic control—direct evidence for glycemic benefits.

PubMed ID: 30922259

Multi‑nutrient supplementation including Mg in gestational diabetes modestly reduced fasting glucose and improved oxidative/inflammatory biomarkers.

PubMed ID: 30971596

Perioperative IV Mg in diabetic cardiac surgery patients significantly lowered blood glucose and insulin requirements—strong glucose‑stabilizing effect.

PubMed ID: 29149143

TAP block with Mg markedly prolonged analgesia and halved morphine consumption — clinically meaningful faster postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 32434237

Periarticular Mg added to anesthetic after knee replacement reduced early pain, analgesic use and improved early ROM—faster functional recovery.

PubMed ID: 34332956

Perioperative magnesium added to ketamine reduced 24‑h opioid consumption after breast surgery (opioid‑sparing supports faster recovery/comfort).

PubMed ID: 39480231

Adding 200 mg MgSO4 to popliteal sciatic block prolonged sensory block by ~4 h and reduced 12–24 h pain—facilitates postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 39558412

Mg added to periarticular infiltration in knee arthroplasty delayed rescue analgesia, lowered pain and opioid use, and improved early function—strong recovery signal.

PubMed ID: 38560523

Intraoperative IV Mg improved QoR‑15 and reduced postop pain/opioid use after TKA—meaningful early recovery benefit.

PubMed ID: 21468614

Intraarticular Mg after arthroscopy lowered pain and analgesic consumption vs placebo, facilitating postoperative recovery from joint surgery.

PubMed ID: 22399124

Preemptive IV Mg reduced opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tramadol consumption and improved pain thresholds, which can accelerate postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 27788811

Intraoperative Mg reduced 24-h opioid requirements, shortened ventilation and delayed first analgesic request — clinically meaningful recovery benefits after major surgery.

PubMed ID: 27022607

Perioperative magnesium (particularly intramuscular) reduced postoperative tramadol consumption after lumbar disc surgery — suggests improved recovery comfort.

PubMed ID: 36856693

Adding magnesium sulfate to periarticular analgesia after TKA reduced opioid use and improved early functional recovery — supports faster postoperative recovery, analogous to recovery acceleration after exertion.

PubMed ID: 17378788

Dose‑dependent reductions in postoperative morphine after orthopedic surgery imply faster/less painful early recovery.

PubMed ID: 18420874

Intraarticular Mg + bupivacaine after knee arthroscopy reduced pain and analgesic need—facilitates postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 23384256

IV Mg followed by oral Mg reduced chronic low back pain and improved lumbar mobility over months—meaningful functional recovery evidence.

PubMed ID: 25315126

Pediatric caudal Mg added to anesthetic lowered postdischarge pain, reduced rescue analgesia and shortened time to return to normal activity — directly supports faster functional recovery.

PubMed ID: 38732615

Multi‑ingredient supplement containing magnesium increased muscle mass and strength in sarcopenic older adults — may aid recovery/functional performance, though Mg's role is confounded by other ingredients.

PubMed ID: 19921359

Intra‑articular magnesium added to local anesthetic/morphine improved postoperative analgesia and reduced analgesic needs after knee arthroscopy—relevant to recovery.

PubMed ID: 11067788

Oral Mg increased intracellular Mg and increased exercise tolerance by ~2 minutes in CAD patients—supports improved exercise capacity/recovery.

PubMed ID: 12237201

Magnesium added to regional analgesia substantially prolonged pain relief duration, which can facilitate functional recovery (analgesic/recovery relevance).

PubMed ID: 40009802

Higher‑dose Mg pretreatment reduced succinylcholine‑induced fasciculations and post‑op muscle pain—recovery/pain benefit.

PubMed ID: 14506619

Short‑term Mg–creatine chelate increased intracellular hydration and knee extension torque — supportive of faster recovery/strength gain (Mg combined with creatine).

PubMed ID: 32807165

Fortified whey drink containing magnesium improved FFM and handgrip strength and lowered IL‑6 over 8 weeks—supports recovery/rehab outcomes (multi‑nutrient).

PubMed ID: 22648717

Oral magnesium improved inspiratory/expiratory pressures and clinical score in CF youth — supports faster recovery of respiratory muscle performance (relevant to exercise tolerance).

PubMed ID: 12615252

Six months oral Mg increased exercise time and reduced exercise‑induced chest pain in CAD patients, consistent with faster/better exercise tolerance/recovery.

PubMed ID: 16835255

Intra‑articular magnesium after arthroscopy produced large short‑term reductions in pain and analgesic use—likely to facilitate earlier rehab/recovery.

PubMed ID: 20146871

Intra‑articular magnesium + ropivacaine after knee arthroplasty reduced early pain, opioid use and shortened time to functional milestones—direct acceleration of early recovery.

PubMed ID: 23206490

Intra-articular Mg+ropivacaine lowered early pain and opioid needs after knee replacement and improved early function—supports faster early recovery.

PubMed ID: 22696144

Adding Mg to femoral nerve block reduced pain and opioid use after ACL surgery—can promote earlier functional recovery despite delayed mobilisation.

PubMed ID: 25008857

Improved chair‑stand time and walking speed in elderly suggests better functional recovery capacity after exertion.

PubMed ID: 24635528

IV Mg with ketamine reduced morphine use and improved first‑night sleep after major surgery—shows enhanced recovery in a physical‑stress setting.

PubMed ID: 28077538

Perioperative Mg reduced pain and analgesic requirement after staged bilateral TKA, implying faster functional recovery/comfort.

PubMed ID: 30587761

Mg improved glycemic markers in new T2D — supports metabolic regulation.

PubMed ID: 9389897

Oral magnesium increased HDL, LCAT and apoAI, suggesting favorable effects on lipid metabolism and metabolic risk markers.

PubMed ID: 21205110

Improvements in insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose indicate a meaningful metabolic benefit from Mg supplementation in insulin‑resistant adults.

PubMed ID: 34836276

Family avocado trial substantially lowered reported daily energy intake and increased RBC Mg — meaningful metabolic/energy‑intake signal (dietary context).

PubMed ID: 36223712

Mg supplementation increased medium‑chain fatty acids, altered sugar metabolites and microbiome diversity—strong mechanistic evidence for metabolic effects.

PubMed ID: 7816004

Small double‑blind crossover: adding potassium/magnesium‑phosphate to a glucose load raised postprandial energy expenditure by ~6% in obese older women—direct metabolic effect.

PubMed ID: 2134545

Cardioprotective low‑energy diet higher in magnesium/potassium/fiber produced major weight loss and large BP reductions—metabolic effects where Mg was a component.

PubMed ID: 2130823

Magnesium‑rich dietary intervention produced ~10% reductions in total cholesterol/LDL/TG — supports metabolic improvements.

PubMed ID: 23398528

Healthy Nordic diet raised magnesium intake and improved atherogenic lipid ratios and inflammation—metabolic improvements associated with higher Mg intake.

PubMed ID: 33487303

Magnesium altered gut-microbial metabolites implicated in insulin resistance and metabolism (notably ImP) — supports metabolic effects.

PubMed ID: 2248695

Long-term high-magnesium diet lowered complications/mortality in high-risk individuals — consistent with favorable metabolic impact.

PubMed ID: 22433473

Oral MgO increased intracellular Mg and lowered total and LDL cholesterol—direct metabolic/lipid benefits.

PubMed ID: 22424458

High-Mg deep seawater reduced LDL and TBARS, indicating metabolic and oxidative-stress improvements.

PubMed ID: 24084051

Higher dietary Mg associated with improved insulin sensitivity (metabolic benefit) in metabolic‑syndrome participants.

PubMed ID: 24814039

Oral Mg raised serum Mg and lowered hsCRP in prediabetes—improves inflammatory/metabolic profile.

PubMed ID: 24830937

Oral Mg chloride improved HOMA‑IR (−46.5%), triglycerides (−47.4%) and SBP—strong metabolic benefit in hypomagnesemic MONW patients.

PubMed ID: 25937055

Oral Mg improved insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in prediabetics—direct metabolic benefits.

PubMed ID: 28297698

Marked improvements in insulin resistance and insulin levels indicate beneficial metabolic effects.

PubMed ID: 29256406

Fasting glucose improvements and gene expression changes linked to metabolic regulation support a metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 29793665

Mg improved multiple metabolic syndrome components (glucose, TGs, BP), lowering MetS prevalence.

PubMed ID: 29788815

Improved insulin-resistance markers after IV Mg indicate metabolic benefits beyond glucose (adiponectin/HOMA‑AD changes).

PubMed ID: 32085495

Improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile indicate positive metabolic effects in prediabetics.

PubMed ID: 32873957

Improved muscle glucose uptake and aerobic glucose oxidation after meal — mechanistic metabolic benefits.

PubMed ID: 32751522

Mg supplementation raised 25‑OH‑D levels and reduced vitamin D deficiency in Mg‑depleted postmenopausal women—affects metabolic/hormonal milieu.

PubMed ID: 37393389

PCOS trial showed improvements in insulin, insulin resistance and lipid markers, indicating metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 39202546

Improvements in insulin resistance and fasting insulin/C‑peptide in IGT indicate metabolic benefit with Mg supplementation.

PubMed ID: 39947040

Mg‑enriched water (80 mg/day) produced modest improvements in BMI, insulin and triglycerides and increased gut microbiome diversity in at‑risk adults — best direct metabolic signal in dataset.

PubMed ID: 37481538

Biodegradable magnesium fixation screws improved hip function and local perfusion in osteonecrosis with acceptable biocompatibility—direct bone/orthopedic benefit.

PubMed ID: 30541089

Randomized ancillary trial: Mg supplementation altered vitamin D metabolites in a baseline‑dependent way, implicating an influence on bone‑related metabolism.

PubMed ID: 17018656

One‑year oral magnesium trial in undernourished adolescent girls produced a modest (~3%) incremental hip BMC gain versus placebo—direct bone benefit.

PubMed ID: 9140155

Many years after jejunoileal bypass a high prevalence of low plasma magnesium was documented — risk factor for long‑term bone/mineral problems.

PubMed ID: 1923163

Prolonged maternal IV magnesium tocolysis associated with high rate of neonatal long‑bone radiographic abnormalities—strong bone‑related signal (adverse).

PubMed ID: 21733304

Observational data: dietary Mg <237 mg/day associated with worse whole‑body bone density/T‑scores over 2 years — substantial human association.

PubMed ID: 39971658

HAF toothpaste (Mg‑doped HA among modifications) increased proportion of arrested caries—mineral preservation of hard tissue.

PubMed ID: 38453554

HAF toothpastes increased plaque pH and lowered cariogenic bacteria over 2 years—supports dental hard‑tissue health.

PubMed ID: 35139410

HAF toothpaste reduced new/progressive caries over 2 years—Mg‑substituted HA part of matrix supporting mineral integrity.

PubMed ID: 38820086

Oral magnesium citrate after dental implant improved implant stability and peri‑implant bone radiodensity and reduced pain—randomized trial supporting Mg for bone healing.

PubMed ID: 31764984

Higher dialysate Mg increased bone formation marker (BSAP) and reduced resorption (TRAP5b), indicating favorable effects on bone turnover.

PubMed ID: 32722015

Multinutrient dairy product including Mg increased bone mass and improved bone turnover markers in at‑risk menopausal women (benefit but multifactorial).

PubMed ID: 23787550

Mg-containing binder raised serum Mg and produced smaller increases in bone turnover markers vs sevelamer (biochemical bone effects).

PubMed ID: 21812357

Magnesium carbonate in hemodialysis patients reduced serum phosphate, Ca×P and modestly lowered PTH—directly relevant to bone mineral metabolism.

PubMed ID: 18568412

Magnesium citrate increased serum Mg and decreased PTH in dialysis patients — plausible bone‑protective hormonal effects (IMT also improved).

PubMed ID: 14506950

Long RCT of minerals (including Mg) + vitamin D + K1 reduced femoral‑neck bone loss—Mg included in effective multinutrient mix (effect not solely Mg).

PubMed ID: 12495258

High‑calcium milk enriched with magnesium reduced a bone resorption marker (CTX) in postmenopausal women over 4 weeks (clinical marker consistent with bone benefit; product combined Ca+Mg).

PubMed ID: 7738683

Dietary magnesium intake was a predictor in models of total‑body BMD slope in premenopausal women — observational evidence linking Mg intake to bone density changes.

PubMed ID: 8475628

Interventions (fluid/salt/loading and reduced movement) changed bone mineralization alongside plasma magnesium, linking magnesium status to bone effects.

PubMed ID: 15658548

Large RCT of a multinutrient product including Mg (40 mg) modestly improved spine and hip BMD in postmenopausal women — supports bone outcomes (multicomponent).

PubMed ID: 10583708

Short magnesium‑loading test correlated well with femur (bone) magnesium concentration and detected deficiency — supports bone Mg relevance.

PubMed ID: 26964827

Nebulized Mg in ED asthma produced rapid respiratory improvement and fewer admissions—relevant to acute airway/host response.

PubMed ID: 31099333

RCT in gestational diabetes showed downregulation of inflammatory genes (IL‑8, TNF‑α) with Mg, a direct immune/inflammatory signal.

PubMed ID: 33030582

Oral Mg during cisplatin chemo significantly reduced febrile neutropenia and septic-shock events — strong clinical immune-related benefit.

PubMed ID: 34210242

Magnesium (with/without vitamin D) reduced TNF‑α and IL‑6 and increased BDNF vs baseline, showing anti‑inflammatory/immune biomarker effects.

PubMed ID: 35728369

Direct immunomodulatory effects: MgSO4 regimens reduced pro‑inflammatory cytokines (IL‑1β, IL‑6) and increased HO‑1.

PubMed ID: 37665448

Oral Mg for 3 months significantly reduced IL‑18 and TNF‑α in coronary artery disease—direct antiinflammatory immunomodulation.

PubMed ID: 16788707

Oral magnesium 300 mg/day reduced methacholine reactivity and skin allergic responses and reduced reliever use in children with asthma — supports immune/allergic modulation.

PubMed ID: 38654355

Oral Mg citrate in hospitalized COVID reduced oxygen needs and improved SaO2—relevant to infection outcomes/host response.

PubMed ID: 20416389

Inhaled magnesium improved outcomes in severe asthma (FEV1, SpO2, fewer admissions) — clinically relevant in inflammatory/immune airway disease.

PubMed ID: 2133624

Randomized trial: oral magnesium pidolate reduced symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, a direct immune/allergic outcome.

PubMed ID: 30922259

Mg‑containing multi‑nutrient supplement in gestational diabetes raised serum Mg and reduced hs‑CRP and oxidative stress markers (anti‑inflammatory signal).

PubMed ID: 34116393

Personalized Mg altered TMPRSS2 promoter methylation (in <65y), a gene implicated in viral entry—potential mechanism to modulate host susceptibility.

PubMed ID: 32466773

Mg+Zn supplementation reduced CRP (inflammation) and improved antioxidant markers — suggests immune/inflammatory benefit.

PubMed ID: 23398528

Magnesium increase in Healthy Nordic diet associated with lower IL‑1Ra (inflammation marker), suggesting immune/inflammatory modulation.

PubMed ID: 17641003

Low serum Mg in children strongly associated with higher hsCRP (inflammatory marker).

PubMed ID: 17479208

Oral Mg significantly reduced CRP (direct evidence of lowered systemic inflammation).

PubMed ID: 21199787

Daily Mg citrate increased Mg biomarkers and reduced CRP/inflammatory stress in older adults with poor sleep, supporting an anti‑inflammatory/immunity link.

PubMed ID: 23262451

Inhaled Mg improved bronchodilation (airway inflammation/hyperresponsiveness) and potentiated β2‑agonist effects.

PubMed ID: 24144222

Nebulised Mg in severe pediatric asthma produced small but significant reductions in clinical severity score.

PubMed ID: 23816766

Small trial showed Mg shifted cytokine profile toward Th2 and reduced reperfusion syndrome—clear immunomodulatory signal.

PubMed ID: 24814039

Oral Mg raised serum Mg and significantly lowered hsCRP (inflammation) in prediabetes—supports reduced systemic inflammation.

PubMed ID: 24830937

Oral Mg reduced metabolic inflammation (HOMA‑IR/triglycerides) and BP in hypomagnesemic subjects—supports systemic inflammatory improvement.

PubMed ID: 29127547

Mg+zinc reduced hs-CRP and oxidative-stress markers and downregulated inflammatory genes in PCOS.

PubMed ID: 36123724

MgSO4 injections into masseter trigger points produced marked, lasting pain relief and functional improvement, consistent with relieving localized muscle spasm/cramps.

PubMed ID: 36013512

IV magnesium (50 mg/kg) effectively prevented high‑grade shivering after spinal anesthesia — a cramp‑like muscle phenomenon.

PubMed ID: 34719399

60‑day MgO monohydrate produced large, significant reductions in nocturnal leg cramp frequency and duration vs placebo.

PubMed ID: 28714170

Effective Mg regimens for eclampsia seizures indicate neuromuscular stabilizing properties that can relieve cramps.

PubMed ID: 22728648

Pre‑induction Mg produced improved intubation conditions via muscle relaxation—physiologic evidence supporting muscle relaxant properties relevant to cramps.

PubMed ID: 22909270

Double-blind RCT showed oral magnesium significantly reduced frequency and intensity of pregnancy leg cramps—direct, high-quality evidence.

PubMed ID: 17055945

Severe tetanus trial: magnesium reduced the need for muscle‑spasm controlling drugs, indicating potent antispasmodic effect.

PubMed ID: 16115978

Significant reduction in etomidate-induced myoclonus (involuntary muscle activity) — supports antispasmodic/muscle‑cramp relevance.

PubMed ID: 12011773

Oral Mg citrate produced a trend to fewer nocturnal leg cramps and higher subjective benefit.

PubMed ID: 7631676

Randomized double‑blind trial: oral magnesium reduced distress from pregnancy leg cramps despite minimal serum Mg change — direct symptomatic benefit.

PubMed ID: 8333483

IV magnesium delayed preterm delivery similarly to indomethacin but had higher discontinuation — evidence of uterine relaxation.

PubMed ID: 8238157

IV magnesium was as effective as nifedipine at stopping preterm labor — clinical muscle-relaxant (tocolytic) effect.

PubMed ID: 1319808

Randomized trial: magnesium sulfate effectively delayed preterm delivery — strong evidence of uterine (smooth muscle) relaxation.

PubMed ID: 39407315

Topical magnesium iontophoresis improved trigger‑point pain and pressure‑pain thresholds—relevant to muscle cramping/tension relief locally.

PubMed ID: 40009802

Higher Mg dose markedly reduced fasciculations and postoperative muscle pain—translates to cramp/contracture relief.

PubMed ID: 25823155

Mg sulfate before induction reduced incidence/severity of muscle fasciculations (muscle hyperactivity proxy).

PubMed ID: 17876916

Mg decreased succinylcholine‑induced twitching and potassium rise—evidence of reducing muscle overactivity.

PubMed ID: 22930148

Magnesium sulfate controls eclamptic convulsions and reduces neuromuscular hyperexcitability—supportive of anti‑cramp/muscle‑stabilizing effects.

PubMed ID: 21189381

Randomized adjuvant colon cancer trial reported significant reduction in acute muscle spasms with IV Ca/Mg.

PubMed ID: 8565536

Improved magnesium and potassium balance would be expected to reduce cramp propensity in hypokalemic patients; trial showed improved ion balances.

PubMed ID: 8179541

Clinical tocolysis data: IV magnesium reduced uterine contractile activity (relevant to cramp/contractile relief).

PubMed ID: 30286483

Mg plus vitamin E in PCOS improved insulin and triglycerides — insulin regulation is central to hormonal balance in PCOS.

PubMed ID: 30565017

Mg+vitamin E in women with PCOS lowered inflammation and raised NO/TAC—relevant to PCOS pathophysiology and hormonal balance.

PubMed ID: 32085495

Improved insulin/HOMA-IR (insulin is a key hormone) in prediabetics — direct metabolic/hormonal effect.

PubMed ID: 33409923

Co‑supplementation including Mg modestly increased FT4 in hypothyroid patients, suggesting endocrine effects.

PubMed ID: 34009514

Mg+melatonin improved hirsutism and antioxidant/inflammatory markers in PCOS — evidence of hormonal/metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 34210242

Magnesium (with vitamin D) increased 25(OH)D and altered inflammation/BDNF markers, indicating effects on vitamin D status and related hormonal pathways.

PubMed ID: 35918728

Oral Mg oxide in PCOS improved multiple QoL domains related to emotional/energy health in a hormonal disorder; plausible hormonal‑related benefit though direct hormonal endpoints were limited.

PubMed ID: 35222266

Prospective IVF cohort: Ca:Mg ratio (reflecting Mg status) associated with higher biochemical/clinical pregnancy and live birth odds—supports a role in reproductive/hormonal outcomes.

PubMed ID: 18568412

Oral magnesium citrate increased serum Mg and decreased PTH in hemodialysis patients — direct hormonal (PTH) effect.

PubMed ID: 18317951

Subarachnoid hemorrhage cohort: magnesium therapy was associated with lower ionized calcium and PTH changes—demonstrates Mg effect on calcium/PTH (hormonal axis).

PubMed ID: 36734446

Adjunctive IV magnesium altered cortisol and serotonin levels and shortened delirium duration — direct evidence of modulation of neuroendocrine biomarkers relevant to hormonal balance.

PubMed ID: 37393389

Oral magnesium oxide in women with PCOS lowered insulin and HOMA‑IR and improved lipid/glucose indices, relevant to endocrine/metabolic balance.

PubMed ID: 29127547

Mg+zinc reduced inflammatory markers and gene expression in women with PCOS, a hormonal disorder.

PubMed ID: 24830937

Oral Mg markedly improved HOMA‑IR (insulin resistance) and triglycerides—strong evidence of beneficial effects on insulin/hormonal metabolism.

PubMed ID: 9070556

Mg supplementation in MVP markedly lowered catecholamine excretion (noradrenaline/adrenaline), indicating modulation of stress hormone levels.

PubMed ID: 9861593

Daily 200 mg magnesium reduced mild premenstrual fluid-retention symptoms (PMS) after two months — supports menstrual/hormonal symptom modulation.

PubMed ID: 31960275

8‑week oral magnesium in women with PCOS prevented waist gain and altered LH levels — direct hormonal and body‑composition effects.

PubMed ID: 39242786

Combined probiotic+Mg+CoQ10 produced small‑moderate improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms in MDD patients.

PubMed ID: 36734446

Magnesium adjunct altered serotonin and cortisol and reduced delirium duration — supports mood‑relevant neurochemical and clinical effects.

PubMed ID: 28241991

Well‑conducted RCT: 500 mg/day Mg oxide in depressed, Mg‑deficient patients significantly improved Beck Depression scores vs placebo.

PubMed ID: 16957676

Menopausal multi‑ingredient supplement including magnesium improved mood/anxiety measures—moderate evidence for mood benefit within the product, but Mg attribution uncertain.

PubMed ID: 32466773

Mg+Zn supplementation produced small but significant improvements in depression (BDI) and anxiety (BAI) scores in patients with T2DM and CHD.

PubMed ID: 29710825

Perceived stress and serum serotonin were better preserved with the amino‑acid/vitamin/mineral supplement (includes Mg).

PubMed ID: 14741074

Fixed combination containing magnesium reduced mild–moderate anxiety more than placebo over 3 months — supports mood benefits (multi‑ingredient).

PubMed ID: 2067759

Randomized double-blind trial found reduced premenstrual mood symptoms with magnesium; direct mood-balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 10746516

Mg + B6 modestly reduced anxiety‑related PMS symptoms in a randomized trial — direct mood‑related benefit.

PubMed ID: 28654669

Oral Mg chloride produced large, clinically meaningful improvements in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (strong mood benefit).

PubMed ID: 30562392

Oral Mg reduced perceived stress (DASS‑42), with additional benefit from B6 — direct mood‑relevant RCT evidence.

PubMed ID: 33030273

Reduced cortisol/cortisone ratios suggests Mg influences stress hormone regulation, relevant to mood balance.

PubMed ID: 33864354

Mg (±B6) reduced anxiety and depression scores and improved mental QoL in stressed adults (clinically meaningful).

PubMed ID: 33745609

Oral magnesium (500 mg/d) for 8 weeks produced a significant improvement in Beck depression scores in a randomized trial.

PubMed ID: 39846976

MgCl + vitamin D produced large improvements in depressive symptoms in long‑COVID, supporting mood benefit (co‑administered with vit D).

PubMed ID: 41194549

Multi‑ingredient supplement including Mg increased total sleep time by ~27 minutes vs placebo in a crossover trial.

PubMed ID: 33184650

Mixed‑cation oxybate (contains magnesium oxybate) maintained control of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy — strong, direct sleep‑related clinical benefit (drug context).

PubMed ID: 40072601

Multi‑ingredient evening supplement including magnesium modestly reduced sleep onset latency by actigraphy and self‑report.

PubMed ID: 15261316

Trial showed improved first‑night sleep quality after perioperative magnesium administration — direct sleep benefit.

PubMed ID: 21226679

Eight weeks of melatonin+Mg+zinc produced large sleep improvements in elderly residents — strong sleep effect but Mg not isolated from melatonin/zinc.

PubMed ID: 24635528

Scoliosis surgery study: Mg added to ketamine reduced morphine use and improved first‑night sleep and satisfaction—direct sleep benefit.

PubMed ID: 34719399

60‑day MgO monohydrate significantly reduced nocturnal leg cramp frequency/duration and improved sleep vs placebo.

PubMed ID: 36587225

RLS adjunct trial: oral Mg markedly improved PSQI scores over 2 months (largest effect among tested supplements).

PubMed ID: 39534260

Large RCT in people with diabetes/insomnia: Mg tablets markedly reduced insomnia severity and altered cortisol/melatonin.

PubMed ID: 39138397

Intraoperative Mg infusion reduced postoperative insomnia severity index significantly vs control.

PubMed ID: 25008857

Objective improvements in walking speed and chair‑stand time in elderly—likely reflect increased functional energy.

PubMed ID: 24830937

Marked metabolic and BP improvements in hypomagnesemic subjects likely translate to better energy/wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 35484175

IV magnesium (±thiamine) in alcohol withdrawal shortened time to symptom resolution and normalized lactate faster — consistent with reduced physiological/subjective fatigue during recovery.

PubMed ID: 33184650

Mixed‑cation oxybate (contains magnesium oxybate) preserved daytime sleepiness control (ESS) — large, directly relevant reduction in daytime sleepiness/fatigue.

PubMed ID: 21312304

Reported increases in energy/muscle strength subdomains with fenugreek + mineral supplement (magnesium contribution uncertain).

PubMed ID: 1672392

CFS trial: intramuscular magnesium normalized RBC Mg and large proportion reported symptomatic (including fatigue) improvement.

PubMed ID: 12615252

Objective increase in exercise tolerance and intracellular Mg consistent with better functional energy.

PubMed ID: 16825271

VO2max increase and improved LVEF in CAD patients support increased exercise capacity/energy.

PubMed ID: 30693609

Mg+vitamin E reduced diabetic foot ulcer size and improved wound outcomes—direct skin‑healing evidence (co‑supplement confound).

PubMed ID: 28540570

Oral Mg oxide improved diabetic foot ulcer size and wound-healing markers.

PubMed ID: 26939522

Topical ceramide+Mg cream improved eczema severity, TEWL and hydration more than emollient or hydrocortisone (Mg part of combination).

PubMed ID: 37011896

Randomized trial: topical MgSO4 dressings substantially reduced eyelid swelling and ecchymosis after blepharoplasty — direct skin/soft‑tissue benefit.

PubMed ID: 40411804

Small RCT of a multi-ingredient botanical/vitamin supplement that included Mg produced measurable improvements in facial aging and erythema — Mg may have contributed but not isolated.

PubMed ID: 23755765

Randomized trial: topical wet-pack with Mg- and Fe-rich spa water improved histopathologic/immunohistochemical parameters in psoriasis lesions—direct skin benefit signal.