Ginkgo Biloba
17 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
1,725 products in our catalogue print how much Ginkgo Biloba a serving holds.
Most common: 100 mg to 250 mg, 33% of 1,725 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 5 mg or less | 48 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 69 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 153 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 386 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 376 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 567 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 62 |
| over 500 mg | 64 |
Dose per serving from research
111 study groups in 94 studies say how much Ginkgo Biloba participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 100 mg to 250 mg, 70% of 111 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 50 mg or less | 3 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 13 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 78 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 11 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 5 |
| over 1 g | 1 |
Commonly used together
14 of 111 study groups took Ginkgo Biloba with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Panax Ginseng | 4 |
Benefit Evidence
Stroke recovery +15%
Hearing recovery +19%
Tinnitus/dizziness improvement
Mood balance: ↑anxiety/depression
Mood balance: −PMS symptoms
Mood balance: +mental well-being
Dizziness/vertigo relief -67.7%
Better function/QoL +15%
Improved gait +7 steps/min
Tinnitus reduced, hearing better
Tinnitus distress −1.6
Fewer adverse events
Mood balance: ↑anxiety/depression
Mood balance: −PMS symptoms
Mood balance: +mental well-being
Dizziness/vertigo relief -67.7%
Better function/QoL +15%
Improved gait +7 steps/min
Research sources
Blood circulation (39)
- New Nutraceutical Combination Reduces Blood Pressure and Improves Exercise Capacity in Hypertensive Patients Via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism
PubMed ID: 32078787
AkP05 (with Ginkgo) improved endothelial function and increased serum nitrite (NO), supporting vascular/ circulation benefits.
- [Effect of extract of Ginkgo biloba on doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer]
PubMed ID: 18418975
Ginkgo reduced doxorubicin-related ECG/echo abnormalities indicating cardiac protection and improved cardiac function markers.
- To compare the efficacy and safety of nifedipine sustained release with Ginkgo biloba extract to treat patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon in South Korea; Korean Raynaud study (KOARA study)
PubMed ID: 19159999
Raynaud’s improved versus baseline (less effective than nifedipine) indicating peripheral circulatory benefit.
- Effect of Ginkgo leaf extract on vascular endothelial function in patients with early stage diabetic nephropathy
PubMed ID: 19271166
Early diabetic kidney disease trial showed improved endothelium-dependent dilation and NO increases.
- [Tissue Doppler imaging observation on effect of long-term use of gingko biloba tablet on left ventricular function in patients with chronic heart failure]
PubMed ID: 20681276
CHF add‑on RCT improved LV systolic/diastolic tissue velocities indicating better cardiac hemodynamics.
- Short-term effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma
PubMed ID: 21976939
RCT in normal‑tension glaucoma showed increased peripapillary retinal blood flow, volume, and velocity after 4 weeks.
- A new ginkgo fresh plant extract increases microcirculation and radical scavenging activity in elderly patients
PubMed ID: 22120894
Fresh‑plant extract improved skin and liver microcirculation in elderly patients.
- Effect of Western medicine therapy assisted by Ginkgo biloba tablet on vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia
PubMed ID: 22840457
Vascular cognitive impairment trial showed increased cerebral blood flow velocities with ginkgo adjunct.
- The effect of Ginkgo biloba on functional outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23871729
In acute ischemic stroke, Ginkgo increased the rate of major NIHSS improvement vs placebo, consistent with a cerebrovascular benefit.
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cerebral oxygen and glucose metabolism in elderly patients with pre-existing cerebral ischemia
PubMed ID: 25847559
Intravenous Ginkgo improved jugular venous oxygenation, reduced cerebral oxygen extraction and improved perioperative cerebral oxygen metrics.
- Clinical research of persimmon leaf extract and ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency
PubMed ID: 25864752
In vertebrobasilar insufficiency, adding Ginkgo improved clinical symptoms and reduced blood viscosity/fibrinogen (less than comparator but still beneficial).
- Comparison of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy on vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia
PubMed ID: 25966264
Ginkgo added to aspirin increased anterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity while improving cognitive scores in VCIND.
- [Treatment of Early Diabetic Retinopathy by Liuwei Dihuang Pill Combined Ginkao Leaf Tablet]
PubMed ID: 27491224
Long 24‑month RCT adding Ginkgo leaf tablet to TCM markedly lowered diabetic retinopathy incidence/prevalence, plausibly via microvascular protection.
- The effects of antioxidants on ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma
PubMed ID: 28772005
Randomized crossover (multi‑ingredient including Ginkgo) showed increases in retinal/retrobulbar blood flow and reduced vascular resistance.
- Ginkgo biloba extract improves coronary blood flow in healthy elderly adults: role of endothelium-dependent vasodilation
PubMed ID: 18258419
Acute study in healthy elderly showed large, significant increases in coronary blood flow and FMD (strong vascular effect).
- Effectiveness and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) in the treatment of dizziness caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35294126
Large RCT (GBE50) in cerebral arteriosclerosis‑related dizziness improved TCM blood‑stasis symptoms and DHI — consistent with improved microcirculation.
- Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba Extract Combined with Hormones in the Treatment of Sudden Deafness and Its Effect on the Reactivity of Peripheral Blood T Cell Subsets
PubMed ID: 36199780
Adding Ginkgo to steroid therapy reduced fibrinogen and blood viscosity in sudden deafness patients, indicating hemorheologic improvements.
- Efficacy and Safety of SID142 in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase III Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35410753
Ginkgo‑containing cilostazol CR formulation for claudication showed non‑inferior efficacy; both arms included Ginkgo but endpoint is circulation‑related.
- Efficacy and Safety of Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37578791
Large RCT of IV ginkgo diterpene meglumine in acute ischemic stroke improved mRS/NIHSS and functional outcomes — robust vascular/circulatory benefit in stroke setting.
- Evaluating the role of Ginkgo biloba extract in the secondary prevention of acute ischemic stroke with cerebral microbleeds by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)
PubMed ID: 37812205
EGb 761 added to aspirin increased cerebral venous oxygen saturation in patients with cerebral microbleeds — direct cerebral oxygenation/circulation improvement.
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of Ginkgo biloba dropping pill (GBDP) on stable angina pectoris complicated with depression: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study
PubMed ID: 38430820
Stable angina patients experienced improved angina symptoms and SAQ scores when Ginkgo dropping pill added — symptomatic evidence of improved myocardial perfusion/flow.
- A Randomized Controlled Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba Combined with Nicorandil in Patients with HFmrEF
PubMed ID: 39894554
HFmrEF study reported improved biomarkers and clinical outcomes (with nicorandil) including parameters consistent with improved cardiac/peripheral circulation.
- Comparative Analysis of Therapeutic Methods for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
PubMed ID: 40747816
Ginaton regimens in SSNHL were associated with improved whole blood viscosity and lipid markers — indicative of favorable rheologic effects.
- Ginkgo biloba extract improves coronary artery circulation in patients with coronary artery disease: contribution of plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1
PubMed ID: 18446847
Coronary artery disease patients had significant increases in LAD flow and NO with reduced ET‑1 after 2 weeks.
- Ginkgo biloba extract improves coronary blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease: role of endothelium-dependent vasodilation
PubMed ID: 17564952
Intravenous Ginkgo in CAD acutely increased coronary flow measures and markedly improved brachial artery FMD — strong circulation effect.
- [Brain protective effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract (ginaton) in patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass]
PubMed ID: 17058828
Perioperative improvements in cerebral oxygen extraction and related metrics indicate improved cerebral perfusion/circulation.
- Cognitive performance, SPECT, and blood viscosity in elderly non-demented people using Ginkgo biloba
PubMed ID: 12905098
8‑month study reported reduced blood viscosity and improved regional cerebral perfusion on SPECT.
- Comparison of two dosages of ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease Fontaine's stage IIb. A randomised, double-blind, multicentric clinical trial
PubMed ID: 10604042
Dose-response improvement in walking distance supports a circulation-related mechanism at higher doses.
- [The results of using different forms of a Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in the combined treatment of patients with circulatory encephalopathy]
PubMed ID: 10204370
Series in circulatory encephalopathy reported improved vessel elasticity/tonicity and vascular function measures.
- Demonstration of the efficacy of ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 on intermittent claudication--a placebo-controlled, double-blind multicenter trial
PubMed ID: 9612115
Significant increases in pain-free and maximum walking distance in peripheral arterial disease indicate better circulation.
- EGb 761 in control of acute mountain sickness and vascular reactivity to cold exposure
PubMed ID: 8725471
Prophylactic trial showed marked improvements in peripheral vasomotor reactivity and prevention of AMS, strong vascular effects.
- [Placebo-controlled double-blind study of the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in trained patients with intermittent claudication]
PubMed ID: 8967154
Intermittent claudication trial increased pain-free walking distance, indicating improved limb perfusion/function.
- [Hemorheologic effects of ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Dose-dependent effect of EGb 761 on microcirculation and viscoelasticity of blood]
PubMed ID: 8491438
Single IV doses of EGb 761 increased skin microcirculation dose-dependently and modestly improved whole-blood visco-elasticity in patients.
- A clinical trial of Gingkco Biloba Extract in patients with intermittent claudication
PubMed ID: 2254678
Claudication RCT improved walking distance and pain (clinical circulation endpoint) despite unchanged Doppler measures.
- [Clinical observation of the low molecular weight heparin calcium combined with Yinxing Damo injection on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after the operation of intertrochanteric fracture]
PubMed ID: 22303704
Yinxin Damo (Ginkgo-related) injection plus LMWH reduced DVT incidence post-fracture vs LMWH alone—suggests improved thrombotic outcomes/circulation, though Ginkgo was part of a preparation.
- Antiplatelet effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection in acute ischemic stroke: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36609866
Ginkgo diterpene + aspirin reduced platelet activity and improved clinical outcomes in AIS (flow/haemostasis effect).
- Ticlopidine with Ginkgo Biloba extract: a feasible combination for patients with acute cerebral ischemia
PubMed ID: 23477707
Adding Ginkgo to ticlopidine improved platelet inhibition measures — supports better microcirculatory flow.
- Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of elderly ischemic cerebrovascular disease
PubMed ID: 39340861
Ischemic cerebrovascular trial reported hemorheology and PAF improvements with Ginkgo.
- Efficacy of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine injection in elderly patients with ischemic stroke: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35994847
Post‑hoc stroke outcome gains and QoL improvements are compatible with vascular/flow benefits.
Memory (35)
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings
PubMed ID: 12404671
Large trial in cognitively intact older adults showed improvements in delayed verbal and visual memory (objective gains).
- Cognitive performance, SPECT, and blood viscosity in elderly non-demented people using Ginkgo biloba
PubMed ID: 12905098
8‑month study reported improved global cognitive performance alongside perfusion changes.
- Effects on cognition and mood in postmenopausal women of 1-week treatment with Ginkgo biloba
PubMed ID: 12895689
7‑day trial improved nonverbal memory and frontal‑lobe tasks in postmenopausal women (specific memory test gains).
- Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula) and Bai guo (Gingko biloba) enhance learning and memory
PubMed ID: 15285274
Small trial reported improved acquisition and retention versus placebo.
- [Clinical study on treatment of mild cognitive impairment by modified wuzi yanzong granule]
PubMed ID: 15199619
MCI study: ginkgo improved memory scores (memorial quotient) over 3 months.
- Ginkgo biloba: no robust effect on cognitive abilities or mood in healthy young or older adults
PubMed ID: 16329161
12-week healthy volunteer trial showed modest associative memory improvement in older adults.
- Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 17341003
22-week randomized dementia trial produced significant cognitive improvements, including memory domains.
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: findings from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17704975
240 mg/day EGb761 improved cognition in dementia, including memory measures vs placebo.
- Efficacy and tolerability of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 by type of dementia: analyses of a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19286192
RCT showed significant improvements on cognitive memory scores in dementia patients.
- Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21140383
Moderately large RCT found better cognitive performance vs placebo in dementia, supporting memory benefit in that population.
- Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms are effect modifiers in Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761®) treatment of dementia with neuropsychiatric features. Retrospective data analyses of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20837354
Dementia subgroup analyses showed greater net benefit in those with worse baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms, including cognition.
- Efficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22086747
RCT (EGb 761) produced significant improvements on cognitive measures in AD/VaD including memory‑related tests.
- Specific memory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in middle-aged healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 21802920
Healthy middle‑aged adults: modest, statistically significant gains on demanding free‑recall (episodic memory).
- Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg
PubMed ID: 22459264
24‑week RCT showed SKT cognitive benefit (memory components) vs placebo.
- [Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in improving episodic memory of patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial]
PubMed ID: 22704410
6‑month MCI RCT reported better episodic memory outcomes (logical memory, picture recognition).
- [Effects of ginkgo biloba tablet in treating mild cognitive impairment]
PubMed ID: 23185760
1‑year MCI trial reported higher MMSE/CDT response rates and lower short‑term dementia conversion.
- Efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a predefined exploratory analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38472398
GDLM produced small but significant MoCA gains at 14 and 90 days after stroke — supports modest memory/cognitive benefit post‑ischemia.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba extracts for the improvement of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people
PubMed ID: 38972848
Cistanche+Ginkgo RCT improved MMSE and MoCA and reduced neurodegeneration biomarkers — suggests memory support signal though product was combined.
- Investigating the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on the cognitive function of patients undergoing treatment with electric shock: a double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36762332
Improved WMS (memory) scores after ECT with Ginkgo — direct memory benefit.
- Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29507779
Post‑stroke trial showed better MoCA and cognitive recovery, supporting memory improvement in neurological recovery.
- Comparison of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy on vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia
PubMed ID: 25966264
Ginkgo added to aspirin improved MoCA and specific cognitive domains in VCIND, supporting memory/cognitive benefit.
- [Ginkgo leaves tablet improved the memory quotient of patients with mild cognitive impairment: a clinical observation]
PubMed ID: 24758078
Randomized trial in MCI showed significant improvements in memory quotient and multiple memory subtests with Ginkgo.
- A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of dietary supplementation on cognitive and immune functioning in healthy older adults
PubMed ID: 24495355
Ginkgo‑containing formula improved select executive/verbal tests relevant to memory function.
- [Treatment of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia: experience of using the combined neuroprotective drug Picamilon Ginkgo]
PubMed ID: 36168693
Combination product showed greater cognitive (incl. memory) gains than Ginkgo alone; Ginkgo likely contributes.
- [Drug therapy of disorders of cerebral performance. Randomized comparative study of dihydroergotoxine and Ginkgo biloba extract]
PubMed ID: 2199358
Elderly cerebrovascular RCT showed improvements on psychometric tests including memory‑related measures.
- [Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]
PubMed ID: 2242846
RCT in cerebral insufficiency reported broad symptomatic/cognitive improvement including memory domains.
- A double-blind, placebo controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract ('tanakan') in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment
PubMed ID: 2044394
6-month RCT in older adults with mild–moderate memory impairment showed memory and processing-speed benefits vs placebo.
- [Effect of Ginkgo-biloba extract on mental performance. Double-blind study using computerized measurement conditions in patients with cerebral insufficiency]
PubMed ID: 1544615
24-week RCT found improved short-term memory by 6 weeks and improved learning rate by 24 weeks in cerebral insufficiency.
- Cognitive psychophysiology in nootropic drug research: effects of Ginkgo biloba on event-related potentials (P300) in age-associated memory impairment
PubMed ID: 7491367
ERP changes (P300 latency) in older adults with memory complaints suggest processing speed improvements that aid memory.
- Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia
PubMed ID: 8741021
Large dementia RCT (240 mg) increased responder rates on attention/memory and global measures.
- [Effectiveness of brief infusions with Ginkgo biloba Special Extract EGb 761 in dementia of the vascular and Alzheimer type]
PubMed ID: 8974721
Improved cognition and daily functioning in moderate dementia via IV EGb.
- A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group
PubMed ID: 9343463
One-year trial showed modest but significant ADAS-Cog improvements vs placebo.
- The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers
PubMed ID: 10441781
Acute, dose-related working-memory improvements in healthy volunteers.
- A 26-week analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia
PubMed ID: 10867450
26-week dementia trial produced small but statistically significant cognitive gains (ADAS-Cog) consistent with memory benefit in impaired patients.
- The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers
PubMed ID: 11140327
Ginkgo+ginseng improved a composite Index of Memory Quality (~7.5%); contribution of Ginkgo alone uncertain but supportive.
Mental clarity (29)
- Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21140383
Large dementia trial with improved cognitive scores and behavior consistent with better mental clarity.
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: findings from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17704975
Large trial (240 mg/day) improved cognition vs placebo, implying improved mental clarity.
- Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 17341003
Large dementia trial showed clear cognitive improvements consistent with better mental clarity.
- Differential cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba after acute and chronic treatment in healthy young volunteers
PubMed ID: 15739076
Single‑dose study showed acute improvements in attention and some memory tests (short‑term clarity/alertness effect).
- Effects on cognition and mood in postmenopausal women of 1-week treatment with Ginkgo biloba
PubMed ID: 12895689
1‑week trial in postmenopausal women showed modest improvements on memory/frontal tests suggesting better clarity.
- Cognitive performance, SPECT, and blood viscosity in elderly non-demented people using Ginkgo biloba
PubMed ID: 12905098
8‑month study reported improved cerebral perfusion and global cognitive performance, implying clearer cognitive function.
- Neuropsychological changes after 30-day Ginkgo biloba administration in healthy participants
PubMed ID: 11466162
30-day trial in healthy adults improved speed of processing and executive function (translates to clearer thinking).
- An examination of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on the neuropsychologic functioning of cognitively intact older adults
PubMed ID: 10890330
6-week trial found faster processing speed and subjective clearer memory reports in older adults.
- The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers
PubMed ID: 10441781
Acute working-memory improvements in healthy middle-aged volunteers indicate clearer thinking.
- A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group
PubMed ID: 9343463
One-year trial produced modest but significant cognitive benefits vs placebo.
- [Effectiveness of brief infusions with Ginkgo biloba Special Extract EGb 761 in dementia of the vascular and Alzheimer type]
PubMed ID: 8974721
IV EGb produced short-term cognitive and ADL improvements in moderate dementia, consistent with improved mental clarity.
- Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia
PubMed ID: 8741021
Large dementia trial showed multidimensional cognitive and clinical responder improvements reflecting clearer cognition.
- Cognitive psychophysiology in nootropic drug research: effects of Ginkgo biloba on event-related potentials (P300) in age-associated memory impairment
PubMed ID: 7491367
Shortened P300 latency (faster stimulus evaluation) implies clearer/ faster mental processing.
- A double-blind, placebo controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract ('tanakan') in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment
PubMed ID: 2044394
6-month RCT in older adults with memory impairment showed improved processing speed and some memory tests vs placebo.
- [Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]
PubMed ID: 2242846
Double‑blind RCT reported substantial, early symptomatic improvements including cognitive/mental symptoms.
- [Drug therapy of disorders of cerebral performance. Randomized comparative study of dihydroergotoxine and Ginkgo biloba extract]
PubMed ID: 2199358
RCT in cerebrovascular patients showed overall cognitive/test improvements consistent with clearer cognition.
- A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of dietary supplementation on cognitive and immune functioning in healthy older adults
PubMed ID: 24495355
Ginkgo‑based formula produced modest executive/verbal test gains consistent with clearer thought.
- [Treatment of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia: experience of using the combined neuroprotective drug Picamilon Ginkgo]
PubMed ID: 36168693
Combination trial (Ginkgo+Picamilon) produced larger cognitive/QoL gains than Ginkgo alone, supporting clarity effects attributable at least in part to Ginkgo.
- Efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a predefined exploratory analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38472398
Large stroke trial (GDLM) showed small but significant MoCA improvements, consistent with modest cognitive/clarity benefit in a vascular setting.
- Investigating the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on the cognitive function of patients undergoing treatment with electric shock: a double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36762332
RCT during ECT showed improved MMSE vs placebo, supporting short‑term cognitive clarity.
- [Therapeutic effect of ginkgo biloba extract on postoperative delirium in aged patients]
PubMed ID: 29804407
EGb761 markedly shortened postoperative delirium duration, indicating faster return of clear mentation.
- Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29507779
Large RCT in ischemic stroke showed clinically meaningful cognitive improvements (MoCA), strong signal for improved clarity.
- [Ginkgo leaves tablet improved the memory quotient of patients with mild cognitive impairment: a clinical observation]
PubMed ID: 24758078
Ginkgo tablet improved overall memory quotient and subcomponents in MCI, which can manifest as better mental clarity.
- [Effects of ginkgo biloba tablet in treating mild cognitive impairment]
PubMed ID: 23185760
1‑year MCI trial reported cognitive test response improvements vs control.
- Effect of Western medicine therapy assisted by Ginkgo biloba tablet on vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia
PubMed ID: 22840457
Small RCT in vascular cognitive impairment showed MoCA domain improvements and increased cerebral blood flow.
- Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg
PubMed ID: 22459264
Large 24‑week RCT found improved SKT cognitive scores versus placebo.
- Efficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22086747
24‑week RCT (EGb 761) showed consistent cognitive test improvements indicating clearer cognition.
- Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms are effect modifiers in Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761®) treatment of dementia with neuropsychiatric features. Retrospective data analyses of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20837354
Dementia subgroup analyses: benefit greater when neuropsychiatric symptoms worse → clearer mental state in affected patients.
- Efficacy and tolerability of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 by type of dementia: analyses of a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19286192
Moderate RCT in dementia showed cognitive/mental-status improvements suggesting clearer thinking.
Focus & concentration (26)
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on cognitive control functions, mental activity of the prefrontal cortex and stress reactivity in elderly adults with subjective memory impairment - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 27147264
EGb 761 reduced task-switching switch-cost (faster cognitive switching) in older adults with subjective memory complaints.
- Comparison of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy on vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia
PubMed ID: 25966264
Ginkgo added to aspirin improved MoCA domain scores including attention/executive components in VCIND.
- Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in mild cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center trial
PubMed ID: 24633934
EGb 761 improved performance on some cognitive tests (TMT), indicating better attention/executive function.
- Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg
PubMed ID: 22459264
MoCA/SKT improvements imply better concentration/attention.
- Efficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22086747
RCT cognitive benefits included attention‑related domains.
- Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21140383
Dementia RCT improvements support faster thinking in symptomatic patients.
- Efficacy and tolerability of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 by type of dementia: analyses of a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19286192
Cognitive test score improvements in dementia imply faster/clearer cognitive processing.
- Ginkgo biloba for the improvement of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17439907
Stroop interference improvement in MS indicates enhanced concentration/mental flexibility.
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: findings from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17704975
Large dementia trial showed cognitive and neuropsychiatric improvement consistent with better concentration.
- Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 17341003
Dementia trial cognitive improvements include domains relevant to concentration.
- Differential cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba after acute and chronic treatment in healthy young volunteers
PubMed ID: 15739076
Acute single‑dose improvements in attention and working‑memory/executive measures indicate better concentration short‑term.
- Effects on cognition and mood in postmenopausal women of 1-week treatment with Ginkgo biloba
PubMed ID: 12895689
Improved frontal‑lobe function and PASAT performance after 7 days suggests concentration benefit.
- Neuropsychological changes after 30-day Ginkgo biloba administration in healthy participants
PubMed ID: 11466162
Working memory and executive-processing gains support better concentration in healthy adults after 30 days.
- An examination of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on the neuropsychologic functioning of cognitively intact older adults
PubMed ID: 10890330
Faster processing speed on cognitive tests in a 6-week trial.
- The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers
PubMed ID: 10441781
Acute dose-related improvements on aspects of memory and psychomotor tasks indicate concentration gains.
- Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia
PubMed ID: 8741021
Dementia RCT improved attention/memory and global functioning, consistent with better concentration.
- Cognitive psychophysiology in nootropic drug research: effects of Ginkgo biloba on event-related potentials (P300) in age-associated memory impairment
PubMed ID: 7491367
Shortened P300 latency (~30–38 ms) directly indicates faster stimulus evaluation/processing speed.
- A double-blind, placebo controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract ('tanakan') in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment
PubMed ID: 2044394
6-month RCT showed improved processing-speed measures vs placebo in older adults with memory impairment.
- [Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]
PubMed ID: 2242846
Large RCT in cerebral insufficiency showed symptomatic cognitive gains including concentration.
- [Drug therapy of disorders of cerebral performance. Randomized comparative study of dihydroergotoxine and Ginkgo biloba extract]
PubMed ID: 2199358
Elderly cerebrovascular RCT reported psychometric improvements consistent with concentration benefits.
- [Treatment of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia: experience of using the combined neuroprotective drug Picamilon Ginkgo]
PubMed ID: 36168693
Combination therapy produced larger cognitive/QoL gains including concentration measures.
- A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of dietary supplementation on cognitive and immune functioning in healthy older adults
PubMed ID: 24495355
Ginkgo‑based formula improved executive function (TMT‑B) and verbal fluency — supports concentration.
- Efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a predefined exploratory analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38472398
MoCA improvements after GDLM suggest modest domain‑specific gains including attention/concentration in stroke patients.
- Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with 'Optimal' and 'Sub-Optimal' Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36501109
Attention improvements in multinutrient RCT (Stroop) point to better concentration in a diet‑dependent subgroup.
- Investigating the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on the cognitive function of patients undergoing treatment with electric shock: a double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36762332
Post‑ECT trial showed improved MMSE/WMS scores shortly after treatment, implying faster cognitive recovery and processing.
- Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29507779
Post‑stroke cognitive gains with EGb761 likely include gains in attention/concentration (MoCA/NIHSS improvements).
Illness recovery (18)
- Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba Extract Combined with Hormones in the Treatment of Sudden Deafness and Its Effect on the Reactivity of Peripheral Blood T Cell Subsets
PubMed ID: 36199780
Adding Ginkgo to steroid therapy for sudden deafness increased short‑term hearing recovery rates and improved hemorheology/T‑cell markers.
- Efficacy of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine injection in elderly patients with ischemic stroke: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35994847
Post‑hoc data showed higher rates of good 90‑day outcome after stroke with ginkgo diterpene product — faster/ better recovery.
- Antiplatelet effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection in acute ischemic stroke: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36609866
GDLI + aspirin in AIS reduced platelet activation and was associated with higher odds of good outcome at day 90.
- [Effects of Ginaton on the markers of myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass]
PubMed ID: 16688997
Adding Ginkgo extract during cardiopulmonary bypass reduced CK‑MB and troponin release post-op, indicating reduced myocardial injury and faster biochemical recovery.
- Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 or pentoxifylline for the treatment of sudden deafness: a randomized, reference-controlled, double-blind study
PubMed ID: 11583389
Ginkgo matched pentoxifylline in improving hearing measures in sudden deafness—supports recovery-facilitating effect.
- Effect of treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 (oral) on unilateral idiopathic sudden hearing loss in a prospective randomized double-blind study of 106 outpatients
PubMed ID: 11548897
Randomized dose-ranging study showed higher-dose EGb 761 sped and improved recovery from sudden sensorineural hearing loss (robust clinical recovery endpoint).
- The efficacy of Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 in patients with tinnitus
PubMed ID: 12051570
Study (infusion + oral) showed moderate improvements in tinnitus volume and some hearing/self-assessed measures — suggests facilitation of recovery/rehabilitation in auditory conditions.
- The effect of Ginkgo biloba on functional outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23871729
In acute ischemic stroke, Ginkgo markedly increased the proportion achieving major NIHSS improvement compared with placebo (clinically meaningful recovery signal).
- Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29507779
Large RCT after ischemic stroke showed improved cognitive and functional recovery and higher independence rate with EGb761.
- [Effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba on magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning]
PubMed ID: 28355708
Ginaton added to routine therapy improved MRI lesions and EEG after CO poisoning, suggesting faster neurologic recovery.
- [Therapeutic effect of ginkgo biloba extract on postoperative delirium in aged patients]
PubMed ID: 29804407
EGb761 shortened postoperative delirium duration substantially (median 16 vs 48 hours), indicating faster recovery from POD.
- Efficacy of Getong Tongluo Capsule () for Convalescent-Phase of Ischemic Stroke and Primary Hypertension: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 33037518
Convalescent ischemic stroke trial found better functional/neurological recovery with Ginkgo vs placebo.
- Efficacy and Safety of Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37578791
Large RCT showed significantly higher proportions with good functional recovery (mRS) at 90 days after IV ginkgo diterpene meglumine — direct evidence of faster/better recovery post‑stroke.
- Evaluating the role of Ginkgo biloba extract in the secondary prevention of acute ischemic stroke with cerebral microbleeds by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)
PubMed ID: 37812205
EGb 761 added to aspirin increased cerebral venous O2 saturation and correlated with better function over months — supports faster/better recovery in cerebrovascular patients.
- Efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a predefined exploratory analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38472398
GDLM improved early cognitive outcomes (MoCA) after ischemic events, supporting earlier aspects of recovery.
- To assess the Ginkgo biloba extracts and vestibular rehabilitation training for improving prognosis in vestibular neuritis
PubMed ID: 40996182
In vestibular neuritis, adding Ginkgo to rehabilitation shortened recovery time and improved postural stability and QoL.
- Comparative Analysis of Therapeutic Methods for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
PubMed ID: 40747816
Ginaton regimens in SSNHL had high hearing‑improvement rates and improved blood rheology — consistent with faster auditory recovery in that sample.
- Efficacy of EGb 761(®) and Betahistine in Treatment of Dizziness/Vertigo: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 41487075
EGb 761 produced large, rapid reductions in dizziness severity (benefit evident by 2 weeks) — indicates quicker symptomatic recovery in unexplained dizziness.
Healthy aging (17)
- [Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]
PubMed ID: 2242846
Early symptomatic improvements in cerebral insufficiency often occur in older patients — supports aging‑related symptomatic benefit.
- Effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on the quality of life in patients with acute ischemic stroke
PubMed ID: 39548582
Large RCT showed sustained EQ‑VAS and multiple QoL domain improvements after ischemic stroke — supports functional aging outcomes.
- Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of elderly ischemic cerebrovascular disease
PubMed ID: 39340861
Elderly ischemic cerebrovascular trial improved NIHSS/Barthel and reduced inflammatory markers — supports healthy aging.
- Efficacy of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine injection in elderly patients with ischemic stroke: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35994847
Post‑hoc RCT subgroup showed higher rates of good 90‑day functional outcome and QoL improvements with ginkgo diterpene product.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba extracts for the improvement of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people
PubMed ID: 38972848
Combined extract improved cognitive scores and lowered tau species in middle‑aged/elderly participants — consistent with healthy brain aging, though combined product limits attribution.
- [Effects of ginkgo biloba tablet in treating mild cognitive impairment]
PubMed ID: 23185760
One‑year MCI trial reported lower short‑term dementia conversion and better cognitive response rates.
- Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21140383
Moderately large RCT with cognition/behavior improvements in dementia consistent with healthy-aging symptomatic support.
- Efficacy and tolerability of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 by type of dementia: analyses of a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19286192
RCT evidence of symptomatic cognitive/neuropsychiatric benefit in dementia supports symptomatic aging-related support.
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: findings from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17704975
Consistent dementia benefits at 240 mg/day suggest support for age-related cognitive decline.
- Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 17341003
Large dementia trial showing cognitive and functional benefits supports healthy brain aging in affected individuals.
- [Clinical study on treatment of mild cognitive impairment by modified wuzi yanzong granule]
PubMed ID: 15199619
MCI improvements in memory and oxidative markers support delaying cognitive decline associated with aging.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings
PubMed ID: 12404671
Large trial in older cognitively intact adults demonstrated objective improvements in delayed memory — relevant to healthy cognitive aging.
- A 26-week analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia
PubMed ID: 10867450
Large 26-week RCT in dementia showed small but significant cognitive and daily living improvements — supports some aging-related cognitive benefit.
- A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group
PubMed ID: 9343463
Year-long modest cognitive and functional benefits in older adults suggest support for healthy aging cognition.
- Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia
PubMed ID: 8741021
Large dementia RCT found multidomain benefits in Alzheimer/multi-infarct dementia, relevant to healthy cognitive aging support.
- [Treatment of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia: experience of using the combined neuroprotective drug Picamilon Ginkgo]
PubMed ID: 36168693
Combination trials in chronic cerebral ischemia produced cognitive and QoL benefits in older patients.
- Efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a predefined exploratory analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38472398
GDLM improved MoCA modestly post‑stroke — small cognitive preservation signal relevant to healthy aging.
Mood balance (22)
- [Value of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in the management of congestive symptoms of premenstrual syndrome]
PubMed ID: 8235261
Large multicenter trial found EGb 761 reduced neuropsychological complaints in PMS, indicating mood symptom benefit.
- [Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]
PubMed ID: 2242846
Early symptom improvements in cerebral insufficiency included affective/mood‑related symptoms.
- Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia
PubMed ID: 8741021
Dementia trial reported behavioral/psychopathology improvements alongside cognitive gains.
- [Effectiveness of brief infusions with Ginkgo biloba Special Extract EGb 761 in dementia of the vascular and Alzheimer type]
PubMed ID: 8974721
IV EGb reduced depression and improved behavior in moderate dementia cohort.
- [Therapeutic effect of shuxuening combining neuroleptics for the treatment of chronic schizophrenia--a double blind study]
PubMed ID: 9863076
Large add-on RCT in chronic schizophrenia produced clinically meaningful reductions in psychiatric ratings.
- The effects of classic antipsychotic haloperidol plus the extract of ginkgo biloba on superoxide dismutase in patients with chronic refractory schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 11721446
Add-on to haloperidol produced greater symptom improvement vs haloperidol alone, indicating mood/psychosis symptom benefit.
- Reduction of rise in blood pressure and cortisol release during stress by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 12369732
Acute reduction in stress-induced BP and prevention of cortisol rise in a subgroup — physiological basis for reduced mood/anxiety reactivity.
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba on mental functioning in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 14602503
4‑week RCT in healthy older volunteers improved self‑rated mental health and quality of life (subjective mood benefit).
- [The effect of ginkgo biloba on healthy elderly subjects]
PubMed ID: 15117063
4‑week randomized double‑blind trial found consistent subjective improvements in emotional well‑being and reductions in depression/fatigue.
- Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16808927
Randomized GAD/adjustment disorder trial showed dose‑responsive, significant anxiety reductions (HAMA).
- Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 17341003
Dementia trial improved neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI), indicating mood/behavioral benefits.
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: findings from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17704975
Reduced neuropsychiatric symptom composite and caregiver distress — supports mood/behavior balance.
- A placebo-controlled study of extract of ginkgo biloba added to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 18545061
Adjunct Ginkgo reduced negative symptoms in schizophrenia (affect/social withdrawal improvement).
- Efficacy and tolerability of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 by type of dementia: analyses of a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19286192
Improvements in neuropsychiatric scores (NPI/HAMD) in dementia indicate mood/behavior benefits.
- A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba L. in treatment of premenstrual syndrome
PubMed ID: 19678774
RCT in PMS showed substantial reductions in psychological symptoms (strong mood-related benefit).
- Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21140383
Dementia trial showed improved neuropsychiatric symptoms, consistent with mood stabilization.
- Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms are effect modifiers in Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761®) treatment of dementia with neuropsychiatric features. Retrospective data analyses of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20837354
Greater net benefit in dementia patients with worse baseline neuropsychiatric features.
- Efficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22086747
NPI neuropsychiatric score improved in RCT (behavioral/mood symptoms reduced).
- Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg
PubMed ID: 22459264
24‑week RCT produced significant NPI improvements (behavioral symptoms).
- Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in mild cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center trial
PubMed ID: 24633934
EGb 761 produced clinically meaningful improvements on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory in MCI with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
- [Treatment of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms in cerebrovascular disease]
PubMed ID: 24874315
EGb 761 reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms over 24 weeks in cerebrovascular cognitive impairment patients.
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of Ginkgo biloba dropping pill (GBDP) on stable angina pectoris complicated with depression: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study
PubMed ID: 38430820
In stable angina patients, adding Ginkgo dropping pill improved depressive symptoms (HAMD) and QoL over 12 weeks — direct mood benefit in this population.
Antioxidant (10)
- Ginkgo biloba for Tardive Dyskinesia and Plasma MnSOD Activity: Association with MnSOD Ala-9Val Variant: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial
PubMed ID: 38919004
EGb 761 increased plasma MnSOD activity alongside clinical improvement in tardive dyskinesia — strong biomarker evidence of antioxidant action.
- Treatment of Alzheimer's disease with a cholinesterase inhibitor combined with antioxidants
PubMed ID: 20224285
Antioxidant multi‑ingredient formula including Ginkgo reduced oxidative stress markers in AD patients.
- The improvement of oxidative stress by two proprietary herbal medicines in type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30219436
Long-term trial with Ginkgo plus another herbal product showed marked reductions in oxidative stress markers (CML, 8-IsoP) though Ginkgo was combined with other herbs.
- The effects of classic antipsychotic haloperidol plus the extract of ginkgo biloba on superoxide dismutase in patients with chronic refractory schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 11721446
Add-on trial in schizophrenia lowered SOD levels and showed clinical improvement, consistent with antioxidant-mediated effects.
- [Brain protective effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract (ginaton) in patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass]
PubMed ID: 17058828
Perioperative IV Ginkgo increased SOD activity and reduced MDA (lipid peroxidation), indicating antioxidant effects.
- [Erythrocyte protective effects of ginaton in patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass]
PubMed ID: 20669670
Cardiac surgery RCT: reduced erythrocyte/plasma MDA and increased antioxidant enzymes with Ginaton.
- A new ginkgo fresh plant extract increases microcirculation and radical scavenging activity in elderly patients
PubMed ID: 22120894
Fresh‑plant extract increased hepatic reduced glutathione and improved microcirculation in elderly.
- The effect of extract of ginkgo biloba added to haloperidol on superoxide dismutase in inpatients with chronic schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 11199954
Adjunctive study reported decreases in blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels consistent with changes in oxidative-stress markers / antioxidant activity.
- [Clinical study on treatment of mild cognitive impairment by modified wuzi yanzong granule]
PubMed ID: 15199619
MCI study reported reduced oxidative stress markers (↑SOD, ↓MDA) with ginkgo.
- The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract added to haloperidol on peripheral T cell subsets in drug-free schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16906395
Adjunct schizophrenia trial lowered SOD levels and altered immune markers — biological antioxidant/oxidative stress effects.
Nerve health (6)
- Ginkgo biloba special extract LI 1370 improves dual-task walking in patients with MCI: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study
PubMed ID: 28181206
In MCI patients, standardized Ginkgo improved cadence under a working‑memory dual‑task — a functional balance/gait benefit under cognitive load.
- The homeopathic preparation Vertigoheel versus Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of vertigo in an elderly population: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 15750375
Randomized trial in elderly with atherosclerotic vertigo demonstrated substantial reduction in dizziness/vertigo scores (balance‑relevant).
- Efficacy of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine injection in elderly patients with ischemic stroke: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35994847
Stroke functional outcome improvements (mRS) imply better mobility/balance in many patients.
- Effectiveness and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) in the treatment of dizziness caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35294126
GBE50 trial in cerebral arteriosclerosis‑related dizziness improved DHI and related symptoms, consistent with better balance.
- To assess the Ginkgo biloba extracts and vestibular rehabilitation training for improving prognosis in vestibular neuritis
PubMed ID: 40996182
Randomized trial in vestibular neuritis found that adding Ginkgo extracts to vestibular rehabilitation shortened recovery time and improved postural stability and QoL — direct balance benefit.
- Efficacy of EGb 761(®) and Betahistine in Treatment of Dizziness/Vertigo: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 41487075
EGb 761 gave large reductions in dizziness severity and DHI scores similar to betahistine, with benefits evident quickly — strong symptomatic/balance benefit in unexplained dizziness.
Endurance (8)
- Ginkgo biloba decreases acute mountain sickness in people ascending to high altitude at Ollagüe (3696 m) in northern Chile
PubMed ID: 18076292
Ginkgo prevented AMS and preserved SpO2 at altitude, consistent with preserved physical capacity/endurance.
- New Nutraceutical Combination Reduces Blood Pressure and Improves Exercise Capacity in Hypertensive Patients Via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism
PubMed ID: 32078787
AkP05 (contains Ginkgo) increased VO2max and exercise capacity in hypertensives; multi‑ingredient but shows exercise capacity benefit in product containing Ginkgo.
- A Randomized Controlled Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba Combined with Nicorandil in Patients with HFmrEF
PubMed ID: 39894554
In HFmrEF patients, adding Ginkgo (with nicorandil) improved 6MWD and exercise tolerance — supports improved stamina though therapy was combined.
- [Placebo-controlled double-blind study of the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in trained patients with intermittent claudication]
PubMed ID: 8967154
Well-controlled trial in intermittent claudication produced clinically relevant increases in pain-free walking distance over 24 weeks.
- A clinical trial of Gingkco Biloba Extract in patients with intermittent claudication
PubMed ID: 2254678
Six‑month RCT in intermittent claudication showed increased walking distance (objective stamina measure).
- EGb 761 in control of acute mountain sickness and vascular reactivity to cold exposure
PubMed ID: 8725471
Marked reduction in acute mountain sickness and improved peripheral vascular reactivity during ascent suggests preserved exercise/functional capacity at altitude.
- Demonstration of the efficacy of ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 on intermittent claudication--a placebo-controlled, double-blind multicenter trial
PubMed ID: 9612115
Multicenter RCT in peripheral arterial disease significantly increased pain-free walking distance vs placebo.
- Comparison of two dosages of ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease Fontaine's stage IIb. A randomised, double-blind, multicentric clinical trial
PubMed ID: 10604042
Dose-response trial: 240 mg/day produced much larger increases in pain-free walking distance than 120 mg.
Alertness (8)
- Effects on cognition and mood in postmenopausal women of 1-week treatment with Ginkgo biloba
PubMed ID: 12895689
One‑week study showed improved sustained attention (PASAT) in postmenopausal women.
- Differential cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba after acute and chronic treatment in healthy young volunteers
PubMed ID: 15739076
Single dose produced acute improvements in sustained attention in young adults (strong acute alertness signal).
- Ginkgo biloba decreases acute mountain sickness in people ascending to high altitude at Ollagüe (3696 m) in northern Chile
PubMed ID: 18076292
Altitude study: Ginkgo prevented AMS and preserved SpO2 and function, consistent with maintained alertness at altitude.
- Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with 'Optimal' and 'Sub-Optimal' Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36501109
Subgroup showed improved attention on an incongruent Stroop task — indicates a signal for increased alertness/attention (multinutrient product).
- [Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]
PubMed ID: 2242846
Cerebral insufficiency trial reported rapid symptomatic improvements that plausibly include increased alertness.
- Cognitive psychophysiology in nootropic drug research: effects of Ginkgo biloba on event-related potentials (P300) in age-associated memory impairment
PubMed ID: 7491367
Shortened P300 latency consistent with increased cortical alertness/processing speed.
- An examination of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on the neuropsychologic functioning of cognitively intact older adults
PubMed ID: 10890330
Faster processing speed demonstrated in 6-week randomized trial in older adults.
- Neuropsychological changes after 30-day Ginkgo biloba administration in healthy participants
PubMed ID: 11466162
Improvements in speed of information processing and executive functions after 30 days.
Eye health (6)
- [Treatment of Early Diabetic Retinopathy by Liuwei Dihuang Pill Combined Ginkao Leaf Tablet]
PubMed ID: 27491224
24‑month randomized trial adding Ginkgo leaf tablet to Liuwei Dihuang Pill markedly reduced diabetic retinopathy incidence and prevalence — strong clinical eye‑health outcome.
- The effects of antioxidants on ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma
PubMed ID: 28772005
Supplement (including Ginkgo) increased retinal and retrobulbar blood flow in glaucoma patients — supports ocular perfusion.
- Clinical Efficacy of an Eyedrop Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Ginkgo Biloba in the Management of Dry Eye Disease Induced by Cataract Surgery
PubMed ID: 35442771
Randomized post‑cataract trial of HA + Ginkgo eyedrops improved TBUT and OSDI vs control — direct ocular surface benefit.
- [Ginkgo extract in impaired vision--treatment with special extract EGb 761 of impaired vision due to dry senile macular degeneration]
PubMed ID: 12244891
Higher-dose ginkgo produced small but noticeable improvements in visual acuity in dry AMD over 6 months (direct ocular benefit).
- Clinical efficacy of a Ginkgo biloba extract in the topical treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
PubMed ID: 19396774
Topical Ginkgo-containing drops improved signs/symptoms in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (direct ocular benefit).
- Short-term effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma
PubMed ID: 21976939
Placebo‑controlled RCT in normal‑tension glaucoma demonstrated increased peripapillary retinal blood flow, volume and velocity.
Stress resilience (5)
- [The effect of ginkgo biloba on healthy elderly subjects]
PubMed ID: 15117063
Reductions in depression, fatigue and improvements in emotional well‑being suggest a lowered subjective stress response.
- The effect of Ginkgo biloba and Camellia sinensis extracts on psychological state and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 25918808
Long-term Ginkgo reduced perceived stress and improved psychological QoL in T2DM patients at 9–18 months.
- Dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhances the endurance performance in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 19568709
Rhodiola+Ginkgo combination prevented cortisol rises vs placebo (strong PD signal) — effect cannot be solely attributed to Ginkgo.
- Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16808927
GAD/adjustment disorder trial produced large anxiolytic effects, indicating lowered stress-related symptoms.
- Reduction of rise in blood pressure and cortisol release during stress by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 12369732
Single 120 mg dose reduced stress-induced BP spike and prevented cortisol rise in a male subgroup — clear acute antistress physiological effect.
Energy & Fatigue (4)
- Ginkgo biloba decreases acute mountain sickness in people ascending to high altitude at Ollagüe (3696 m) in northern Chile
PubMed ID: 18076292
Prevention of AMS and preserved oxygen saturation at altitude aligns with maintained energy and function.
- New Nutraceutical Combination Reduces Blood Pressure and Improves Exercise Capacity in Hypertensive Patients Via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism
PubMed ID: 32078787
AkP05 (contains Ginkgo) increased VO2max and exercise capacity and improved exercise duration — translates to more perceived energy/ capacity.
- A Randomized Controlled Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba Combined with Nicorandil in Patients with HFmrEF
PubMed ID: 39894554
HFmrEF patients reported improved exercise tolerance and patient‑reported outcomes after addition of Ginkgo+nicorandil, consistent with increased perceived energy.
- EGb 761 in control of acute mountain sickness and vascular reactivity to cold exposure
PubMed ID: 8725471
Prevention of acute mountain sickness and preserved peripheral reactivity at altitude could be experienced as better energy/less fatigue.
Ear health (3)
- Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(®) versus pentoxifylline in chronic tinnitus: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29855986
Large RCT found EGb761 produced comparable small improvements in tinnitus measures to pentoxifylline, with better tolerability.
- Clinical randomized trial study of hearing aids effectiveness in association with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on tinnitus improvement
PubMed ID: 31300303
Small randomized trial reported reduced THI (tinnitus handicap) after 90 days of EGb761.
- The efficacy of Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 in patients with tinnitus
PubMed ID: 12051570
Trial with infusion followed by oral EGb 761 reported moderate but statistically better reductions in tinnitus volume and subjective impairment vs placebo.
Inflammation (3)
- Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of elderly ischemic cerebrovascular disease
PubMed ID: 39340861
Direct report of lowered inflammatory markers (duplicate entry to emphasize strength).
- [Effects of Ginaton on the markers of myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass]
PubMed ID: 16688997
Adding Ginkgo extract during cardiopulmonary bypass reduced CRP and myocardial injury markers post-op—consistent with reduced inflammatory response in surgery.
- [Effect of extract of Gingko biloba on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with early diabetic nephropathy]
PubMed ID: 17650793
Significant decreases in sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in diabetic nephropathy indicate anti-inflammatory effects.
Sexual wellness (1)
- Short- and long-term effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on sexual dysfunction in women
PubMed ID: 18274887
Acute single-dose study showed modest increases in genital blood-flow (VPA); combined therapy showed some subjective gains (limited but direct evidence).
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Ginkgo Biloba
Search all3422 products whose verified label declares Ginkgo Biloba — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.