Potassium

PubMed ID: 39215972

Direct randomized trial of potassium supplementation thresholds (K+ management) with clinical outcomes — strong, direct evidence about K+ management strategies and electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 37488299

24‑hour urine potassium and hypokalemia history were key predictors in a diagnostic model — shows clinical importance of K+ measurement for electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 37313750

Study showed that A‑MPD removed more potassium than manual PD, impacting short‑term K balance in urgent start PD patients.

PubMed ID: 37385905

SZC randomized trial in hemodialysis patients effectively maintained predialysis K within target range.

PubMed ID: 37976671

Behavioral program in hemodialysis patients reduced interdialytic weight gain (fluid) while reporting small effects on K—ties to fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 38026295

Interventions increased urinary potassium and altered BP, indicating meaningful changes in electrolyte intake/excretion.

PubMed ID: 37408032

Functional-food soup increased serum K significantly (and reduced inflammation) — direct electrolyte change.

PubMed ID: 37386428

Hemodialysis adherence program produced within-group decreases in serum K — direct electrolyte outcome.

PubMed ID: 36916985

Spironolactone in CKD produced modest but monitored increases in serum K — direct electrolyte-impact evidence.

PubMed ID: 37606364

Oral amphotericin caused fewer severe K lab abnormalities vs IV formulation — electrolyte safety relevance.

PubMed ID: 38037539

Finerenone exposure and dose-titration modeling explicitly focused on potassium trajectories/hyperkalaemia risk.

PubMed ID: 37640861

Natriuresis-guided therapy trended toward greater hypokalemia — relevant to electrolyte monitoring and management.

PubMed ID: 37055566

Salt-substitute increased dietary K, measurably raised serum K and produced clinical effects — strong evidence for altering electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 38109916

Aldosterone synthase inhibitor dose-dependently increased biochemical hyperkalaemia — clear effect on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 35311346

Salt substitute trial explicitly added potassium at population scale, demonstrating major electrolyte substitution effects with clinical benefit.

PubMed ID: 35247964

CKD sodium restriction / spironolactone trial monitored serum K and urinary sodium — addresses electrolyte safety and balance.

PubMed ID: 35982101

CRRT study produced large, intentional serum K reductions and actively managed electrolytes — directly about electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 36067089

Clear demonstration that common thiazide diuretics cause significant serum K decreases — important evidence about disturbances in electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 35199478

SGLT2 inhibitors reduced incidence/magnitude of MRB‑induced hyperkalemia — strong evidence for medication‑mediated K stabilization.

PubMed ID: 35135481

SZC robustly normalized and controlled serum potassium in hyperkalemic hemodialysis patients — direct, strong evidence for electrolyte balance control.

PubMed ID: 36261757

Potassium–sodium–hydrogen citrate altered urinary chemistry and systemic acid–base, reflecting electrolyte/anion effects.

PubMed ID: 35896277

ACE-inhibitor run-in analysed short-term potassium rises and continuation outcomes; major dataset about K changes in therapy.

PubMed ID: 35900838

Patiromer directly and significantly reduced hyperkalaemia events and stabilized serum potassium—strong evidence for electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 34170908

IV furosemide markedly increased urine output and reduced readmissions; reported small serum K+ decreases — direct fluid‑balance intervention.

PubMed ID: 33421456

Dietary program reported reductions in reported dietary potassium intake in hemodialysis patients — direct dietary electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 34786651

Finerenone produced dose‑dependent serum potassium increases and hyperkalemia risk—directly central to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 33377565

Dietary self‑management reduced serum K in HD patients — effective electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 34423370

Canagliflozin reduced hyperkalaemia events and need for K binders in CKD — meaningful effect on potassium outcomes.

PubMed ID: 34674667

Oral bicarbonate reduced inter‑dialytic K gain and hyperkalaemia frequency in HD patients — impacts potassium handling.

PubMed ID: 35369022

Patiromer controlled serum K enabling RAAS therapy — direct intervention to maintain K homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 34686091

Comparison of IV vs oral K showed faster normalization and different dosing — directly about restoring electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 38318690

Senna reduced predialysis serum K and hyperkalaemia prevalence — relevant to K management.

PubMed ID: 33782684

Salt substitute increased urinary K and lowered BP — clear effect on whole‑body Na/K balance.

PubMed ID: 34684498

Dietary intervention increased urinary K excretion and reduced urinary Na/K ratio — direct electrolyte balance change.

PubMed ID: 34459569

Large salt‑substitute trial increased K intake population‑wide without large increases in serious hyperkalemia while reducing CV events — supports safe electrolyte modification.

PubMed ID: 32452085

Patiromer reduced hyperkalemia incidence and allowed patients to continue potassium‑raising therapy (spironolactone) — strong evidence for clinical K management.

PubMed ID: 32812324

Treatment of primary aldosteronism normalized serum potassium in both arms by 12 months — clear restoration of electrolyte balance in secondary hyperaldosteronism.

PubMed ID: 32779057

Randomized RCT: sodium zirconium cyclosilicate rapidly and safely reduced serum K and achieved normokalemia in most patients — direct, high‑quality evidence for restoring K balance.

PubMed ID: 32066973

Household salt substitution with KCl increased urinary K and lowered BP — dietary K intervention that changed electrolyte excretion at population level.

PubMed ID: 32820619

Apararenone altered urinary Na+/K+ excretion ratio — demonstrates drug‑mediated changes in sodium/potassium handling relevant to fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 32151220

GIK explicitly administers potassium and affected plasma K and metabolic balance — direct electrolyte intervention.

PubMed ID: 32354280

Eplerenone reduced loop diuretic requirements post‑MI — influences fluid handling and K‑sparing status.

PubMed ID: 33054727

Early ultrafiltration produced marked fluid/weight removal and BNP reduction — directly relevant to fluid balance management.

PubMed ID: 32135136

Spironolactone increased hyperkalemia incidence — directly relevant to electrolyte balance and safety.

PubMed ID: 32149451

SZC added to insulin/glucose provided incremental early K lowering in ED hyperkalemia care — strong relevance.

PubMed ID: 31944628

SZC produced rapid, substantial, and sustained reductions in serum potassium — direct, high‑relevance electrolyte therapy.

PubMed ID: 33239409

Esaxerenone use raised clinically relevant instances of hyperkalemia — important electrolyte safety signal.

PubMed ID: 31909470

Switching to torasemide improved symptomatic and fluid‑status outcomes vs furosemide; loop diuretics strongly affect fluid and K handling.

PubMed ID: 31665956

Individualized hemodialysis reduced intradialytic hypotension and improved dry‑weight attainment—important dialysis fluid‑balance outcomes.

PubMed ID: 31422111

CA125‑guided diuretic dosing increased diuretic doses and urine volume—direct effect on fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 31058457

Home urinary Na/K monitoring significantly lowered the 24‑h urinary Na/K ratio—direct evidence of improved dietary electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 31599043

Oral patiromer lowered serum K within 2 hours in ED patients with severe hyperkalemia (pilot)—direct but smaller/sustained effect limited in this study.

PubMed ID: 31791288

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate produced rapid, clinically meaningful reductions in serum potassium—direct, high-impact evidence for restoring electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 31533906

Patiromer markedly reduced potassium-related treatment interruptions—directly facilitates maintenance of normal serum potassium in CKD/hypertensive patients.

PubMed ID: 31986288

IV KCl infusion produced potassium rises linked to higher cardioversion rates; demonstrates impact of potassium modulation on physiology.

PubMed ID: 31201218

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate significantly increased the proportion of dialysis patients with predialysis K in the target range—direct, strong evidence on potassium/electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 24679880

Oral potassium citrate provides potassium supplementation and modifies urinary chemistry, supporting electrolyte/mineral management in stone disease.

PubMed ID: 29369537

Patiromer titration maintained serum potassium within target range in HF/CKD patients—direct electrolyte-modulating intervention.

PubMed ID: 29688582

Esaxerenone produced dose-related increases in serum K and changes in urinary Na+/K+, demonstrating direct effects on potassium handling (drug-induced hyperkalaemia risk).

PubMed ID: 29381789

Methodological paper showing common dietary tools misestimate potassium intake — important for assessing electrolyte sufficiency in studies.

PubMed ID: 29587582

Monitored potassium changes with spironolactone in acute HF; relevant to electrolyte safety.

PubMed ID: 29440005

Shows diuretics/drug combos alter urinary K+ excretion and reduce serum K — strong mechanistic electrolyte evidence.

PubMed ID: 29767459

Long‑term patiromer maintained serum K in CKD/diabetes patients — strong evidence for electrolyte balance management.

PubMed ID: 30408810

Urinary Na/K ratio related to BP and CT‑1 changes — informative about sodium/potassium balance in physiology.

PubMed ID: 29497150

Trial of oral potassium chloride supplementation directly assesses potassium dosing and serum potassium outcomes.

PubMed ID: 30103622

Patiromer robustly lowered and maintained serum potassium and returned many hyperkalemic patients to target — direct electrolyte‑balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 29753370

ARB+spironolactone raised serum potassium and increased hyperkalemia-related dropouts — demonstrates clinically important electrolyte effects.

PubMed ID: 29400576

High‑K salt substitute is a direct dietary intervention that increases potassium intake and affects electrolyte balance and BP.

PubMed ID: 30197501

HCTZ lowered potassium while canrenone did not — clear demonstration of drug effects on potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 30175930

Adding azilsartan to chlorthalidone greatly reduced diuretic‑associated hypokalemia — direct evidence of K+ balance effects.

PubMed ID: 28774488

Perioperative use of colloid vs crystalloid altered serum potassium and ileus duration — shows fluid therapy impacts potassium and fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 28425272

Observed post‑transfusion potassium decreases in dialysis patients — demonstrates changes in serum K+ with clinical interventions.

PubMed ID: 28392080

DOSE trial evaluated diuretic strategies and net fluid output (decongestion) — directly relevant to fluid balance, which interacts with K+.

PubMed ID: 28857461

LY3127760 reduced 24‑h urinary potassium excretion substantially in healthy volunteers—demonstrates effect on potassium handling.

PubMed ID: 28803333

Tolvaptan increased free water clearance and altered serum sodium—important to body fluid balance (indirect to K homeostasis).

PubMed ID: 29019912

Spot urine Na/K ratio correlated reasonably with 24‑h Na/K; relevant metric for overall electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 28585859

Patiromer program: a GI potassium binder that promotes fecal K+ excretion—directly manipulates potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 24202399

Active monitoring and early correction of low potassium resulted in normalized serum K and improved clinical recovery, directly demonstrating electrolyte repletion benefits.

PubMed ID: 25135348

GIK infusion produced reproducible plasma potassium changes over 12 h in ACS patients and demonstrated genetic modifiers — direct measurements of K handling.

PubMed ID: 24408116

Spironolactone and losartan arms produced different mean serum K levels in diabetic nephropathy patients — direct evidence of drug effects on potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 25406305

TOPCAT regional analysis showed spironolactone increased hyperkalemia rates in some regions — documents impact of therapies on potassium homeostasis in a large trial.

PubMed ID: 25415805

Patiromer clearly and substantially reduced serum potassium and prevented recurrent hyperkalemia — direct, high‑quality evidence of manipulating K+ balance.

PubMed ID: 25415807

ZS‑9 produced rapid, dose-dependent reductions in serum potassium and maintained normokalemia — directly manipulates electrolyte balance (though as a binder lowering K).

PubMed ID: 23349296

Oral Na/K citrate is an explicit electrolyte intervention; trial showed clinical benefit and is directly relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 24035170

Real‑world spironolactone increased hyperkalemia risk, highlighting impact on electrolyte balance in practice.

PubMed ID: 23391635

Demonstrates preanalytical factors that can artifactually raise measured potassium — important for accurate electrolyte assessment.

PubMed ID: 23940307

Spironolactone-associated rise in potassium and hyperkalemia incidence — high relevance to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 23999456

Aliskiren trial reported trends toward higher severe hyperkalemia in diabetics — relevant to electrolyte risk stratification.

PubMed ID: 24176436

Salt-substitute intervention (KCl) designed to increase dietary K+ and lower Na+ — directly targets electrolyte balance (protocol).

PubMed ID: 23793945

Marked differences in hypokalemia rates between diuretic regimens demonstrate direct effects on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 24297687

Large trials quantifying serum K thresholds and incidences — strong evidence about systemic K+ changes with therapy.

PubMed ID: 23810881

Eplerenone increased serum potassium and hyperkalemia events — directly informs electrolyte balance implications of therapies.

PubMed ID: 23760292

Genetic study of kallikrein showed impaired renal adaptation to K load and higher plasma K, directly about electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 24048291

Oral KCl increased renin/aldosterone despite lowering BP — shows homeostatic electrolyte/RAAS effects of K supplementation.

PubMed ID: 23713082

BAY 94‑8862 produced smaller K increases than spironolactone—important for therapeutic electrolyte safety.

PubMed ID: 23107436

Intervention reduced interdialytic weight gain (fluid) and lowered serum K in dialysis patients—directly relevant to fluid management.

PubMed ID: 22574560

PIRRT lowered serum potassium significantly in AKI patients—demonstrates clinical control of electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 22418981

Na:K dietary ratios independently associated with mortality in dialysis patients—strong evidence that K balance matters clinically.

PubMed ID: 22475819

Dietary potassium estimated and linked to NEAP and kidney outcomes—supports role of potassium intake in electrolyte/acid–base physiology.

PubMed ID: 21950312

Spironolactone add‑on in CKD led to measurable rises in potassium (hyperkalemia events), directly relevant to electrolyte balance and safety.

PubMed ID: 22584796

Hydrocortisone+fludrocortisone produced a modest fall in plasma K and clear sodium retention (urinary Na/K ratio drop), demonstrating mineralocorticoid effects on fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 22431578

Large observational evidence linking both hypo- and hyperkalemia to worse outcomes highlights clinical importance of maintaining electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 23157935

Robust feeding trial showing precise differences in 24‑h urinary potassium excretion by diet, sodium level and race — strong direct evidence about potassium/electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 21863389

RCT evidence of higher serum potassium and reduced hypokalemia incidence postoperatively — clinically meaningful electrolyte effect.

PubMed ID: 22017794

MR antagonism altered urinary Na+/K+ acutely and aldosterone chronically—clear effects on electrolyte (Na/K) balance.

PubMed ID: 21419437

Surgical correction of primary aldosteronism normalized aldosterone and abolished need for K supplements, improving BP/volume status.

PubMed ID: 22205355

ADPKD baseline data document associations of serum and urine potassium with renal function—relevant to electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 21208974

RLY5016 is a K+‑binding polymer that significantly lowered serum potassium and reduced hyperkalaemia incidence — direct, high‑quality evidence on potassium/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 21158922

ACE inhibitor post-transplant use associated with potassium elevations/hyperkalaemia — directly relevant to electrolyte balance and safety.

PubMed ID: 19570764

Combined diuretic therapy including potassium-sparing agent influenced ascites resolution — directly relevant to body fluid/volume management.

PubMed ID: 20823097

Rolofylline increased urine output and renal excretion of sodium and potassium — directly relevant to fluid and electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 20519561

DASH diet increased urinary potassium and changed RAAS activity — direct evidence of altered potassium handling with dietary change.

PubMed ID: 20882268

Demonstrates that small increases in serum potassium during ARB therapy are common and linked to outcomes — directly about potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 21030879

ACEI-based regimen improved renal markers but required potassium monitoring due to hyperkalemia events.

PubMed ID: 20693353

Aliskiren added to ARB increased hyperkalemia rates in CKD across stages — directly relevant to electrolyte imbalance risks.

PubMed ID: 20101007

DASH diet increased urinary potassium and improved BP and other biomarkers, supporting dietary potassium's role in electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 19211712

ARB overdosing caused hyperkalemia in renal patients, directly demonstrating disruptions in electrolyte balance are clinically important.

PubMed ID: 19245300

Adding aliskiren to HCT reduced hypokalemia incidence compared with HCT alone—direct electrolyte outcome reported.

PubMed ID: 20007307

Direct study of potassium excretion/retention under controlled diets—clear evidence relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 19178877

Direct potassium supplementation altered plasma, urinary and fecal K handling — strong evidence of effects on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 19462490

Dietary potassium influences extracellular fluid and BP regulation—population data consistent with fluid-balance effects.

PubMed ID: 18579642

Documented differences in urinary potassium excretion by race/diet—relevant to population K balance and dietary recommendations.

PubMed ID: 18611341

Randomized study directly evaluating methods of K repletion in hypokalemic ICU patients—strong, direct evidence for restoring electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 18341677

Phase I study measured serum and urinary K with tolevamer; showed small changes in urinary K excretion—directly pertains to K handling and balance.

PubMed ID: 19029466

Torcetrapib produced a small but highly significant lowering of serum potassium in a large RCT—clear evidence of drug-induced potassium perturbation (electrolyte imbalance).

PubMed ID: 18753639

Telmisartan increased rates of K>5.5 mmol/L modestly — safety signal relevant to K balance.

PubMed ID: 18691778

Observational study linking low serum K to higher mortality in HF highlights clinical importance of maintaining normal K.

PubMed ID: 18176291

Diet initiation produced small serum K drops and some participants required supplementation, demonstrating the importance of maintaining K balance.

PubMed ID: 18327081

Low‑Na/high‑K diet altered kallikrein/kinin systems related to renal handling of salt and fluid; indicates effect on fluid balance physiology.

PubMed ID: 18468955

Direct oral potassium supplementation corrected hypokalemia and correlated with clinical improvement in RA patients — strong evidence of electrolyte repletion benefit.

PubMed ID: 17692744

Drug increased sodium excretion while sparing potassium excretion, showing preserved potassium balance in the context of natriuresis.

PubMed ID: 17463217

Coadministration of drugs that might affect K produced no change in plasma potassium, supporting stability of K under those conditions.

PubMed ID: 17495195

Total body potassium tracking during weight loss provides physiological evidence about whole-body potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 17984165

Large outcome trial showing torcetrapib-associated potassium decreases and clinical consequences—highly relevant to electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 17906162

Direct evidence that DRSP/E2 raised serum potassium and countered thiazide-induced hypokalemia—strongly relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 17719273

Higher inpatient loop diuretic doses associated with greater weight loss (fluid) and higher mortality; diuretics alter K and fluid.

PubMed ID: 17224857

DRSP/E2 partially prevented HCTZ‑related potassium loss—directly relevant to maintaining K+ balance.

PubMed ID: 17172377

ORS significantly better at preventing hypokalemia than IV saline in this setting—strong evidence for promoting electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 17181872

Adding 1 L/d fluid raised urine output and altered urinary potassium—directly relevant to fluid and renal excretory balance.

PubMed ID: 16624686

Population study highlighted hyperkalemia risk and inappropriate concurrent K+ supplement use — important for maintaining safe electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 17035949

Spironolactone changed serum potassium (increased), reflecting an intervention that meaningfully alters electrolyte balance in CKD patients.

PubMed ID: 16931172

Antialdosterone therapy (affecting Na/K balance) reduced progression to ascites/variceal events in cirrhotics, indicating effects on fluid homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 17163239

Use of potassium chloride with thiazide preserved serum potassium and addressed electrolyte effects of diuretics.

PubMed ID: 16762939

Replacing regular salt with potassium-enriched salt directly alters sodium/potassium balance at a population level with clear health benefits.

PubMed ID: 16290961

Canrenoate produced hyperkalemia in a subset of MI patients — direct potassium outcome.

PubMed ID: 15845718

Randomized trial showing LR led to less intraoperative hyperkalemia vs NS — direct, clinically important potassium effect.

PubMed ID: 16749353

Dialysis study directly documented large serum potassium changes—strongly relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 16278591

ANP infusion reduced need for dialysis and improved creatinine clearance vs conventional diuretics—demonstrates improved perioperative fluid/renal management.

PubMed ID: 15761754

Higher enalaprilat exposure produced a clear, significant increase in plasma potassium—direct evidence of drug‑mediated potassium shifts (electrolyte balance).

PubMed ID: 16186434

Drospirenone/estradiol caused a small increase in patients with elevated potassium—demonstrates potassium perturbation risk.

PubMed ID: 15925739

Study measured serum potassium and showed no excess hyperkalemia with drospirenone/estradiol while lowering BP, informing safety of electrolyte balance under that therapy.

PubMed ID: 15786818

Large trial linking hypokalemia to higher cardiovascular events highlights importance of preserving normal potassium for overall electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 14769716

Randomized comparison showed potassium-rich foods maintained serum potassium as well as supplement pills in patients on potassium-wasting diuretics — direct evidence for managing electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 12842242

Eplerenone trial monitored serum potassium as safety—demonstrates interplay of antihypertensive therapy and electrolytes.

PubMed ID: 12580985

Higher enalapril exposure in chronic renal failure was associated with increased serum potassium, highlighting medication effects on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 14584380

Milk Na/K ratio findings reflect potassium-related electrolyte balance in lactation and infant nutrition.

PubMed ID: 14652358

Low‑sodium/high‑potassium diet increased urinary K and lowered urinary Na substantially—direct dietary manipulation of electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 11849419

Directly measured potassium removal differences between dialysis modalities—strongly relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 11207173

Hypo-osmolar ORS containing K+ substantially reduced stool output and duration and rehydrated children without electrolyte derangement—direct evidence for fluid/electrolyte repletion.

PubMed ID: 11696690

GIK infusion includes potassium and changes electrophysiologic/cellular markers—directly involves electrolyte administration.

PubMed ID: 11464259

Dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio data link sodium and potassium intake to hypertension—important for electrolyte balance assessment.

PubMed ID: 11335732

Reduced-osmolarity ORS (contains 20 mmol/L K+) lowered need for IV therapy—direct evidence of improved rehydration/fluid management.

PubMed ID: 10818057

Shows clinical significance of maintaining normal serum potassium during diuretic therapy; hypokalemia associated with worse outcomes.

PubMed ID: 10348763

Amphotericin B caused increased potassium requirements — direct demonstration of disturbed K balance.

PubMed ID: 10910540

In VLBW infants with hyperkalemia, insulin+glucose cleared K faster — strong evidence of K homeostasis manipulation (clinical electrolyte management).

PubMed ID: 10348768

Amphotericin formulation influenced incidence of hypokalemia — demonstrates clinical importance of K management.

PubMed ID: 10393376

Documented rise in serum K+ and clinically significant hyperkalemia cases with TMP–SMX—direct evidence of electrolyte perturbation.

PubMed ID: 10454438

Dietary K+ increased urinary K+ and altered BP pattern — clear effect on electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 10075387

Overnight urine study documents population differences in urinary K and Na:K ratio, directly informing electrolyte balance and dietary K status.

PubMed ID: 9645829

Large randomized trial shows diuretic therapy can produce hypokalemia risk dependent on kidney function—important for electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 9856369

Indapamide SR halved the rate of low serum potassium compared with IR formulation — strong evidence about maintaining serum K balance during therapy.

PubMed ID: 9694753

Different amphotericin formulations altered the need for K supplementation — evidence about clinical management of potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 9867443

GIK includes potassium as an explicit component of an electrolyte regimen used therapeutically in MI — shows therapeutic use of K within an electrolyte strategy.

PubMed ID: 9737555

Na/K ratio decrease associated with BP improvement — directly implicates potassium (relative to sodium) in maintaining electrolyte-related cardiovascular homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 9554680

Large trial documented a mean serum potassium fall with chlorthalidone over 3 years — clear demonstration of clinical importance of K monitoring and replacement.

PubMed ID: 9350881

Plantain ORS sometimes caused decreases in serum sodium and potassium—directly reports electrolyte changes during rehydration.

PubMed ID: 9124977

Adding HCTZ+amiloride markedly increased diuresis and weight loss—clear impact on fluid balance and K‑sparing drug effects.

PubMed ID: 9106107

In kwashiorkor, higher potassium repletion markedly reduced mortality and infections vs standard K — direct, clinically important benefit from restoring electrolyte/mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 8707361

Amphotericin B associated with falls in serum K as a toxicity — evidence of drug-induced disturbances in electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 8888660

HCTZ produced a clear and clinically relevant fall in serum K (−0.5 mmol/L), demonstrating major effects on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9546928

Harmful interaction with K+-losing diuretics emphasizes clinical importance of K+ balance in outcome.

PubMed ID: 9122640

Reduced-osmolar ORS containing 20 mmol/L K+ substantially reduced stool losses and reduced IV fluid need—clear fluid-balance benefit.

PubMed ID: 8957033

Measured potassium clearance and tubular handling—directly pertinent to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 8888663

Spironolactone increased hyperkalemia incidence dose-dependently—important clinical evidence about K+ balance disturbance.

PubMed ID: 8840293

Dialysate K+ profile changes reduced arrhythmias and altered plasma–dialysate gradient—demonstrates clinical importance of K+ gradients.

PubMed ID: 8526698

Direct supplementation (80 mmol/day) produced large urinary K changes and corrected K deficit, supporting electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 8572850

Indapamide study documents incidence of low serum K with different formulations/doses — shows how therapies perturb electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7770713

Cholera ORS trials used solutions containing potassium (20 mmol/L); study shows effective rehydration — direct relevance to fluid and electrolyte replacement.

PubMed ID: 7795836

Direct randomized KCl supplementation increased urinary K excretion markedly — strong evidence for impact on whole-body K/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7850821

Combination antihypertensive therapy affected frequency of low serum potassium reports compared with diuretic alone — relevant to electrolyte disturbance risk.

PubMed ID: 8006914

ACE inhibitor prevented diuretic-induced hypokalemia, showing drug interactions that affect electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 8147677

Large RCT showing hydrochlorothiazide lowers serum K — direct electrolyte effect.

PubMed ID: 7859051

Thiazide therapy associated with lowered serum potassium in hypertensive diabetics — relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 8276370

Potassium canrenoate produced greater diuretic responses in cirrhosis with ascites, directly modifying fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 8111802

Loop diuretic led to small decreases in serum K in CHF cohort — electrolyte perturbation documented.

PubMed ID: 8385183

Shows marked thiazide-related K drop and modulation by ACE inhibitor — direct clinical evidence of K-electrolyte effects.

PubMed ID: 1306665

Indomethacin altered urinary potassium excretion and urine pH, showing effects on potassium handling and electrolytes.

PubMed ID: 1706531

Measured serum potassium and found it unchanged with different perioperative fluids—provides electrolyte monitoring context.

PubMed ID: 2031076

Thiazide dose-dependently lowered serum potassium (up to −0.52 mmol/L), highlighting important electrolyte consequences.

PubMed ID: 1929683

Hydrochlorothiazide caused dose-dependent drops in serum K, relevant to K homeostasis and electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 2029014

Direct measurement of renal potassium excretion changes with dietary sodium — directly about electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 1665184

Combination lisinopril/HCTZ attenuated thiazide-induced K loss — demonstrates therapeutic manipulation of K balance.

PubMed ID: 1929022

Dietary potassium increased urinary K and reduced medication need—demonstrates meaningful electrolyte changes with clinical effect.

PubMed ID: 2238184

Large dose‑response trial documented dose-related potassium changes with thiazides—relevant to electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 2193840

A potassium‑containing regimen prevented expected diuretic‑induced potassium loss, showing effective maintenance of electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 2284577

Combination regimen caused marked serum K decreases and frequent need for K supplements — direct evidence about K balance.

PubMed ID: 2258249

Thiazide diuretic induced decreases in serum K — demonstrates perturbations in electrolyte balance needing management.

PubMed ID: 2318517

Demonstrated substantial rates of thiazide-induced hypokalemia, highlighting the clinical need to maintain potassium/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 2392131

Trimethoprim–dapsone frequently caused mild hyperkalemia (53%): strong direct evidence of drug-induced K disturbance.

PubMed ID: 2344503

Bendrofluazide produced dose-related decreases in serum potassium — directly relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 1706024

Urinary potassium excretion validated as a biomarker of dietary K — relevant for assessing electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 2285635

Piretanide reduced weight/pressures and improved symptoms in HF — demonstrates diuretic effects on fluid balance with stable K.

PubMed ID: 2404477

Dietary counseling transiently increased urinary K, demonstrating diet‑driven changes in electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 2406601

Oral KCl raised serum and urinary potassium demonstrating direct effect on electrolyte balance in humans.

PubMed ID: 41730555

Trial of patiromer (K‑binder) is directly about acute K control/electrolyte management, though underpowered.

PubMed ID: 40590131

Direct quantification of hypokalemia risk across diuretic regimens and thresholds for supplementation — highly relevant to electrolyte balance management.

PubMed ID: 37846572

KMgCit vs KCl produced clear, clinically relevant changes in serum K and Mg, urinary citrate and urine pH — strong evidence of altering electrolyte/mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 35041780

Balanced multielectrolyte solution (contains K) trial addresses electrolyte therapy in critical illness—relevant to overall electrolyte balance (neutral clinical outcomes).

PubMed ID: 29121282

Perioperative fluid composition (saline vs Plasma‑Lyte) produced major differences in hyperkalaemia incidence and peak K+, showing K+ content in fluids impacts fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 27448942

KCl and KMgCit phases raised serum K vs placebo and altered oxidative stress/serum Mg with KMgCit — direct supplement evidence on electrolytes.

PubMed ID: 25338053

Household salt substitution (KCl for NaCl) produced large increases in K intake and corresponding BP changes — direct large‑scale evidence of changing population electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 23254595

Long‑term replacement salt increased dietary K and lowered BP, showing sustained effects on electrolyte intake/excretion.

PubMed ID: 21888642

K/Mg salt substitution increased urinary K and lowered Na intake over 8 weeks—directly alters electrolyte profile.

PubMed ID: 21815963

IV K+Mg corrected ionic milieu before cardioversion improving electrical stability — direct relevance to electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 10652038

Direct RCT: K–Mg–citrate corrected K, raised Mg, increased urinary pH/citrate—strong evidence supporting improved electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 10423646

Dose-ranging RCT showing dose-dependent correction of hypokalemia and changes in urine citrate/pH and Mg—robust electrolyte data.

PubMed ID: 10401023

High-quality RCT showing K–Mg–citrate corrects hypokalemia equivalently to KCl and improves Mg and urine parameters—strong electrolyte balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 9824785

Direct RCT: K–Mg–citrate corrected thiazide-induced hypokalemia and altered Mg and urine citrate—strong evidence for restoring electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9120155

Combined K+Mg supplementation reduced ventricular ectopy and reflects corrected electrolyte milieu; directly involves potassium dosing.

PubMed ID: 8895035

Salt substitution increased urinary potassium and lowered systolic BP in hypertensive diabetics—demonstrates electrolyte shift.

PubMed ID: 7828395

Strong evidence that oral K supplementation prevents hypokalaemia during bowel prep—direct demonstration of maintaining electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7920126

Low‑Na/high‑K salt increased urinary K by 22% and reduced urinary Na—clear effect on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 1340743

Chlorthalidone caused a clear potassium drop (4.2 → 3.7 mEq/L) while captopril+HCTZ avoided it — strong clinical evidence that interventions affect potassium/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 1665179

ACE inhibitor–thiazide regimens produced differential serum potassium effects — direct evidence about electrolyte balance in clinical therapy.

PubMed ID: 32900785

Reported modest increases in urinary potassium and sodium excretion — directly about electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 11944733

Sodium–potassium citrate is an explicit electrolyte therapy altering urinary chemistry — direct electrolyte-balance relevance.

PubMed ID: 2112187

Oral rehydration strategies (contain electrolytes including K+) reduced stool output and supported rehydration — directly fluid‑relevant.

PubMed ID: 33201535

Bumetanide exposure caused diuresis with electrolyte monitoring; relevant to electrolyte balance and K loss.

PubMed ID: 23233021

Bumetanide in children often caused hypokalemia requiring K supplementation — directly relevant to maintaining electrolytes.

PubMed ID: 41351703

Medically tailored groceries raised potassium intake transiently and lowered sodium—practical effect on dietary electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 36811476

Bariatric surgery led to substantial reductions in potassium intake over 1 year, showing risk to electrolyte balance after surgery.

PubMed ID: 39601354

Cross-sectional data show many PSC patients have potassium intakes below recommendations, signifying risk to electrolyte balance in that population.

PubMed ID: 27528522

Intervention substantially increased potassium content of snacks served — direct dietary electrolyte improvement.

PubMed ID: 24345027

Dietary program significantly improved the sodium/potassium ratio at the population level—important for electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 15082472

High-potassium salt measurably reduced urinary Na:K ratio—evidence that dietary K interventions modify electrolyte biomarkers.

PubMed ID: 40399660

Study focused on IV fluid composition, urinary Na:K ratios and hyponatremia — central to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 41178555

Patiromer produced an early and clinically meaningful fall in serum K in emergency hyperkalemia — direct electrolyte intervention.

PubMed ID: 40618849

SZC substantially and durably maintained normokalemia in hemodialysis patients—direct, robust effect on potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 38892539

Refeeding protocol clearly caused drops in K+ (and other electrolytes), demonstrating clinical electrolyte imbalance and need for monitoring/supplementation.

PubMed ID: 39095682

Large observational study showed frequent DDIs involving potassium-affecting drugs and an association with electrolyte-related ADRs — clinically important for maintaining electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 38622759

SZC robustly reduced serum K and increased bicarbonate — direct, clinically meaningful modulation of K balance.

PubMed ID: 36914591

Aldosterone-synthase inhibitor altered plasma K and urine Na/K ratio — strong mechanistic evidence on electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 36732123

Adding potassium to preop drinks markedly reduced incidence/severity of preoperative hypokalemia — direct electrolyte-balance benefit.

PubMed ID: 37343576

Balanced crystalloid (Plasma‑Lyte) vs saline around kidney transplant reduced acid/base disturbances and delayed graft function; fluid composition (including electrolytes) impacted fluid and acid–base homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 35597332

Direct randomized trial of oral KCl to maintain target serum K in PD patients — strong evidence for correcting/maintaining electrolyte (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 34775865

K‑containing isotonic glucose solution maintained more stable serum potassium intraoperatively compared with Ringer’s — direct electrolyte maintenance signal.

PubMed ID: 33104176

Large trial showing IV fluid composition (including K) substantially influenced clinically significant electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia) — direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 34187840

Fluid resuscitation strategy in DKA substantially affected potassium and chloride trajectories and incidence of hyperchloremic acidosis — very relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 31986290

Salt substitute substantially increased urinary K at population level—direct evidence of altering electrolyte balance via dietary potassium.

PubMed ID: 32390339

Behavior change reduced serum potassium modestly in HD patients—relevant to maintaining electrolyte targets in dialysis.

PubMed ID: 30307504

Large study comparing spot urine methods to 24‑h collections for sodium and potassium—directly relevant to monitoring K/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 29934667

Demonstrated changes in urinary Na+ and K+ and in electrolyte-free water clearance with tolvaptan vs furosemide — direct evidence about electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 27624603

Addition of tolvaptan to diuretics post‑CABG preserved serum K and normalized K excretion/urea handling faster — shows influence on renal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 27416541

Potassium‑containing perioperative fluid reduced potassium replacement needs and sped GI recovery — direct clinical fluid/electrolyte effect.

PubMed ID: 28531643

Multinutrient supplement reduced renal K+ losses in HIV patients, indicating improved K+ conservation and balance.

PubMed ID: 26576619

Oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate produced a clinically meaningful (~1 mEq/L) reduction in serum K in CKD patients — strong evidence on manipulation of potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 25402495

Demonstrated rapid, dose‑dependent lowering and maintenance of serum potassium — direct correction of electrolyte disturbance.

PubMed ID: 25362223

Change in anticoagulant produced a measurable serum potassium change in dialysis patients, showing influence on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 24666826

Sodium‑lactate infusion caused marked serum potassium drop and sodium rise — illustrates acute electrolyte shifts.

PubMed ID: 24401752

Increased ORS uptake for childhood diarrhea — ORS replaces fluids and electrolytes (including potassium) and supports fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 25091596

Provides detailed potassium kinetics in hemodialysis patients — directly relevant to managing electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 23905576

ENaC blocker produced frequent transient hyperkalemia and urine Na/K changes — clear demonstration of electrolyte regulation perturbation.

PubMed ID: 22357106

Pharmacist-led monitoring improved checks of urea & electrolytes, enhancing safe electrolyte (including K) management.

PubMed ID: 21126390

Spironolactone substantially reduced incidence of hypokalemia after brain injury — strong evidence for maintaining K+ balance.

PubMed ID: 21036834

Supplementing infusions with KCl altered serum electrolytes and reduced renal injury—directly demonstrates electrolyte supplementation effect.

PubMed ID: 21111980

Low‑dose dopamine + furosemide preserved serum potassium better than high‑dose furosemide — evidence about K+ preservation.

PubMed ID: 18694978

DKA regimens monitored/managed potassium closely—demonstrates clinical importance of maintaining electrolyte balance when treating metabolic emergencies.

PubMed ID: 18065796

Dialysate K profiling meaningfully changed plasma K during dialysis and altered arrhythmia risk—strong evidence of clinical importance of K management.

PubMed ID: 17692615

Fenoldopam altered urinary K excretion vs dopamine in a perioperative setting, indicating effects on electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 18330060

Oral rehydration solutions containing KCl are core to restoring fluid/electrolyte balance in dehydration—direct relevance.

PubMed ID: 17706059

Pediatric reduced‑osmolarity ORS (includes K) reduced IV fluid needs and maintained effective rehydration, showing strong fluid‑balance benefit.

PubMed ID: 18042917

GIK increased serum potassium/fluid gain in STEMI patients, affecting electrolyte balance and safety.

PubMed ID: 16796157

Reduced‑osmolarity ORS (contains potassium) increased urine output and reduced vomiting in cholera, demonstrating effective rehydration/fluid balance (multicomponent solution).

PubMed ID: 15989013

Different antihypertensive combos produced differing effects on serum potassium; important to electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 16359417

Stored RBCs imparted higher K+ loads during transfusion, a clinically important electrolyte source to consider.

PubMed ID: 16297299

Significant changes in plasma K+ with fluid choices in dehydrated infants—demonstrates clinical electrolyte management importance.

PubMed ID: 16191080

Bicarbonate vs acetate dialysis produced distinct intradialytic K+ dynamics and overall K+ removal equivalence — important for electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 14615732

Potassium‑enriched ORS demonstrably corrected hypokalemia faster than standard ORS — direct evidence of restoring K+ balance.

PubMed ID: 12845429

IV potassium phosphate reliably corrected phosphate but carried a hyperkalemia risk — strong evidence of altering electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 12844375

Direct randomized evidence that oral KCl supplementation modifies BP and systemic K+ status—strong evidence for modulating electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 12495832

Increased potassium intake linked to better BP control and overall sodium/potassium balance in large study.

PubMed ID: 10430112

COX inhibitors produced measurable potassium retention in salt‑depleted subjects — documents drug effects on whole‑body electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 10584839

Fludrocortisone caused sodium/water retention and transient hypokalemia in most patients — substantial perturbation of electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9760324

Study showed sodium‑containing soups/beverages restored plasma volume better than water after dehydration; potassium content was reported (indirect relevance to fluid/electrolyte balance).

PubMed ID: 9799029

Oral K supplementation substantially increased urinary potassium excretion and serum K—clear impact on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9056731

Cereal‑based ORS formulations (containing potassium) performed similarly in treating acute diarrhea—relevant to maintaining fluid balance during rehydration.

PubMed ID: 9366100

Large antihypertensive trial documented measurable serum potassium changes with diuretics (thiazide lowered K) and with spironolactone addition—important evidence for potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 8803994

Dialysate potassium management influenced arrhythmia incidence by modifying potassium gradients — relevant to clinical electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 9037790

Burn resuscitation study documented markedly different fluid volumes and ~2× potassium administered between formulas—directly relevant to fluid and K delivery/maintenance.

PubMed ID: 7735495

K‑rich salt substitute increased potassium excretion relative to regular salt—affects systemic electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7562679

Stress provoked increases in sodium and potassium excretion in many subjects and ACE inhibition reversed this—demonstrates regulatory control of electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7578498

ICodextrin in CAPD markedly increased overnight ultrafiltration volume versus glucose solutions — direct effect on ultrafiltration/fluid balance in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 7780250

Hypotonic ORS (contains K) improved clinical diarrhea outcomes while maintaining serum electrolytes.

PubMed ID: 7738626

Documented urinary electrolyte losses (including potassium) in cisplatin therapy highlight electrolyte perturbation.

PubMed ID: 8037103

IV torsemide increased urinary potassium excretion (clear demonstration of potassium fluxes relevant to overall electrolyte balance).

PubMed ID: 7805462

Spironolactone (K‑sparing) with ACE inhibitor improved urinary Na+/K+ ratio and reduced aldosterone—direct demonstration of altered electrolyte handling centered on potassium.

PubMed ID: 7997385

In heart-failure patients, torsemide reduced weight/edema and increased urinary Na and K excretion—relevant to clinical fluid balance management.

PubMed ID: 7978133

0.9% saline caused hyperchloraemic acidosis vs Plasmalyte with unchanged potassium; demonstrates fluid therapy effects on acid–base/fluids.

PubMed ID: 8103876

ORS trials (glucose-based ORS contains K+) showed reduced stool output and ORS intake and faster recovery—directly supports fluid/electrolyte repletion.

PubMed ID: 1378114

Reducing diuretic dose lowered hypokalemia incidence while preserving BP—clear clinical relevance to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 1951126

Thiazide therapy lowered serum and intracellular potassium and other cations, underscoring clinical electrolyte imbalance risk.

PubMed ID: 1762385

Direct randomized oral potassium replacement study demonstrating reliable restoration of serum potassium with different salts.

PubMed ID: 1778085

Adding triamterene to chlorthalidone reduced thiazide-induced potassium loss while maintaining BP—evidence for strategies to preserve electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 2091361

Maize-salt rehydration study rehydrated children but failed to correct hypokalemia within 24h — directly relevant to rehydration/fluid and K replacement strategies.

PubMed ID: 7530834

Rice-based ORS (containing potassium) reduced ORS volume requirements and improved rehydration outcomes vs WHO ORS—direct fluid‑balance benefit where K was a component.

PubMed ID: 15745291

Passive retrograde technique changed total K administered — procedural impact on electrolyte dosing.

PubMed ID: 33257778

Individualized nutrition counseling improved dietary potassium intake, directly affecting body electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 30509185

Micronutrient tablet including ~469 mg K modestly raised serum and urinary K — direct evidence of changing electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 19852789

DMSA markedly increased urinary potassium excretion (large, quantitated effect), directly demonstrating perturbation of electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 1992304

Rice-based ORS produced substantially greater fluid absorption and reduced stool output, directly restoring fluid balance in dehydrated infants.

PubMed ID: 41251791

Potassium citrate produced significant changes in urinary potassium and PRAL — direct electrolyte and acid–base effects.

PubMed ID: 40957504

Vamorolone restored urinary Na+/K+ ratio after fludrocortisone challenge, showing drug-mediated shifts in electrolyte handling (physiologic relevance).

PubMed ID: 39969301

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate given perioperatively markedly blunted postoperative hyperkalemia in dialysis patients, strong electrolyte-control evidence.

PubMed ID: 39490411

Dialysate K elevation plus oral SZC kept serum potassium in target range and reduced hypokalemia events — strong electrolyte-balance evidence in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 37063062

Calcium polystyrene sulfonate produced dose-dependent reductions in serum potassium in CKD — direct therapeutic effect on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 36319967

Predictive model for hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients directly concerns electrolyte (potassium) balance and its predictors.

PubMed ID: 34414606

RenalGuard markedly increased urine output and required higher K replacement while maintaining serum K — direct fluid/electrolyte management relevance.

PubMed ID: 34147308

Telehealth nutrition counseling reduced serum potassium and phosphorus in hemodialysis patients, improving clinically important electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 33027800

Medical nutrition therapy increased dietary potassium intake, directly affecting electrolyte intake status.

PubMed ID: 30817733

A perioperative nutrition protocol that included potassium raised postoperative serum K and reduced hypokalemia/events, improving fluid/electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 30109784

Potassium binder in dialysis meaningfully lowered serum potassium and affected serum phosphate—direct electrolyte balance intervention.

PubMed ID: 30381412

Patiromer led to changes in urinary phosphate and PTH while altering potassium handling—strong evidence of effects on electrolyte/mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 30353743

GLP‑1 increased urinary potassium excretion—demonstrates changes in electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 28697860

Perioperative nutrition protocol reduced hypokalemia incidence—direct improvement in electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 27029362

Cadmium exposure associated with altered urinary K and other minerals — evidence of disrupted electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 27603344

Septic AKI/CRRT cohort emphasizes frequent K disturbances and the clinical importance of correcting electrolytes.

PubMed ID: 26489809

Clear demonstration that amiloride raised plasma potassium (+0.63 mmol/L) while HCTZ lowered it—strong evidence for influence on K balance.

PubMed ID: 25672163

Potassium‑binding resins in CKD directly altered serum potassium—strong electrolyte management evidence.

PubMed ID: 24557989

Dialysis cohort identified pre-dialysis potassium as a major correlate of serum phosphate—ties K to broader electrolyte regulation.

PubMed ID: 23402387

Potassium‑binder use in dialysis patients pertains directly to maintaining potassium homeostasis though adherence limited effectiveness.

PubMed ID: 22991267

Potassium citrate decreased urinary calcium and net acid excretion — demonstrates potassium's systemic electrolyte/ion effects.

PubMed ID: 23162100

Long-term potassium citrate supplementation produced bone and mineral effects — relevant to wider mineral/electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 22388610

Intradialytic exercise altered serum potassium and phosphate in hemodialysis patients — relevant to intradialytic fluid/electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 23043722

Enhanced feeding caused clinically significant hypokalemia events in VLBW infants — indicates effects on electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 22099273

Potassium‑sodium citrate normalized urinary citrate and other chemistries—strong electrolytic correction in stone formers.

PubMed ID: 20807467

Low‑Na, high‑K dietary intervention directly manipulated potassium intake and produced BP and surrogate electrolyte‑balance effects.

PubMed ID: 20083724

KCl and KHCO3 raised urinary K, improved endothelial measures and altered urinary calcium—direct evidence K supplementation modulates electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 20877298

Quantified urinary K excretion variability with diuretic and genetics—relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 19786678

CKD trial/dataset identified determinants of hyperkalemia risk — directly relevant to electrolyte balance and safety.

PubMed ID: 19661926

Salt substitute that replaces Na with K altered urinary sodium excretion and BP — directly relevant to electrolyte replacement/balance.

PubMed ID: 18360017

HCTZ regimen caused serum K decline—demonstrates how diuretics alter electrolyte/fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 16450155

Measured substantial K loss with HCTZ—direct data on electrolyte perturbation.

PubMed ID: 17059993

Urine sodium–potassium ratio associated with CV risk—supports the physiologic importance of Na/K balance in fluid/electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 15759021

Calcium+potassium supplementation increased sodium excretion and moderated BP—shows beneficial shifts in electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 15117041

Potassium‑containing salts increased urinary K and citrate and altered urine chemistry—direct electrolyte effects relevant to stone prevention.

PubMed ID: 15572425

Long‑term potassium bicarbonate produced sustained changes in urinary calcium (electrolyte handling) in postmenopausal women.

PubMed ID: 14972007

Demonstrates clinically important drops in serum K after certain bowel preps—evidence of clinical electrolyte perturbation.

PubMed ID: 12839657

Salt replaced with potassium (plus calcium) altered urinary Na/K and lowered BP — urinary electrolyte shifts reflect effects on fluid/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 11680666

Losartan+diuretic avoided K loss seen with nifedipine+diuretic — demonstrates pharmacologic preservation of K and electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 10450296

DASH menu analyses validated differences in dietary K (and other minerals) across diets — supports dietary electrolyte balance as a mechanism.

PubMed ID: 9720517

Potassium phosphate altered urinary calcium and vitamin D—affects mineral/electrolyte relationships.

PubMed ID: 9754465

Acetate hemodialysis produced large acute drops in serum potassium — highlights importance of monitoring/maintaining electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9366314

Potassium‑magnesium citrate provides potassium plus magnesium and significantly reduced stone recurrence—demonstrates therapeutic electrolyte supplementation.

PubMed ID: 8565536

Magnesium repletion substantially improved net potassium balance in hypokalemic ICU patients — important clinical demonstration of electrolyte interaction and restoration.

PubMed ID: 8750365

Ramipril added to chlorthalidone reduced urinary K and Mg losses compared with diuretic alone — direct evidence of preserving electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 8230497

Potassium citrate increased urinary potassium and citrate while dramatically reducing stone formation — strong evidence of potassium's effects on urinary electrolytes and balance.

PubMed ID: 1586398

Direct potassium supplementation RCT—most relevant to changes in electrolyte/mineral status even though no BP effect was seen.

PubMed ID: 2364920

Dietary intervention raised serum potassium substantially and improved BP — direct evidence that potassium‑rich diets alter electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 32809261

Large HF trial documented small but significant shifts in serum potassium distribution between treatments, informing K balance.

PubMed ID: 31748705

Indapamide lowered serum potassium — clear evidence of drug-induced electrolyte disturbance needing management.

PubMed ID: 27170530

Uptitration regimens produced differing hyperkalaemia incidences — data on K homeostasis during therapy initiation.

PubMed ID: 27849566

Sacubitril/valsartan increased natriuresis and diuresis (fluid excretion) — mechanisms that interact with K and fluid balance.

PubMed ID: 18457886

Elderly ARB+HCTZ group showed a significant K decrease (−0.4 mmol/L), demonstrating thiazide impact on electrolytes.

PubMed ID: 19120715

HCTZ-associated potassium lowering and metabolic effects documented in a randomized trial — relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 30225852

Lime powder regimen increased urinary potassium and citrate and improved lithogenic markers—evidence of electrolyte/acid‑base effects.

PubMed ID: 29605825

Oral potassium citrate increased urine pH and decreased urine sodium in children—demonstrates electrolyte redistribution with potassium therapy.

PubMed ID: 18946667

Potassium citrate and lemon juice substantially increased urinary citrate and urinary potassium while reducing urinary calcium—direct electrolyte effects.

PubMed ID: 18560820

Lime drink (21 mEq K) increased urinary potassium and altered urinary pH/citrate—demonstrates potassium's role in electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 16940700

Okinawan vegetable intervention raised urinary potassium by ~20% — direct effect on electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 22229802

Direct RCT evidence of increased 24‑hr urinary potassium indicating altered electrolyte status after dietary change.

PubMed ID: 10750670

Fruit/veg intervention produced a clear rise in urinary potassium — direct marker of improved electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 34488362

Explicitly included 10% potassium chloride in a clinical regimen—direct involvement of potassium chloride and therefore electrolyte balance, though mixed with other agents.

PubMed ID: 9663539

Intentional hyperkalaemic reperfusion altered myocardial ionic milieu and preserved metabolism — direct manipulation of extracellular K+.

PubMed ID: 22120092

Tolvaptan produced aquaresis and reduced congestion/weight in HF patients — strong fluid‑balance effects, though not from potassium supplementation.

PubMed ID: 16362593

Reduced nightly potassium excretion noted in enuretics — direct K excretion observation.

PubMed ID: 12742979

Tolvaptan produced marked aquaresis and reduced body weight/edema — strong fluid-balance effect.

PubMed ID: 7943831

Directly measured increased urinary potassium excretion (kaliuresis) — clear electrolyte-handling data.

PubMed ID: 7919085

Population data linking Na/K ratio to BP and stroke imply the importance of maintaining electrolyte balance (adequate potassium relative to sodium).

PubMed ID: 40156990

Mannitol caused measurable intraoperative electrolyte shifts (notably a modest K rise) and higher urine output — demonstrates acute electrolyte perturbations associated with fluid therapies.

PubMed ID: 40468047

Intervention in hyperaldosteronism led to correction of potassium abnormalities — strong clinical evidence that correcting disease processes normalizes potassium/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 35920250

Large RCT showed differential serum potassium changes between bowel‑prep regimens—direct evidence about clinical electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 33165006

Oral sulfate tablet prep contains KCl and produced only small electrolyte changes—direct relevance to electrolyte safety/handling.

PubMed ID: 33512754

Licogliflozin trial directly measured urinary electrolytes including potassium and showed significant changes — relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 32438659

Dietary salt reduction produced meaningful decreases in urinary Na:K ratio and associated BP/renin benefits—direct electrolyte‑balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 27666380

Dietary pattern with K‑rich foods correlated with a healthier urinary Na:K ratio—supports electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 27716064

Large RCT documents drug-related serum K decreases—demonstrates clinically meaningful electrolyte perturbation.

PubMed ID: 25409877

Intervention with potassium‑enriched salt altered urinary sodium and produced BP benefits—direct evidence that changing K intake affects overall electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 25066025

Bowel‑prep with sports drink led to measurable serum electrolyte changes including potassium; relevant to electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 23999279

Dietary intervention increased urinary K (intake biomarker)—evidence for modifiable K/electrolyte status via diet.

PubMed ID: 23093587

Strong population evidence that the urinary sodium‑to‑potassium ratio associates with BP, highlighting the importance of potassium in electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 22907731

Genetic variation in renal K channel associates with serum K changes—strong biological tie to electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 20012785

Racemic salbutamol produced clinically significant reductions in serum potassium in children—clear demonstration of K perturbation by drugs.

PubMed ID: 19769634

Phosphate bowel preparations produced transient potassium changes—relevant to electrolyte balance management.

PubMed ID: 17460608

Genetic variation in renal sodium transporters influences diuretic response and thus secondary K handling (electrolyte context).

PubMed ID: 19589901

Different amphotericin dosing led to fewer hypokalaemic days and fewer K‑supplement days—important for K balance in clinical care.

PubMed ID: 38892699

Potassium‑containing hydration powder was tested as an electrolyte/hydration product and found safe with small K/eGFR changes.

PubMed ID: 40258348

Moxibustion+PD reduced serum K in dialysis patients—altered electrolyte status in a renal population.

PubMed ID: 2216613

High-dose nebulized albuterol associated with a fall in serum potassium in children — direct K shift evidence.

PubMed ID: 2365214

Randomized trial showing PEG bowel prep can lower serum K by 0.22 mEq/L — direct electrolyte balance data.

PubMed ID: 2337035

Beta‑blocker treatment modified the exercise-related serum potassium rise—shows pharmacologic modulation of K handling.

PubMed ID: 2233588

Small but measurable serum K decrease with certain bowel preps (−0.32 mmol/L) — relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 11527126

Chlorthalidone decreased serum potassium significantly — clear evidence concerning electrolyte disturbances from diuretics.

PubMed ID: 2024567

Arterial potassium fell ≈0.3 mmol/L when adrenaline was added to anesthetic — direct measurement of potassium perturbation.

PubMed ID: 1845926

Clear, clinically relevant preoperative potassium decreases (~0.8 mEq/L) mediated by beta‑2 receptors — strong evidence of potassium flux relevance to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 2064494

Dietary interventions in this large trial included potassium changes which influence natriuresis and fluid status as part of BP effects.

PubMed ID: 1642936

Change in urinary potassium excretion with ketorolac indicates renal/electrolyte handling of K+ was affected.

PubMed ID: 1538559

Randomized dietary manipulation (low‑sodium/high‑potassium) showed BP changes consistent with altered electrolyte handling; dietary K+ effect implicated.

PubMed ID: 8454808

Randomized dietary intervention produced clear increases in potassium intake and urinary excretion—strong evidence about dietary potassium affecting body K balance.

PubMed ID: 8033771

Thiazide diuretics significantly reduced serum potassium in hypertensive subjects—important clinical evidence about electrolyte balance perturbation requiring K monitoring.

PubMed ID: 8466068

IV insulin with glucose produced rapid, large decreases in serum potassium and controlled reperfusion hyperkalaemia—robust clinical evidence of K shifting.

PubMed ID: 8424497

GIK regimens administered a defined potassium load (70 mmol) during bypass—relevant to perioperative K management.

PubMed ID: 7826557

Dietary low-sodium/high-potassium intervention produced a measurable increase in urinary K excretion, directly addressing K intake/excretion balance.

PubMed ID: 8039040

Direct, large, and quantifiable plasma K decreases after salbutamol in patients with renal failure—strong evidence about acute K shifts and electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7526050

Large trial documenting hyperkalaemia events and the need to monitor potassium when combining potassium-sparing diuretics and ACE inhibitors—highly relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7898342

Endurance training increased plasma and blood volume but did not change serum K; demonstrates exercise effects on fluid compartments relevant to K distribution.

PubMed ID: 8797398

Large RCT in acute asthma showing differential serum K decreases between bronchodilators—clear evidence of K shifts with clinical relevance.

PubMed ID: 8903817

Bowel prep produced significant K and ionized calcium drops vs baseline—important electrolyte changes.

PubMed ID: 8672752

Sodium phosphate prep produced a measurable lowering of serum K (~0.4 mmol/L)—relevant to clinical electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9487416

Direct, comparative study of therapies to lower high potassium in renal failure—central to electrolyte balance management.

PubMed ID: 9186877

Clear demonstration of rapid, large potassium shifts with beta-agonists—highly relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9208337

Chronic antihypertensive therapy produced decreases in serum potassium—important for long-term electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 9209250

Fenoterol lowered blood potassium after bleeding — direct demonstration of K change under pharmacologic stress.

PubMed ID: 9616507

Shows measurable decreases in serum potassium related to inhaler technique/delivery; relevant to how interventions affect potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 9675624

Thiazide-induced modest K fall exemplifies clinical causes of electrolyte disturbance.

PubMed ID: 10881066

Bowel preparation caused significant changes in serum potassium among other electrolytes — pertinent to electrolyte balance concerns in clinical care.

PubMed ID: 11134566

Direct, large‑magnitude removal of potassium from stored RBCs (≈94% removal) — strong direct evidence for manipulating K+ content.

PubMed ID: 11742271

Large pediatric trial showed modest but consistent serum K+ decreases with bronchodilators (−0.3 to −0.6 mEq/L).

PubMed ID: 11829098

Formoterol and terbutaline both lowered serum K+, with terbutaline producing larger drops (quantified values).

PubMed ID: 11731749

Hypertonic saline vs mannitol: potassium fell modestly and osmolality and sodium changes were tracked — direct fluid/electrolyte balance relevance.

PubMed ID: 11275616

Sodium‑phosphate bowel prep produced a measurable decrease in serum potassium — clear electrolyte impact.

PubMed ID: 11880014

Clonidine prevented preoperative hypokalemia and increased mean serum K vs control — direct effect on maintaining K levels.

PubMed ID: 14509562

Formoterol caused a modest (≈0.2 mmol/L) decrease in serum potassium in acute asthma patients — evidence of K shifts.

PubMed ID: 12678340

Oral sodium phosphate bowel prep produced a modest but significant potassium decrease vs PEG — relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 15933926

Sodium-phosphate bowel prep caused significant serum potassium decreases and phosphate increases — clear electrolyte-balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 17161766

HCT in a large RCT reproducibly reduced serum K—clear clinical signal about electrolyte disturbance.

PubMed ID: 16434755

Phosphate bowel prep produced modest but consistent perioperative decreases in serum K and more abnormal values.

PubMed ID: 17573796

NaP colon prep caused larger and more frequent potassium and other electrolyte changes—direct evidence about K/electrolyte perturbation.

PubMed ID: 18981326

Large trial showing thiazide-induced K decreases that mediated metabolic risk—strong evidence of clinical importance of maintaining K balance.

PubMed ID: 18655841

Nebulized formoterol produced a dose-dependent transient fall in serum K—relevant to drug-induced electrolyte shifts.

PubMed ID: 28814143

LY3045697 inhibited aldosterone and raised serum K dose‑dependently—direct effect on systemic K balance.

PubMed ID: 28495809

Randomized comparison showing enteral potassium replacement is as effective as IV for correcting serum potassium—direct electrolyte balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 28291262

Bumetanide produced dose‑dependent hypokalemia — directly relevant to electrolyte balance and the need for K+ monitoring/supplementation.

PubMed ID: 29198641

Behavioral program in HD patients led to improved serum potassium control—practical evidence for better electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 28888762

Probiotics in HD patients increased serum potassium significantly—shows interventions can alter potassium levels.

PubMed ID: 28151412

Extended‑hours hemodialysis decreased serum potassium in an RCT—demonstrates intervention‑driven change in potassium levels.

PubMed ID: 28577665

Salt substitute design trial uses potassium enrichment to alter sodium/potassium balance population‑wide (protocol paper).

PubMed ID: 29093302

Urinary Na/K self-monitoring targeted dietary Na/K ratio and produced small increases in urinary K excretion — directly about electrolyte balance behavior.

PubMed ID: 27413136

NHANES 24-h urine feasibility study produced usable population-level potassium excretion data — supports monitoring of electrolyte balance at population level.

PubMed ID: 27176144

Study documented large intra-individual day-to-day variability in urinary K, important for accurate assessment of electrolyte status and balance.

PubMed ID: 27522631

ATHENA‑HF protocol emphasises monitoring for hyperkalemia with spironolactone, highlighting the electrolyte safety considerations in therapy.

PubMed ID: 26719915

Addition of HCTZ to telmisartan reduced serum potassium—illustrates how common drugs affect potassium balance (clinical relevance).

PubMed ID: 27215244

Na/K citrate (contains K) modestly preserved serum K versus bicarbonate after contrast—evidence of K contribution to electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 27350174

Patiromer directly lowers serum K (binds K+) and thereby alters electrolyte balance in CKD patients.

PubMed ID: 27515930

Community salt‑substitution trial directly increased urinary K and lowered Na/K ratio—strong evidence for improving electrolyte balance via K.

PubMed ID: 28003041

CKD oat intervention directly measured and influenced serum potassium changes, relevant to electrolyte balance in renal patients.

PubMed ID: 27712772

TOHP analyses found sodium:potassium ratio predicted long‑term mortality—supports importance of Na/K balance.

PubMed ID: 27935977

Cluster RCT of potassium-enriched salt-substitute showed clear increases in urinary potassium and decreased sodium excretion — strong population-level evidence for shifting electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 27233381

24-h urine K measurements used as intake surrogate and linked to outcomes — demonstrates relevance of K excretion/intake to health.

PubMed ID: 27338467

Dietary intervention altered urinary potassium and sodium:potassium ratio — supports dietary influence on electrolyte balance (though effects modest/inconsistent).

PubMed ID: 27413123

Direct human pharmacokinetic evidence that dietary potassium from potatoes and potassium gluconate is bioavailable with ~94% urinary recovery — strong support for electrolyte contribution.

PubMed ID: 25727941

Corn silk extract presumed to act via a potassium‑mediated diuretic mechanism (supports short‑term fluid balance effects).

PubMed ID: 26657005

Salt-substitute sales mirrored increases in population potassium intake (direct population-level effect on electrolyte balance).

PubMed ID: 26314308

ORS formulations containing potassium corrected hypokalemia in malnourished children with diarrhea — direct support for electrolyte restoration.

PubMed ID: 25651363

ZS-9 produced dose-dependent, significant reductions in serum potassium and urinary potassium excretion in CKD patients with hyperkalemia (direct electrolyte intervention).

PubMed ID: 26027555

Study of maintenance IV fluids (that contained KCl) showed major differences in hyponatremia incidence; relevant to overall electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 26172895

Patiromer gave durable, dose-dependent reductions in serum potassium over 52 weeks — direct evidence of modifying electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 26011677

ZS‑9 rapidly lowered serum potassium and maintained normokalaemia during follow‑up — strong direct evidence of electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 25673113

Dietary potassium supplementation altered potassium handling and urinary potassium and produced physiological BP changes, consistent with impacts on electrolyte status.

PubMed ID: 40647256

Intervention increased dietary potassium intake and reduced urine Na/K ratio — directly demonstrates improved electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 41159496

Natriuresis‑guided therapy changed natriuresis/diuresis with implications for K+ handling and electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 41391159

Spironolactone trial reported small K+ changes and monitored safety — relevant to electrolyte maintenance in CKD/diabetes.

PubMed ID: 38632053

UNa‑guided diuretic adjustment reduced hypokalemia incidence and influenced electrolyte outcomes in acute HF.

PubMed ID: 41185428

Two‑phase low‑K dialysate profile directly and effectively managed serum potassium—strong evidence for electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 40189653

Antihypertensive trial tracked serum potassium as a safety endpoint—informative for electrolyte monitoring with BP drugs.

PubMed ID: 40024602

Hemodialysis dietary self‑care program produced measurable changes in serum potassium—direct electrolyte management in patients.

PubMed ID: 40607983

Patiromer allowed safe RAASi up‑titration by controlling serum K—direct intervention to maintain electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 40077649

Plant‑based diet increased dietary potassium without raising serum K in CKD—supports safe electrolyte modulation.

PubMed ID: 41039732

Large post‑hoc HF analysis showed baseline K influenced outcomes and hyperkalaemia rates—important for electrolyte risk management.

PubMed ID: 40148710

Five‑year randomized substitution of salt with KCl influenced population sodium/potassium profiles—relevant to electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 40264179

Potassium‑enriched salt substitute changed population electrolyte exposure and reduced BP/CV outcomes—supports electrolyte rebalancing strategies.

PubMed ID: 39924530

Vegetable‑juice intervention provided ~700 mg K per serving and improved urinary Na/K ratio — dietary electrolyte evidence.

PubMed ID: 40329202

SZC normalized serum potassium faster than SPS in dialysis patients — strong direct evidence for K balance management.

PubMed ID: 41263071

Potassium‑enriched salt increased K intake and changed population urinary K and BP — dietary electrolyte balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 40681108

Cooking methods significantly alter potassium content of vegetables/legumes — practical tool to manage dietary K.

PubMed ID: 39380152

Finerenone program showed clinically meaningful effects on serum potassium distributions (reduced hypokalemia) — relevant to K balance.

PubMed ID: 39976633

Patiromer robustly controlled serum potassium and maintained normokalemia vs placebo — direct electrolyte management evidence.

PubMed ID: 39883400

Brief counseling increased 24‑h urinary K slightly — supports ability to influence electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 40504011

Potassium‑containing salts in DASH diet changed urine Na/K ratio and lowered BP — dietary electrolyte impact.

PubMed ID: 40214261

Behavioral interventions increased urinary potassium excretion (estimated 24‑h) — direct evidence of changing K intake/excretion.

PubMed ID: 39181408

Eplerenone trial reported hyperkalemia incidence—important for electrolyte monitoring in cardiac therapy.

PubMed ID: 38465623

Large trial with K‑enriched salt showing increases in K excretion and downstream reductions in CV events—strong electrolyte balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 38450878

Loop diuretic dosing in HF strongly affects fluid balance; these drugs also cause K losses — direct fluid/K interplay.

PubMed ID: 38743423

Thiazide‑like vs thiazide diuretic differences altered hypokalemia rates and fluid management context.

PubMed ID: 39095791

IV fluid sodium strategy influenced hyponatremia prevention; potassium dosing unchanged but fluid/electrolyte context relevant.

PubMed ID: 39219444

ROMK inhibitor caused dose-dependent increases in urine volume and natriuresis — strong evidence for effects on fluid balance via K-channel modulation.

PubMed ID: 38402353

K‑enriched salt robustly increased urinary K excretion (~+24.9 mmol) demonstrating improved population K intake and electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 39580768

Patiromer produced durable, dose‑dependent reductions in serum K and normalized K in hyperkalemic patients—direct, high‑quality evidence for K management.

PubMed ID: 39468380

Stopping spironolactone lowered serum K (safety signal) indicating how medications influence systemic K balance.

PubMed ID: 39159624

Patiromer robustly reduced hyperkalemia events and enabled RAASi use — direct, high-quality evidence for improving K-electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 38872014

Potassium-citrate supplementation altered urinary pH and markers; affects K homeostasis and electrolyte/acid-base status.

PubMed ID: 38934966

Adding thiazide to loop diuretics increased urine output and weight loss—directly alters fluid balance; reported K safety (no increase in hypokalemia).

PubMed ID: 39112102

Large RCT showed SZC rapidly lowered and maintained serum K in hyperkalaemia—strong direct evidence for K/electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 39340493

Patiromer lowered K modestly and helped patients remain on guideline HF drugs—directly relevant to maintaining K homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 39566872

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate effectively maintained normokalemia and reduced hyperkalemia risk — strong evidence for electrolyte control.

PubMed ID: 38569758

Dapagliflozin increased urine output and natriuresis and allowed lower loop diuretic doses — strong effect on fluid balance and related electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 9694753

Amphotericin formulation changed the need for potassium supplementation — clinical evidence about mineral repletion management.

PubMed ID: 16434755

Phosphate bowel prep increased abnormal K values and decreased mean K—evidence of disturbed mineral balance perioperatively.

PubMed ID: 17573796

NaP colon prep caused sizable electrolyte (including potassium and phosphorus) shifts—directly pertinent to mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 18981326

Large RCT showing thiazide-induced serum K decreases with clinically important metabolic mediation—strong evidence on maintaining K mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 22907731

KCNJ1 genetic effects on serum K support a role in mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 23093587

Strong evidence that the sodium‑to‑potassium ratio is physiologically important—directly relevant to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 23999279

Increased dietary K biomarker indicates improved potassium/mineral intake and balance from diet change.

PubMed ID: 25409877

Dietary substitution with K‑enriched salt altered urinary electrolytes and BP—demonstrates influence on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 27716064

Documented small but significant decreases in serum potassium with diuretic therapy — relevant to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 27666380

Dietary pattern associated with a healthier urinary Na:K ratio—supports maintenance of mineral balance through diet.

PubMed ID: 32438659

Intervention decreased the sodium:potassium ratio and linked ratio reductions to biomarker/BP improvements—directly about mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 33165006

Oral sulfate prep contains KCl and produced small electrolyte changes—direct mineral balance data.

PubMed ID: 35920250

Large trial showed differing serum potassium declines between preparations—relevant to acute mineral balance and safety.

PubMed ID: 40468047

Adrenal embolization produced better correction of hyperaldosteronism and potassium abnormalities than medical therapy — highly relevant to maintaining systemic potassium/mineral balance in disease.

PubMed ID: 40156990

Mannitol caused acute intraoperative potassium rise and increased urine output — demonstrates how therapies can perturb mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 7919085

Epidemiologic association of Na/K ratio with BP and stroke emphasizes importance of maintaining appropriate potassium relative to sodium for mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 7943831

Documented kaliuresis demonstrates changes in mineral (K) handling relevant to balance.

PubMed ID: 8297448

Showed differences in magnesium preservation between potassium formulations and reported potassium concentrations — directly relevant to mineral management.

PubMed ID: 34488362

Included 10% potassium chloride in a multi‑drug regimen—direct involvement of potassium chloride and therefore mineral/electrolyte balance, though confounded.

PubMed ID: 10750670

Fruit/veg intervention raised urinary potassium and carotenoids — supports improved mineral/nutrient balance.

PubMed ID: 22229802

Demonstrated increased urinary K excretion after dietary change — direct evidence of altered mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 16940700

Vegetable intervention raised urinary K by ~20% — direct effect on mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 18560820

Lime drink increased urinary potassium and plasma potassium (in the lime group) showing effects on mineral status.

PubMed ID: 18946667

Potassium citrate increased urinary potassium and changed calciuria—direct electrolyte/mineral effects.

PubMed ID: 10678548

Combination RAAS blockade produced modest serum potassium increases in chronic renal disease—important evidence about potassium balance in clinical care.

PubMed ID: 11044229

Directly measured serum potassium changes with ACE inhibitor vs ARB — clear relevance to potassium/mineral balance in patients with reduced GFR.

PubMed ID: 19120715

HCTZ lowered serum potassium and worsened some metabolic markers; study documents thiazide impact on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 18457886

ARB+HCTZ decreased potassium by ~0.4 mmol/L and raised uric acid — direct mineral/electrolyte effects in elderly.

PubMed ID: 23339726

Large trial monitored potassium and reported no excess severe hyperkalemia—data relevant to mineral balance/safety on RAAS therapy.

PubMed ID: 31748705

Indapamide produced a measurable serum potassium decrease — clear evidence of altered mineral (K) balance with diuretics.

PubMed ID: 32809261

Large HF trial documented shifts in potassium distribution and hyperkalaemia/hypokalaemia incidences between therapies.

PubMed ID: 12566473

Caffeine increased urinary potassium excretion (mitigated by OCs), showing how behaviors affect mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 2364920

Heart‑healthy diet increased serum potassium substantially and changed mineral ratios — strong evidence that dietary potassium alters mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 1709240

Thiazide treatment tended to lower plasma potassium and altered metabolic markers—direct mineral balance implication.

PubMed ID: 1586398

Potassium supplementation RCT directly pertains to altering potassium/mineral intake and balance even though BP effects were absent.

PubMed ID: 8230497

Potassium citrate strongly modified urinary chemistry (citrate, potassium) and markedly reduced stone formation — clear mineral‑balance effect.

PubMed ID: 8002670

Potassium citrate substantially altered urinary citrate/pH and affected calciuria—direct mineral effects relevant to stones and bone.

PubMed ID: 8750365

Combination therapy prevented diuretic‑induced K and Mg losses and stabilized serum K — direct effect on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 8565536

Magnesium repletion changed net potassium balance from negative to positive — important evidence on maintaining mineral balance in patients.

PubMed ID: 8783785

Thiazide diuretic lowered potassium more than comparator — highlights perturbations in mineral balance caused by common meds.

PubMed ID: 9366314

Potassium‑magnesium citrate provides multiple minerals and reduced stone recurrence—supports mineral supplementation balance.

PubMed ID: 9720517

Potassium phosphate lowered urinary Ca and altered vitamin D—direct effects on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 10450296

DASH menu analyses validated dietary K differences across intervention diets — important for maintaining overall mineral balance through diet.

PubMed ID: 10916098

Comparing KHCO3 vs KCl, KHCO3 reduced urinary calcium and corrected dietary acidosis—strong evidence for mineral/electrolyte effects.

PubMed ID: 10981547

ACE inhibitor therapy raised serum K by ~0.8 mEq/L in renal patients—clinically meaningful change in mineral (K) balance to monitor.

PubMed ID: 11680666

Losartan+diuretic avoided diuretic‑induced K fall — demonstrates preservation of mineral (K) balance with drug choice.

PubMed ID: 11789362

Potassium citrate recommended to correct thiazide‑induced hypocitraturia—practical mineral‑balance intervention.

PubMed ID: 11994333

Potassium citrate prevented salt‑induced urinary calcium loss and reduced a bone resorption marker—direct effect on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 12839657

Table‑salt fortification with K changed urinary K and lowered BP — demonstrates K addition alters mineral/electrolyte balance (clinical trial in adolescents).

PubMed ID: 15572425

Potassium bicarbonate produced sustained reduction in urinary calcium—evidence of altered mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 15117041

Potassium salts altered urinary citrate, Ca and pH in stone patients—directly changes mineral excretion and balance.

PubMed ID: 17035614

K citrate reduced urinary calcium and improved BMD, indicating effects on whole‑body mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 16450155

Quantified HCTZ‑induced potassium losses—important data on mineral imbalance risk with diuretics.

PubMed ID: 18360017

Olmesartan/HCTZ caused modest serum K decrease—example of mineral imbalance from therapy.

PubMed ID: 20877298

Genetic study detailed urinary Na/K/Ca excretion under diuretics—relevant to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 20709302

Higher dietary potassium (within dairy‑rich patterns) associated with greater BMD and fewer stress fractures — indicative of mineral balance effects.

PubMed ID: 20083724

K salts altered urinary calcium, albumin and bone markers—evidence of improved mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 20807467

Dietary manipulation of potassium and sodium influenced BP and electrolyte profile, affecting mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 22099273

K‑sodium citrate normalized citrate and reduced stone recurrence—direct correction of urinary mineral chemistry.

PubMed ID: 23043722

Enhanced feeding led to hypokalemia events in infants — an example of disrupted mineral balance with clinical feeding protocols.

PubMed ID: 22908773

Potassium citrate (part of both arms) was used in a trial that reduced stone burden when combined with an herb — relevant to urinary mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 23162100

Long-term potassium citrate improved bone density and microarchitecture — reflects altered mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 22991267

Potassium citrate reduced urinary calcium and improved net calcium balance in a randomized trial — direct mineral-balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 25672163

Potassium‑binding resins change serum potassium and can affect overall mineral/electrolyte status in CKD patients.

PubMed ID: 25990255

Potassium bicarbonate lowered urinary calcium and NAE, indicating improved mineral (Ca) conservation and acid–base–mineral interactions.

PubMed ID: 25856221

Higher fruit/vegetable intake markedly raised urinary K and reduced urinary calcium, indicating potassium's role in mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 26489809

Amiloride increased plasma potassium whereas HCTZ decreased it—strong evidence for maintained/altered mineral balance by interventions.

PubMed ID: 27603344

CRRT/AKI study reports frequent mineral/electrolyte abnormalities (including K) relevant to mineral homeostasis in critical illness.

PubMed ID: 27029362

Cadmium exposure associated with significantly lower urinary K and altered urinary minerals — clear evidence of disturbed mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 28604516

Infant formula provided adequate potassium/minerals for most infants—direct mineral balance data.

PubMed ID: 30381412

Patiromer lowered urinary phosphate and reduced PTH/1,25(OH)2D—direct mineral metabolism effects.

PubMed ID: 29211866

Potassium bicarbonate affected net acid excretion and related to markers of bone turnover and calcium excretion—links to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 32506135

Four-week K supplementation decreased FGF23, increased plasma phosphate and reduced urinary calcium excretion—strong mineral-balance effects.

PubMed ID: 33027800

Nutrition therapy increased K intake alongside other minerals—relevant to repleting/maintaining mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 32712761

ADV7103 maintained plasma K while improving bicarbonate and urine chemistry—direct K-based therapy preserving mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 33904027

Potassium citrate changed urinary Ca and citrate and maintained electrolyte balance in stone patients.

PubMed ID: 34147308

Single telehealth nutrition counseling decreased median serum potassium and phosphorus in hemodialysis patients, improving mineral control.

PubMed ID: 34414606

Forced diuresis required extra K replacement to maintain serum levels — demonstrates the importance of K for mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 34028647

Included twice in other mappings because it highlights the clinical significance of low serum K as a diagnostic predictor for PA (mineral balance importance).

PubMed ID: 36319967

Hyperkalemia risk prediction model explicitly addresses disturbances of potassium balance in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 37063062

Calcium polystyrene sulfonate produced clear, dose-dependent reductions in serum potassium in CKD patients—direct intervention on mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 39490411

Dialysate K + SZC strategy kept more serum K measurements in target window and reduced hypokalemia — strong mineral-balance evidence in dialysis.

PubMed ID: 39969301

Perioperative SZC effectively prevented dangerous rises in serum K in dialysis patients, strong evidence for maintaining mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 40957504

Vamorolone normalized urinary Na+/K+ ratios after MR agonism, demonstrating modulation of mineral/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 41251791

Potassium citrate significantly changed urinary potassium and PRAL in stone patients — direct mineral-balance intervention.

PubMed ID: 1992304

Rice-based ORS increased potassium absorption, directly contributing to repletion/maintenance of mineral balance in dehydration.

PubMed ID: 19852789

DMSA produced substantial urinary potassium losses (quantified), directly demonstrating disturbance of mineral/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 30509185

Micronutrient tablet (including ~469 mg K) produced measurable increases in serum and urinary potassium — direct effect on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 26401577

Potassium citrate supplementation altered urinary/blood bone turnover markers—shows influence on mineral (K/Ca) handling.

PubMed ID: 30986958

Dietary intervention increased potassium intake (+20%), supporting mineral balance via food.

PubMed ID: 33257778

Individualized nutrition counseling measurably improved dietary potassium intake, supporting maintenance of mineral balance through diet.

PubMed ID: 39861348

Time‑restricted eating lowered potassium intake and increased risk of micronutrient inadequacy—clear impact on mineral balance from dietary timing.

PubMed ID: 15745291

Changing delivery lowered total K administered — indicates procedural control over mineral dosing.

PubMed ID: 32974732

MR antagonist therapy produced small dose‑related rises in serum potassium (safety and mineral‑balance implication) alongside renal benefits.

PubMed ID: 1778085

Triamterene added to chlorthalidone reduced thiazide-induced K loss while maintaining BP—practical approach to maintaining mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 1762385

Direct oral potassium replacement trial showing restoration of serum K with different salt forms; strong evidence for mineral repletion.

PubMed ID: 1951126

Thiazide-induced reductions in serum and intracellular cations demonstrate clinically important mineral imbalances.

PubMed ID: 1378114

Reducing diuretic dose substantially lowered hypokalemia incidence, preserving mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 7805462

Spironolactone with ACE inhibitor specifically improved sodium/potassium handling and urinary Na+/K+ ratio—strong evidence about maintaining potassium/mineral balance in clinical care.

PubMed ID: 8037103

IV loop diuretic produced marked increases in urinary potassium excretion—clear demonstration of potassium flux and clinical importance of correcting losses to maintain mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 7735495

K‑rich salt substitute increased urinary potassium excretion vs regular salt—evidence of altered mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 8803994

Dialysate potassium manipulation changed arrhythmia outcomes via K+ gradients, reflecting clinically important control of mineral distribution during dialysis.

PubMed ID: 9366100

Large trial documented changes in serum potassium with different antihypertensive/diuretic regimens—strong evidence about K homeostasis in clinical therapy.

PubMed ID: 9799029

Supplemental K markedly increased serum and urinary potassium—direct evidence of changing/maintaining systemic K pool.

PubMed ID: 10584839

Fludrocortisone produced pronounced sodium/water retention with transient hypokalemia in the majority of treated patients — strong, direct effect on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 10430112

COX inhibition in salt‑depleted subjects caused sodium and potassium retention — directly documents changes in whole‑body mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 11440284

Combination therapy prevented K loss seen with diuretics—strong mineral preservation evidence.

PubMed ID: 12495832

Higher K intake associated with improved BP control and balanced sodium/potassium status in older adults.

PubMed ID: 14579980

High hypokalemia prevalence in malnourished dehydrated children highlights clinical issues in maintaining K+ balance.

PubMed ID: 12844375

Oral KCl supplementation measurably changed systemic K+-linked outcomes (BP), supporting effects on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 12845429

IV potassium phosphate corrected phosphate and affected serum potassium — directly about mineral repletion and balance.

PubMed ID: 15181050

Eplerenone produced a consistent small rise in plasma K+—important for mineral (K+) balance considerations in therapy.

PubMed ID: 16191080

Showed similar total K+ removal but different kinetics with bicarbonate vs acetate dialysis — important for mineral homeostasis in dialysis.

PubMed ID: 16297299

Clear, clinically important changes in plasma K+ depending on fluid choice in severely dehydrated infants—strong evidence about K+ balance.

PubMed ID: 16359417

Older stored RBCs contain higher K+, affecting mineral load during transfusion.

PubMed ID: 19926893

Study documents clinically important serum potassium increases with RAAS‑targeted therapy, directly demonstrating effects on mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 21036834

Provision of KCl with infusions altered serum electrolytes and reduced kidney injury—supports K's role in mineral/electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 21126390

Spironolactone reduced hypokalemia incidence — relevant to maintaining mineral (K+) balance after injury.

PubMed ID: 22773591

Potassium citrate normalized bicarbonate and preserved bone microarchitecture vs KCl—demonstrates K's role in mineral/acid-base balance affecting bone.

PubMed ID: 23905576

ENaC blocker caused transient hyperkalemia and urine Na/K changes — strong evidence of altered mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 25091596

Detailed hemodialysis potassium kinetics are central to maintaining whole‑body K+ (mineral) balance in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 24666826

Sodium‑lactate infusion produced a clinically meaningful drop in serum potassium and rise in sodium — clear mineral balance perturbation.

PubMed ID: 25402495

Oral binder reliably lowers and maintains serum potassium, directly restoring mineral balance in hyperkalemia.

PubMed ID: 26576619

Intervention that markedly changed serum potassium in CKD demonstrates how therapeutic measures can restore mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 28531643

Micronutrient supplementation reduced renal K+ wasting in malnourished patients, promoting mineral conservation.

PubMed ID: 27416541

Perioperative potassium‑containing fluid reduced the need for potassium substitution, supporting perioperative mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 28842733

Potassium bicarbonate decreased net acid excretion and affected nitrogen/bone markers consistent with improved mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 29934667

Clear changes in urinary Na+ and K+ excretion and electrolyte-free water clearance — strong evidence about mineral/electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 32390339

Behavioral program in HD patients lowered serum potassium and phosphorus—direct impact on mineral management in dialysis.

PubMed ID: 34187840

DKA fluid strategies changed potassium trajectories and chloride, directly affecting mineral/electrolyte balance during resuscitation.

PubMed ID: 33104176

Trial showed IV fluid composition containing K materially changed risk of clinically significant electrolyte/mineral disorders (notably hypokalemia).

PubMed ID: 34064968

Feeding trial increased K retention and modified Na retention, demonstrating meaningful impacts on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 35597332

Protocolized oral potassium chloride directly maintained serum potassium and corrected hypokalemia in PD patients — strong evidence for mineral (K) balance maintenance.

PubMed ID: 36732123

Preop potassium-containing drinks markedly reduced preoperative hypokalemia incidence and severity—directly maintaining potassium mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 36914591

CYP11B2 inhibitor markedly increased plasma K and changed urinary Na/K — clear effect on mineral/potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 39095682

High prevalence of drug interactions affecting potassium highlights clinical risk to mineral balance in older inpatients.

PubMed ID: 38892539

Refeeding syndrome produced drops in potassium (and phosphate/magnesium), directly demonstrating disruptions in mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 40618849

SZC preserved normal serum K+ in hemodialysis patients, directly maintaining mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 40399660

Urinary Na:K patterns and hyponatremia risk directly demonstrate mineral/electrolyte balance effects.

PubMed ID: 19013573

Dietary vegetable intake significantly increased urinary potassium excretion — evidence of mineral intake/handling change.

PubMed ID: 24345027

Dietary intervention improved sodium/potassium ratio and thus affected mineral balance at the population level.

PubMed ID: 30514879

Continuous energy restriction preserved potassium intake better than intermittent restriction — supports mineral maintenance during dieting.

PubMed ID: 36811476

Bariatric procedures caused marked decreases in potassium intake over 1 year, demonstrating risk to mineral balance post-surgery.

PubMed ID: 39601354

High proportion of PSC patients reported potassium intakes below requirements indicating mineral imbalance risk in this group.

PubMed ID: 23233021

Bumetanide produced hypokalemia in many children requiring supplementation — direct mineral balance implication.

PubMed ID: 33201535

Bumetanide-induced diuresis and electrolyte monitoring demonstrate effects on mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 40715538

Potassium–magnesium citrate product altered stent encrustation and urinary chemistry — mineral handling relevance.

PubMed ID: 32900785

Measured changes in fractional potassium excretion reflect mineral handling by the kidney.

PubMed ID: 23521816

Association of serum potassium with ESA resistance and adverse outcomes in dialysis highlights clinical consequences of disturbed mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 1665179

Clear differences in serum potassium between antihypertensive regimens (statistically significant) — substantive clinical evidence about potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 1340743

Chlorthalidone caused a measurable potassium drop while captopril+HCTZ did not — robust clinical evidence on how treatments alter potassium levels.

PubMed ID: 7891796

Reported significant serum potassium increase with ACE inhibitor in diabetic renal disease — direct evidence on mineral (K) handling.

PubMed ID: 8903665

Large trial comparing antihypertensive combos assessed serum potassium equivalence — relevant to maintaining K levels during therapy.

PubMed ID: 9035467

Thiazide-induced hypokalemia and associated metabolic consequences underscore K's role in mineral/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 7828395

Direct evidence that oral K supplementation prevents hypokalaemia in a clinical setting—clear maintenance of mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 9824785

K–Mg–citrate corrected hypokalemia and affected magnesium and urinary citrate/pH—strong mineral-balance restoration evidence.

PubMed ID: 10401023

Direct RCT: K–Mg–citrate restored K and raised Mg and urine citrate/pH—strong mineral-balance support.

PubMed ID: 10423646

Dose-ranging K–Mg–citrate study with clear dose-dependent normalization of K and changes in Mg/urine—robust evidence.

PubMed ID: 10652038

Strong RCT evidence that K–Mg–citrate corrects K, raises Mg, and alters urine chemistry—direct mineral-balance benefit.

PubMed ID: 15190052

Combined vitamin/mineral supplementation increased serum K and lowered BP in type‑2 diabetics — shows effect on mineral status.

PubMed ID: 21815963

IV K+Mg corrected electrolytes pre-cardioversion improving clinical outcome (direct impact on electrolyte balance).

PubMed ID: 25012174

In Gitelman syndrome, interventions raised plasma K and affected renin/aldosterone—detailed mineral-balance manipulation.

PubMed ID: 27448942

KCl and KMgCit phases raised serum K; KMgCit raised serum Mg — demonstrates supplement formulation matters for mineral status.

PubMed ID: 37846572

KMgCit vs KCl produced larger rises in serum K and increased serum Mg and urinary citrate — direct evidence for influencing mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 39410716

Potassium supplementation increased serum K in diabetics and improved QoL; direct evidence of altering K status.

PubMed ID: 38196016

HNF1B mutation carriers had lower serum K and greater magnesium wasting — documents altered mineral homeostasis in disease context.

PubMed ID: 40590131

Quantifies hypokalemia risk and recommends K supplementation consideration — directly about maintaining K (a mineral) balance during diuresis.

PubMed ID: 2406601

Oral potassium chloride directly raised serum and urinary potassium concentrations — clear evidence of affecting potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 1689934

Hydrochlorothiazide caused measurable hypokalemia; addition of K-sparing drug preserved normal K — direct clinical evidence on K maintenance.

PubMed ID: 2404477

Dietary counseling produced a transient urinary K increase, demonstrating potential to modify mineral (K) balance via diet.

PubMed ID: 1706024

Urinary K correlates with intake — useful for assessing mineral balance in dietary studies.

PubMed ID: 2318517

High rates of diuretic-induced hypokalemia demonstrate perturbation of mineral balance and the need for potassium maintenance.

PubMed ID: 2258249

Chlorthalidone caused hypokalemia in some patients — demonstrates disturbance in mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 2284577

Combination therapy significantly reduced serum K and required supplementation — direct evidence about mineral balance maintenance.

PubMed ID: 2193840

Sustained‑release potassium in one regimen kept plasma potassium stable despite diuretics—strong support for mineral maintenance.

PubMed ID: 2238184

Dose-related potassium changes with thiazide therapy indicate clinically significant effects on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 2029014

Dietary sodium manipulation altered renal K excretion — evidence for diet-driven changes in potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 1929683

Hydrochlorothiazide produced significant K depletion at higher dose—relevant to maintaining mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 2031076

Thiazide caused dose-dependent serum K reductions, an important effect on mineral balance in antihypertensive therapy.

PubMed ID: 1936109

TPN study tracked total body potassium as a marker of mineral status during nutritional support.

PubMed ID: 1349028

Combination antihypertensive therapy tended to mitigate thiazide-related potassium disturbances—relevant to preserving mineral balance during BP treatment.

PubMed ID: 1306665

Indomethacin altered urinary potassium excretion—shows perturbation in mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 8385183

Large RCT documenting thiazide dose-related potassium drop and modification by ACE inhibitor — strong evidence about K balance.

PubMed ID: 8111802

Loop diuretic produced small but measurable decreases in serum K in CHF — mineral balance impact.

PubMed ID: 8362531

Positive potassium balance was a direct (secondary) finding—evidence for maintaining whole-body K+ stores.

PubMed ID: 7859051

Thiazide therapy in diabetics lowered serum K — direct effect on potassium mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 8147677

Well-powered study showing hydrochlorothiazide lowers serum K — clear effect on mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 7998586

HCTZ caused significant serum K drop in elderly hypertensives, illustrating clinical importance of maintaining mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 7520210

Chlorthalidone lowered serum K from 4.4 to 4.1 mEq/L—shows common clinical shifts in mineral balance with diuretics.

PubMed ID: 8006914

Quinapril attenuated thiazide-induced hypokalemia in combination therapy—demonstrates maintenance of serum K by pharmacologic means.

PubMed ID: 7850821

Combination antihypertensive trial reported fewer low-K reports vs diuretic alone — informative about preservation of mineral balance with certain regimens.

PubMed ID: 7795836

Direct KCl supplementation increased urinary K excretion and demonstrated dose-response with urinary K change — strong evidence for affecting mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 7762516

Method-comparison emphasizes TBK as a distinct measure of body potassium and its implications for FFM estimates.

PubMed ID: 8572850

Indapamide RCT reported rates of low serum potassium across formulations/doses — provides concrete data on mineral (K) disturbances.

PubMed ID: 8542050

ACE inhibitor reduced HCTZ-related potassium depletion—relevant to maintaining overall mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 8888663

Dose-related hyperkalemia with spironolactone shows clear disruption of mineral (K+) balance.

PubMed ID: 9546928

Interaction with potassium-losing diuretics leading to altered outcomes highlights clinical importance of maintaining mineral (K+) balance.

PubMed ID: 8888660

Clear, clinically relevant decrease in serum K after thiazide therapy (−0.5 mmol/L) — major implication for mineral balance and need for replacement.

PubMed ID: 8707361

Amphotericin B commonly causes falls in serum K (reported as toxicity) — demonstrates impact on mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 9106107

Higher K intake in kwashiorkor restored electrolyte/mineral status and reduced morbidity/mortality — direct clinical evidence.

PubMed ID: 9350881

Plantain ORS caused decreases in sodium and potassium in some children—direct evidence of mineral (electrolyte) shifts during rehydration.

PubMed ID: 9554680

Documented mean serum potassium decrease with chlorthalidone over 3 years — strong evidence about mineral (K) changes with therapy.

PubMed ID: 9822445

Salt-sensitive responses and Na/K context imply effects on mineral homeostasis (including potassium) with dietary sodium changes.

PubMed ID: 9737555

Na/K ratio change associated with BP lowering — directly relevant to maintaining potassium (mineral) balance relative to sodium.

PubMed ID: 9867443

GIK explicitly includes potassium as a mineral component of an interventional regimen used in acute myocardial infarction.

PubMed ID: 9856369

Indapamide SR markedly reduced incidence of low serum potassium compared with IR formulation — direct evidence on preserving mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 9645829

Diuretic therapy trial documents risk of hypokalemia and how it varies with renal function—key for mineral balance management.

PubMed ID: 10075387

Population urinary K/Na:K data directly reflect dietary K status and mineral balance differences across groups.

PubMed ID: 9974084

Total‑body potassium measures provide concrete data about whole‑body mineral (K) stores and their relation to body composition.

PubMed ID: 10393376

Documented drug-induced increases in serum potassium — important to mineral-balance maintenance.

PubMed ID: 10348763

Increased K requirements during amphotericin therapy indicate disturbed mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 10818057

Diuretic‑induced hypokalemia associated with worse outcomes underscores the clinical importance of maintaining mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 11207173

ORS containing potassium restored electrolytes without causing abnormalities—supports mineral (K+) restoration and maintenance.

PubMed ID: 11849419

Direct evidence of potassium removal differences in dialysis—clearly impacts systemic mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 12668699

Eplerenone increased rates of serious hyperkalemia—important clinical signal about disturbed mineral (K) balance with therapy.

PubMed ID: 14652358

Dietary intervention increased urinary K and decreased urinary Na—clear effect on mineral/electrolyte balance from increased K intake.

PubMed ID: 14584380

Milk Na/K ratio data reflect mineral (sodium/potassium) balance in lactation with implications for infant mineral status.

PubMed ID: 12580985

Raised serum potassium with higher enalapril exposure in renal failure highlights drug-induced shifts in mineral balance requiring monitoring.

PubMed ID: 14769716

Dietary potassium maintained serum potassium as effectively as supplements in patients on potassium-wasting diuretics — direct evidence for maintaining mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 15253732

Ramipril produced a small average serum potassium rise (+0.3 mmol/L) while improving proteinuria/BP—directly measured K change relevant to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 15492298

RAAS blockade trial highlighted hyperkalemia as a safety issue—important clinical signal about K balance.

PubMed ID: 15181844

Ventilation-induced CO2 changes caused acute plasma K shifts—illustrates how physiological changes affect mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 15925739

Study explicitly measured serum potassium and showed no increased hyperkalemia risk with treatment while lowering BP, informing mineral-balance safety.

PubMed ID: 16186434

DRSP/E2 increased incidence of elevated potassium while lowering BP—evidence of drug effect on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 16083996

Total body potassium measurements reflect whole‑body mineral (K) stores—used to monitor mineral balance in nutritional trials.

PubMed ID: 15761754

Higher ACE inhibitor exposure produced a clear rise in plasma potassium—direct demonstration of mineral (K) perturbation.

PubMed ID: 16749353

Dialysis study produced large serum K changes—directly demonstrates clinical mineral (K) balance perturbation.

PubMed ID: 15845718

Fluid choice perioperatively affected potassium levels — direct impact on mineral (electrolyte) balance.

PubMed ID: 16762939

Population intervention increased dietary potassium (and reduced sodium), altering mineral balance with measurable clinical benefits.

PubMed ID: 17163239

Co-administration of potassium chloride with thiazide preserved serum potassium, directly addressing mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 16931172

Kcanrenoate (antialdosterone) affects Na/K balance and showed clinical benefit in cirrhosis; relevant to mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 17035949

Spironolactone increased serum potassium while improving renal outcomes; clear effect on potassium homeostasis/mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 16624686

Community data highlighted hyperkalemia events and unsafe concurrent supplementing while on MRAs — important mineral balance safety message.

PubMed ID: 17181872

Increased water intake lowered urinary potassium excretion—important effect on mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 17172377

ORT better prevented hypokalemia than IV saline during amphotericin therapy—strong evidence for preserving mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 17224857

DRSP/E2 partially prevented thiazide‑induced potassium loss—direct evidence for maintaining potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 17906162

Demonstrated prevention of thiazide-induced potassium loss—direct evidence for maintaining mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 17495195

Total body potassium measurements during weight loss show meaningful shifts in whole-body potassium stores—strong evidence about mineral status.

PubMed ID: 17463217

Coadministration of drugs that could affect K resulted in no plasma K increase, providing evidence about preservation of serum K in that setting.

PubMed ID: 17692744

Drug increased sodium excretion while largely sparing K excretion, demonstrating effects on mineral handling and K preservation.

PubMed ID: 18468955

Oral potassium directly corrected hypokalemia in RA patients—clear evidence for restoring mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 18176291

Dietary changes produced measurable serum K decreases and required supplementation in some subjects, highlighting mineral balance vulnerability.

PubMed ID: 19029466

Torcetrapib-associated reduction in serum potassium indicates disturbance of mineral balance (clear drug-induced effect).

PubMed ID: 18341677

Measured urinary K excretion changes with tolevamer—shows effects on mineral (K) handling.

PubMed ID: 18611341

Trial demonstrates effective K repletion with markedly less fluid and safe correction—direct evidence for maintaining K mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 18579642

Population urinary K excretion data highlight differences in mineral handling and intake across groups.

PubMed ID: 19029469

Torcetrapib was associated with lower serum potassium, demonstrating clinically important disturbance of mineral (K+) balance linked to adverse vascular effects.

PubMed ID: 19462490

Population association between dietary K and lower BP supports the role of potassium in mineral/electrolyte homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 19178877

Potassium supplementation substantially changed plasma, urinary and fecal K and decreased muscle K content during hypokinesia — strong evidence of effects on potassium/mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 20007307

Controlled-diet study demonstrated meaningful differences in potassium excretion and retention—direct mineral-balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 19245300

Aliskiren/HCT combination reduced hypokalemia incidence relative to HCT alone—evidence relevant to mineral balance management.

PubMed ID: 19211712

ARB-induced hyperkalemia in renal disease directly shows clinically important mineral-balance disturbances.

PubMed ID: 20101007

DASH raised urinary potassium indicating altered mineral balance with beneficial cardiovascular effects.

PubMed ID: 20882268

Shows ARB therapy alters serum potassium distribution across patients and that K elevations have clinical consequences (mineral balance relevance).

PubMed ID: 20519561

DASH increased urinary potassium — evidence dietary pattern affects mineral (K) excretion and hormonal regulators.

PubMed ID: 19570764

Potassium-sparing agent use produced notable hyperkalaemia rates — key mineral-balance safety signal.

PubMed ID: 21158922

ACE inhibitor post-transplant data show potassium elevations and combined creatinine/potassium endpoints — directly relevant to mineral/balance disturbances.

PubMed ID: 20388647

Eplerenone trial protocol explicitly adjusts therapy according to serum potassium — central to mineral-balance management.

PubMed ID: 20447572

Association of spironolactone with impaired renal function in HF highlights risks to mineral (potassium) homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 21208974

RLY5016 specifically modulated serum potassium (a mineral) with clinically significant reductions in hyperkalaemia incidence — direct evidence for maintaining mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 22205355

Associations of serum and urine potassium with eGFR and disease stage in ADPKD indicate role of K in mineral homeostasis in kidney disease.

PubMed ID: 21419437

Correction of primary aldosteronism normalized mineralocorticoid status and removed the need for potassium supplementation.

PubMed ID: 22017794

MR antagonism produced marked changes in urinary Na+/K+ and aldosterone, demonstrating effects on mineral (Na/K) balance.

PubMed ID: 23157935

Controlled feeding trial directly measured 24‑hour urinary potassium and diet/sodium interactions — strong, direct evidence about potassium balance (mineral homeostasis).

PubMed ID: 22431578

Central observational evidence that deviations in serum K are linked to mortality/CV events — underlines the importance of maintaining mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 23121378

Aliskiren increased clinically important hyperkalaemia (11.2% vs 7.2%) in a large randomized trial — important safety evidence about mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 22584796

Hydrocortisone+fludrocortisone caused measurable shifts in Na and K, demonstrating pharmacologic control of mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 21950312

Spironolactone in CKD produced measurable potassium rises and hyperkalemia events—directly relevant to mineral balance/safety.

PubMed ID: 22475819

Estimated dietary potassium (part of NEAP) associated with kidney outcomes, supporting a role for potassium in mineral/acid–base homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 22418981

Na:K dietary ratios strongly correlated with mortality in dialysis patients — direct evidence of mineral (Na/K) balance importance.

PubMed ID: 22574560

PIRRT lowered serum K in AKI patients—shows active correction of mineral excess in critical care.

PubMed ID: 23713082

BAY 94‑8862 produced smaller K increases than spironolactone—relevant to preserving mineral (K) balance during therapy.

PubMed ID: 24048291

KCl supplementation altered RAAS and lowered BP — evidence K intake influences systemic mineral/homeostatic responses.

PubMed ID: 23760292

Impaired renal kallikrein response led to higher plasma K on high‑K diet—directly about mineral handling and balance.

PubMed ID: 23443441

Spironolactone caused a modest K rise and eGFR decrease—clinical demonstration that therapies alter mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 24176436

Salt-substitute protocol intends to increase dietary K+ (KCl) to alter Na+/K+ balance — directly relevant to mineral balance (protocol only).

PubMed ID: 23391635

Shows how blood collection technique can artifactually alter measured K+, important for assessing mineral balance accurately.

PubMed ID: 23915518

ACEI/ARB in stage‑3 CKD caused measurable rises in serum potassium and frequent hyperkalemia — direct evidence on potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 23486907

Spironolactone increased serum potassium modestly in diabetic nephropathy patients — relevant to K+ homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 24009294

Spironolactone added to ARB reduced proteinuria and BP but caused cases of hyperkalemia — clear impact on potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 24035170

Large real‑world cohort showed spironolactone use associated with a ~3.5‑fold increased risk of severe hyperkalemia — strong evidence about disturbed mineral (K+) balance in practice.

PubMed ID: 23349296

Na/K citrate contains potassium and directly affects serum/urinary electrolytes in patients undergoing contrast exposure.

PubMed ID: 25415807

Potassium binder (ZS‑9) powerfully changes serum potassium — direct, high-impact control of mineral (K) balance (for hyperkalemia).

PubMed ID: 25415805

Patiromer trial demonstrates robust, clinically meaningful correction of serum potassium — central to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 25406305

TOPCAT analysis documents regional differences in hyperkalemia risk with spironolactone — relevant to population mineral balance under mineralocorticoid antagonism.

PubMed ID: 24408116

Differential serum K between spironolactone and losartan groups highlights effects on mineral (K+) homeostasis in kidney disease patients.

PubMed ID: 24679880

Potassium citrate therapy provides supplemental potassium and modifies urinary mineral chemistry—supporting mineral balance in pediatric stone disease.

PubMed ID: 25673113

Dietary potassium supplementation changed potassium balance sufficiently to lower ambulatory BP, demonstrating measurable mineral handling effects.

PubMed ID: 26011677

ZS‑9 rapidly and durably normalized serum potassium in hyperkalaemic patients—direct effect on mineral (K+) balance.

PubMed ID: 26172895

Patiromer produced sustained reductions in serum potassium across doses over 52 weeks—strong evidence for maintaining potassium (a key mineral) within range.

PubMed ID: 26138259

Eplerenone increased hyperkalemia incidence in hemodialysis patients, strongly illustrating clinical perturbation of potassium/mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 26321012

DASH-food provision increased urinary potassium (biomarker), demonstrating measurable changes in mineral intake/excretion consistent with maintenance of mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 26027555

Isotonic maintenance IV fluids (including potassium chloride) substantially reduced hyponatremia vs hypotonic fluids — relevant for overall mineral/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 25651363

Clear randomized evidence that ZS-9 reduces serum potassium and urinary potassium excretion in hyperkalemic CKD patients — directly alters mineral (K+) balance.

PubMed ID: 26314308

ORS with potassium corrected hypokalemia in children, demonstrating restoration of mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 26657005

Salt-substitute intervention increased potassium intake population-wide — directly relevant to mineral balance at population level.

PubMed ID: 27413123

Direct evidence that dietary potassium from food is effectively absorbed and excreted, supporting maintenance of mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 27233381

24-h urine K used as a validated surrogate for intake in CKD cohort and related to mortality — supports clinical relevance of maintained K balance.

PubMed ID: 27935977

Salt-substitute raised urinary K at population level and altered sodium intake — strong evidence of shifting mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 27712772

TOHP 24‑h urine data show sodium and sodium:potassium ratio predict long‑term mortality—supports K's role in mineral balance and health.

PubMed ID: 28003041

CKD-focused trial measured serum potassium changes and showed the intervention modestly prevented a rise in serum K — direct mineral-balance data in a renal cohort.

PubMed ID: 27515930

Salt‑substitution program raised urinary K and reduced Na/K ratio—direct effect on mineral (Na/K) balance.

PubMed ID: 27350174

Patiromer directly changes serum K concentration in CKD—strong demonstration of altering mineral balance (K).

PubMed ID: 26719915

Diuretic (HCTZ) combination lowered serum potassium and slightly affected eGFR—illustrates clinical perturbation of mineral balance by drugs.

PubMed ID: 27868385

EMPHASIS-HF demonstrated clinical importance of potassium status (hypokalemia) for outcomes — underscores clinical relevance of maintaining mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 27176144

Documented high intra-individual variability in urinary K, relevant to assessing and maintaining mineral (K) balance accurately.

PubMed ID: 27413136

NHANES feasibility for 24-h urine collection produced population potassium excretion data useful for evaluating mineral balance at scale.

PubMed ID: 28192629

Randomized data showing co‑trimoxazole raised serum K and risk of hyperkalaemia — directly related to mineral (potassium) balance.

PubMed ID: 28151412

Extended hemodialysis changed serum potassium and phosphate—direct effects on mineral balance in renal patients.

PubMed ID: 28888762

Probiotics increased serum potassium in HD patients—demonstrates that interventions can shift mineral levels.

PubMed ID: 29198641

Self‑management intervention produced improvements in serum potassium (mineral balance) in HD patients.

PubMed ID: 28291262

Bumetanide induced hypokalemia dose‑dependently — a clear demonstration of disruption to mineral balance requiring correction.

PubMed ID: 28708096

Dietary study showing lower potassium intake in certain consumers—directly relevant to maintenance of mineral intake/balance.

PubMed ID: 28495809

Direct randomized evidence that enteral potassium replacement corrects serum potassium effectively—core to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 28814143

Aldosterone inhibitor increased serum potassium—clear impact on systemic K distribution and mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 28585859

Patiromer increases fecal K+ excretion and is used clinically to manage systemic potassium—direct effect on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 28303624

Eplerenone trial monitored serum potassium across subgroups—relevant to clinical mineral balance in HF therapy.

PubMed ID: 29019912

Spot urine Na/K ratio correlation informs estimation of sodium and potassium excretion and thus mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 28857461

LY3127760 decreased urinary K+ excretion notably—evidence of drug‑mediated shifts in potassium handling.

PubMed ID: 28425272

Transfusion-related serum potassium falls in dialysis patients highlight clinically important K+ shifts and mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 30175930

Adding azilsartan reduced chlorthalidone‑associated hypokalemia — demonstrates preservation of mineral (K+) balance.

PubMed ID: 29400576

High‑K salt substitute increases K+ intake and affects systemic mineral balance with BP benefits.

PubMed ID: 29753370

ARB+spironolactone produced significant rises in serum potassium (and hyperkalemia events) — clear mineral balance effect.

PubMed ID: 30103622

Patiromer actively lowers serum potassium and keeps K+ in target range — direct mineral balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 29497150

Direct oral potassium chloride supplementation trial evaluates changes in serum potassium and uric acid — mineral balance data.

PubMed ID: 29767459

Year‑long patiromer data showing maintenance of K+ homeostasis in patients on RAAS inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 29440005

Drugs that increase urinary K+ excretion and lower serum K+ provide strong evidence on mineral (K) handling.

PubMed ID: 29381789

Shows self‑report tools misestimate potassium intake — important for population mineral balance estimation.

PubMed ID: 29688582

Esaxerenone produced dose-dependent increases in serum potassium, demonstrating clinically relevant shifts in mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 29369537

Patiromer maintained serum potassium within target range in HF with CKD, showing clear effect on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 31201218

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate directly improved maintenance of predialysis potassium in ESRD—strong evidence for mineral (potassium) balance control.

PubMed ID: 31533906

Patiromer prevents hyperkalemia, enabling continuation of mineral-altering RAAS therapy—strong evidence for maintaining K+ mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 31791288

SZC produces rapid, substantial reductions in serum K+, directly restoring mineral (potassium) balance in hyperkalemia.

PubMed ID: 31599043

Patiromer lowered serum K+ within 2 hours in ED hyperkalemia patients—supports short-term mineral balance correction.

PubMed ID: 31058457

Study directly demonstrated improvement in 24‑h urinary Na/K ratio via self‑monitoring—evidence of mineral balance improvement.

PubMed ID: 33239409

Esaxerenone reduced albuminuria but increased K events — relevant to mineral balance management.

PubMed ID: 31944628

SZC alters serum potassium substantially — directly impacts mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 32135136

Spironolactone increased hyperkalemia incidence in diabetes cohort — clear implication for mineral (K) balance and monitoring.

PubMed ID: 32354280

Eplerenone (K‑sparing MR antagonist) influences K retention and broader mineral handling post‑MI.

PubMed ID: 32151220

GIK explicitly includes potassium infusion and altered electrolyte/mineral parameters—direct maintenance of mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 32452128

Spironolactone dosing decisions were influenced by serum potassium, indicating impact on mineral balance in HF patients.

PubMed ID: 32820619

Apararenone altered urinary Na+/K+ excretion (Na+/K+ ratio) in dose‑dependent fashion — demonstrates influences on mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 32066973

Salt substitute increased urinary K excretion (documented) and shifted dietary Na/K balance, relevant to mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 32779057

SZC rapidly lowered serum K and restored normokalemia — direct mineral‑balance therapy for hyperkalemia.

PubMed ID: 32452085

Patiromer improved potassium control and reduced hyperkalemia incidence — direct evidence of maintaining mineral (K) balance in CKD/HF.

PubMed ID: 34459569

Large salt‑substitute RCT changed population Na/K intake and achieved major CV benefits while not substantially increasing serious hyperkalemia.

PubMed ID: 34684498

Dietary K intervention increased K excretion and changed Na/K ratio — evidence of mineral balance alteration.

PubMed ID: 33782684

Salt substitute increased urinary K and altered Na:K ratio — direct effect on mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 38318690

Senna glycoside modestly lowered predialysis serum K in HD patients — affects potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 34686091

IV protocol achieved faster normalization and lower total K dose — direct clinical maintenance of potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 35369022

Patiromer actively controls serum K enabling RAAS therapy — directly maintains K mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 34674667

Sodium bicarbonate reduced inter‑dialytic K gain and hyperkalaemia frequency — contributes to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 34423370

Reduced hyperkalaemia events and lower need for potassium binders demonstrate preserved K balance in CKD patients.

PubMed ID: 33377565

App‑based dietary management in HD patients lowered serum K — practical maintenance of mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 34786651

Finerenone caused measurable serum potassium increases and hyperkalemia incidence — central to mineral balance in CKD/T2D.

PubMed ID: 33421456

Hemodialysis dietary program targeted potassium intake reporting reductions — direct mineral balance management.

PubMed ID: 35900838

Patiromer directly modifies serum potassium and reduces hyperkalaemia—strong maintenance of mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 36266539

Baxdrostat suppressed aldosterone and caused modest K increases—relevant to mineral (Na/K) balance regulation by the RAAS.

PubMed ID: 35896277

Large trial data on ACE-inhibitors tracked short-term K changes and showed clinical implications for mineral homeostasis during therapy.

PubMed ID: 36261757

Potassium–sodium–hydrogen citrate changed urinary chemistry and systemic acid–base, impacting mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 35135481

SZC directly and substantially adjusted serum potassium to target ranges in dialysis patients — strong mineral‑balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 35199478

SGLT2 inhibitor co‑administration markedly reduced MRB‑associated potassium elevations — supports maintenance of serum K homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 36067089

Quantified substantial potassium losses with chlorthalidone and HCTZ — important evidence about perturbation of mineral balance by common drugs.

PubMed ID: 35982101

Large serum K decreases under CRRT demonstrate active manipulation of mineral balance in critical care settings.

PubMed ID: 35247964

CKD dietary/spironolactone study tracked serum K and occasional transient hyperkalaemia — relevant to maintaining safe mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 35311346

Salt substitute trial intentionally replaced Na with K at population level — central evidence of changing mineral balance with clinical effects.

PubMed ID: 35983513

Hypokalemia is a diagnostic marker in the prediction model for primary aldosteronism — underscores clinical importance of K balance.

PubMed ID: 38109916

Aldosterone synthase inhibitor altered K (hyperkalaemia rates) alongside renal endpoints — demonstrates mineral balance perturbation.

PubMed ID: 37055566

KCl salt replacement altered mineral (Na/K) intake and raised serum K — strong evidence for changing mineral balance in a population.

PubMed ID: 38037539

Finerenone modeling shows how dose/exposure affects serum potassium and kidney outcomes — mineral-balance relevance.

PubMed ID: 36916985

Spironolactone changed potassium handling in CKD patients — relevant to mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 37386428

Hemodialysis diet/fl uid-adherence program altered serum K and other labs — direct mineral-balance evidence in a renal population.

PubMed ID: 38026295

Intervention increased urinary K and is explicitly about dietary mineral balance and its BP effects.

PubMed ID: 37385905

SZC maintained predialysis K within desired ranges in hemodialysis patients—important for mineral homeostasis in renal care.

PubMed ID: 37313750

Peritoneal dialysis study demonstrated more effective potassium removal with combined modality, impacting mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 37488299

24‑h urine potassium and hypokalemia history were strong predictors in a diagnostic model — emphasizes K+ as a key mineral parameter.

PubMed ID: 39215972

Direct trial of potassium supplementation thresholds demonstrating clinically acceptable outcomes and resource savings — central to strategies maintaining mineral (K+) balance.

PubMed ID: 39566872

SZC maintained normokalemia in HF patients and reduced hyperkalemia risk, strongly supporting mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 39152532

Aldosterone synthase inhibitor produced dose-related rises in serum potassium — important evidence of how interventions shift K balance.

PubMed ID: 39340493

Patiromer lowered serum K and supported medication optimization—clear impact on K mineral homeostasis in HF patients.

PubMed ID: 38794657

Measured 24‑h urinary potassium demonstrated meaningful variation in dietary potassium exposure — direct measure of mineral intake/status.

PubMed ID: 38497241

Aldosterone synthase inhibitor suppressed aldosterone and impacted albuminuria but caused hyperkalaemia—shows strong link between intervention and K balance (adverse).

PubMed ID: 39112102

SZC effectively lowered and maintained serum potassium in hyperkalaemia—strong evidence for controlling K mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 38872014

Oral potassium citrate intervention modified urinary chemistry and markers of renal oxidative stress — supports K-related mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 39159624

Patiromer substantially reduced hyperkalemia events and helped patients stay on RAASi/MRA therapy — direct, strong evidence for K mineral balance maintenance.

PubMed ID: 39468380

Stopping spironolactone reduced serum K—demonstrates how therapeutics influence mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 39580768

Patiromer actively binds K and normalizes serum potassium long‑term—strong evidence for maintaining systemic mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 38402353

K‑enriched salt increased K excretion and intake at a population level—supports maintenance of K mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 39239801

Higher serum potassium associated with diuretic resistance and worse kidney function — links K status to clinical states altering mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 39219444

ROMK inhibitor altered renal K handling and led to natriuresis/diuresis — directly modifies mineral/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 38743423

Large randomized diuretic comparison documented substantially higher hypokalemia with chlorthalidone — direct mineral (K) balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 40888730

Baxdrostat caused dose‑dependent hyperkalemia; important mineral balance safety signal.

PubMed ID: 40879429

Intervention raised plasma potassium to high‑normal targets — direct mineral balance manipulation with clinical benefits.

PubMed ID: 40738559

Drug addition meaningfully increased serum potassium — shows medication‑driven shifts in mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 40214261

ICT increased estimated 24‑h urinary K excretion — demonstrates change in mineral intake/excretion.

PubMed ID: 39976633

Patiromer maintained serum potassium within normal range compared with placebo — direct mineral balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 39380152

Finerenone analyses showed substantial reductions in hypokalemia incidence — important for mineral homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 40681108

Demonstrated how cooking alters food potassium content — practical method to manage mineral intake.

PubMed ID: 41263071

Potassium‑enriched salt increased K exposure and altered urinary Na/K — dietary mineral balance evidence.

PubMed ID: 40329202

SZC normalized serum potassium faster than SPS — strong evidence for restoring mineral balance in hyperkalemic dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 40264179

Population-level substitution with KCl altered mineral exposure (K↑, Na↓)—relevant to mineral balance at scale.

PubMed ID: 40148710

Five‑year salt substitution trial influenced population mineral intake profiles (K/Na) and BP outcomes.

PubMed ID: 41039732

Analysis emphasized how baseline potassium and kidney function impact outcomes and hyperkalaemia risk—central to mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 40077649

Plant-based diet increased dietary K without raising serum K in CKD—indicates safer mineral repletion.

PubMed ID: 40607983

Patiromer used to control K and permit RAASi optimization—explicit strategy to maintain mineral/electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 40024602

Hemodialysis dietary program changed serum potassium significantly—direct demonstration of dietary impact on mineral status in dialysis.

PubMed ID: 41185428

Direct dialysate potassium manipulation produced reliable changes in serum K—strong evidence for maintaining/minimizing mineral imbalance in dialysis.

PubMed ID: 41391159

Spironolactone in CKD affected UACR and produced small K changes — relevant to mineral/electrolyte balance in kidney disease.

PubMed ID: 40647256

Education increased potassium intake and lowered urine Na/K ratio — demonstrated effect on mineral (Na/K) balance.

PubMed ID: 17460608

Genetic differences in renal transporters change diuretic responses and influence mineral/K balance.

PubMed ID: 19589901

Different amphotericin dosing led to fewer hypokalaemia days—direct clinical impact on K balance.

PubMed ID: 40258348

Observed serum K changes in dialysis patients are directly relevant to maintaining appropriate mineral levels.

PubMed ID: 2365214

Bowel prep produced a measurable reduction in serum K, directly informing mineral balance during GI prep.

PubMed ID: 11527126

Chlorthalidone caused significant hypokalemia, indicating diuretic-induced shifts in mineral/potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 1845926

Large documented perioperative potassium fall and prevention by beta‑blockade illustrate clinically important mineral (K+) balance shifts.

PubMed ID: 2064494

Dietary interventions included potassium changes affecting overall mineral/electrolyte balance as part of lifestyle modifications.

PubMed ID: 8454808

Randomized dietary change produced measurable increases in potassium intake and urinary excretion—strong evidence that potassium intake alters mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 8033771

Thiazide diuretics caused significant potassium depletion in hypertensive patients—clinically relevant to mineral balance maintenance.

PubMed ID: 7826557

Dietary intervention directly changed urinary K excretion, reflecting dietary influence on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 8039040

Large, rapid plasma K changes in renal patients illustrate clinical mineral-balance perturbations and the need for management.

PubMed ID: 7526050

Large study documenting hyperkalaemia events and monitoring needs when combining potassium-sparing diuretics with ACE inhibitors—directly about K mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 7669481

Reported potassium lowering with hydrochlorothiazide as part of antihypertensive therapy, indicating mineral balance impacts.

PubMed ID: 8903817

Sodium phosphate bowel prep caused significant drops in potassium and ionized calcium—clear mineral-balance perturbation.

PubMed ID: 8672752

Sodium phosphate produced a measurable K lowering vs PEG—relevant to mineral homeostasis during prep.

PubMed ID: 9487416

Multiple therapies to acutely lower potassium in renal failure show direct interventions on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 9208337

Long-term antihypertensive regimens produced decreases in serum potassium—important for mineral balance monitoring.

PubMed ID: 9675624

Thiazide diuretic produced a modest decrease in serum potassium — clinical example of mineral balance perturbation.

PubMed ID: 10881066

Bowel prep caused changes in serum phosphate, sodium and potassium — demonstrates impacts on mineral balance during clinical interventions.

PubMed ID: 11134566

Direct and large removal of potassium from stored RBCs and quantification of mEq removed — direct evidence on mineral content control.

PubMed ID: 11829098

Formoterol and terbutaline both lowered serum K+, terbutaline more so — quantitative evidence of mineral shifts.

PubMed ID: 11275616

Oral sodium‑phosphate caused measurable electrolyte changes including decreased potassium and increased phosphate — demonstrates mineral balance perturbation.

PubMed ID: 11880014

Clonidine prevented preoperative hypokalemia and increased serum K, directly relevant to preserving mineral (K) balance.

PubMed ID: 12678340

Elderly patients had modest potassium decreases after sodium-phosphate prep — demonstrates mineral-balance impact.

PubMed ID: 15933926

Sodium-phosphate bowel prep produced measurable changes in serum potassium and phosphate — evidence about mineral-balance disturbance.

PubMed ID: 15720047

Urinary potassium differences between settings gave a quantitative view of mineral (K+) intake/excretion differences.

PubMed ID: 17161766

HCT in a large trial reduced serum K—clear signal about medication effects on mineral balance.

PubMed ID: 31492103

Glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) infusion preserved/improved early left-ventricular function after aortic valve surgery; potassium included as active component in a clinically relevant cardiac intervention.

PubMed ID: 30788810

Preoperative GIK infusion (includes potassium) markedly preserved/increased intraoperative LV function and reduced need for inotropes—direct cardiac functional benefit in RCT.

PubMed ID: 31986288

IV KCl infusion subgroup with rapid/higher K+ rise showed markedly higher conversion to sinus rhythm—evidence that K+ levels influence cardiac rhythm regulation.

PubMed ID: 31533906

By lowering K+ and allowing spironolactone continuation, patiromer supports guideline-directed heart failure therapy indirectly benefiting heart function.

PubMed ID: 31791288

SZC rapidly normalized high K+, which is critical to prevent K+-mediated arrhythmias and regulate cardiac electrophysiology.

PubMed ID: 30893577

Early IV potassium canrenoate (an MRA salt) plus oral MRA was associated with less adverse LV remodelling after MI—direct cardiac functional outcome.

PubMed ID: 31944628

SZC rapidly normalizes serum K in hyperkalemia, reducing arrhythmia risk and helping regulate cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 32149451

SZC added to insulin/glucose improved early K lowering in emergency setting — relevant to acute cardiac safety.

PubMed ID: 33054727

Ultrafiltration in ADHF produced larger BNP reductions and volume loss — important for heart failure management; K was stable.

PubMed ID: 32354280

Eplerenone post‑MI reduced adverse outcomes and altered diuretic needs — relevant to cardiac care; K‑sparing effects require monitoring.

PubMed ID: 32151220

Perioperative GIK (contains potassium) significantly reduced major adverse cardiac events — strong heart benefit.

PubMed ID: 32129101

GIK infusion (includes K) improved hemodynamics and lowered mortality in aluminum phosphide poisoning — shows K‑containing therapy can acutely support cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 32779057

Rapid achievement of normokalemia with SZC reduces arrhythmogenic risk in hyperkalemic patients — direct relevance to cardiac rhythm stability.

PubMed ID: 32452085

By reducing hyperkalemia, patiromer permitted continued spironolactone use in CKD/HF patients — facilitating guideline HF therapy that supports cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 34459569

Salt‑substitute trial reduced MACE and deaths — population‑level cardiovascular benefit plausibly mediated in part via increased K intake and BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 34686091

Dynamic IV potassium protocol in elderly heart‑failure patients normalized K faster—relevant for cardiac safety/function.

PubMed ID: 40258348

Study in dialysis patients showed K lowering with moxibustion+PD—important for cardiac risk in renal patients.

PubMed ID: 2024567

Adrenaline in local anesthetic caused an average arterial K+ fall ≈0.3 mmol/L — a measurable effect on a parameter important to cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 1845926

Large perioperative study found marked pre‑induction potassium falls mediated by beta‑2 receptors — clinically relevant to cardiac safety during anesthesia.

PubMed ID: 8039040

Large acute K decreases in renal patients are clinically relevant to arrhythmia risk and cardiac monitoring.

PubMed ID: 7846939

AF trial deliberately maintained high‑normal K to minimize pro‑arrhythmic risk — direct clinical linkage between K levels and rhythm stability.

PubMed ID: 7475043

Almokalant (K+ channel blocker) dose-dependently increased termination of arrhythmias—demonstrates K+ current importance in rhythm control.

PubMed ID: 8691967

Large randomized trial where a potassium-channel blocker increased arrhythmic deaths—strong evidence potassium-channel/level impacts rhythm.

PubMed ID: 9487416

Effective treatments for hyperkalemia in renal failure are clinically important to protect cardiac function from high K+.

PubMed ID: 9186877

Rapid, marked plasma K decreases with ritodrine/terbutaline linked to arrhythmias—strongly implicates K+ in heartbeat regulation.

PubMed ID: 9675959

Carvedilol reduced ventricular arrhythmias in dialysis patients; K handling discussed as mechanism — moderate-strong cardiac relevance.

PubMed ID: 9616507

Comparative inhaler study documented a larger drop in serum potassium with one device and reports of lung/FEV1 changes; shows potassium shifts that can affect cardiac function risk.

PubMed ID: 10839470

Ethnic differences in potassium responses to propranolol during exercise imply K changes can influence cardiovascular responses.

PubMed ID: 11742271

Bronchodilators in children caused modest K+ drops (−0.3 to −0.6 mEq/L) — relevant to arrhythmic risk via K+ changes.

PubMed ID: 11737740

Standard‑dose nebulized albuterol markedly increased QT dispersion (electrical instability) despite stable potassium — strong cardiac electrophysiology finding.

PubMed ID: 11440787

HTK cardioplegia reduced postoperative arrhythmias and inotrope needs — cardiac protection though potassium specifics not reported.

PubMed ID: 12771874

Study compared potassium cardioplegia vs esmolol; potassium-containing solution associated with higher myocardial O2 consumption and NO release — directly relevant to cardiac effects of K.

PubMed ID: 15791442

K-ATP channel opener nicorandil improved cardiac sympathetic markers and remodeling—relevant to K-channel physiology and heart function.

PubMed ID: 16820580

GIK (contains K) improved early hemodynamics and reduced troponin after CABG—implicates K-containing therapy in supporting acute cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 18987127

Study of antiarrhythmic strategy changed cardioversion rates and QTc; although not directly measuring potassium, it informs cardiac electrophysiology context.

PubMed ID: 20012785

Racemic salbutamol caused significant hypokalemia and tachycardia in children—illustrates how K changes influence cardiac electrophysiology and rhythm.

PubMed ID: 22070095

In a large hypertensive cohort adjustment for serum potassium attenuated the alcohol–AF association, implicating K in atrial rhythm regulation.

PubMed ID: 22243363

Large treated‑hypertensive cohort: lower serum K associated with greater ECG evidence of LVH, implicating potassium status in cardiac structure/function.

PubMed ID: 23093587

Population link between Na/K ratio and BP has downstream relevance to cardiac load and function.

PubMed ID: 29448828

Hyperkalemic cardioplegia strategies (terminal warm blood solution) reduced postoperative arrhythmias—direct demonstration that high‑K solutions regulate cardiac electrical activity during surgery.

PubMed ID: 31310464

HTK vs hyperkalemic blood cardioplegia comparisons show K‑based strategies arrest and protect the heart—directly relevant to electrical/functional regulation.

PubMed ID: 39730296

Del Nido vs Buckberg in prolonged cross‑clamp surgery showed differences in postoperative atrial fibrillation and troponin in subgroups — indicates potassium‑containing cardioplegia influences postoperative arrhythmia outcomes (contextual).

PubMed ID: 40065513

Del Nido cardioplegia (potassium‑containing) was associated with substantially higher rates of spontaneous rhythm and lower VF after cross‑clamp removal — strong perioperative evidence that potassium‑containing cardioplegia affects cardiac rhythm restoration.

PubMed ID: 24875671

Higher‑K dietary intervention improved flow‑mediated dilation (endothelial function) and reduced E‑selectin, supporting vascular/heart health mechanisms.

PubMed ID: 1735983

High‑potassium preservation solution for donor hearts improved rhythm recovery and enzyme markers — supports myocardial protection/heart function in transplantation context.

PubMed ID: 7787408

GIK infusion (containing potassium) produced substantial, significant improvements in cardiac index and stroke work in CABG patients — direct benefit to cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 8738859

Large randomized trial: early potassium or magnesium infusion in suspected AMI associated with fewer cardiac events and deaths over 2 years — strong clinical cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 17043614

Potassium‑magnesium aspartate cardioplegia shortened arrest time, improved return to rhythm and reduced AF and troponin — strong direct cardiac benefit from a potassium‑containing formulation.

PubMed ID: 17996133

Potassium–magnesium aspartate improved oxidative stress markers and dramatically reduced premature beats in coronary disease patients — directly supports heart rhythm/function.

PubMed ID: 9663539

Hyperkalaemic reperfusion preserved myocardial ATP and reduced metabolic derangement after cross‑clamp release.

PubMed ID: 10075141

Nicorandil reduced silent ischemia and arrhythmias in unstable angina — direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 10077377

Blood cardioplegia preserved myocardial energy stores and improved rhythm/functional recovery after surgery.

PubMed ID: 10080465

IV nicorandil around PCI reduced no-reflow, heart failure, arrhythmias and improved regional LV function.

PubMed ID: 10958273

Nicorandil improved recovery of myocardial fatty acid utilization and LV function after PTCA.

PubMed ID: 11573520

Perioperative nicorandil markedly reduced intraoperative ischemia in a large randomized trial.

PubMed ID: 12173840

In children undergoing VSD repair, blood cardioplegia caused less ATP loss and substantially lower troponin release than crystalloid.

PubMed ID: 12423711

Glyburide (KATP blocker) markedly increased QT intervals and dispersion — indicates KATP modulation affects repolarization/arrhythmic risk (negative effect).

PubMed ID: 11804989

Ischemic preconditioning reduced ischemic markers during angioplasty; nicorandil restored protection in elderly patients.

PubMed ID: 12499617

Intracoronary nicorandil markedly reduced no‑reflow/slow‑flow during atherectomy vs verapamil.

PubMed ID: 12030342

IV nicorandil reduced QT dispersion and ventricular ectopy during angioplasty versus placebo.

PubMed ID: 11869855

Estrogen produced cardioprotection that was KATP‑dependent — implicates KATP biology in myocardial protection.

PubMed ID: 14635368

Levosimendan (KATP‑modulating inotrope) improved hemodynamics and reduced mortality in severe heart failure.

PubMed ID: 12765455

Observational study of sulfonylureas (KATP blockers) associated with fewer ventricular arrhythmias in decompensated HF — implicates KATP/ K+ channel physiology relevant to cardiac electrical stability (drug effect, not K supplement).

PubMed ID: 16116055

Large randomized nicorandil study showed reduced long‑term cardiac events and better post‑MI perfusion—strong cardiac benefit (drug mechanism, indirect for K supplementation).

PubMed ID: 17873142

Long‑term nicorandil improved cardiac sympathetic imaging and remodeling after first MI — direct improvement in measures of cardiac function/remodeling.

PubMed ID: 15733070

High‑dose glucose‑insulin‑potassium (GIK) in AMI altered apoptosis marker sFas, suggesting myocardial protective effects (but confounded by glucose/insulin).

PubMed ID: 16080838

Related GIK report with decreased sFas at 14 days — supports possible myocardial cellular benefit from GIK regimen containing K.

PubMed ID: 29559724

Dietary increases in urinary potassium associated with greater BP reduction—BP control supports cardiovascular health; evidence is associative.

PubMed ID: 11044229

Crossover in reduced‑GFR patients showed ACE inhibitor raised serum potassium more than valsartan in low‑GFR subgroup—serum K changes directly influence cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia risk (safety implication).

PubMed ID: 27842179

PARADIGM-HF subanalysis: sacubitril/valsartan associated with fewer severe hyperkalaemia events vs enalapril — important for cardiac patients.

PubMed ID: 32809261

Large HF trial tracked K and showed fewer high‑K occasions with sacubitril–valsartan, directly pertinent to cardiac safety/function.

PubMed ID: 33609066

Large analysis found both low and high K linked to worse cardiovascular outcomes in HFpEF — strongly relevant to heart function.

PubMed ID: 2095163

IV potassium (with/without magnesium) after acute MI reduced complications and raised serum K — direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 2364920

Dietary increase in serum potassium (≈+0.86 mEq/L) is clinically relevant to cardiac repolarization and rhythm stability.

PubMed ID: 9095079

Dietary potassium inversely associated with BP, which benefits cardiac workload and heart health — observational support.

PubMed ID: 9754465

Acetate hemodialysis caused a large acute reduction in serum potassium (−32%), an effect that is highly relevant to cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia risk.

PubMed ID: 10559813

Potassium‑containing intracoronary flushes markedly reduced QTc/T‑wave repolarization abnormalities vs saline—strong effect on cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 10994765

BP reductions from potassium‑enriched milk support cardiovascular function indirectly (dietary K intervention with measurable cardiovascular effect).

PubMed ID: 14972007

Clinical documentation that bowel prep methods can cause hypokalemia — an arrhythmia/heart‑function risk factor; supports importance of maintaining K.

PubMed ID: 17059993

Higher urine sodium–potassium ratio independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk—implicates potassium balance in heart health.

PubMed ID: 19661927

Potassium‑containing salt substitute lowered BP in families, reducing cardiovascular risk burden.

PubMed ID: 19626043

DASH fruits/vegetables diet (higher K) improved vascular function and BP—supportive of heart health.

PubMed ID: 19661926

Salt substitute lowered BP in community trial, a change that benefits cardiovascular risk and heart function indirectly.

PubMed ID: 20083724

Potassium salts improved endothelial function and arterial compliance—direct cardiovascular benefits relevant to heart function.

PubMed ID: 20807467

BP lowering from a high‑K diet can reduce cardiac workload and risk; study directly shows BP effects.

PubMed ID: 24585900

Adding potassium to cardioplegia shortened reperfusion time and lowered CK‑MB after aortic valve surgery — direct myocardial protection signal.

PubMed ID: 28975821

Normokalemic long‑acting cardioplegia provided similar myocardial protection with lower IL‑6 — potassium level was a component of the formulation.

PubMed ID: 30109784

Potassium binder reduced ECG peaked T-waves frequency in dialysis patients—demonstrates effect on cardiac electrical manifestations of K.

PubMed ID: 30701736

Nicorandil (K+ channel opener) before PCI reduced peri‑procedural biomarker release—supports myocardial protection via K‑channel physiology.

PubMed ID: 31637733

Drug-induced K+ channel (hERG) blockade study—mechanistic cardiac electrophysiology with strong relevance to K+ channel physiology.

PubMed ID: 34414606

Perioperative forced diuresis required more K replacement but reduced AKI risk — important for perioperative cardiac patient management.

PubMed ID: 39490411

In dialysis patients better serum K control with higher dialysate K + SZC markedly reduced AF and other arrhythmias — strong heart-function evidence.

PubMed ID: 39969301

SZC prevented large postoperative rises in serum potassium in dialysis patients, directly reducing arrhythmia/hyperkalemia cardiac risk.

PubMed ID: 40366680

BP lowering in resistant hypertension has cardiovascular implications; amiloride's effect informs heart-related therapy (potassium-sparing considerations).

PubMed ID: 40768812

Atrial‑selective potassium channel modulation prolonged atrial ERP — mechanistic evidence relevant to heartbeat regulation.

PubMed ID: 30509185

Micronutrient tablet (including K) associated with reduced left‑ventricular mass index — structural cardiac benefit linked to the intervention.

PubMed ID: 11136485

Potassium canrenoate after MI reduced collagen synthesis and limited LV enlargement (improved post‑MI remodeling; drug effect via K‑sparing aldosterone antagonism).

PubMed ID: 17921831

Spironolactone produced large reductions in ventricular extrasystoles (~75%) and QT shortening—strong effect on cardiac rhythm stability.

PubMed ID: 8305657

Blood cardioplegia (potassium‑containing) produced more spontaneous return of sinus rhythm vs crystalloid; directly relevant to regulation of cardiac rhythm in surgery.

PubMed ID: 7495583

Higher administered K associated with much higher spontaneous sinus rhythm recovery — direct electrophysiologic/arrhythmia relevance.

PubMed ID: 8793675

Warm BCP raised serum potassium intraoperatively — these K shifts directly influence cardiac conduction and excitability.

PubMed ID: 14757687

GIK in STEMI blunted inflammation and fibrinolytic changes; potassium was part of regimen and results are cardiac‑relevant.

PubMed ID: 15118290

Minimally‑diluted blood cardioplegia with added K/Mg improved arrest, reduced AF and lowered CK‑MB — direct, strong cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 15932638

Large GIK trial (includes K) reduced proportion with severe LV dysfunction after MI — composite intervention but outcome relevant to heart function.

PubMed ID: 15758880

Duplicate of 15118290 — same strong evidence for K/Mg cardioplegia benefits.

PubMed ID: 16926119

Mini‑BCP with potassium/magnesium improved postoperative recovery, lower AF, lower CK‑MB and better LVEF in hypertrophied hearts—direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 19683936

Adjunct adenosine to high‑K cardioplegia lowered cardiac injury/inflammation markers—relevant to myocardial protection in K‑containing solutions.

PubMed ID: 22964356

Replacing supranormal K+ in cardioplegia with adenosine reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation—demonstrates potassium's role in arrhythmogenesis.

PubMed ID: 22986417

Perioperative GIK (including potassium) reduced myocardial injury markers in urgent off‑pump CABG—direct cardioprotective evidence.

PubMed ID: 30158392

Cardioplegia solutions (potassium-rich) used in CABG—study reports myocardial injury/oxidative markers in context of K-containing cardioplegia (direct cardiac context).

PubMed ID: 36342143

Baxdrostat produced large BP reductions (cardiovascular effect) and occasional marked potassium rises that are relevant to cardiac safety.

PubMed ID: 35900838

Patiromer lowered hyperkalaemia risk and helped maintain RAAS/MRA therapy, important for cardiac patients' outcomes and safety.

PubMed ID: 35896277

Large ACE-inhibitor dataset documented short-term potassium rises and cardiovascular outcomes; potassium changes can affect arrhythmia risk.

PubMed ID: 36067089

Thiazide‑induced hypokalemia demonstrated — low K affects cardiac repolarization and can predispose to arrhythmias (evidence of risk).

PubMed ID: 35982101

Ultrasound‑guided CRRT produced faster heart‑failure improvement (NT‑proBNP fall) while notably changing serum K+ — links K management with heart failure outcomes.

PubMed ID: 35311346

Population trial of K‑enriched salt reduced stroke (cardiovascular outcome) and likely improved cardiovascular risk — substantial relevance to heart health.

PubMed ID: 36271257

Direct intervention using KCl to induce fetal cardiac asystole demonstrates potent and immediate effects of potassium on cardiac electrical activity (strong mechanistic link).

PubMed ID: 37055566

Salt‑substitute trial lowered BP and CV events, implying improved population-level cardiac outcomes associated with increased dietary K.

PubMed ID: 38092897

K(Ca)2 inhibitor cardioverted AF—mechanistic relation to cardiac K channels and rhythm (drug study, not dietary K).

PubMed ID: 37470856

Randomized intervention raising blood K to high‑normal improved echocardiographic systolic and diastolic indices—direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 37385905

By maintaining predialysis K in dialysis patients, SZC addresses a major modifiable determinant of arrhythmic risk.

PubMed ID: 37370197

Eplerenone impacts potassium homeostasis and reduced HF events quickly — relevant to cardiac function though not a potassium-supplement trial.

PubMed ID: 39215972

Large RCT directly testing potassium supplementation thresholds after CABG and showing noninferior AF rates — directly addresses K+ management and cardiac rhythm.

PubMed ID: 39566872

SZC prevented hyperkalemia and allowed patients to remain on guideline spironolactone doses — directly relevant to optimizing heart-failure therapy.

PubMed ID: 39340493

Patiromer reduced serum K and enabled maintenance of RAASi in HF patients—indirect but clinically important support of heart therapy and function.

PubMed ID: 39112102

SZC reduced recurrent hyperkalaemia, a key arrhythmia risk factor—strong indirect evidence for promoting cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 39159624

Patiromer lowered serum K+, reduced hyperkalemia events, and helped maintain RAASi/MRA dosing in heart-failure patients — important for heart function.

PubMed ID: 39580768

Patiromer lowers serum K and allowed continuation of RAAS inhibitors—clinically important for preserving guideline heart failure therapy and reducing hyperkalemia risk.

PubMed ID: 38402353

K‑enriched salt increased urinary K and modestly lowered BP—expected to benefit cardiac function and reduce CV risk.

PubMed ID: 38465623

Potassium‑enriched salt trial in high‑risk adults reduced acute coronary events and arrhythmias—direct cardiac outcome benefits linked to increased K intake.

PubMed ID: 40879429

Randomized trial intentionally raised plasma K into high‑normal range and substantially reduced ventricular arrhythmias/hospitalisations/death.

PubMed ID: 39908026

Salt substitute lowered BP and reduced stroke/death — cardiovascular benefit related to potassium enrichment.

PubMed ID: 40738559

Adding spironolactone raised K and reduced NT‑proBNP (heart‑failure biomarker) — indicates interaction between K changes and heart biomarkers.

PubMed ID: 39976633

Patiromer maintained normokalemia and enabled RAAS inhibitor continuation — supports heart failure/heart protection indirectly.

PubMed ID: 39380152

Finerenone program showed CV outcome benefit and potassium management — supportive evidence linking K handling and cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 40884202

Clear large study: lower plasma K strongly associated with higher odds of atrial fibrillation — direct link between K levels and arrhythmia risk.

PubMed ID: 40329202

Rapid correction of hyperkalemia in dialysis patients with SZC preserves cardiac safety by normalizing serum K — direct clinical relevance.

PubMed ID: 40264179

Potassium-enriched salt substitute trial reduced blood pressure and previously observed CV events—supportive of cardiac benefit from increased dietary K.

PubMed ID: 40148710

Long‑term cluster RCT of K-rich salt substitute lowered cumulative BP—cardioprotective implications.

PubMed ID: 41039732

Large HF dataset showed baseline potassium influenced event risk and interaction with therapies—directly relevant to cardiac outcomes and K management.

PubMed ID: 39844714

Canagliflozin pooled analysis reduced HF events and diuretic escalation—indirectly relevant to cardiac function and electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 40607983

Patiromer-facilitated RAASi optimisation reduced NT-proBNP during run‑in—important for heart failure management while controlling K.

PubMed ID: 41363010

Aprocitentan substantially reduced BP and albuminuria with stable serum potassium—supports cardiorenal therapy tolerability and function.

PubMed ID: 41185428

Dialysate K profiling lowered post‑dialysis K without increased arrhythmias—directly relevant to cardiac rhythm regulation via K control.

PubMed ID: 38632053

UNa‑guided diuretic strategy in acute HF reduced hypokalemia and AKI while improving decongestion — important for acute cardiac care and electrolyte safety.

PubMed ID: 40841122

TOPCAT analysis: more time with serum K in target range (4.3–4.9 mmol/L) strongly associated with lower CV events and mortality — directly links K+ control to cardiovascular outcomes.

PubMed ID: 41507124

AI‑ECG improved early detection of abnormal potassium and sped earlier treatment for hyperkalemia—a clinically relevant step in preventing potassium‑related arrhythmias.

PubMed ID: 25554404

Eplerenone added to background therapy slowed cardiomyopathy progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy without clinically important hyperkalemia — relevant to K monitoring and cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 1762385

Oral potassium reliably restores serum K, crucial for normal cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia prevention.

PubMed ID: 1951126

Intracellular cation depletion with thiazides implicates potassium in cardiac cellular electrophysiology.

PubMed ID: 1735925

In hypertensive men, thiazide-induced hypokalemia was associated with more ventricular arrhythmias; potassium supplementation prevented severe hypokalemia, linking K to cardiac safety.

PubMed ID: 7509325

Thiazide-induced hypokalemia observed in hypertensives—cardiac ectopy outcomes improved when K loss avoided, linking potassium to cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 8803994

Altering dialysis potassium gradients reduced dialysis‑associated premature ventricular complexes — clear evidence K+ gradient management affects cardiac rhythm.

PubMed ID: 10768435

Anti‑digoxin Fab therapy in oleander poisoning caused a notable fall in serum K+ accompanied by rhythm improvement — shows the relationship between K+ and life‑threatening arrhythmias (context of toxin reversal).

PubMed ID: 11440284

Combination therapy protected K while providing strong BP reduction—cardiovascular relevance.

PubMed ID: 12495832

Higher K intake associated with better BP control—cardiac function implication.

PubMed ID: 12844375

KCl supplementation meaningfully lowered BP, a major determinant of cardiac load—supports cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 12845429

IV potassium phosphate can raise serum K+ (documented hyperkalemia), which is directly relevant to cardiac conduction/arrhythmia risk.

PubMed ID: 18053306

Oral K salts lowered BP in humans—beneficial for cardiovascular risk and heart function indirectly; potassium also electrically important for myocardium.

PubMed ID: 18065796

Dialysate K profiling influenced plasma K and substantially reduced premature ventricular contractions in susceptible dialysis patients—direct rhythm-regulation impact.

PubMed ID: 18694978

DKA regimens monitored potassium closely; appropriate K management is central to safe cardiac electrical stability during treatment.

PubMed ID: 19926893

Spironolactone raised serum potassium substantially, an effect with direct implications for cardiac conduction and arrhythmia risk.

PubMed ID: 21200004

GIK infusion (contains potassium) markedly reduced low cardiac output events post aortic valve surgery—strong clinical cardiac outcome though multi-component intervention prevents attributing all effect to K alone.

PubMed ID: 23905576

Frequent transient hyperkalemia events after ENaC blocker demonstrate potent effects of potassium shifts on cardiac electrophysiology and the need for monitoring.

PubMed ID: 25091596

Hemodialysis potassium kinetics inform safe management of serum K+ — critical for cardiac electrical stability in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 24666826

In acute heart failure sodium‑lactate increased cardiac output but caused a clinically important drop in serum potassium — directly ties potassium shifts to cardiac physiology in acutely decompensated patients.

PubMed ID: 25402495

Rapid normalization of serum K+ in hyperkalemic patients reduces risk of K+‑mediated arrhythmias and helps stabilize cardiac electrophysiology.

PubMed ID: 30473139

Spironolactone in dialysis patients increased hyperkalemia events and hypotension at higher doses — hyperkalemia directly impacts cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia risk.

PubMed ID: 32199708

Furosemide in SIAD was associated with increased hypokalemia—hypokalemia is a known arrhythmia risk, so this study highlights clinical importance of K for heartbeat regulation.

PubMed ID: 31986290

Population reduction in systolic BP from increased potassium intake is cardioprotective and supports heart health at the population level.

PubMed ID: 33183558

Nitrate formulation (with potassium nitrate) improved endothelial function and lowered BP—beneficial for cardiovascular function (nitrate effect).

PubMed ID: 34064968

Dietary potassium trial reduced systolic BP which is cardioprotective; K retention increased — moderate evidence for cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 40267417

Lorundrostat lowered BP but led to episodes of marked hyperkalemia—demonstrates how elevated K+ can threaten cardiac rhythm.

PubMed ID: 40618849

SZC maintained normokalemia in dialysis patients; stable K+ is critical to preventing arrhythmias and regulating cardiac rhythm.

PubMed ID: 41178555

Patiromer (K binder) rapidly lowered serum K in hyperkalemia — directly relevant to preventing K-driven cardiac arrhythmias (treatment context).

PubMed ID: 19013573

Vegetable-induced urinary K increases accompanied by increased endothelial progenitor cells, suggesting vascular/heart benefit.

PubMed ID: 1666320

Cardioprotective diet (higher K foods) associated with fewer cardiovascular events.

PubMed ID: 23521816

Higher serum potassium in dialysis patients associated with increased CV events and mortality — directly links K levels and cardiovascular outcomes.

PubMed ID: 9120155

Randomized trial: modest oral potassium+magnesium supplementation reduced ventricular premature beats by ~17%—direct heart‑function benefit.

PubMed ID: 12862299

Large trial where GIKM was background; adding amiodarone greatly increased cardioversion rates—potassium (in GIKM) is part of rhythm-management regimen.

PubMed ID: 19262499

Salt substitute lowered central systolic BP and some arterial stiffness measures, implying improved vascular/heart load (moderate direct relevance).

PubMed ID: 20177856

Preoperative carbohydrate-mineral solutions (include K) improved postoperative LV systolic/diastolic function vs fasting (multi-component intervention but showed cardiac improvement).

PubMed ID: 21815963

IV potassium-magnesium pretreatment before cardioversion increased success and lowered energy requirement — direct clinical cardiac benefit of K (with Mg).

PubMed ID: 29121282

Saline was associated with higher hyperkalaemia incidence and peak K vs Plasma‑Lyte in transplant surgery, with more treatments required — direct evidence that K+ levels affect cardiac risk and management.

PubMed ID: 40590131

Hypokalemia risk with diuretic regimens has direct implications for cardiac stability and management — high relevance to supporting heart function via K management.

PubMed ID: 9583444

IV nicorandil given at reperfusion improved regional myocardial performance—evidence for improved cardiac function via a K+‑channel opener (drug, indirect to K+ supplement).

PubMed ID: 2357777

Direct trial of potassium supplementation in ventricular tachycardia patients (normokalemic) — negative for reducing arrhythmias but highly relevant to K and rhythm regulation.

PubMed ID: 2318517

Large trial documented frequent thiazide-induced hypokalemia—a known arrhythmogenic risk, so maintaining K supports heart rhythm regulation.

PubMed ID: 1929022

Improved BP control via dietary K likely reduces cardiovascular strain and need for medication, indirectly supporting heart function.

PubMed ID: 1711614

Potassium supplementation lowered DBP comparably to diuretics, an effect expected to benefit cardiac function over time.

PubMed ID: 8385183

Demonstrates thiazide-related K lowering — hypokalemia is a known mediator of arrhythmic risk (indirect inference).

PubMed ID: 8147677

Shows HCT-induced potassium lowering in BP trial — relevant to K-dependent cardiac electrophysiology.

PubMed ID: 7506007

Association between low serum K and more premature ventricular beats → direct link between K status and cardiac rhythm regulation.

PubMed ID: 8526698

BP reductions after K supplementation have downstream benefits for cardiac function; direct cardiac endpoints not primary in trial.

PubMed ID: 8840293

Changing dialysate K+ (decreasing profile) markedly reduced dialysis-associated ventricular arrhythmias—strong cardiac electrophysiologic effect.

PubMed ID: 9082675

Potassium-channel blocker tedisamil had marked effects on heart rate, ischemia and repolarization—highly relevant to cardiac electrophysiology.

PubMed ID: 8888660

HCTZ-related hypokalemia can predispose to arrhythmia; study documented a meaningful fall in serum K.

PubMed ID: 9867443

Early GIK (includes potassium) in MI was associated with markedly lower mortality in reperfused patients — supports a cardiac benefit for the combined regimen; potassium was a component (not isolated).

PubMed ID: 10100071

Genetic variation in Na,K-ATPase linked to resting/exercise heart rate and some BP measures — mechanistic link to K+-dependent cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 10519674

GIK (includes K+) improved myocardial glycogen, cardiac output and reduced arrhythmias during surgery—direct cardiac functional benefits.

PubMed ID: 10983674

Insulin+glucose+potassium increased cardiac output and reduced systemic vascular resistance post‑coronary surgery; relevant to cardiac support when K included in therapy.

PubMed ID: 10818057

Large trial linking diuretic‑induced hypokalemia with higher rates of cardiovascular events; preserving normal K strongly associated with better cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 10921699

Glucose–insulin–potassium infusion (includes K+) around bypass improved cardiac index, reduced AF and hospital stay — direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 11696690

GIK infusion (including potassium) reduced arrhythmic markers and improved LVEF after MI—strong cardiac functional benefit.

PubMed ID: 11680727

Perioperative techniques produced substantial plasma K+ changes and associated MAP drops—direct cardiac/hemodynamic relevance.

PubMed ID: 11917051

Documented a case of serum K = 6.3 mmol/L on ARB in renal patients—important for arrhythmia risk and heart rhythm regulation.

PubMed ID: 12587480

GIK infusion improved cardiac index and oxygen metabolism after bypass compared with Ringer—improvement seen with a regimen that includes potassium (confounded by glucose/insulin).

PubMed ID: 12668699

Eplerenone after MI with LV dysfunction reduced all‑cause mortality and CV events—direct cardiac benefit but associated with increased hyperkalemia risk.

PubMed ID: 12973173

GIK therapy (which includes potassium) after MI led to a significant within-group increase in LVEF, indicating improved cardiac pumping function.

PubMed ID: 12932605

Large observational cohort found potassium‑sparing diuretics associated with substantially lower HF hospitalization and mortality—strong signal linking K‑sparing therapy and heart outcomes (observational).

PubMed ID: 14769716

Perioperative maintenance of serum potassium in cardiac surgery patients helps prevent electrolyte disturbances that can provoke arrhythmias and supports cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 15006999

GIK infusion (contains potassium) in CABG patients markedly reduced incidence of atrial fibrillation — clinically relevant to cardiac rhythm, though K's isolated role is uncertain.

PubMed ID: 15786818

Large dataset: modest hypokalemia predicted higher cardiovascular events—strong evidence that maintaining K supports cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 15976800

GIK improved ECG reperfusion markers (ST‑segment resolution) after PCI—indirect evidence of myocardial benefit from a regimen containing potassium.

PubMed ID: 16310433

Pre‑stenting GIK (contains potassium) reduced troponin rise after PCI (less myocardial injury), supporting myocardial protection (heart function).

PubMed ID: 16122471

Blood cardioplegia preserved myocardial metabolism/function better than crystalloid in infant heart surgery (cardiac protection relevance).

PubMed ID: 16290961

Canrenoate added to ACEI post-MI improved LV volumes and diastolic indices; some hyperkalemia events observed.

PubMed ID: 15939681

GIK infusion in AMI linked to fewer early HF events and better HRV — improved cardiac outcomes (potassium included in regimen).

PubMed ID: 16214437

High-dose GIK in STEMI reduced MACEs, VT/VF and severe HF and improved LVEF — substantial cardiac benefit (multicomponent therapy).

PubMed ID: 16399292

GIK infusion around coronary surgery improved cardiac index and reduced low-output episodes; potassium was part of the mixture but effect may be multi-factorial.

PubMed ID: 16762939

Potassium-enriched salt substitution reduced cardiovascular mortality and inpatient CVD costs—strong population-level support for cardiac benefit from increased dietary potassium/reduced sodium.

PubMed ID: 16923091

High-dose GIK lowered inflammatory markers post-CABG and affected metabolic parameters; potassium was a component of the regimen.

PubMed ID: 16723781

KCNQ1 potassium-channel variant associated with increased repolarization dispersion, directly linking potassium-channel genetics to cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 17134627

Glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) infusion given during PCI improved microvascular perfusion and dramatically reduced LV remodeling—study includes potassium but effects not attributable to K+ alone; nevertheless relevant to cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 16875157

Warm (potassium‑containing) cardioplegia reduced myocardial damage and improved rhythm recovery—potassium is part of cardioplegia solution implicated in cardiac protection.

PubMed ID: 17532398

In valve surgery on a background of high‑potassium cardioplegia, adding adenosine reduced myocardial injury markers and inotrope need — directly relevant to cardiac protection in a potassium-rich cardioplegia context.

PubMed ID: 17984165

Large trial showing torcetrapib lowered potassium and increased CV events/deaths — supports importance of potassium homeostasis for cardiac outcomes (adverse evidence).

PubMed ID: 18260939

Adding spironolactone improved LV remodeling but produced clinically relevant hyperkalemia, linking K changes to cardiac outcomes and safety.

PubMed ID: 19114188

Moderate‑K cardioplegia (vs high‑K) reduced myocardial injury markers and improved pressures after pediatric heart surgery — a direct K‑concentration cardiac effect.

PubMed ID: 18691778

Low serum K (<4 mEq/L) in older HF patients associated with higher mortality — strong link between K status and cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 19029466

Torcetrapib caused a small but significant decrease in serum potassium and was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, implicating potassium perturbation in cardiac risk.

PubMed ID: 18611341

Effective, safe correction of hypokalemia in critically ill patients reduces arrhythmia risk and supports cardiac cellular function.

PubMed ID: 19462490

Higher dietary K associated with lower BP in a large sample—beneficial for cardiovascular risk and heart function.

PubMed ID: 20103777

Strong clinical association: mild hypokalemia in chronic heart failure with CKD linked to higher mortality and hospitalization, supporting importance of normal potassium for heart outcomes.

PubMed ID: 20429697

Patients given a combined potassium- and sodium-channel blocking agent developed T-wave/QT changes — directly implicates potassium-channel physiology in cardiac electrophysiology.

PubMed ID: 21208974

Because hyperkalaemia directly impairs cardiac conduction and RLY5016 reduced hyperkalaemia events, this has clear relevance to cardiac safety/function.

PubMed ID: 21315844

T‑wave morphological measures detect IKr inhibition and stratify arrhythmic risk—mechanistic relevance to repolarization and K currents.

PubMed ID: 22152974

Large heart‑failure cohort demonstrating high rates of clinically important hyperkalemia and predictors—directly relevant to cardiac safety and K management.

PubMed ID: 22452807

IMMEDIATE GIK (contains potassium) reduced infarct size in a biological subgroup and lowered early cardiac arrest/in-hospital death composite — supports acute cardiac protection.

PubMed ID: 22431578

Large cohort: both hypo- and hyperkalemia associated with higher mortality/CV events — underscores importance of K for cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 22795063

Direct RCT comparing cardioplegia potassium concentrations showed better myocardial protection (lower troponin) and faster rhythm recovery with moderate-K solution.

PubMed ID: 22257685

Large enalapril trial reduced mortality in systolic HF (cardiac benefit) while reporting effects on serum potassium—relevant to cardiac care and potassium monitoring.

PubMed ID: 22285123

Perioperative GIK (contains 40 mEq KCl) reduced NT‑proBNP rise and shortened ventilation after CABG — clinical cardiac biomarker and outcome benefits (confounded by glucose/insulin).

PubMed ID: 24119989

High‑K meal attenuated postprandial reduction in flow‑mediated dilation — suggests acute endothelial/vascular benefit relevant to cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 23810881

Eplerenone reduced HF outcomes but increased serum potassium—important for heart patients where K+ affects cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 24297687

Large dataset linking eplerenone to K+ rises while preserving survival benefit; directly relevant to cardiac therapy and potassium monitoring.

PubMed ID: 24341049

GIK during CABG associated with fewer postoperative arrhythmias and shorter ventilation — strong perioperative cardiac outcome signal (K part of GIK).

PubMed ID: 23940307

Spironolactone changed potassium and influenced clinical HF outcomes differentially by race — relevant to cardiac treatment and K+ effects.

PubMed ID: 24508473

AZD7009 (K+ and Na+ channel blocker) affected atrial fibrillatory rate and conversion dynamics — directly impacts cardiac electrophysiology (K+ channel action), though not dietary potassium.

PubMed ID: 25415807

Rapid correction/maintenance of serum K by ZS‑9 reduces hyperkalemia-related cardiac risk — direct relevance to cardiac safety and function.

PubMed ID: 25082948

Potassium‑channel blockers strongly modified atrial arrhythmia in dogs (and were tested in humans) — direct mechanistic link between K currents and rhythm regulation though translational limits exist.

PubMed ID: 24812304

Large HF trial dataset: spironolactone modestly raised K and reduced mortality — strong clinical signal linking therapies that alter K to heart outcomes (drug-specific).

PubMed ID: 25787997

Acute potassium administration attenuated postprandial endothelial dysfunction (improved FMD), supporting vascular/ endothelial aspects of cardiac health.

PubMed ID: 26343780

Improved FMD (endothelial function) after K supplementation indicates better vascular function, an important component of cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 26011677

Rapid normalization of hyperkalaemia reduces risk of arrhythmia and allowed continuation of RAAS inhibitors in HF patients — directly relevant to cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 26172895

Sustained potassium lowering in CKD/diabetic kidney disease reduces hyperkalaemia risk and so supports safer cardiac rhythm management.

PubMed ID: 25778467

GIK infusion study documented plasma K changes and associations with infarct size—directly relevant to potassium physiology in acute cardiac care.

PubMed ID: 25651363

ZS-9's rapid and substantial lowering of serum potassium in hyperkalemic patients is directly relevant to preventing potassium-mediated arrhythmias.

PubMed ID: 26224543

Spironolactone reduced cardio‑cerebrovascular events in dialysis patients (potassium‑sparing drug with cardioprotective outcomes).

PubMed ID: 27413123

Confirms dietary potassium is bioavailable and alters serum K, which directly affects cardiac electrophysiology — physiologic relevance though no cardiac endpoints measured.

PubMed ID: 26714972

Large NSTE‑ACS cohort: admission serum K showed a U‑shaped relation with arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality—strong evidence linking K and cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 27350174

In CKD patients patiromer reduced serum K and was associated with lower aldosterone and BP—secondary benefits relevant to cardiac load/function.

PubMed ID: 27868385

EMPHASIS-HF analysis: baseline hypokalemia signaled worse prognosis and mediated part of MRA benefit — strong linkage between potassium status and cardiovascular outcomes.

PubMed ID: 27488569

In-hospital GIK trial showed a trend toward higher LVEF and highlights a potassium-containing metabolic therapy in ACS; effect on LVEF was a non-significant trend.

PubMed ID: 27502865

Early ambulance GIK (includes K+) markedly reduced FFAs and was associated with much smaller infarct size — strong direct cardiovascular benefit from a metabolic potassium-containing intervention.

PubMed ID: 29138181

GIK (glucose‑insulin‑potassium) therapy in non‑ST elevation ACS reduced 1‑year cardiovascular events — direct clinical relevance of potassium-containing metabolic therapy to cardiac outcomes.

PubMed ID: 28495809

Potassium replacement corrects hypokalemia in post‑cardiac surgery patients and directly impacts arrhythmia risk/heart rhythm regulation.

PubMed ID: 28814143

Drug inhibited aldosterone and increased serum potassium—changes in K level have direct effects on cardiac electrophysiology.

PubMed ID: 28303624

Eplerenone affected cardiac outcomes and required K monitoring—relevant to cardiac therapy and K handling.

PubMed ID: 29324494

Glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) infusion (includes K+) reduced post‑cardiotomy ventricular dysfunction and troponin, suggesting myocardial protection.

PubMed ID: 29400576

BP lowering via K‑rich salt substitute supports cardiovascular risk reduction and thus heart function.

PubMed ID: 29587582

Spironolactone early use affected natriuresis and monitored potassium; relevant to heart failure management where potassium balance is important.

PubMed ID: 29369537

By maintaining serum K, patiromer enabled spironolactone uptitration in HF patients—facilitating guideline heart-failure therapy with cardiac benefits.

PubMed ID: 31201218

Maintaining predialysis potassium within a target range reduces arrhythmia risk in hemodialysis patients, supporting cardiac electrical stability.

PubMed ID: 7859051

Thiazide in hypertensive diabetics lowered serum K and lowered BP — ties diuretic use, BP control, and K changes.

PubMed ID: 2355103

Direct comparison of antihypertensives showing BP lowering with concurrent HCTZ-induced K loss; links BP therapy and K.

PubMed ID: 11527126

Chlorthalidone lowered BP but produced significant hypokalemia; directly relevant to BP pharmacotherapy and potassium.

PubMed ID: 1820294

ACE inhibitor (captopril) reduced CHF progression and was associated with higher serum potassium — demonstrates interplay between BP/CHF therapy and potassium.

PubMed ID: 2064494

Large trial of lifestyle changes (including increased potassium) produced substantial BP lowering — potassium part of dietary intervention associated with BP benefit.

PubMed ID: 1736933

Large hypertension study where diet arms increasing potassium contributed to greater BP reduction when combined with weight loss and drugs (potassium effect not isolated but implicated).

PubMed ID: 1538559

Large randomized study testing low‑sodium/high‑potassium diets showed modest but consistent BP reductions (renin‑dependent) — direct diet/potassium effect on blood pressure.

PubMed ID: 8383769

Potassium- and fibre‑rich guava consumption for 4 weeks produced clinically meaningful reductions in systolic and diastolic BP in hypertensive patients; intervention was multi-component but K-rich content is plausibly contributory.

PubMed ID: 8921782

Large observational study: higher dietary potassium associated with lower blood pressure — strong direct relevance.

PubMed ID: 9208337

Antihypertensive drug combinations lowered BP while altering serum potassium—directly ties potassium monitoring to BP therapy outcomes.

PubMed ID: 15720047

Population data: higher urinary potassium (+18 mmol/day) in rural adults associated with ~8 mmHg lower systolic BP—strong link between potassium intake and BP.

PubMed ID: 17161766

Large RCT: HCT lowered BP but also reproducibly reduced serum K—directly links K changes to antihypertensive therapy context.

PubMed ID: 22787067

Adding potassium in a cardiovascular polypill produced small but statistically significant additional BP reductions in a randomized trial.

PubMed ID: 23093587

Large international cohorts show higher urinary Na/K ratio strongly associated with higher BP; direct, high‑relevance evidence linking potassium status to BP.

PubMed ID: 23999279

Lifestyle program increased potassium intake (biomarker) and produced modest but significant systolic BP reductions—direct dietary K → BP evidence.

PubMed ID: 25409877

Randomized substitution with potassium‑enriched light salt produced large reductions in SBP/DBP over 28 days in hypertensives (direct intervention evidence).

PubMed ID: 27666380

Dietary pattern rich in fruits/nuts/seeds (K‑rich) was associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP and a healthier urinary Na:K ratio.

PubMed ID: 32438659

Intervention reducing sodium intake improved sodium:potassium ratio and, in subgroups with large ratio reductions, significantly lowered systolic BP—direct BP evidence.

PubMed ID: 40468047

Treatment of hyperaldosteronism improved blood pressure alongside correction of potassium abnormalities — underscores potassium's role in BP in pathophysiologic states.

PubMed ID: 7919085

Large multi‑population epidemiologic evidence linking higher sodium and higher Na/K ratio to higher blood pressure and stroke risk — supports role of potassium (relative to sodium) in BP regulation.

PubMed ID: 29559724

Diet intervention: increased urinary potassium and lower Na:K ratio correlated with greater SBP reductions—supports potassium's role in BP lowering (associative evidence).

PubMed ID: 16020405

ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy reduced BP in T2DM patients (primary outcome) — directly relevant to BP support.

PubMed ID: 2364920

Heart‑healthy diet higher in potassium markedly lowered BP and increased serum K; directly supports potassium's BP benefit (though diet was multi‑component).

PubMed ID: 9095079

Longitudinal data in children: higher dietary potassium associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP — direct epidemiologic support.

PubMed ID: 9449404

Randomized supplement trial in women with low mineral intakes: potassium 40 mmol/day lowered systolic and diastolic BP modestly and significantly.

PubMed ID: 10450290

DASH diet arms substantially increased dietary potassium (one mechanism for DASH BP benefits) — indirect but relevant evidence.

PubMed ID: 10450296

DASH feeding trial menu analyses confirm differential potassium content across diets that underlie the DASH BP‑lowering effects (indirect but mechanistically important).

PubMed ID: 10994765

Randomized crossover: potassium‑enriched milk produced small but significant reductions in clinic and ambulatory systolic BP — strong direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 14519796

DASH pattern (higher K) and sodium reduction linked to beneficial cardiometabolic/bone outcomes; DASH is established for BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 14610097

Salt loading study linked intracellular K to salt‑sensitivity and larger BP rises in African‑American hypertensives — mechanistic support for K in BP regulation.

PubMed ID: 12839657

2‑year randomized salt replacement with added potassium (and calcium) increased urinary K and produced meaningful BP reductions in adolescents — clear long‑term BP benefit (co‑supplemented with Ca).

PubMed ID: 15333723

Free‑living diet higher in K (and lower Na) produced statistically significant reductions in systolic and diastolic BP.

PubMed ID: 15759021

Randomized trial in salt‑sensitive children: calcium+potassium supplementation reduced systolic/diastolic BP rise—strong direct BP effect.

PubMed ID: 15883419

DASH‑style, higher‑potassium weight‑loss diet lowered systolic and diastolic BP more than low‑fat diet—dietary potassium likely contributory.

PubMed ID: 17761231

Large lifestyle/DASH program raised dietary potassium and improved BP relative to advice—supports dietary potassium for BP control.

PubMed ID: 19661927

Large randomized family trial: replacing salt with potassium+calcium salt conferred clinically meaningful BP reductions.

PubMed ID: 19626043

DASH fruits/vegetables (higher potassium) significantly lowered SBP/DBP and improved vascular function.

PubMed ID: 19661926

Community trial of low‑sodium (K‑containing) salt substitute produced large mean reductions in SBP and DBP.

PubMed ID: 20083724

KCl and KHCO3 supplementation improved endothelial function and arterial compliance in mildly hypertensive adults.

PubMed ID: 20807467

Randomized dietary intervention: low‑Na, high‑K diet produced clinically meaningful SBP reductions (especially with RAS blockade).

PubMed ID: 22234043

Cohort linked higher dietary potassium (with other minerals) in early life to modestly lower blood pressure at age 8 — observational support for BP effects.

PubMed ID: 22786569

Large RCT showed better BP control with losartan+HCTZ; serum potassium changed only slightly — relevant to BP management where potassium is implicated.

PubMed ID: 26489809

Randomized trial: amiloride (K‑sparing) and combination therapy produced substantial reductions in home systolic BP vs HCTZ.

PubMed ID: 39039285

Esaxerenone was tested as a second-line antihypertensive with meaningful BP reductions; study also reported K effects relevant to safety.

PubMed ID: 39394512

Esaxerenone lowered home BP effectively but raised serum potassium modestly—directly informs BP management with potassium-safety implications.

PubMed ID: 40366680

Randomized trial showed amiloride lowered home systolic BP noninferior to spironolactone; directly relevant to BP control and potassium-handling therapy.

PubMed ID: 41436637

Esaxerenone lowered morning home SBP substantially in T2D hypertensive patients; serum K modestly increased — direct antihypertensive evidence.

PubMed ID: 25319120

Canrenone (mineralocorticoid antagonist) trial lowered BP; mechanistically linked to potassium/aldosterone axis (indirect).

PubMed ID: 1778085

Adding triamterene to chlorthalidone maintained BP control while reducing thiazide-induced K loss—relevant to maintaining potassium while treating BP.

PubMed ID: 7735495

Hypertensive patients using a K‑rich salt substitute had greater clinic BP reductions vs standard salt and increased urinary potassium excretion.

PubMed ID: 9799029

Randomized potassium supplementation (64 mmol/day) raised serum/urinary K and produced small but statistically significant reductions in office, home and 24‑h BP.

PubMed ID: 11440284

Combination antihypertensive preserved potassium while sharply lowering BP—clinical BP/K link.

PubMed ID: 12495832

Large study: higher potassium intake strongly associated with maintained nonpharmacologic BP control.

PubMed ID: 12844375

Randomized double-blind trial: 24 mmol/day KCl for 6 weeks produced substantial reductions in SBP/DBP and MAP—high-quality direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 18053306

Randomized double‑blind human trial: oral potassium salts (KCl or K‑citrate) reduced systolic/diastolic BP by ~4–7 mmHg over 6 weeks—direct, high‑quality evidence.

PubMed ID: 26599222

Controlled crossover K supplementation in (pre)hypertensive adults produced a clear small lowering of 24‑h BP (−3.6/−1.6 mmHg) — direct clinical evidence.

PubMed ID: 31986290

Large cluster RCT: potassium‑enriched salt raised urinary K and produced a clear, clinically meaningful reduction in systolic BP.

PubMed ID: 33183558

Potassium‑containing nitrate tablets lowered clinic BP and improved endothelial function versus placebo in hypertensive adults (nitrate‑driven effect).

PubMed ID: 34064968

Controlled feeding crossover increased dietary K and produced a clinically meaningful systolic BP reduction (esp. potato source) — strong direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 40267417

Aldosterone synthase inhibition produced meaningful ambulatory BP reductions but also altered potassium (hyperkalemia), linking K homeostasis to BP effects and safety.

PubMed ID: 2134545

Weight‑reducing/cardioprotective diets (including more K-rich foods) produced large BP reductions.

PubMed ID: 1666320

Cardioprotective diet (higher potassium foods among changes) associated with improved CV risk including BP.

PubMed ID: 1332463

Guava-enriched diet (increasing K-containing foods) lowered blood pressure after 12 weeks.

PubMed ID: 15082472

Low-sodium, high-potassium salt reduced urinary Na:K ratio (biomarker linked to BP) though short-term BP effect was not seen—directly tests K-enriched salt.

PubMed ID: 24345027

Dietary program reduced sodium intake and improved sodium:potassium ratio — changes relevant to population BP control.

PubMed ID: 26552742

Randomized dietary trial: higher urinary K+ and lower Na+/K+ ratio associated with larger blood pressure reductions.

PubMed ID: 18800454

Losartan lowered DBP more than captopril in hypertension — drug-comparison relevant to BP control; potassium measured in some contexts though not emphasized.

PubMed ID: 8903665

Large antihypertensive trial reported similar BP reductions and equivalent serum potassium across combinations — relates to K safety in BP therapy.

PubMed ID: 2207419

Randomized trial: oral potassium (60 mmol/day) produced clinically meaningful reductions in systolic and diastolic BP.

PubMed ID: 7994447

Dose‑related thiazide effects lowered BP and serum potassium — relevant to potassium's role in BP physiology and diuretic‑induced hypokalemia.

PubMed ID: 7920126

Large randomized trial: replacing salt with a low‑Na/high‑K salt produced clear and clinically meaningful BP reductions.

PubMed ID: 8746642

Low‑sodium, high‑K mineral salt modestly improved lipid ratio and reduced urinary sodium—supportive but smaller BP/lipid effects.

PubMed ID: 8895035

In hypertensive type 2 diabetics, potassium/magnesium salt substitution significantly lowered systolic BP and increased urinary K.

PubMed ID: 15190052

Vitamin/mineral combination (not pure K+) raised serum K and lowered SBP/DBP in type‑2 diabetics; supports link between mineral (including K) status and BP.

PubMed ID: 17885542

Large community trial: potassium-containing salt substitute produced sustained systolic BP reductions over 12 months—strong direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 19262499

Salt substitute (potassium-rich) lowered peripheral and central systolic BP and improved arterial stiffness over 12 months (strong direct evidence).

PubMed ID: 21888642

K/Mg‑enriched salt reduced sodium intake, raised urinary K and lowered systolic BP over 8 weeks in mildly hypertensive adults.

PubMed ID: 23254595

Two‑year trial of reduced‑sodium, high‑potassium salt lowered systolic BP, especially in hypertensive participants.

PubMed ID: 25338053

Large randomized trial: switching to low‑Na, high‑K salt produced marked SBP/DBP reductions (strong, direct evidence for dietary K+ lowering BP).

PubMed ID: 27128565

3‑year replacement of table salt with KCl‑containing substitute significantly blunted long‑term BP rise (long‑term community evidence).

PubMed ID: 27448942

Randomized crossover: KCl supplementation modestly lowered nighttime systolic BP vs placebo (direct supplement evidence).

PubMed ID: 1967210

In hypertensive adults, diet/drug combinations including higher potassium diets lowered BP and estimated CV risk — strong relevance to K and BP.

PubMed ID: 2404477

Large dietary counseling trial produced a transient urinary K rise and sustained modest BP reductions at 6 months — supports K's role in BP control (contextual/combined intervention).

PubMed ID: 2191586

Spironolactone+altizide lowered BP similarly to enalapril while showing neutral K changes — directly relevant to BP management and K handling.

PubMed ID: 2191071

Dietary/salt/fat/weight changes lowered BP over 12 months; potassium role indirect but part of dietary strategy.

PubMed ID: 2344503

Bendrofluazide lowered BP and produced dose-related decreases in serum potassium — directly relevant to BP treatment and K balance.

PubMed ID: 2258249

Thiazide (chlorthalidone) lowered BP but caused hypokalemia in some patients — highlights BP‑K interaction.

PubMed ID: 1929022

Randomized dietary potassium increase markedly reduced antihypertensive drug need and improved BP control.

PubMed ID: 1665184

Lisinopril + HCTZ gave superior BP lowering and attenuated thiazide-induced K loss — directly connects K status with BP therapy.

PubMed ID: 1671380

Low-sodium/high-potassium diet modestly lowered diastolic BP at population level (dietary intervention trial).

PubMed ID: 1711614

Oral K supplementation (~64 mmol/day) produced large DBP reductions comparable to a thiazide diuretic in mildly hypertensive patients.

PubMed ID: 1349028

Combination therapy mitigated typical thiazide-related metabolic and K+ disturbances while producing larger BP reductions—indirect evidence linking K+ homeostasis and BP therapy.

PubMed ID: 8385183

Antihypertensive trial where thiazide dose reduced serum K and ACE inhibitor modified effects — links BP therapy and K.

PubMed ID: 8505112

Randomized potassium (KCl) supplementation trial in adolescents measured BP effects; modest, sex‑specific results—directly relevant.

PubMed ID: 8147677

Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide RCT showing HCT lowers K while lowering BP — directly relevant to BP treatment and K.

PubMed ID: 8006914

Quinapril attenuated thiazide-induced hypokalemia and reduced BP in combination therapy—relevant to BP control via K preservation.

PubMed ID: 8198036

Adding low-dose HCTZ to enalapril improved BP without clinically important K changes — shows interplay of BP therapy and K homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 7795836

Randomized oral KCl increased urinary K and produced a small, statistically significant short-term drop in diastolic BP (primary direct evidence).

PubMed ID: 8527353

ACE inhibitor trial showed BP lowering with small serum potassium changes recorded — relevant to BP control and K monitoring.

PubMed ID: 8572850

Indapamide SR lowered blood pressure in RCT and also showed clear differences in hypokalemia rates, linking BP therapy and potassium status (high relevance to BP–K interaction).

PubMed ID: 7798068

Dose-reduction of indapamide preserved BP control while causing a smaller drop in serum K — relevant to BP management and K balance.

PubMed ID: 8526698

Randomized supplementation (80 mmol/day) produced substantial, statistically significant systolic and diastolic BP reductions.

PubMed ID: 9822445

Salt-sensitive subjects had worse vascular markers and albuminuria with sodium changes; implicates Na/K interplay in BP and vascular response.

PubMed ID: 9737555

Na/K ratio reduction (after error correction) associated with substantial systolic/diastolic BP decreases over 18 months — direct, quantitative link to K-related physiology and BP.

PubMed ID: 9856369

Lower-risk indapamide SR preserved potassium while delivering similar BP lowering — evidence linking K status management to antihypertensive therapy tolerability.

PubMed ID: 10454438

Dietary K+ supplementation markedly lowered nocturnal diastolic BP and restored normal nocturnal dipping in salt-sensitive adolescents.

PubMed ID: 10826401

Hypertension trial noted HCTZ lowered serum potassium significantly while affecting BP; demonstrates interplay between diuretics, K status and BP management.

PubMed ID: 10818057

Shows that patients who maintained normal potassium while on diuretics had substantially fewer cardiovascular events, linking K status to outcomes in antihypertensive therapy.

PubMed ID: 11446724

Randomized trial: 60 mmol KCl/day for 12 weeks produced a clinically meaningful systolic BP reduction (~5 mmHg).

PubMed ID: 11464259

Large population survey showing low K intake and higher Na/K ratio associated with hypertension—strong epidemiologic link.

PubMed ID: 11850771

Enalapril and losartan both reduced BP over 3 years; potassium changes were measured—relevant to BP and K interactions.

PubMed ID: 14652358

Study of a potassium‑rich/low‑sodium diet showed a statistically significant lowering of home systolic BP (~2.5 mmHg) with increased urinary K—direct dietary K effect on BP.

PubMed ID: 12745193

DASH dietary pattern (rich in potassium-containing foods) lowered blood pressure and enhanced antihypertensive drug effect; implicates dietary potassium as a likely contributor.

PubMed ID: 12842242

Eplerenone trial showed dose-related BP lowering; serum potassium monitored—direct link between RAAS blockade, potassium and BP.

PubMed ID: 15253732

Ramipril lowered MAP substantially in children with CRF; serum potassium rose modestly—links between RAAS therapy, BP control and potassium levels.

PubMed ID: 15081441

Eplerenone and enalapril produced similar BP reductions while modestly raising potassium—relevant to BP management and K balance.

PubMed ID: 15080372

Low‑dose indapamide markedly lowered BP without significant K change—relevant to BP management and K monitoring.

PubMed ID: 15115902

Selective K+ channel opener lowered BP (but caused reflex tachycardia); mechanistic relevance to vascular smooth muscle K conductance.

PubMed ID: 15925739

Drospirenone/estradiol lowered clinic BP in hypertensive postmenopausal women without increasing clinically significant hyperkalemia, showing BP benefit without electrolyte harm.

PubMed ID: 16186434

Drospirenone/estradiol lowered clinic BP significantly but increased incidence of elevated potassium (relevant BP–potassium interaction).

PubMed ID: 16208150

Perindopril/indapamide (ACE + diuretic) lowered BP more than enalapril; diuretic component affects potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 16762939

Replacing salt with potassium-enriched salt produced large reductions in CVD mortality consistent with BP-lowering effects of reduced Na/increased K.

PubMed ID: 17163239

Thiazide plus potassium chloride regimen was effective for BP control; potassium was given but BP lowering mainly due to antihypertensive drugs.

PubMed ID: 17224857

Adding drospirenone‑estradiol to HCTZ lowered BP and attenuated thiazide‑induced potassium loss—direct BP and K+ balance relevance.

PubMed ID: 17906162

DRSP/E2 with HCTZ raised potassium while lowering BP vs baseline; demonstrates interplay between potassium status and BP control in diuretic-treated women.

PubMed ID: 17984165

Large torcetrapib trial likewise associated decreased potassium with increased systolic BP and worse CV outcomes — evidence of clinical importance of K-BP relation.

PubMed ID: 17215657

Olmesartan-based antihypertensive regimen effectively lowered SBP while reporting stable serum potassium—relevant to interactions between BP therapy and K status.

PubMed ID: 18272844

Low-sodium diet and thiazide markedly potentiated losartan's BP-lowering effect — electrolyte/Na–K interactions relevant to BP control.

PubMed ID: 18855259

Adding enalapril vs amiloride to HCTZ: both increased serum K modestly and affected ambulatory BP — direct BP trial with K data.

PubMed ID: 18753639

Telmisartan after stroke modestly lowered BP (and slightly increased K) — direct BP effect with K safety signal.

PubMed ID: 19029466

Torcetrapib lowered serum potassium slightly and raised BP with adverse outcomes; shows that perturbations in potassium homeostasis can accompany BP changes (adverse signal).

PubMed ID: 19029469

Torcetrapib was associated with increased blood pressure and lower serum potassium, indicating important links between K+ homeostasis and BP regulation (adverse off‑target effect).

PubMed ID: 19462490

Large community study found higher dietary potassium associated with lower systolic/diastolic BP—strong direct evidence of BP support.

PubMed ID: 19887503

Candesartan improved blood pressure control in renal transplant recipients; serum potassium reported as safety — strong BP relevance.

PubMed ID: 20001457

Addition of spironolactone or thiazide to ACEi/ARB lowered BP; spironolactone reduced albuminuria — direct BP benefit with potassium safety data.

PubMed ID: 19765449

Losartan lowered systolic BP in renal transplant recipients; potassium measured but not significantly changed.

PubMed ID: 19245300

Aliskiren+HCT improved BP control vs HCT alone and reduced hypokalemia incidence — relevant to BP and potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 20101007

DASH diet raised urinary potassium and produced large, clinically meaningful BP reductions—strongest supportive evidence that increased dietary potassium (within diet) relates to BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 21030879

Maximizing ACEI-based therapy directly lowered blood pressure; potassium monitoring was required — shows BP benefit with potassium-related safety considerations.

PubMed ID: 21419437

Adrenalectomy for aldosterone‑producing adenoma normalized aldosterone and BP and removed need for potassium supplements, linking K physiology to BP control.

PubMed ID: 22431578

Abnormal potassium levels in a large treated hypertensive cohort were associated with different cardiovascular risks — implicates K homeostasis in BP-treated populations.

PubMed ID: 23151750

Higher baseline serum K in hypertensive nephrosclerosis predicted faster achievement of BP targets and fewer medications.

PubMed ID: 22418981

Na:K dietary ratios associated with mortality in dialysis patients; implicates Na/K balance in BP-related risk (indirect).

PubMed ID: 24048291

Randomized KCl (64 mmol/day) lowered peripheral and central BP (~−5.3 mmHg); direct strong evidence that K supports BP control.

PubMed ID: 23670354

Aliskiren modestly lowered BP in T2DM without causing hyperkalemia; relevant to BP control and interplay with potassium.

PubMed ID: 24176436

Large salt-substitute (KCl) trial protocol designed to lower sodium and increase potassium intake to reduce BP — highly relevant to K+-mediated BP effects (protocol only).

PubMed ID: 24009294

Spironolactone added to ARB substantially lowered BP in diabetic nephropathy patients — clear BP benefit though accompanied by hyperkalemia risk.

PubMed ID: 24125483

Six weeks of spironolactone lowered systolic BP in obese adults without raising K — supports BP lowering independent of hyperkalemia in short term.

PubMed ID: 25058146

Human supplementation study: short-term K supplement during high-salt intake lowered blood pressure compared with high-salt alone.

PubMed ID: 26041459

DASH diet plus increased walking raised urinary potassium and produced clinically significant reductions in ambulatory blood pressure in diabetics with uncontrolled hypertension.

PubMed ID: 25673113

Controlled dietary potassium supplementation lowered 24‑h ambulatory blood pressure (~ −3.9/−1.6 mmHg), a direct BP benefit.

PubMed ID: 26343780

Potassium supplementation improved endothelial function (FMD) and reduced an inflammatory marker in adults with elevated BP—mechanistically and clinically supportive of BP and vascular health.

PubMed ID: 25727941

Corn silk extract (high K content proposed) lowered BP acutely; authors attribute effect partly to potassium‑mediated diuresis (indirect evidence).

PubMed ID: 27712772

TOHP-derived analysis: higher sodium and higher sodium:potassium ratio associated with increased long‑term mortality; supports K's role in cardiometabolic risk including BP.

PubMed ID: 27965209

Chlorthalidone+amiloride (amiloride K‑sparing) halved incident hypertension risk and produced small potassium changes—direct BP trial with K‑relevant drug.

PubMed ID: 27515930

Salt‑substitution program increased urinary K and improved Na/K ratio—population‑level BP relevance (K raises associated with BP benefits).

PubMed ID: 26938814

Diuretic regimen (chlorthalidone/amiloride) modestly outperformed losartan on BP; diuretic arm had characteristic K changes—again highlights K relevance to BP therapy.

PubMed ID: 27350174

Patiromer lowered K and was associated with SBP/DBP reductions in CKD patients—linking K management to BP effects.

PubMed ID: 28577665

Large cluster RCT design uses potassium‑containing salt substitute to reduce stroke and major CV events via BP lowering (protocol/powering paper).

PubMed ID: 28420122

Controlled dietary trial showed potassium supplementation lowered blood pressure responses to high salt—direct randomized evidence linking potassium intake to BP.

PubMed ID: 28303624

Eplerenone (an MRA) trial reduced outcomes and monitored serum potassium—relevant to BP/cardiometabolic therapy and potassium safety.

PubMed ID: 30120478

Fixed low‑dose triple pill (includes a thiazide) markedly improved BP control — diuretics interact with K+ but primary effect is BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 30175930

Adding azilsartan to chlorthalidone yielded larger BP reductions and reduced diuretic‑associated hypokalemia — directly relevant to BP and K+.

PubMed ID: 30197501

Canrenone and HCTZ lowered BP similarly but had different effects on potassium and metabolic markers; relevant to BP and K+.

PubMed ID: 29400576

Randomized salt‑substitute (low Na+, high K+) in hypertensives produced modest but clinically meaningful systolic BP reductions.

PubMed ID: 29753370

ARB+spironolactone lowered albuminuria and affected BP; also increased serum K+ — relevant to BP/K interplay.

PubMed ID: 30408810

Short salt‑manipulation trial showed CT‑1 changes tracked with BP and correlated with urinary Na/K ratio, linking potassium excretion ratio and BP.

PubMed ID: 30636547

Large RCT: tailored Mediterranean-style diet increased urinary potassium and produced a clinically meaningful ~5.5 mmHg systolic BP reduction—strong evidence linking higher potassium intake with BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 32998143

Eplerenone (mineralocorticoid antagonist) in diabetics lowered UACR and systolic BP — relevant to BP control.

PubMed ID: 32648662

Losartan (as the potassium salt) is an ARB that improves BP and renal outcomes — direct BP relevance (potassium salt form incidental).

PubMed ID: 32066973

Pragmatic Peru trial: replacing household salt with 25% KCl salt substitute produced modest SBP/DBP reductions and halved incident hypertension — direct BP benefit of increased K intake.

PubMed ID: 32812324

Treatment of primary aldosteronism (adrenalectomy ± RDN) normalized K and produced large BP reductions — demonstrates K normalization accompanies BP control in hyperaldosteronism.

PubMed ID: 34459569

Large cluster‑RCT: KCl salt substitute significantly reduced stroke/MACE/death and is known to lower BP at population level through increased K and reduced Na.

PubMed ID: 34684498

Low‑Na, high‑K processed meals modestly lowered systolic BP and raised urinary K in free‑living men.

PubMed ID: 33782684

Large RCT: KCl‑containing salt substitute lowered systolic and diastolic BP and increased urinary K.

PubMed ID: 33562216

DASH groceries (a K‑rich dietary pattern) reduced serum urate and urinary sodium and conceptually supports BP control.

PubMed ID: 36342143

Baxdrostat produced dose-related and substantial SBP reductions in resistant hypertension; also affected potassium in some patients.

PubMed ID: 35388704

Low-sodium DASH-based diet increased potassium intake and produced meaningful SBP/DBP reductions in hypertensive diabetics.

PubMed ID: 36266539

Baxdrostat multiple-dose PD study showed aldosterone suppression and BP-relevant pharmacodynamics with modest K changes.

PubMed ID: 35896277

ACE-inhibitor analyses included potassium changes and reinforced cardiovascular/renal benefits; BP effects and K interplay documented.

PubMed ID: 36364960

Cluster RCT showed modest urinary K increase with a community program and a significant systolic BP reduction (direct, population‑level evidence).

PubMed ID: 35311346

Large randomized trial of potassium‑enriched salt substitute showed significant stroke reduction via population BP lowering — strong direct evidence linking added K+ to BP/vascular outcomes.

PubMed ID: 35983513

Diagnostic model study highlights hypokalemia as a disease marker in hypertensive patients (primary aldosteronism) — links K status with blood pressure pathophysiology.

PubMed ID: 37055566

Large RCT replacing salt with a K-containing substitute lowered systolic BP ~7 mmHg and reduced CV events while increasing serum K — strong direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 37152926

Dietary sodium reduction in aldosterone excess raised serum K and produced meaningful BP lowering in two weeks — direct link between dietary sodium/K and BP.

PubMed ID: 38026295

Behavioral salt-reduction and lifestyle programs increased urinary K and produced clinically meaningful BP reductions (especially in high‑normal/hypertensive subgroup).

PubMed ID: 37488299

Model for primary aldosteronism used 24‑h urine K and hypokalemia history; primary aldosteronism is a key cause of secondary hypertension linking K+ to BP control.

PubMed ID: 38794657

Higher measured dietary potassium (24‑h urine) in adherent Mediterranean-diet participants — dietary K is linked to BP regulation.

PubMed ID: 38402353

Large RCT: household K‑enriched salt increased urinary K by ~25 mmol and produced ~3.4 mmHg lower mean SBP—strong direct evidence linking K intake to BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 38992025

KCNAB1 K+ channel genetic variant associated with bevacizumab-induced hypertension — links potassium channel biology to BP regulation.

PubMed ID: 38465623

Same large trial showed reductions in cardiovascular events with K‑enriched salt; BP lowering likely mediates benefit.

PubMed ID: 38326949

Controlled diet study (DASH and sodium changes) demonstrates BP effects of diets rich in potassium (DASH) and sodium lowering.

PubMed ID: 40888730

Baxdrostat produced clinically important SBP reductions while altering potassium — strong BP effect with K safety tradeoffs.

PubMed ID: 39908026

Large RCT: potassium‑containing salt reduced systolic BP modestly and lowered recurrent stroke and death.

PubMed ID: 40504011

Low‑sodium, potassium‑containing salts in a modified DASH diet substantially lowered home BP — direct intervention evidence.

PubMed ID: 39883400

Brief counseling increased urinary K and produced small BP improvements in hypertensive patients (pilot RCT).

PubMed ID: 40077763

Large community salt‑reduction program increased potassium intake and modestly lowered BP across communities.

PubMed ID: 41263071

Randomized trial: potassium‑enriched salt produced a consistent modest population‑level SBP lowering (~−3.7 mmHg) — strong direct evidence.

PubMed ID: 40264179

Large randomized trial of a sodium‑reduced, potassium‑enriched salt substitute produced meaningful BP and CV benefits—direct and strong evidence.

PubMed ID: 40148710

Five‑year cluster RCT of potassium-enriched salt substitute showed consistent long‑term systolic BP reductions—direct high‑quality evidence.

PubMed ID: 40077649

Plant‑based intervention increasing dietary K produced clinically meaningful systolic BP reduction in CKD patients (pilot RCT).

PubMed ID: 40607983

Patiromer-enabled RAASi uptitration may allow better BP/HF therapy while controlling K—supportive evidence for BP/therapy optimization.

PubMed ID: 40528445

Higher plant‑based K intake associated with lower arterial stiffness, a BP/vascular surrogate—indirect evidence for BP/vascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 41363010

Aprocitentan yielded large office and nighttime BP reductions with stable potassium—relevant to BP control while managing K.

PubMed ID: 40189653

Antihypertensive trial showed BP lowering while monitoring potassium elevations as a safety endpoint—informative about K and BP therapy.

PubMed ID: 40841122

Maintaining serum K in target range associated with fewer CV events — BP mediation plausible but indirect.

PubMed ID: 40647256

Education increased dietary K and lowered urine Na/K ratio — a dietary Na/K shift known to reduce BP; study directly measured urine Na/K.

PubMed ID: 41203854

Esaxerenone trial lowered home BP; potassium elevations were infrequent but monitored — directly relevant to antihypertensive therapy and K+ effects.

PubMed ID: 18272844

Dietary sodium reduction and thiazide enhanced losartan's antiproteinuric effect — renal-protective interventions (electrolyte interplay relevant).

PubMed ID: 18315706

CKD patients receiving continuous vs bolus furosemide had measured urinary K+ (no significant change) and natriuresis differences; directly relevant to renal K+ handling and diuretic effects.

PubMed ID: 19459520

ARB added to ACE inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy primarily targeted renal outcomes; serum potassium reported as safety—direct renal context.

PubMed ID: 19887503

Renal transplant recipients trial: candesartan improved proteinuria and reported potassium rises as safety—direct kidney context.

PubMed ID: 20001457

Adding spironolactone reduced albuminuria without significant potassium increase; trial conducted in context of renal/cardio-renal outcomes.

PubMed ID: 19211712

High-dose ARB in proteinuric renal disease produced clinically important hyperkalemia, directly linking potassium homeostasis to renal patient safety and kidney-related outcomes.

PubMed ID: 20693353

Aliskiren added to losartan reduced albuminuria but substantially increased hyperkalemia risk in CKD patients — directly relevant to renal potassium handling and safety.

PubMed ID: 21030879

ACEI-based optimization reduced BP and albuminuria but required potassium monitoring due to hyperkalemia events — relevant to kidney management.

PubMed ID: 20882268

Direct evidence that ARB-associated serum potassium increases (even modest) are independently associated with worse renal outcomes in diabetic nephropathy.

PubMed ID: 20529547

Potassium sodium hydrogen citrate increased urinary stone expulsion rate/time — direct clinical benefit for urinary tract/kidney stone clearance.

PubMed ID: 21158922

Early post-transplant ACE inhibitor use associated with increases in potassium and creatinine endpoints — highlights potassium-related renal safety concerns.

PubMed ID: 20447572

Study in chronic heart failure linked spironolactone use (potassium-sparing) to impaired renal function, relevant to kidney-wellness considerations.

PubMed ID: 21208974

RLY5016 directly reduced serum potassium and hyperkalaemia incidence in patients starting spironolactone, enabling safe uptitration of renin‑angiotensin‑aldosterone therapies — clinically meaningful for renal patients.

PubMed ID: 21858663

Potassium citrate (Uralyt‑U) significantly increased distal ureteral stone passage—clinically relevant to urinary tract/kidney stone management.

PubMed ID: 22205355

Large observational ADPKD analysis links serum/urine potassium measures to kidney function and disease stage—directly relevant to renal K physiology.

PubMed ID: 22073219

Eplerenone reduced albuminuria in CKD but caused a small potassium rise—shows interplay between therapies, kidney benefit and K handling.

PubMed ID: 22431578

Associations between abnormal K and worse outcomes in treated hypertensives — relevant to renal/cardiorenal risk.

PubMed ID: 23121378

Aliskiren added to ACEi/ARB increased clinically important hyperkalaemia in high‑risk diabetics (renal/cardiorenal population) — safety signal for kidney/potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 22475819

Direct observational link: higher potassium intake (lower NEAP) associated with slower GFR decline in hypertensive CKD patients.

PubMed ID: 23151750

In hypertensive nephrosclerosis, higher serum K predicted faster BP control and fewer meds—directly relevant to renal disease management.

PubMed ID: 22418981

Dietary Na and Na:K ratios predicted mortality in hemodialysis patients—strong link between K intake/balance and kidney patient outcomes.

PubMed ID: 22574560

PIRRT effectively lowered serum K in critically ill AKI patients—relevant to acute renal potassium management.

PubMed ID: 23107436

Behavioral contract lowered serum K and interdialytic weight gain in dialysis patients—relevant to kidney-care outcomes.

PubMed ID: 23713082

BAY 94‑8862 raised serum K less than spironolactone and caused less renal worsening in HFrEF with CKD—pertinent to K safety in renal patients.

PubMed ID: 23760292

Genetic kallikrein defect impaired renal adaptation to a high-K diet and raised plasma K, showing renal handling importance.

PubMed ID: 23443441

Spironolactone modestly increased K and reduced eGFR in HFpEF—shows clinical K changes impacting renal function.

PubMed ID: 23810881

Eplerenone in HF raised serum potassium and increased hyperkalemia events; directly relevant to renal K+ handling and safety.

PubMed ID: 24297687

Large trials showing eplerenone-associated persistent rise in serum K and eGFR decline — directly informs potassium-related kidney safety.

PubMed ID: 23940307

Spironolactone raised potassium differentially and increased hyperkalemia incidence—relevant to renal safety and monitoring.

PubMed ID: 23915518

ACEI/ARB in stage‑3 CKD raised serum potassium and caused notable hyperkalemia risk — directly relevant to kidney patients and potassium safety.

PubMed ID: 23393104

Fruits/vegetables or bicarbonate improved metabolic acidosis and kidney injury markers in stage 4 CKD without raising potassium — relevant to dietary potassium/alkali and kidney outcomes.

PubMed ID: 24009294

Adding spironolactone to ARB in diabetic nephropathy markedly reduced proteinuria but led to some asymptomatic hyperkalemia — strong kidney relevance.

PubMed ID: 23951362

Switching off tenofovir reduced a tubular injury marker though not eGFR — modest renal relevance, potassium not primary outcome.

PubMed ID: 23349296

Oral Na/K citrate significantly reduced contrast‑induced nephropathy incidence (direct, high‑relevance potassium‑containing intervention).

PubMed ID: 25415805

Patiromer trial in CKD demonstrates clinically important manipulation of serum K and prevention of recurrent hyperkalemia — directly relevant to kidney patient potassium management.

PubMed ID: 24408116

Spironolactone in diabetic nephropathy raised serum K more than losartan — directly documents potassium effects in kidney disease context (safety/handling implications).

PubMed ID: 24679880

Oral potassium-containing citrate therapy medically dissolved many radiolucent renal stones and avoided lithotripsy in most children—direct kidney benefit from a potassium salt.

PubMed ID: 26172895

Patiromer produced sustained reductions in serum potassium over 52 weeks in patients with diabetic kidney disease, directly relevant to kidney-patient electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 25651363

ZS-9 lowered serum potassium in CKD patients with hyperkalemia (large, randomized trial), directly relevant to renal electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 26224543

Low‑dose spironolactone reduced CV events in dialysis patients; relates to potassium‑sparing therapy in renal population (indirect kidney relevance).

PubMed ID: 27233381

CKD cohort: higher urinary K (intake) associated with lower all-cause mortality; directly measured K excretion in CKD context (relevant to renal patient outcomes).

PubMed ID: 28003041

In CKD patients, added oats modestly prevented a small rise in serum K seen in controls, directly measuring serum potassium in a renal population.

PubMed ID: 27350174

Patiromer (K binder) in CKD lowered serum K and was associated with reduced aldosterone, BP and albuminuria—direct renal relevance.

PubMed ID: 27215244

Na/K citrate (alkalinizing, contains K) preserved serum K slightly after contrast and was studied for contrast‑induced nephropathy prevention.

PubMed ID: 28151412

Extended hemodialysis hours produced measurable changes in serum potassium (decrease) in an RCT—direct relevance to potassium handling in renal patients.

PubMed ID: 28888762

Probiotic supplementation in hemodialysis patients increased serum potassium significantly—relevant to kidney‑patient potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 29198641

A self‑management program in hemodialysis patients improved serum potassium control—practical evidence for kidney‑patient potassium management.

PubMed ID: 29753370

High‑dose ARB + spironolactone reduced albuminuria but caused significant serum potassium rises — directly relevant to renal outcomes and K+ homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 30103622

Patiromer lowered and maintained serum potassium in hyperkalemic patients (including those with CKD), directly relevant to kidney‑related potassium management.

PubMed ID: 29767459

One‑year patiromer data in CKD/diabetes showed durable control of serum potassium enabling RAAS inhibitor therapy — directly supports kidney patient management.

PubMed ID: 29369537

Patiromer maintained serum K in HF patients with CKD, directly relevant to preserving safe potassium levels in renal impairment.

PubMed ID: 31201218

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate substantially improved predialysis potassium control in hemodialysis patients—direct renal/ESRD context.

PubMed ID: 31533906

Patiromer (K+ binder) allowed CKD patients to continue spironolactone by preventing hyperkalemia—directly relevant to kidney patient management.

PubMed ID: 31791288

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate rapidly lowers serum K+ in hyperkalemia—highly relevant for CKD-related potassium management and kidney safety.

PubMed ID: 31599043

Patiromer in ED lowered K+ transiently in severe hyperkalemia—direct but smaller pilot effect; relevant to acute kidney-related K+ control.

PubMed ID: 33239409

Esaxerenone substantially reduced albuminuria (kidney benefit) but increased serum K — directly relevant to kidney care and K monitoring.

PubMed ID: 32135136

Study in T2D showed spironolactone failed to prevent microalbuminuria and increased hyperkalemia — important for K handling and kidney safety.

PubMed ID: 32998143

Eplerenone (with/without ACE inhibitor) reduced albuminuria in diabetics — kidney benefit; serum K remained stable in trial.

PubMed ID: 32648662

Losartan potassium (drug salt) improved renal recovery after obstruction — ARB renal benefit though not due to supplemental K.

PubMed ID: 32151220

GIK reduced renal complications in cardiac surgery — direct clinical kidney benefit with potassium included in intervention.

PubMed ID: 32452085

Patiromer reduced hyperkalemia in CKD patients and allowed more to remain on spironolactone — directly relevant to kidney‑disease management and safe RAAS therapy.

PubMed ID: 38318690

Senna glycoside in HD patients modestly lowered predialysis serum K — relevant to potassium management in kidney disease.

PubMed ID: 35369022

Patiromer (potassium binder) enabled continued spironolactone in CKD, directly relevant to managing potassium in kidney disease.

PubMed ID: 34674667

Oral sodium bicarbonate in HD patients reduced inter‑dialytic K gain and hyperkalaemia frequency—beneficial for dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 34423370

Canagliflozin reduced hyperkalaemia events in T2DM+CKD on RAAS inhibitors — clinically meaningful K‑related kidney outcome.

PubMed ID: 33377565

Smartphone dietary program for hemodialysis patients lowered pre‑dialysis serum K and improved self‑management and QoL.

PubMed ID: 34786651

Large CKD/T2D dataset showing dose‑dependent serum potassium increases and hyperkalemia risk — directly relevant to kidney patients and K management.

PubMed ID: 33421456

Hemodialysis patient dietary program targeted potassium intake and reported reductions — directly relevant to kidney patient K management.

PubMed ID: 35900838

Patiromer directly manages serum potassium and reduced hyperkalaemia, enabling RAAS therapy in CKD/heart failure—directly relevant to kidney care.

PubMed ID: 35896277

Large ACE-inhibitor dataset analyzed early potassium rises and renal/cardiovascular outcomes—relevant to K homeostasis in kidney patients.

PubMed ID: 35686561

Ramipril in hypertensive children on dialysis improved biomarkers without severe hyperkalaemia, relevant to kidney patients and potassium safety.

PubMed ID: 36261757

Potassium–sodium–hydrogen citrate produced urinary alkalinization, a renal/urinary effect relevant to stone risk and renal acid handling.

PubMed ID: 35135481

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) effectively controlled pre‑dialysis serum K in hemodialysis patients — direct relevance to renal potassium handling.

PubMed ID: 35199478

SGLT2 inhibitors reduced MRB‑induced serum K elevations in diabetic kidney disease — directly relevant to kidney K management.

PubMed ID: 35982101

CRRT guided by ultrasound produced large serum K reductions and improved renal/heart failure parameters — relevant to kidney management of K.

PubMed ID: 35247964

CKD trial assessed proteinuria with sodium restriction/spironolactone and measured serum K — directly relevant to renal safety and potassium handling.

PubMed ID: 38037539

Finerenone program modeled potassium trajectories and showed potassium management via titration reduced hyperkalaemia risk; directly relevant to kidney therapy safety and benefits.

PubMed ID: 36916985

Low‑dose spironolactone in CKD reduced albuminuria while producing a modest, monitored potassium rise — directly relevant to kidney disease management and K safety.

PubMed ID: 37152926

Dietary sodium reduction in aldosterone excess raised serum K and improved BP — clinically relevant to K handling in aldosteronism and kidney-related BP control.

PubMed ID: 37386428

mHealth program in hemodialysis reduced interdialytic weight gain and lowered serum potassium within groups — direct kidney-patient relevance.

PubMed ID: 37385905

SZC randomized trial in hemodialysis patients directly improved predialysis K control, a core kidney‑patient metabolic target.

PubMed ID: 37313750

Peritoneal dialysis modality (A‑MPD) removed potassium more effectively over 5 days than manual exchanges, relevant to dialysis/kidney care.

PubMed ID: 39566872

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate maintained normokalemia allowing RAAS therapy in HF patients — important in CKD/HF potassium management.

PubMed ID: 39340493

Patiromer lowered K and allowed continuation/optimization of RAASi in HF patients; K control is crucial for kidney/renal drug management.

PubMed ID: 38497241

Aldosterone synthase inhibitor reduced albuminuria (potential kidney benefit) but caused hyperkalaemia, tying K homeostasis to kidney outcomes.

PubMed ID: 39112102

Large SZC trial controlled serum K in hyperkalaemia—directly relevant to renal patient management and safety.

PubMed ID: 38872014

Oral potassium-containing citrate raised urine pH and reduced intrarenal oxidative stress markers in mild CKD — direct renal biochemical benefit.

PubMed ID: 39159624

Patiromer reduced hyperkalemia events and helped patients remain on RAAS/MRA therapy; relevant to kidney patients vulnerable to hyperkalemia.

PubMed ID: 39580768

Patiromer durably lowers serum K in hyperkalemia and enabled continued RAASi therapy—important for CKD/renal safety and management.

PubMed ID: 41218621

Novel MRA added to dapagliflozin reduced albuminuria (kidney benefit) but caused small increases in hyperkalemia—kidney outcome with K‑safety implications.

PubMed ID: 39976633

Patiromer reliably lowered/maintained serum K and allowed continuation of RAAS inhibitors — direct kidney‑care relevance.

PubMed ID: 39380152

Finerenone program analysis showed reduced hypokalemia incidence and kidney outcome benefits in CKD/T2D patients — direct renal relevance.

PubMed ID: 40681108

Cooking methods that reduce potassium are clinically useful for patients needing dietary K restriction (e.g., CKD).

PubMed ID: 40329202

In hemodialysis patients with hyperkalemia, SZC normalized serum potassium faster than SPS — direct kidney‑patient electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 41039732

Large HF trial post-hoc analysis demonstrated how baseline potassium and eGFR interact with outcomes—important for kidney risk stratification and K management.

PubMed ID: 40077649

Plant-based dietary intervention in CKD increased dietary K without raising serum K and lowered systolic BP—kidney‑specific dietary potassium data.

PubMed ID: 40607983

Patiromer-enabled RAASi optimisation in HFrEF managed potassium to allow guideline therapy—relevant to kidney/renal safety in RAASi use.

PubMed ID: 40528445

In CKD patients, higher unprocessed plant K intake associated with lower arterial stiffness—secondary kidney‑relevant vascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 40024602

Hemodialysis dietary program produced significant serum potassium changes—directly relevant to kidney patient management.

PubMed ID: 41363010

Aprocitentan trial in CKD/resistant HTN showed marked antiproteinuric and BP benefits with no meaningful serum potassium rise—direct kidney-relevant outcomes.

PubMed ID: 41185428

Dialysate two‑phase low‑K profiling directly managed serum K in dialysis patients—highly relevant to renal (dialysis) potassium management.

PubMed ID: 38632053

UNa‑guided diuretic titration reduced AKI and hypokalemia in acute HF — directly relevant to renal safety and potassium outcomes.

PubMed ID: 41391159

Low‑dose spironolactone in diabetic CKD lowered UACR with small potassium changes and explicit renal safety data — K+ handling relevant to kidney care.

PubMed ID: 36319967

Developed/validated a hyperkalemia prediction nomogram in hemodialysis patients — directly relevant to kidney patients' potassium management and risk stratification.

PubMed ID: 22908773

Randomized trial: potassium citrate (given to both groups) plus herb reduced stone number/size and urinary uric acid — directly relevant to kidney stone management.

PubMed ID: 22099273

Randomized trial: potassium‑sodium citrate normalized citrate and strongly reduced stone recurrence/growth.

PubMed ID: 16749588

Long RCT where thiazide ± potassium citrate reduced recurrent calcium stone events (potassium citrate contributed to kidney stone prevention).

PubMed ID: 15759021

Calcium+potassium supplementation in salt‑sensitive children blunted BP rise and increased sodium excretion—favorable renal hemodynamic/electrolyte effects.

PubMed ID: 15117041

Direct potassium (citrate/alkali) supplementation in stone patients improved urine chemistry that reduces stone risk.

PubMed ID: 12028622

Randomized trial: oral potassium citrate eliminated stone recurrence after lithotripsy—strong kidney wellness benefit.

PubMed ID: 11789361

Potassium citrate after lithotripsy substantially reduced stone recurrence and improved residual stone outcomes.

PubMed ID: 11789362

Potassium citrate recommended to prevent thiazide-induced low urinary citrate and reduce stone risk (clinical recommendation context).

PubMed ID: 11336083

Antihypertensive therapy lowered microalbuminuria without changing serum K — relevant to renal outcomes where K stability was observed.

PubMed ID: 10916098

KHCO3 (a potassium salt) reduced urinary calcium and corrected mild dietary acidosis—relevant to stone/bone/kidney outcomes.

PubMed ID: 9720517

Potassium phosphate reduced urinary calcium in absorptive hypercalciuria—favorable for renal stone risk.

PubMed ID: 9366314

Randomized trial: potassium‑magnesium citrate dramatically reduced recurrent calcium oxalate stones—direct kidney stone prevention.

PubMed ID: 8002670

Potassium citrate markedly raised urinary citrate/pH and halved stone‑formation risk—direct, strong evidence for kidney stone prevention.

PubMed ID: 8230497

High‑quality RCT: potassium citrate markedly reduced new calcium stone formation and increased urinary citrate — direct, strong kidney benefit.

PubMed ID: 34543161

Pediatric trial noted larger potassium rises in CKD patients on valsartan, highlighting K risk in renal disease.

PubMed ID: 33609066

HFpEF analysis linked dyskalaemia (both low and high K) with worse outcomes, especially with renal impairment — relevant to kidney management.

PubMed ID: 30002098

CKD trial tracked potassium events and found no significant excess hyperkalaemia, informing K handling in CKD.

PubMed ID: 17097955

Renal transplant RCT showed a small but significant rise in serum K with valsartan, relevant to renal K balance and monitoring.

PubMed ID: 16020405

One‑year RCT in T2DM reduced albuminuria without changing plasma K — direct kidney outcome data.

PubMed ID: 41348736

Large RCT: citrate/potassium‑containing lime supplement markedly reduced calcium‑oxalate stone recurrence and urinary injury/inflammation markers—strong kidney wellness evidence (though multi‑component intervention).

PubMed ID: 30225852

Randomized trial: lime supplement raised urinary citrate/pH and reduced calcium/oxalate — directly favorable for stone prevention and renal lithogenic risk.

PubMed ID: 29605825

Short crossover in children: oral potassium citrate increased urine pH and lowered urine sodium—clear short‑term renal/stone‑risk effect.

PubMed ID: 22500592

Acute feeding: melon raised urinary citrate and urine alkalinity/potassium—short‑term effects relevant to lithogenic risk.

PubMed ID: 18946667

Randomized comparison: potassium citrate (and lemon) substantially increased urinary citrate and reduced urinary calcium in hypocitraturic patients—strong stone‑prevention relevance.

PubMed ID: 18560820

Lime drink (delivering potassium/citrate) increased urinary citrate/pH and urinary potassium, with renal tubular/antioxidant signals—supports stone‑related kidney wellness.

PubMed ID: 19535190

Trial in hemodialysis patients showed improved survival with nicorandil after revascularization; directly involves a kidney failure population (drug effect, indirect for potassium).

PubMed ID: 40468047

In idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, adrenal artery embolization produced better BP control and correction of potassium abnormalities versus medical therapy — demonstrates clinical importance of potassium normalization in disorders affecting renal/aldosterone physiology.

PubMed ID: 22907731

Variants in the renal K channel (KCNJ1/ROMK) affect serum K and drug responses—biological relevance to renal K physiology.

PubMed ID: 15933926

Sodium-phosphate bowel prep caused marked electrolyte shifts (lower potassium, higher phosphate) with renal safety implications.

PubMed ID: 9487416

Direct study of therapies to lower high potassium in renal failure—highly relevant to renal potassium management and patient safety.

PubMed ID: 7526050

Large heart-failure cohort: potassium-sparing diuretics + ACE inhibitors required K monitoring; results inform K management in renal/renal-risk patients.

PubMed ID: 8039040

Study in chronic renal failure: demonstrates clinically important, rapid plasma K shifts after inhaled/IV drugs in CKD patients — relevant to K handling in kidney disease.

PubMed ID: 1642936

Postoperative study found ketorolac reduced urinary potassium excretion vs placebo — direct renal handling of potassium relevant to kidney-related potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 40258348

In dialysis patients, moxibustion+PD significantly reduced serum potassium/phosphorus—direct effects on renal patients' K handling.

PubMed ID: 38892699

Hydration powder produced small eGFR and K changes but was generally safe in short term—relevant to kidney tolerability.

PubMed ID: 28902040

Rifaximin reduced development of hepatorenal syndrome and limited rises in BUN/creatinine, indirectly preserving renal function and K balance.

PubMed ID: 19589901

Intermittent high‑dose liposomal amphotericin B regimen produced fewer hypokalaemia days and less K supplementation—relevant to kidney‑related K handling.

PubMed ID: 17460608

Genetic variants in renal sodium transporters altered diuretic responses (implicates renal handling of electrolytes and K balance).

PubMed ID: 24557989

Large dialysis cohort found pre-dialysis potassium independently associated with serum phosphate—informative for renal physiology.

PubMed ID: 25672163

Study of potassium‑binding resins in CKD directly manipulated serum potassium and showed clinically meaningful reductions.

PubMed ID: 26564452

Individualized low‑protein diet in CKD lowered serum potassium and urine protein—dietary intervention improved potassium control and proteinuria.

PubMed ID: 27603344

Septic AKI/CRRT cohort highlights frequent potassium disturbances and the importance of monitoring/managing electrolytes in kidney injury.

PubMed ID: 30381412

Patiromer (K-binding) altered urinary phosphate and reduced PTH over 4 weeks—directly relevant to renal mineral handling.

PubMed ID: 30109784

In dialysis patients, a potassium binder meaningfully lowered interdialytic K and reduced ECG hyperkalemia signs—direct kidney-clinical relevance.

PubMed ID: 32712761

Direct RCT of prolonged‑release potassium citrate/bicarbonate in dRTA improved bicarbonate control and urine stone risk markers.

PubMed ID: 33143212

Phaseolus vulgaris extract increased urinary potassium and beneficially altered stone-related urinary biochemistry.

PubMed ID: 33904027

Randomized trial: potassium citrate reduced urinary calcium and increased citrate in hypercalciuric stone patients.

PubMed ID: 34050877

Oral potassium citrate after ureteral stenting markedly reduced calcium-oxalate and uric-acid encrustation on stents, a direct kidney/urinary tract benefit.

PubMed ID: 34147308

Telehealth dietary counseling in hemodialysis patients lowered serum potassium/phosphorus and interdialytic weight gain, improving kidney care metrics.

PubMed ID: 34414606

RenalGuard trial showed reduced AKI while managing potassium replacement — directly relevant to kidney management and potassium balance.

PubMed ID: 23402387

Real‑world potassium‑binder use in dialysis patients directly pertains to renal potassium management though adherence limited benefits.

PubMed ID: 37063062

Oral calcium polystyrene sulfonate lowered serum potassium in stage 3–5 CKD patients — direct therapeutic manipulation of potassium in CKD (kidney care relevance).

PubMed ID: 39490411

Hemodialysis study manipulating dialysate K + oral SZC improved serum K control and reduced arrhythmias in dialysis patients — directly kidney-disease relevant.

PubMed ID: 39969301

Preoperative sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in dialysis patients prevented postoperative hyperkalemia, a clinically important kidney-patient safety benefit.

PubMed ID: 41251791

Potassium citrate medication favorably changed urinary potassium and PRAL in recurrent calcium stone patients — direct renal stone/acid–base relevance.

PubMed ID: 41436637

Esaxerenone trial in T2D hypertensives reduced albuminuria (renal marker) though had small K increases — kidney outcomes impacted.

PubMed ID: 18360019

Triple RAAS blockade including spironolactone produced large antiproteinuric effects in non‑diabetic kidney disease (clinical kidney benefit; K implication indirect).

PubMed ID: 32974732

Apararenone reduced albuminuria (early diabetic nephropathy) in a large RCT; study reported small dose-related rises in serum K (relevant safety data regarding potassium and renal therapy).

PubMed ID: 1378114

Lowering diuretic dose reduced hypokalemia rates while maintaining BP, reducing renal electrolyte disturbance risk.

PubMed ID: 8130022

Addition of thiazide in loop-diuretic-resistant HF produced diuresis with differing electrolyte disturbance profiles, relevant to renal electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 7791169

Addition of misoprostol markedly reduced indomethacin‑associated rises in BUN/creatinine and blunted serum K increases—evidence relevant to preserving renal function and K handling.

PubMed ID: 8803994

Direct study manipulating dialysate potassium gradients in hemodialysis; changing K+ bath reduced dialysis‑related ventricular ectopy — directly relevant to kidney replacement therapy and K+ management.

PubMed ID: 10584839

Fludrocortisone markedly altered renal sodium/water handling and produced transient hypokalemia in most patients — relevant to renal mineral‑retention physiology and risk of hypokalemia.

PubMed ID: 10430112

COX inhibitors caused renal sodium and potassium retention in salt‑depleted subjects — demonstrates drug effects on renal K+ handling.

PubMed ID: 16191080

Bicarbonate vs acetate dialysis produced distinct intradialytic K+ dynamics and rebound — pertinent to dialysis/renal care.

PubMed ID: 19926893

In diabetic kidney disease adding spironolactone reduced albuminuria (renal benefit) but raised serum potassium, directly implicating K homeostasis in kidney therapy.

PubMed ID: 21036834

Adding saline with KCl to amphotericin B infusions significantly reduced rises in serum creatinine and renal injury—direct kidney-protective effect.

PubMed ID: 21126390

Spironolactone after TBI markedly reduced hypokalemia incidence — directly relevant to potassium handling and renal/excretory balance.

PubMed ID: 22357106

Pharmacist-led IT program improved electrolyte (urea & electrolytes) monitoring and reduced hazardous prescribing—improves potassium-related kidney safety.

PubMed ID: 22773591

Oral potassium citrate corrected metabolic acidosis in renal transplant recipients and was associated with better bone outcomes—direct renal/metabolic intervention in kidney patients.

PubMed ID: 22613585

CLP in HF with CKD improved congestion and functional class (though serum potassium not changed); clinical renal-cardiac context relevant to kidney wellness.

PubMed ID: 25091596

Large hemodialysis kinetics study provides quantitative parameters for K+ removal and distribution relevant to renal replacement management.

PubMed ID: 25402495

Oral K+ binder rapidly and durably lowers serum K+ in hyperkalemia patients, relevant to renal patients at risk of K+ overload.

PubMed ID: 26576619

In CKD patients with hyperkalemia, oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate effectively lowered serum K (~1 mEq/L) — directly relevant to management of potassium in kidney disease.

PubMed ID: 28531643

Micronutrient‑fortified supplement reduced renal potassium losses in malnourished HIV patients, indicating improved renal K+ handling.

PubMed ID: 29934667

In HF+CKD patients, tolvaptan altered urine Na/K and increased electrolyte-free water clearance — direct renal electrolyte effects relevant to kidney handling of K+.

PubMed ID: 32390339

Self‑management intervention in HD patients reduced serum potassium and improved fluid control—directly relevant to dialysis patient kidney management.

PubMed ID: 33104176

Large pediatric RCT showed K‑containing isotonic fluid increased hypokalemia risk and electrolyte disorders → direct, strong relevance to potassium in IV fluids and renal electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 35597332

Oral KCl in peritoneal dialysis patients raised serum K and was associated with lower peritonitis risk — direct trial of potassium supplementation in a renal population.

PubMed ID: 36402686

Relaxed dietary potassium restriction increased potassium intake and was associated with improved GFR and no hyperkalemia over 1 year — directly relevant to kidney outcomes.

PubMed ID: 36914591

Aldosterone-synthase inhibitor increased plasma K and altered urine Na/K consistent with kidney sodium/potassium handling—mechanistic relevance to renal electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 38513060

Large RCT: oral inorganic (potassium) nitrate strongly reduced contrast-induced nephropathy and improved 3‑month renal outcomes.

PubMed ID: 40618849

SZC in hemodialysis patients robustly maintained normokalemia over 12 months—directly relevant to renal patient potassium management.

PubMed ID: 40399660

Pediatric fluid composition RCT affected urinary Na:K and hyponatremia risk — relevant to renal/electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 30709714

Cross‑sectional link: low potassium intake associated with higher odds of albuminuria in hypertensive African Americans.

PubMed ID: 33201535

Bumetanide trial in neonates produced diuresis and monitored electrolytes (diuretic effects on renal handling of K).

PubMed ID: 11944733

Direct trial comparing sodium–potassium citrate vs herbal therapy showed SPC effective at stone reduction and symptom relief — potassium citrate has established renal/urolithiasis roles.

PubMed ID: 40715538

Potassium–magnesium citrate nutraceutical reduced ureteral stent encrustation and eased removal (urinary tract benefit).

PubMed ID: 32900785

Study measured increases in urinary potassium excretion and renal handling with linagliptin (renal physiology relevance).

PubMed ID: 23521816

In dialysis patients, serum potassium related to ESA resistance and adverse outcomes — emphasizes importance of potassium homeostasis in renal patients.

PubMed ID: 7891796

Long-term captopril slowed GFR decline in diabetic renal disease and was associated with higher serum potassium — study links potassium handling and renal outcomes.

PubMed ID: 7828395

Oral K prevented clinically important hypokalaemia during bowel prep, protecting renal electrolyte handling in at‑risk patients.

PubMed ID: 25338053

Large trial of low‑sodium, high‑K salt produced substantial BP reductions, which benefit renal outcomes over time.

PubMed ID: 27128565

3‑year community trial: KCl‑containing salt substitute attenuated long‑term BP rise — a plausible kidney‑protective effect via BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 29121282

Perioperative fluid choice influenced hyperkalaemia incidence/management in kidney transplant patients — directly relevant to K+ handling in renal setting.

PubMed ID: 40590131

Direct renal context: diuretic regimens produced hypokalemia risk and give actionable baseline K thresholds — high relevance to K management in kidney patients.

PubMed ID: 2284577

Combination therapy caused clinically important potassium loss requiring supplementation — directly relevant to renal/electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 2029014

Low-sodium diet altered renin/aldosterone and increased renal K excretion — directly addresses renal electrolyte handling.

PubMed ID: 8385183

Large trial showing thiazide-induced K loss and modulation by ACE inhibitor — relevant to kidney-mediated K changes.

PubMed ID: 8276370

Potassium canrenoate produced substantially higher diuretic responses in cirrhotic ascites vs amiloride, directly affecting renal salt/water handling.

PubMed ID: 8957033

Direct measurements of renal K+ clearance and proximal tubular reabsorption — directly relevant to kidney K+ handling.

PubMed ID: 8888660

Hydrochlorothiazide produced a clinically relevant fall in serum K, a renal-diuretic effect relevant to kidney-mediated K balance.

PubMed ID: 9822445

Salt-sensitive patients showed greater albuminuria and endothelial markers with dietary sodium changes — Na/K balance relevant to renal stress and kidney health.

PubMed ID: 9645829

Diuretic‑based therapy trial documents hypokalemia risk varying by kidney function, directly linking potassium balance to kidney‑related safety.

PubMed ID: 10348763

Children on amphotericin B required more potassium — demonstrates drug‑induced renal K losses and renal impact.

PubMed ID: 10826401

Antihypertensive trial demonstrated thiazide diuretic significantly decreased serum potassium, highlighting a common cause of renal K loss relevant to kidney management.

PubMed ID: 10818057

Large trial linking diuretic‑induced hypokalemia to worse cardiovascular events; demonstrates clinical importance of preventing hypokalemia for organ health including kidneys.

PubMed ID: 11917051

Addition of ARB to ACE inhibitor in renal disease produced an isolated hyperkalemia case and urea rise—clinically relevant to kidney handling of K.

PubMed ID: 11849419

Directly compares dialysis modalities and shows TPD removed more potassium—relevant to renal potassium handling in acute renal failure.

PubMed ID: 11899174

Study showed renal-protection differences in perfusion technique—relevant to kidney function which governs potassium homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 11850771

Long term enalapril/losartan trial showed renal function benefits (GFR rise with losartan) and measured potassium changes—relevant to kidney outcomes and K homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 15253732

Ramipril in pediatric chronic renal failure halved proteinuria and produced a measurable serum potassium rise, directly linking therapy, renal outcomes and K handling.

PubMed ID: 15081441

Eplerenone reduced albuminuria more than enalapril but both raised serum potassium slightly—direct relevance to kidney disease management and potassium handling.

PubMed ID: 16278591

Continuous ANP infusion after liver transplant reduced need for dialysis and preserved creatinine clearance (direct renal benefit).

PubMed ID: 16749353

Dialysis study documents major serum K shifts—directly relevant to renal K handling and kidney-related care.

PubMed ID: 17053552

Spironolactone reduced proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy but increased hyperkalemia risk; relevant to potassium physiology and kidney outcomes.

PubMed ID: 16931172

Antialdosterone therapy lowered progression to ascites/variceal events in cirrhosis—intervention affects sodium/potassium handling with renal/hemodynamic implications.

PubMed ID: 17035949

Spironolactone added to RAS blockade in CKD reduced proteinuria and slowed eGFR decline—clinically meaningful renal benefit though associated with K increases.

PubMed ID: 16624686

Population data showing frequent hyperkalemia with spironolactone and frequent concurrent K+ supplement use — important kidney safety signal.

PubMed ID: 17172377

ORS was as good as IV saline for kidney protection during amphotericin therapy and better prevented hypokalemia—direct relevance to kidney‑related electrolyte management.

PubMed ID: 17906162

DRSP/E2 coadministration with HCTZ raised serum potassium and mitigated thiazide-induced hypokalemia, relevant to renal potassium handling in diuretic-treated patients.

PubMed ID: 17342993

Hemodialysis with a herbal dialysate produced significant changes in serum potassium, directly relevant to renal potassium handling in dialysis patients.

PubMed ID: 18327081

Switching to a low‑Na/high‑K diet produced measurable renal kallikrein changes, a renal biomarker response to potassium intake.

PubMed ID: 41159496

Natriuresis‑guided diuretic therapy increased natriuresis/diuresis without harming renal safety — relevant to fluid/electrolyte and kidney management.

PubMed ID: 25388765

5% potassium nitrate dentifrice reduced sensitivity vs placebo — supports comfort/quality of life.

PubMed ID: 30803493

Large RCT: 3% KNO3 mouthrinse + toothpaste significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity over 8 weeks.

PubMed ID: 23117470

Multi‑component (includes potassium) improved encephalopathy scores and quality of life — clinical QoL signal though not attributable to potassium alone.

PubMed ID: 30996379

Pre-bleaching potassium nitrate dentifrice reduced immediate postoperative tooth sensitivity in a large RCT.

PubMed ID: 31308282

Within-subject RCT: potassium nitrate decreased sensitivity before/after crown cementation (reduces pain-related distress).

PubMed ID: 31986290

Large salt‑substitute trial increased potassium intake and modestly lowered population systolic BP—population‑level health/wellbeing relevance.

PubMed ID: 33183558

Plant‑based nitrate (including KNO3) improved BP and endothelial function over 12 weeks; contributes to cardiovascular wellbeing (nitrate effect).

PubMed ID: 30952505

Dried‑plum snacks raised potassium and produced favorable metabolic changes (lower postprandial insulin, LDL).

PubMed ID: 22465175

Use of potassium-sparing diuretics (implying higher K retention) associated with better verbal memory.

PubMed ID: 27020669

Potassium supplementation reversed high‑salt–induced proinflammatory changes in humans, which may contribute to overall wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 28877896

K+‑plus‑Mg salt improved 6‑month functional recovery after stroke (clinically meaningful global outcome).

PubMed ID: 39534260

Potassium (with Mg) supplementation improved insomnia severity and lowered morning cortisol in diabetics, outcomes consistent with better wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 39410716

Potassium supplementation improved quality-of-life scores markedly in T2DM trial (direct evidence).

PubMed ID: 1929022

High-K dietary intervention improved BP control and reduced medication need—a likely contributor to overall wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 9106107

In severely malnourished children (kwashiorkor), higher potassium markedly lowered late deaths and infectious complications — strong evidence of improved overall clinical outcomes.

PubMed ID: 10075387

Population study shows lower urinary K and higher Na:K ratios in certain groups, implying dietary K intake differences that can affect general health.

PubMed ID: 10818057

Large trial showing diuretic-induced hypokalemia linked to worse cardiovascular outcomes; maintaining normal K associated with substantially fewer events, which plausibly contributes to overall wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 16214437

GIK reduced major cardiac events and improved LVEF — systemic clinical benefit (multicomponent intervention).

PubMed ID: 16762939

Potassium-enriched salt reduced CVD mortality and improved life expectancy in elders, implying broader wellbeing benefits.

PubMed ID: 17078084

In PBS/IC patients, potassium sensitivity test converted to negative alongside clinical improvement, linking potassium-related physiology to symptom/quality-of-life gains.

PubMed ID: 18468955

Oral K supplementation in hypokalemic RA reduced pain and improved clinical response, indicating improved patient wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 18691778

Low serum K in HF linked to higher mortality → relevant to general wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 20101007

DASH diet (higher dietary potassium among other nutrients) produced large BP and health improvements, supporting overall wellbeing through dietary potassium-rich foods.

PubMed ID: 21419437

Surgical cure of aldosterone‑producing adenoma normalized aldosterone/potassium and eliminated need for K supplements, improving BP and clinical status.

PubMed ID: 21393114

Community nutrition education increased dietary potassium intake and was associated with improved waist circumference, HDL and inflammatory/adipokine markers, consistent with improved overall cardiometabolic wellbeing (but multi-component intervention).

PubMed ID: 27233381

Higher 24-h urine K (intake surrogate) associated with substantially lower all-cause mortality in CKD — supports population-level wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 27712772

TOHP long‑term data: higher urinary Na/K ratio associated with higher all‑cause mortality—implicates K in long‑term health.

PubMed ID: 28091488

Clinical series reported broad symptomatic improvements with sylvinite (potassium salts); methodology limited but directly claims wellbeing effects.

PubMed ID: 28926857

Oral KCl reversed salt‑induced insulin resistance and lowered inflammatory IL‑17A — plausible contributor to improved wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 29400576

High‑K salt substitute modestly lowered home systolic BP in hypertensives, a likely contributor to overall health/wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 32151220

Perioperative GIK (includes potassium) reduced major cardiac/renal events—clinically meaningful wellbeing benefit.

PubMed ID: 32066973

Pragmatic RCT in Peru: KCl salt substitute modestly lowered BP and halved incident hypertension — supports population health/wellbeing via K intake.

PubMed ID: 34459569

Large community RCT: replacing salt with KCl‑containing substitute reduced stroke, MACE and all‑cause mortality — major population‑level wellbeing benefit from increased K intake.

PubMed ID: 36364960

Community salt‑reduction intervention increased urinary K modestly and lowered systolic BP — plausible contribution to wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 37382978

Randomized trial of a potassium salt compound (Cogitum) showed robust improvements in fatigue, cognitive tests and VAS wellbeing over 21 days.

PubMed ID: 38465623

Same large trial showed reduced cardiovascular events with K‑enriched salt—meaningful wellbeing/health outcome.

PubMed ID: 40879429

Raising plasma K to high‑normal reduced arrhythmia/hospitalisation/death in ICD patients – major clinical benefit.

PubMed ID: 39908026

Large salt‑substitute RCT (KCl) reduced recurrent stroke and mortality, implying population‑level wellbeing benefit.

PubMed ID: 41460732

Meticulous nursing in hemodialysis improved patient comfort and biochemical markers (including lower K+) — tangible wellbeing benefit.

PubMed ID: 2064494

Large lifestyle/diet trial included increased dietary potassium as part of lifestyle changes that lowered BP and improved health markers — indirect support for wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 11134566

Potassium‑adsorption filter markedly reduced K+ in stored RBCs and improved post‑transfusion RBC increments, which can improve clinical wellbeing after transfusion.

PubMed ID: 15987865

Observational data: supplement users had healthier diets and higher potassium intake, consistent with overall wellbeing associations.

PubMed ID: 30225852

Phase‑2 trial of lime/citrate supplement improved urinary markers and lithogenic risk—clinically favorable effects that may improve wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 41348736

Large RCT of a citrate‑rich (including potassium-containing) supplement showed markedly reduced kidney‑stone recurrence and improved urinary injury/inflammation markers—likely to improve wellbeing in stone formers.

PubMed ID: 16822627

Education + dairy increased potassium intake and produced modest CV and wellbeing-related improvements.

PubMed ID: 18466657

Low‑sodium/high‑potassium diet produced modest mood improvements versus control—dietary potassium associated with better mood.

PubMed ID: 30397257

Long-term dietary counselling produced sustained increases in dietary potassium and improved overall diet quality—plausibly benefits wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 35622137

Tailored nutrition counseling increased dietary potassium and other nutrients in older caregivers, improving nutritional status.

PubMed ID: 35643360

Calorie‑restriction trial showed improved diet quality and maintained/increased dietary potassium intake, which supports overall nutritional wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 36079832

Higher dietary potassium associated with milder OA symptoms and better QoL in an observational cohort.

PubMed ID: 1511192

Fluid restriction in low-birth-weight infants reduced mortality and BPD, indicating improved overall clinical outcomes.

PubMed ID: 1304176

Potassium chloride toothpaste significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity in an RCT, improving oral comfort (component of wellbeing).

PubMed ID: 8157777

Topical potassium nitrate (5%) markedly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity; symptom relief can contribute to overall wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 7893018

Preoperative isotonic fluid reduced early postoperative thirst, drowsiness and dizziness—improved immediate wellbeing measures.

PubMed ID: 17542202

AmF/KF daily use produced large improvements in root caries hardness and sensitivity, likely improving oral comfort and wellbeing (potassium component present).

PubMed ID: 24156205

5% potassium nitrate dentifrice reduced dentin hypersensitivity — symptomatic benefit that can improve perceived wellbeing.

PubMed ID: 27416541

Chloride‑depleted, potassium‑enriched perioperative solution had measurable effects on electrolytes and reduced need for K+ replacement, implying acid‑base/electrolyte benefits.

PubMed ID: 16191080

Serum K+ correlated with HCO3- and pH during bicarbonate dialysis; demonstrates acid‑base modulation of K+.

PubMed ID: 16297299

Polyelectrolyte solution corrected acidosis better than normal saline and produced larger K+ drops—strong evidence linking fluid choice, acid-base status, and K+.

PubMed ID: 21700817

Observational study in CKD linked estimated dietary acid load (including potassium contributions via NEAP) to lower serum bicarbonate — direct link between dietary K-related metrics and acid–base status.

PubMed ID: 22773591

Oral potassium citrate effectively corrected metabolic acidosis in renal transplant recipients and preserved bone parameters—strong direct evidence for acid-base benefit.

PubMed ID: 28842733

Potassium bicarbonate produced dose‑related decreases in urinary net acid excretion, demonstrating clear acid‑base effects.

PubMed ID: 31699517

Sodium bicarbonate raised serum bicarbonate and reduced hyperkalemia episodes in CKD — strong evidence for alkali therapy's effect on acid–base status with consequential potassium changes (though not a potassium supplement).

PubMed ID: 34187840

Fluid rates and saline concentration in DKA changed correction of acidosis and produced differences in hyperchloremic acidosis and potassium trajectories — direct acid‑base relevance.

PubMed ID: 37343576

Balanced low‑chloride crystalloid reduced non‑anion gap acidosis versus saline in kidney transplant — fluid electrolyte composition influenced acid–base balance (indirect potassium relevance).

PubMed ID: 11944733

Sodium–potassium citrate is used to alkalinize urine and affects urinary chemistry — direct acid-base relevance.

PubMed ID: 10652038

K–Mg–citrate increased urinary pH by ~0.6 units and urinary citrate—clear alkali/acid-base benefit relevant to stone prevention and systemic acid load.

PubMed ID: 37846572

KMgCit increased urine pH and 24‑h urinary citrate — an alkalinizing effect consistent with improved acid–base handling.

PubMed ID: 10446816

Acetazolamide reversed metabolic alkalosis in dosing comparison; serum potassium was measured (no difference between regimens), so study links acid‑base interventions and K monitoring.

PubMed ID: 11412293

Acute respiratory acidosis did not increase plasma K+ in normokalemic anesthetized patients—directly ties K+ levels to acid–base disturbance (no acute change observed).

PubMed ID: 15181844

Study showed hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) lowered plasma K—direct link between acid–base changes and potassium.

PubMed ID: 15845718

NS produced more metabolic acidosis than LR in kidney transplant patients; LR associated with less acidosis and less hyperkalemia.

PubMed ID: 21046483

Potassium bicarbonate neutralized acid load in older adults — direct evidence for acid–base balancing effect of a potassium salt.

PubMed ID: 21858663

Potassium citrate (Uralyt‑U) used to alkalinize urine and significantly increased stone passage rates—strongly relevant to acid‑base urinary chemistry.

PubMed ID: 22475819

Primary study linking net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and estimated potassium intake to kidney function—directly addresses acid–base balance implications of potassium intake.

PubMed ID: 23393104

Fruits/vegetables or bicarbonate improved metabolic acidosis markers in stage 4 CKD, demonstrating dietary alkali effects (potassium‑rich foods) on acid‑base balance.

PubMed ID: 23349296

Na/K citrate provides alkali and was used to reduce contrast nephropathy; directly relevant to acid‑base modulation.

PubMed ID: 24679880

Potassium citrate therapy alkalinizes urine (citrate) and is used to dissolve radiolucent stones—direct evidence for acid-base modification by a potassium salt.

PubMed ID: 25651363

ZS-9 treatment was associated with increases in serum bicarbonate (~+2.7 mmol/L), indicating an effect on acid–base parameters.

PubMed ID: 25185593

Balanced (lower-chloride) fluids reduced metabolic acidosis vs saline in kidney transplant patients; although hyperkalemia rates were similar, acid–base benefit was clear.

PubMed ID: 27215244

Na/K citrate (alkalinizing agent containing K) was compared with sodium bicarbonate for CIN prophylaxis and preserved serum K slightly—direct acid‑base and K relevance.

PubMed ID: 31848294

Oral bicarbonate dosing raised serum bicarbonate without changing serum K+ and altered urinary ammonium—directly relevant to acid-base modulation.

PubMed ID: 31209191

Oral Na/K citrate increased urine pH in treated patients (subgroup), demonstrating an effect on acid–base excretion.

PubMed ID: 32151220

GIK lowered lactate and improved perioperative acid–base/metabolic parameters — relevant to systemic acid–base balance.

PubMed ID: 33382448

Oral bicarbonate in CKD corrected metabolic acidosis and reduced urinary ammonium — direct acid–base therapy.

PubMed ID: 34674667

Oral sodium bicarbonate raised pre‑dialysis bicarbonate and reduced inter‑dialytic K gain — direct acid‑base intervention with K effects.

PubMed ID: 34614363

Study directly assessed dietary potential renal acid load (UPRAL) and its association with blood pressure, adjusted for potassium — acid–base relevance.

PubMed ID: 36261757

Potassium–sodium–hydrogen citrate produced greater and higher peak urinary alkalinization than sodium bicarbonate—direct acid–base effect.

PubMed ID: 37832092

Dexamethasone in DKA with pancreatitis increased serum K+ and improved pH from severe acidosis to near-normal — relates to K+ shifts with acid‑base correction.

PubMed ID: 38872014

Potassium-containing citrate raised urinary pH and reduced markers of oxidative stress in CKD — direct evidence for alkali/acid-base effects.

PubMed ID: 40077649

Whole‑food, plant‑based program increased fruit/veg (potassium) intake in CKD—plant K is alkalinizing and can affect acid–base balance.

PubMed ID: 9487416

Study compared use of bicarbonate among therapies to lower potassium—bicarbonate affects acid-base and K+ distribution.

PubMed ID: 18560820

Lime drink and potassium citrate raised urinary pH and citrate—evidence of alkali/acid–base effects.

PubMed ID: 18946667

Potassium citrate and lemon juice markedly increased urinary citrate and reduced calcium—potassium citrate is an alkali that improves urinary acid–base status (strong evidence).

PubMed ID: 22500592

Acute melon/orange ingestion raised urine pH and urinary citrate—short‑term acid‑base shifts documented.

PubMed ID: 29605825

Oral potassium citrate increased urine pH in children—clear short‑term acid‑base effect.

PubMed ID: 30225852

Lime powder regimen increased urine pH and urinary citrate—demonstrates alkalinizing/citrate effects relevant to acid–base balance.

PubMed ID: 8230497

Potassium citrate therapy increases urinary citrate/alkalinizes urine and reduces stone formation — direct acid‑base/alkali effect.

PubMed ID: 8002670

Potassium citrate increased urinary pH and citrate—demonstrates alkalinizing effects in urine and reduced stone risk.

PubMed ID: 9720517

Potassium phosphate (alkaline anion) altered urinary Ca and vitamin D—reflects acid–base and mineral interactions.

PubMed ID: 10916098

KHCO3 reduced net acid excretion and made net acid excretion negative—strong evidence for acid–base effects of a potassium alkali.

PubMed ID: 11789361

Potassium citrate after lithotripsy likely works partly via urinary alkalinization; stone recurrence reduction observed.

PubMed ID: 11994333

Potassium citrate (an alkali) blunted salt‑induced urinary Ca loss and bone resorption—consistent with alkali (acid‑base) benefits on bone.

PubMed ID: 15572425

Potassium bicarbonate (an alkali) produced sustained beneficial effects on urinary calcium consistent with systemic alkali correction.

PubMed ID: 16766781

Dietary increases in renal acid excretion (linked to lower potassium intake) were associated with higher PTH and bone resorption—supports role of potassium/alkali in acid‑base balance.

PubMed ID: 17035614

Potassium citrate (alkali) increased urine pH and reduced resorption—evidence of systemic acid‑base impact.

PubMed ID: 20083724

KHCO3 reduced urinary calcium and plasma bone turnover markers—demonstrates alkali effect on acid‑base and bone.

PubMed ID: 22099273

Citrate therapy alkalinizes urine and reduces stone risk—direct acid‑base impact.

PubMed ID: 23162100

Long-term potassium citrate increased BMD and reduced fracture risk — consistent with chronic alkali (potassium) effects on acid–base and bone preservation.

PubMed ID: 22991267

Potassium citrate decreased net acid excretion (NAE) and improved calcium balance — supports acid–base buffering effects of alkali potassium salts.

PubMed ID: 25990255

Potassium bicarbonate significantly lowered net acid excretion and bone resorption markers—strong evidence for acid–base benefit.

PubMed ID: 29211866

Randomized potassium bicarbonate increased urine citrate and related strongly to net acid excretion and bone-turnover markers—robust acid-base evidence.

PubMed ID: 30213095

Potassium citrate raised urine citrate and urine pH while reducing bone turnover in osteopenic women—direct acid-base/bone link.

PubMed ID: 32712761

Prolonged-release potassium citrate/bicarbonate substantially improved plasma bicarbonate in dRTA patients—direct acid-base therapy.