Soy Isoflavones
16 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
156 products in our catalogue print how much Soy Isoflavones a serving holds.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 39% of 156 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg or less | 7 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 3 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 12 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 31 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 61 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 34 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 7 |
| over 250 mg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research
251 study groups in 183 studies say how much Soy Isoflavones participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 44% of 251 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg or less | 7 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 9 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 4 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 43 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 111 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 60 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 3 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 2 |
| over 1 g | 12 |
Commonly used together
107 of 253 study groups took Soy Isoflavones with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Soy Protein | 29 |
| Calcium | 22 |
| soy protein isolate | 16 |
| Vitamin D | 13 |
| Isolated soy protein | 7 |
| Probiotics | 4 |
| Fiber | 3 |
| Resveratrol | 3 |
| prenatal vitamin (Rugby Prenavite Prenatal Formula) | 3 |
Benefit Evidence
Hot flashes/symptoms −40–61%
Estrogen metabolism +31% ratio
Androgens/FSH down
Hot flashes/symptoms −40–61%
Estrogen metabolism +31% ratio
Androgens/FSH down
Research sources
Heart health (42)
- NMR analysis of lipoprotein particle size does not increase sensitivity to the effect of soy protein on CVD risk when compared with the traditional lipid profile
PubMed ID: 18461102
Raised HDL3‑C and affected hepatic lipase in young men — possible favorable lipid-related cardiac effect.
- A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins
PubMed ID: 10510993
Randomized trial showed modest but significant decreases in total and LDL cholesterol.
- Isoflavones improve vascular reactivity in post-menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 15230485
Improved endothelium-independent vasodilation and trend to better endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic women.
- Effects of soy isoflavones on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 15879919
6-month RCT demonstrated improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and lower adhesion molecules (direct vascular/heart-protective findings).
- Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on some predictors of cardiovascular risk in osteopenic, postmenopausal women: a two-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 17682090
Genistein improved fasting glucose/insulin and reduced vascular inflammation markers (24-month RCT), relevant to heart risk.
- Effect of exercise training combined with isoflavone supplementation on bone and lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23165609
Two‑year trial observed LDL reductions with isoflavones consistent with heart‑protective lipid changes.
- Soy isoflavones interact with calcium and contribute to blood pressure homeostasis in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31535213
Internal isoflavone exposure associated with small decreases in diastolic BP and conditional SBP reductions in per‑protocol analyses.
- Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 9848502
Six-month randomized trial showed improved non-HDL and HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemics.
- Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 9734729
Six-month trial in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women showed reduced non-HDL and increased HDL plus increased LDL-receptor mRNA.
- Dietary soy has both beneficial and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 11443167
Large trial showed systolic BP reduction and improved LDL:HDL ratio, though some mixed vascular findings (Lp[a] increase).
- Effect of soy protein-containing isoflavones on lipoproteins in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17019375
Short-term decreases in total and LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number in postmenopausal women — atherogenic lipid improvements.
- Soy-tibolone combination - effect on lipids in postmenopausal monkeys and women
PubMed ID: 18687539
Soy modestly reduced LDL in tibolone-treated women, improving a heart risk factor (RCT).
- Effect of soy protein foods on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and ex vivo sex hormone receptor activity--a controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 10778882
Reduced oxidized LDL, a cardiovascular risk marker.
- Soy in hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 11965512
Modest but significant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol within 6 weeks—beneficial for heart risk.
- Soy milk lowers blood pressure in men and women with mild to moderate essential hypertension
PubMed ID: 12097666
Randomized double-blind trial: soy milk twice daily for 3 months produced large, significant reductions in systolic/diastolic BP.
- [The effects of phytoestrogen on blood pressure and lipids in healthy volunteers]
PubMed ID: 17081400
Large RCT showing clinically meaningful reductions in systolic/diastolic blood pressure and improved LDL/HDL ratio and triglycerides.
- Pasta naturally enriched with isoflavone aglycons from soy germ reduces serum lipids and improves markers of cardiovascular risk
PubMed ID: 17885010
Isoflavone-enriched pasta improved arterial stiffness and reduced hsCRP in hypercholesterolemic adults (RCT).
- Whole soy, but not purified daidzein, had a favorable effect on improvement of cardiovascular risks: a 6-month randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in equol-producing postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 24273218
6‑month RCT in equol‑producing postmenopausal women reduced LDL and hs‑CRP (cardiometabolic benefit).
- Effect of soy nuts and equol status on blood pressure, lipids and inflammation in postmenopausal women stratified by metabolic syndrome status
PubMed ID: 25441251
8‑week soy‑nut trial lowered BP (systolic/diastolic) and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women, especially in equol producers and MetS—strong clinical BP/heart support in susceptible subgroups.
- Effects of soy isoflavones on serum lipids and lipoprotein (a) in peritoneal dialysis patients
PubMed ID: 32513581
Isoflavone supplementation lowered Lp(a) and raised HDL‑C in a randomized trial—favorable cardiac risk changes.
- The effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on metabolic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38773414
NAFLD RCT: 100 mg/day isoflavones (12 wks) significantly lowered triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol.
- The effect of isolated soy protein on plasma biomarkers in elderly men with elevated serum prostate specific antigen
PubMed ID: 11125428
Pilot crossover showed short-term decrease in serum cholesterol in older men.
- Dietary combination of soy with a probiotic or prebiotic food significantly reduces total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects
PubMed ID: 17940545
Dietary soy combinations reduced total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults.
- Equol status and blood lipid profile in hyperlipidemia after consumption of diets containing soy foods
PubMed ID: 22301925
Soy foods lowered LDL; equol producers preserved HDL/apoA‑I — clinically relevant lipid effects.
- Probiotic consumption does not enhance the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 15570025
Small but significant lipid improvements, stronger in higher-baseline-cholesterol subgroup.
- Probiotic Soy Product Supplemented with Isoflavones Improves the Lipid Profile of Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26797632
Fermented soy + isoflavones produced meaningful reductions in total and LDL cholesterol — cardiovascular risk markers improved.
- Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women
PubMed ID: 10100174
Modest reductions in LDL and diastolic BP in perimenopausal women—clinically relevant heart-supporting changes.
- Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women
PubMed ID: 12145008
Controlled feeding study showed reductions in total cholesterol, oxidized LDL and estimated CAD risk (~10% reduced risk).
- Benefits of soy isoflavone therapeutic regimen on menopausal symptoms
PubMed ID: 11864664
100 mg/day isoflavone for 4 months lowered total and LDL cholesterol in RCT.
- The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 12780746
Soy protein with isoflavones improved LDL, TG and LDL:HDL ratio in postmenopausal women.
- Effects of dietary intake of soy protein and isoflavones on cardiovascular disease risk factors in high risk, middle-aged men in Scotland
PubMed ID: 14963058
5-week RCT in high-risk men showed significant reductions in systolic/diastolic BP and some cholesterol measures (direct cardiovascular endpoints).
- Benefits of soy germ isoflavones in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy
PubMed ID: 15283929
6-month RCT in postmenopausal women reduced hot flushes and improved LDL/HDL (lipid improvements relevant to heart risk).
- Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17084566
16‑week trial: 25 g/day soy protein substantially lowered total (−29 mg/dL) and LDL (−24 mg/dL), supporting cardiovascular risk improvement.
- Effect of soy nuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive, and normotensive postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17533209
Soy nuts lowered systolic/diastolic BP notably in hypertensive postmenopausal women (crossover trial).
- Effect of soy nuts on adhesion molecules and markers of inflammation in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 18572041
Soy nuts lowered endothelial adhesion marker (sVCAM‑1) in hypertensive postmenopausal women, suggesting vascular benefit.
- Effects of soy bean on serum paraoxonase 1 activity and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 18608549
Lowered LDL and total cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women — favorable cardiac risk profile.
- Effect of soy protein and isoflavones on blood pressure and endothelial cytokines: a 6-month randomized controlled trial among postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 23203140
6‑month RCT showed no overall BP change but meaningful SBP reduction (~4.25%) in pre/hypertensive subgroup and lowered sICAM‑1, supporting conditional BP/vascular benefit.
- Effects of natural S-equol supplements on overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Japanese, based on sex and equol status
PubMed ID: 22469418
S‑equol (12‑week) lowered HbA1c, LDL and arterial stiffness (CAVI) in overweight Japanese—supports cardiometabolic/vascular benefit for equol/S‑equol users.
- The effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28391910
Controlled feeding trial: soy/plant-protein diets substantially lowered total and LDL cholesterol vs animal/dairy — heart-risk marker benefit.
- Effect of Soy in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Subclinical Hypogonadism: A Randomized Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 27797674
In men with T2DM, soy protein with isoflavones improved HbA1c, HOMA‑IR, triglycerides, CRP and DBP without lowering testosterone.
- Soy isoflavones improve cardiovascular disease risk markers in women during the early menopause
PubMed ID: 29739677
Soy protein + isoflavones lowered SBP, improved metabolic markers and substantially reduced modeled 10‑yr CHD risk.
- Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in women treated for climacteric symptoms with acupuncture, phytoestrogens, or hormones
PubMed ID: 32852460
Phytoestrogens produced clinically meaningful SBP/DBP reductions (8.4/6.6 mmHg) in RCT.
Hormone balance (41)
- Impact of a soy drink on climacteric symptoms: an open-label, crossover, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26806546
Daily soy drink for 12 weeks reduced total climacteric symptoms and improved MRS domains including urogenital symptoms.
- Effect of isoflavone soy protein supplementation on endometrial thickness, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23422867
3‑year RCT showed no endometrial thickening or increased hyperplasia/cancer risk—supports endocrine safety (hormone balance) for long‑term use.
- A pilot study on the effects of S-equol compared to soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flash frequency
PubMed ID: 22409590
S‑equol randomized trial produced clear, dose‑dependent hot‑flash reductions, especially in high‑burden women.
- Urinary estrogen metabolites during a randomized soy trial
PubMed ID: 22293063
High‑soy diet shifted estrogen metabolism (decreased 16α‑OH E1 and ↑ 2:16 ratio), a hormonally relevant change.
- Equol production changes over time in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 21775122
Large longitudinal analysis established ~30% prevalence of equol producers and relative stability—important for isoflavone endocrine effects.
- [Effect of milk product with soy isoflavones on quality of life and bone metabolism in postmenopausal Spanish women: randomized trial]
PubMed ID: 22024564
12‑month soy product improved overall menopause and vasomotor QoL domains significantly (moderate evidence).
- The effect of dietary soy supplementation compared to estrogen and placebo on menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20833488
90 mg/day soy improved somatic symptoms including hot‑flashes similarly to low‑dose HT in a 16‑week RCT.
- Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women
PubMed ID: 19411814
High‑dose isoflavones improved menopause‑specific quality of life (MENQOL) in recently menopausal women (randomized trial).
- Effect of intestinal production of equol on menopausal symptoms in women treated with soy isoflavones
PubMed ID: 18395723
Randomized trial showing reductions in hot flashes and sweating but only in equol producers (subgroup‑specific benefit).
- Randomized clinical trial comparing conjugated equine estrogens and isoflavones in postmenopausal women: a pilot study
PubMed ID: 16257151
Isoflavone extract produced menopausal symptom relief similar to estrogen over 6 months (Kupperman index includes hot flushes).
- Benefits of soy germ isoflavones in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy
PubMed ID: 15283929
Clear reduction in hot flush frequency/severity (44% reduction) in a 6-month RCT (direct and substantial effect).
- Benefits of soy isoflavone therapeutic regimen on menopausal symptoms
PubMed ID: 11864664
100 mg/day isoflavone for 4 months reduced menopausal symptom scores vs placebo in RCT.
- Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women
PubMed ID: 10100174
Perimenopausal trial reported reduced vasomotor (hot-flush) severity with soy—positive symptomatic outcome.
- Influence of equol and resveratrol supplementation on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 28041599
Fermented soy (equol) with resveratrol improved menopause rating scale items markedly vs placebo (combination product).
- Nonhormonal management of postmenopausal women: effects of a red clover based isoflavones supplementation on climacteric syndrome and cardiovascular risk serum profile
PubMed ID: 24283160
Red‑clover/soy isoflavone supplement produced prompt and sustained reduction in hot flush frequency vs placebo—strong symptomatic evidence (combination product included soy).
- The impact of combined nutraceutical supplementation on quality of life and metabolic changes during the menopausal transition: a pilot randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28852842
Pilot randomized study: multi‑ingredient nutraceutical containing phytoestrogens improved perimenopausal symptoms over 6 months but attribution to soy alone is uncertain.
- Influence of a new botanical combination on quality of life in menopausal Spanish women: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 34288973
8‑week RCT of a multi‑herbal formula containing soy isoflavones improved menopausal QoL/vasomotor symptoms (attribution to soy uncertain).
- Effects of Glycine max (L.) Merr. soy isoflavone vaginal gel on epithelium morphology and estrogen receptor expression in postmenopausal women: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24856055
Topical vaginal soy isoflavone gel improved urogenital atrophy symptoms in postmenopausal women, a component of menopausal symptom relief (local effect).
- Effects of standardized phytoestrogen on Taiwanese menopausal women
PubMed ID: 22795099
Daily soy extract reduced menopausal symptom scores in an open‑label randomized dosing study.
- Soy germ isoflavones improve menopausal symptoms but have no effect on blood lipids in early postmenopausal Chinese women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22278344
Dose‑dependent, clinically meaningful reductions in hot flush frequency and Kupperman index over 24 weeks (strong positive RCT evidence).
- [Effect of soy isoflavones on peri-menopausal symptom and estrogen]
PubMed ID: 20364590
120 mg/day isoflavones for 8 weeks reduced hot‑flash frequency and Kuppermann scores, with associated hormonal shifts.
- Disposition of soy isoflavones in normal human breast tissue
PubMed ID: 20164315
Isoflavones are measurable in breast tissue at concentrations that could interact with ERβ—mechanistic evidence of endocrine activity.
- Soy extract phytoestrogens with high dose of isoflavones for menopausal symptoms
PubMed ID: 20025635
Large RCT showing a substantial reduction (~36–41%) in moderate‑to‑severe hot flush frequency versus placebo.
- New equol supplement for relieving menopausal symptoms: randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Japanese women
PubMed ID: 19131846
S‑equol improved several menopausal symptom domains (mood-related) in equol nonproducers (RCT with clear benefit for symptoms).
- The association between soy nut consumption and decreased menopausal symptoms
PubMed ID: 17439381
Soy-nut diet reduced hot flashes by ~45% in a randomized crossover trial — clinically meaningful benefit.
- Efficacy and safety of a soy isoflavone extract in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 17913408
100 mg/day isoflavone extract over 10 months produced large, significant reductions in hot-flush frequency and severity versus placebo.
- The effect of soy consumption on the urinary 2:16-hydroxyestrone ratio in postmenopausal women depends on equol production status but is not influenced by probiotic consumption
PubMed ID: 15735101
Soy increased favorable estrogen metabolites (2‑OHE) only in equol producers — evidence of hormone metabolite modulation in a biologically defined subgroup.
- Effects of soy isoflavones on menopausal neurovegetative symptoms
PubMed ID: 15531858
Dose-related reductions in hot flush frequency and menopausal symptom scores reported.
- Effects of a standardized soy extract on hot flushes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 12218721
RCT showed large reduction in hot-flush frequency (61% vs 21% placebo) with soy isoflavone extract.
- Vasomotor symptom relief by soy isoflavone extract tablets in postmenopausal women: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 10914616
Reduced hot-flush frequency/severity more rapidly than placebo; multicenter RCT evidence.
- The Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Metabolic Status of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed ID: 27490918
PCOS RCT: 12 weeks of soy isoflavones improved insulin resistance and lowered androgens (free androgen index) — clear endocrine/hormonal effects.
- Effect of whole soy and purified daidzein on androgenic hormones in chinese equol-producing post-menopausal women: a six-month randomised, double-blinded and Placebo-Controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31914834
Purified daidzein modestly lowered testosterone and androstenedione in equol‑producing postmenopausal women.
- Impact of soy supplementation on sex steroids and vascular inflammation markers in postmenopausal women using tibolone: role of equol production capability
PubMed ID: 18781486
Altered estrone and testosterone, with stronger effects in equol producers (measurable sex‑steroid changes).
- Effect of exercise training combined with isoflavone supplementation on bone and lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23165609
Two‑year trial reported reduced menopausal symptom adverse events, which include vasomotor complaints.
- Endometrial, breast and liver safety of soy isoflavones plus Lactobacillus sporogenes in post-menopausal women
PubMed ID: 23194023
1‑yr isoflavones+Lactobacillus reduced menopausal symptoms vs calcium/vitamin D and was shown safe for endometrium/breast/liver tests.
- Dietary flour supplementation decreases post-menopausal hot flushes: effect of soy and wheat
PubMed ID: 7616867
40% reduction in hot-flush frequency over 12 weeks vs baseline and faster response than wheat (clinically meaningful).
- Assessing the combined effects of Black Cohosh, Soy Isoflavones, and SDG Lignans on menopausal symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 40131516
Combination product (soy + other ingredients) markedly improved Menopause Rating Scale scores versus placebo.
- Soy Isoflavones for Reducing Bone Loss Study: effects of a 3-year trial on hormones, adverse events, and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 25003624
Large 3‑year RCT (80–120 mg/day) found no adverse changes in circulating sex hormones or endometrium—strong safety evidence regarding sex‑hormone balance.
- Soy protein isolate increases urinary estrogens and the ratio of 2:16alpha-hydroxyestrone in men at high risk of prostate cancer
PubMed ID: 17885008
Soy protein altered estrogen metabolism (urinary estradiol excretion and 2:16 OH-E1 ratio) in men at high prostate risk.
- Acupuncture or phy(F)itoestrogens vs. (E)strogen plus progestin on menopausal symptoms. A randomized study
PubMed ID: 31142156
Isoflavones reduced menopausal symptom scores and improved QoL, though less than HT.
- Supplementation of soy isoflavones improved sex hormones, blood pressure, and postmenopausal symptoms
PubMed ID: 25648211
Small RCT: 8 weeks of soy isoflavones significantly reduced Kupperman menopausal symptom scores and lowered FSH/LH.
Cholesterol (38)
- Effects of natural S-equol supplements on overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Japanese, based on sex and equol status
PubMed ID: 22469418
S‑equol reduced LDL cholesterol in a crossover trial—supports cholesterol‑lowering potential of S‑equol in overweight Japanese adults.
- Dietary combination of soy with a probiotic or prebiotic food significantly reduces total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects
PubMed ID: 17940545
Combining soy with probiotic or resistant starch produced modest but significant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol.
- The effect of isolated soy protein on plasma biomarkers in elderly men with elevated serum prostate specific antigen
PubMed ID: 11125428
Small crossover pilot showed significant decrease in serum cholesterol with isoflavone-rich soy drink.
- The effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on metabolic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38773414
NAFLD RCT: substantial decreases in triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol in 12 weeks.
- Effects of soy isoflavones on serum lipids and lipoprotein (a) in peritoneal dialysis patients
PubMed ID: 32513581
100 mg/day isoflavone lowered Lp(a) by ~10% and raised HDL‑C ~11.5% in a randomized trial.
- Whole soy, but not purified daidzein, had a favorable effect on improvement of cardiovascular risks: a 6-month randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in equol-producing postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 24273218
6‑month RCT in equol‑producing postmenopausal women showed modest LDL reduction vs control.
- Pasta naturally enriched with isoflavone aglycons from soy germ reduces serum lipids and improves markers of cardiovascular risk
PubMed ID: 17885010
Isoflavone-enriched pasta lowered total and LDL cholesterol (~7–9%) vs control in hypercholesterolemic adults.
- [The effects of phytoestrogen on blood pressure and lipids in healthy volunteers]
PubMed ID: 17081400
Reported improvements in LDL/HDL ratio and triglycerides in a large RCT.
- Hypocholesterolemic effect of soymilk supplementation with usual diet in premenopausal normolipidemic Japanese women
PubMed ID: 11006055
Daily soymilk modestly lowered total cholesterol in healthy premenopausal women.
- Soy in hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 11965512
Randomized controlled trial showed modest but significant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol within 6 weeks.
- Beneficial effects of soy phytoestrogen intake in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 12351466
In diabetic postmenopausal women, soy protein with isoflavones improved LDL cholesterol (~7% reduction) vs placebo—clinically relevant.
- Soy-tibolone combination - effect on lipids in postmenopausal monkeys and women
PubMed ID: 18687539
Soy supplementation in tibolone-treated women produced ~10% LDL-C reduction, greater in equol producers.
- Effect of soy protein-containing isoflavones on lipoproteins in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17019375
Randomized trial showed significant short-term reductions in total and LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number.
- Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men
PubMed ID: 10799368
Soy replacing animal protein slightly lowered non-HDL cholesterol and apoB—modest atherogenic lipid benefit.
- Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 9734729
Six-month trial: reductions in non-HDL cholesterol and increased LDL-receptor mRNA (mechanistic support).
- Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 9848502
Improved non-HDL and HDL cholesterol; dose-related bone benefit reported as well.
- Effect of exercise training combined with isoflavone supplementation on bone and lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23165609
Two‑year RCT observed LDL decreases with isoflavone treatment.
- Activity of isoflavones and berberine on vasomotor symptoms and lipid profile in menopausal women
PubMed ID: 22313171
Combined isoflavone+berberine product lowered total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides (confounded by combination).
- A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins
PubMed ID: 10510993
Randomized trial showed modest LDL and total cholesterol reductions vs casein control.
- Equol status and blood lipid profile in hyperlipidemia after consumption of diets containing soy foods
PubMed ID: 22301925
Soy foods reduced LDL and equol producers preserved HDL/apoA‑I — strong human lipid data.
- Probiotic consumption does not enhance the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 15570025
Small improvements in TC and LDL, more pronounced in those with higher baseline cholesterol.
- Probiotic Soy Product Supplemented with Isoflavones Improves the Lipid Profile of Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26797632
Fermented soy product with isoflavones produced substantial reductions in total and LDL cholesterol (~13% reduction) in hypercholesterolemic men.
- Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women
PubMed ID: 10100174
Randomized double-blind crossover showed total cholesterol -6% and LDL -7% in perimenopausal women—meaningful cholesterol benefit.
- The effect of soy protein with or without isoflavones relative to milk protein on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 11273847
Isoflavone-rich soy lowered LDL more than isoflavone-poor soy (but not more than milk protein)—supportive but ambiguous.
- Usual dietary isoflavone intake is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 11285326
Cross-sectional association of higher isoflavone intake with higher HDL.
- Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women
PubMed ID: 12145008
Strong controlled feeding evidence of lowered total cholesterol and improved lipid ratios versus control.
- Benefits of soy isoflavone therapeutic regimen on menopausal symptoms
PubMed ID: 11864664
100 mg/day isoflavone for 4 months lowered total and LDL cholesterol vs placebo in RCT.
- The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 12780746
Clear LDL and TG lowering and improved LDL:HDL ratio in postmenopausal women.
- Effects of dietary intake of soy protein and isoflavones on cardiovascular disease risk factors in high risk, middle-aged men in Scotland
PubMed ID: 14963058
5-week RCT in men reduced total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol (direct lipid endpoint improvement).
- Effect of soy protein varying in isoflavone content on serum lipids in healthy young men
PubMed ID: 16469981
Soy protein (irrespective of isoflavone content) improved total/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios vs milk protein in healthy young men.
- Effects of soy bean on serum paraoxonase 1 activity and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 18608549
Significant reductions in LDL and total cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
- NMR analysis of lipoprotein particle size does not increase sensitivity to the effect of soy protein on CVD risk when compared with the traditional lipid profile
PubMed ID: 18461102
Increased HDL3‑C markedly in young men and altered hepatic lipase (favorable HDL subfraction change).
- The effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28391910
Controlled feeding trial: diets with most protein from soy or other plant sources substantially lowered total and LDL cholesterol vs animal/dairy diets.
- Benefits of soy germ isoflavones in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy
PubMed ID: 15283929
6-month RCT reduced LDL by ~11.8% and raised HDL by ~27% in postmenopausal women (strong lipid benefit).
- Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17084566
Substantial and clinically meaningful reductions in total (−29 mg/dL) and LDL (−24 mg/dL) with 25 g/day soy protein over 16 weeks.
- Soy isoflavones improve cardiovascular disease risk markers in women during the early menopause
PubMed ID: 29739677
Soy protein with isoflavones improved metabolic parameters and calculated cardiovascular risk; lipid changes contributed to modeled risk reduction.
- Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in women treated for climacteric symptoms with acupuncture, phytoestrogens, or hormones
PubMed ID: 32852460
Phytoestrogens modestly reduced LDL‑C (~9.9 mg/dL) in an RCT.
- Effect of soy nuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive, and normotensive postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17533209
Soy nuts reduced LDL cholesterol (notably in hypertensive postmenopausal women) in a crossover trial.
Bone health (24)
- Natural S-equol decreases bone resorption in postmenopausal, non-equol-producing Japanese women: a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21252728
12‑month RCT of S‑equol (10 mg) in non‑equol‑producing postmenopausal women markedly lowered a bone‑resorption marker and preserved whole‑body BMD.
- Novel effects of phytoestrogenic soy isoflavones on serum calcium and chloride in premenopausal women: A 2-year double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 29183775
Premenopausal trial: measured isoflavone exposure associated with small but significant increases in serum calcium — supportive of bone‑relevant effect.
- Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on bone metabolism in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 17577003
Large 24-month RCT: 54 mg/day genistein increased lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and improved bone markers.
- Soy isoflavones attenuate bone loss in early postmenopausal Chinese women : a single-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16763748
Dose‑dependent attenuation of spine and femoral neck bone loss at 84–126 mg/day over 6 months — clinically relevant bone‑sparing evidence.
- Soy protein and bone mineral density in older men and women: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 16730418
12‑month soy beverage (83 mg isoflavones) modestly preserved spine BMD in older women (spine effect but not hip) — supportive but limited.
- Marked individual variation in isoflavone metabolism after a soy challenge can modulate the skeletal effect of isoflavones in premenopausal women
PubMed ID: 19794985
Randomized trial in premenopausal women: soy increased osteocalcin (bone formation marker) in high genistein‑excretor phenotype—strong biomarker evidence with phenotype dependence.
- Effects of isoflavones on bone turnover markers in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32488754
100 mg/day isoflavone for 8 weeks significantly reduced bone resorption markers (N‑telopeptide, RANKL) in RCT.
- Soymilk or progesterone for prevention of bone loss--a 2 year randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 15309425
Two-year RCT: soymilk (~76 mg isoflavones) prevented lumbar spine bone loss vs control.
- Beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on bone mineral content was modified by years since menopause, body weight, and calcium intake: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 15167303
Large RCT showed preservation of hip BMC in specific subgroups (later postmenopause/low weight or Ca intake).
- Soy isoflavones have a favorable effect on bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women with lower bone mass: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 14557449
1-year high-dose isoflavones mildly helped maintain hip bone content, primarily in women with lower baseline bone mass.
- Soy isoflavone supplementation and bone mineral density in menopausal women: a 2-y multicenter clinical trial
PubMed ID: 19759166
Large 2‑year RCT: 120 mg/day modestly attenuated whole‑body bone loss (statistically significant) but no regional effects.
- Daidzein and genistein have differential effects in decreasing whole body bone mineral density but had no effect on hip and spine density in premenopausal women: A 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 31421395
Higher internal genistein exposure associated with small whole‑body BMD decreases when serum calcium was low (conditional adverse effect).
- The Effect of Dried Beancurd on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Chinese Women: A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 31489467
Two‑year dried beancurd increased lumbar spine BMD and lowered a bone resorption marker in postmenopausal women.
- The effect of soy isoflavone combined with calcium on bone mineral density in perimenopausal Chinese women: a 6-month randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 31583921
Isoflavone + calcium for 6 months improved BMD and biochemical bone markers versus control.
- Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 9848502
Six-month RCT: higher-isoflavone product preserved/increased lumbar spine bone mineral content and density.
- Efficacy of a soy rich diet in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis: the Menfis randomized trial
PubMed ID: 12191852
Large trial showed increased osteocalcin (bone formation marker) and prevention of BMD loss compared with control (though less than HRT).
- Effects of soy protein isolate and moderate exercise on bone turnover and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17213752
Soy protein lowered bone resorption marker S-CTX and modestly affected bone-formation marker over 9 months, though BMD unchanged short-term.
- Soy Reduces Bone Turnover Markers in Women During Early Menopause: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 27465911
Large RCT in early postmenopausal women: soy protein + isoflavones reduced bone resorption (βCTX) and formation (P1NP) markers — clear reduced bone turnover.
- Effect of soy on bone turn-over markers in men with type 2 diabetes and hypogonadism - a randomised controlled study
PubMed ID: 29133833
In men with type 2 diabetes, soy protein + isoflavones reduced βCTX by ~15%, correlated with improved glycemic control — meaningful bone resorption reduction.
- Soybean isoflavones reduce postmenopausal bone resorption in female Japanese immigrants in Brazil: a ten-week study
PubMed ID: 12480802
10-week randomized trial increased isoflavone excretion and significantly reduced urinary bone resorption markers—supports reduced bone turnover.
- Soy isoflavones improve bone metabolism in postmenopausal Japanese women
PubMed ID: 15649287
40 mg isoflavones decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline (bone resorption marker) vs placebo after 4 weeks.
- Soy isoflavone tablets reduce osteoporosis risk factors and obesity in middle-aged Japanese women
PubMed ID: 15649285
24-week trial (100 mg/day) increased BMD and reduced body fat in middle-aged women.
- Equol and Resveratrol Improve Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women: A Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37569440
Equol+resveratrol RCT markedly reduced bone resorption markers and modestly increased whole‑body BMD (combination product).
- Isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate attenuates bone loss in the lumbar spine of perimenopausal women
PubMed ID: 10966908
Isoflavone-rich soy prevented lumbar spine bone loss over 24 weeks in perimenopausal women—strong bone-protective evidence.
Fertility (12)
- Urinary estrogen metabolites during a randomized soy trial
PubMed ID: 22293063
High‑soy diet shifted estrogen metabolism toward a higher 2:16 ratio (potentially protective estrogenic profile relevant to reproductive tissues).
- Consumption of soy isoflavone enriched bread in men with prostate cancer is associated with reduced proinflammatory cytokines and immunosuppressive cells
PubMed ID: 26276751
In the same prostate cohort, soy‑bread intake lowered pro‑inflammatory cytokines and immune‑suppressive cell subsets — relevant to reproductive (prostate) health.
- Isoflavone pharmacokinetics and metabolism after consumption of a standardized soy and soy-almond bread in men with asymptomatic prostate cancer
PubMed ID: 26276749
Soy‑bread PK study in men with recurrent prostate cancer produced large isoflavone exposures and exploratory signals including PSA doubling time prolongation.
- Soy isoflavones in conjunction with radiation therapy in patients with prostate cancer
PubMed ID: 20924975
Pilot RCT: men taking soy isoflavones during radiation reported less urinary/bowel toxicity and better erectile function (clinical reproductive/sexual outcome signals).
- The Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Metabolic Status of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed ID: 27490918
PCOS RCT: isoflavones improved insulin resistance and lowered androgens — clinically meaningful reproductive/endocrine benefit in women with PCOS.
- Feasibility of a low-fat/high-fiber diet intervention with soy supplementation in prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy
PubMed ID: 17392697
Dietary program with soy reduced IGF-1 and sera-driven prostate cancer cell growth after 6 months (feasibility trial, confounded).
- Combined inhibitory effects of soy isoflavones and curcumin on the production of prostate-specific antigen
PubMed ID: 20503397
6‑month trial of isoflavones combined with curcumin lowered PSA in a high‑PSA subgroup; effect is promising but confounded by combined intervention.
- Soy isoflavones decrease fibroglandular breast tissue measured by magnetic resonance imaging in premenopausal women: A 2-year randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36513449
Long 2‑year RCT in premenopausal women reduced fibroglandular tissue/breast density — important reproductive‑tissue biomarker.
- Soy Isoflavones for Reducing Bone Loss Study: effects of a 3-year trial on hormones, adverse events, and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 25003624
Three‑year RCT (80–120 mg/day) found no adverse effects on endometrium or circulating sex hormones—strong reproductive‑safety evidence.
- Isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate suppresses androgen receptor expression without altering estrogen receptor-beta expression or serum hormonal profiles in men at high risk of prostate cancer
PubMed ID: 17585029
Isoflavone-rich soy protein reduced androgen receptor expression in prostate biopsies—relevant mechanistic prostate effect.
- Biomarkers of dietary exposure are associated with lower risk of breast fibroadenomas in Chinese women
PubMed ID: 20484550
Large case–control biomarker study: higher plasma isoflavones associated with substantially lower risk of benign breast fibroadenomas.
- Soy food intake after diagnosis of breast cancer and survival: an in-depth analysis of combined evidence from cohort studies of US and Chinese women
PubMed ID: 22648714
Large pooled cohort: ≥10 mg/day soy isoflavones post‑breast cancer diagnosis associated with ~25% lower recurrence.
Inflammation (18)
- Effects of regular soy formula intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization in infancy
PubMed ID: 36564877
Early infant soy formula associated with lower food sensitization — suggests immune/anti‑sensitization effect (observational).
- Effects of soy isoflavones on serum systemic and vascular inflammation markers and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32419281
VCAM‑1 and ICAM‑1 decreased in PD patients on isoflavones—reduction in vascular inflammatory markers.
- Effect of Soy in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Subclinical Hypogonadism: A Randomized Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 27797674
CRP was reduced alongside improvements in metabolic markers in men with T2DM.
- Soy proteins and isoflavones reduce interleukin-6 but not serum lipids in older women: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24267042
1‑year RCT in older postmenopausal women showed a significant decrease in IL‑6.
- Soy food supplementation, dietary fat reduction and peripheral blood gene expression in postmenopausal women--a randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21823222
Randomized feeding study showed consistent downregulation of immune/inflammatory gene expression with soy diet (PBMCs).
- Effect of soy nuts on adhesion molecules and markers of inflammation in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 18572041
Trend toward lower CRP and significant sVCAM‑1 reduction (inflammation/vascular adhesion marker) in certain subgroups.
- Positive effect of dietary soy in ESRD patients with systemic inflammation--correlation between blood levels of the soy isoflavones and the acute-phase reactants
PubMed ID: 16766544
In dialysis patients, larger rises in serum isoflavones inversely correlated with CRP (R = -0.599), suggesting an anti-inflammatory association.
- Soy-isoflavone-enriched foods and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women: interactions with genotype and equol production
PubMed ID: 16332659
Well‑powered 8‑week RCT showed a meaningful reduction in CRP with 50 mg/day isoflavones — direct anti‑inflammatory biomarker evidence.
- Soy isoflavones reduce asthma exacerbation in asthmatic patients with high PAI-1-producing genotypes
PubMed ID: 30707970
In asthmatics with high‑PAI‑1 genotype, soy markedly reduced severe steroid‑treated exacerbations and plasma PAI‑1.
- Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on some predictors of cardiovascular risk in osteopenic, postmenopausal women: a two-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 17682090
Genistein reduced fibrinogen, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and other inflammatory/oxidative markers (24-month RCT).
- Effects of soy isoflavones on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 15879919
Study showed decreases in ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin (markers of endothelial activation/inflammation) after isoflavone treatment.
- Metabolic effects of soy supplementation in postmenopausal Caucasian and African American women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20435291
Soy isoflavone supplementation modestly lowered IL‑6 alongside abdominal fat reduction in obese postmenopausal women.
- Effect of soy protein foods on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and ex vivo sex hormone receptor activity--a controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 10778882
Decrease in oxidized LDL suggests reduced oxidative/inflammatory LDL modification (indirect anti-inflammatory effect).
- Pasta naturally enriched with isoflavone aglycons from soy germ reduces serum lipids and improves markers of cardiovascular risk
PubMed ID: 17885010
Isoflavone-enriched pasta lowered hsCRP and improved arterial stiffness vs control over 8 weeks (RCT).
- Soy isoflavones improve insulin sensitivity without changing serum leptin among postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 22191384
2‑yr intervention reduced TNF‑α and improved insulin resistance—evidence of lowered systemic inflammation in postmenopausal women.
- Whole soy, but not purified daidzein, had a favorable effect on improvement of cardiovascular risks: a 6-month randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in equol-producing postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 24273218
Whole soy reduced hs‑CRP in equol‑producing postmenopausal women (inflammatory biomarker improvement).
- Effect of soy nuts and equol status on blood pressure, lipids and inflammation in postmenopausal women stratified by metabolic syndrome status
PubMed ID: 25441251
Soy‑nut intervention lowered CRP and sICAM particularly in equol producers and those with MetS, supporting an anti‑inflammatory effect in responsive subgroups.
- Consumption of soy isoflavone enriched bread in men with prostate cancer is associated with reduced proinflammatory cytokines and immunosuppressive cells
PubMed ID: 26276751
Soy‑bread intake in men with recurrent prostate cancer lowered pro‑inflammatory cytokines and reduced immunosuppressive cell subsets — significant anti‑inflammatory signals.
Blood circulation (18)
- Effect of soy nuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive, and normotensive postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 17533209
Soy nuts lowered systolic/diastolic BP, improving circulatory hemodynamics in hypertensive women.
- Effect of soy nuts on adhesion molecules and markers of inflammation in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 18572041
Soy nuts reduced sVCAM‑1 (endothelial adhesion molecule) in hypertensive postmenopausal women — supports vascular benefits.
- Effect of soy protein and isoflavones on blood pressure and endothelial cytokines: a 6-month randomized controlled trial among postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 23203140
Reduction in systolic BP (in pre/hypertensive subgroup) and decreased sICAM‑1/E‑selectin indicate improved vascular/ endothelial parameters in targeted subgroup.
- Effects of natural S-equol supplements on overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Japanese, based on sex and equol status
PubMed ID: 22469418
S‑equol reduced arterial stiffness (CAVI), supporting improved arterial/ circulatory function.
- Soy isoflavones improve cardiovascular disease risk markers in women during the early menopause
PubMed ID: 29739677
Soy protein + isoflavones lowered systolic blood pressure and improved modeled cardiovascular risk.
- Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in women treated for climacteric symptoms with acupuncture, phytoestrogens, or hormones
PubMed ID: 32852460
Lowered systolic/diastolic blood pressure implies improved peripheral hemodynamics.
- A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins
PubMed ID: 10510993
Modest LDL and total cholesterol reductions supportive of vascular risk reduction.
- Isoflavones improve vascular reactivity in post-menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 15230485
Significant improvement in nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation and trend toward better FMD in hypercholesterolemic women.
- Effects of soy isoflavones on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 15879919
Demonstrated clear improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduced adhesion molecules—strong direct evidence for improved vascular function.
- Soy isoflavones interact with calcium and contribute to blood pressure homeostasis in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31535213
Measured urinary isoflavone exposure associated with modest reductions in DBP and conditional SBP decreases.
- Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 9734729
Improved lipid profile and increased LDL-receptor mRNA suggest improved lipid handling relevant to circulation.
- Effect of soy protein foods on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and ex vivo sex hormone receptor activity--a controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 10778882
Lower oxidized LDL (a contributor to atherogenesis) could favor circulation/vascular health.
- Nitric oxide enhancement and blood pressure decrease in patients with metabolic syndrome using soy protein or fish oil
PubMed ID: 20857058
Soy protein in metabolic syndrome increased NO metabolites and was associated with lower diastolic BP, directly relevant to circulation.
- Soy milk lowers blood pressure in men and women with mild to moderate essential hypertension
PubMed ID: 12097666
Marked reductions in systolic/diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive participants after chronic soy milk intake.
- [The effects of phytoestrogen on blood pressure and lipids in healthy volunteers]
PubMed ID: 17081400
Significant reductions in mean and aortic blood pressures indicate improved central/peripheral circulation.
- Pasta naturally enriched with isoflavone aglycons from soy germ reduces serum lipids and improves markers of cardiovascular risk
PubMed ID: 17885010
Improved arterial stiffness (vascular function) and reduced hsCRP after isoflavone pasta (RCT).
- Effect of soy nuts and equol status on blood pressure, lipids and inflammation in postmenopausal women stratified by metabolic syndrome status
PubMed ID: 25441251
Soy‑nut intake reduced BP and some endothelial/inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women, implying circulation/vascular support in responsive individuals.
- Effects of dietary intake of soy protein and isoflavones on cardiovascular disease risk factors in high risk, middle-aged men in Scotland
PubMed ID: 14963058
Short RCT showed significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (direct circulation endpoints).
Antioxidant (8)
- Effect of soy protein foods on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and ex vivo sex hormone receptor activity--a controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 10778882
Reduced oxidized LDL and conjugated diene/LDL-C ratio (direct marker of lipid oxidation).
- Soy isoflavones modulate immune function in healthy postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 16685055
16-week trial showed reduced oxidative DNA damage (8‑OHdG) and increased B cells — direct biomarker evidence of antioxidant/oxidative stress benefit.
- Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women
PubMed ID: 12145008
Controlled feeding study showed reductions in oxidized LDL, indicating antioxidant/oxidative-stress benefit.
- Effects of soy bean on serum paraoxonase 1 activity and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 18608549
Increased PON1 activity (an antioxidant enzyme) in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
- Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in equol-producing postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 25441486
Randomized trial: isoflavones lowered oxidative-stress marker (MDA) in equol-producers — clear subgroup antioxidant effect.
- Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women: a community randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23945405
12-month RCT showed significant reduction in MDA (oxidative stress marker).
- The effect of soy isoflavone combined with calcium on bone mineral density in perimenopausal Chinese women: a 6-month randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 31583921
Combined isoflavone+calcium raised GSH‑Px activity (antioxidant enzyme) in perimenopausal women.
- Effect of dietary supplementation with glycitein during late pregnancy and lactation on antioxidative indices and performance of primiparous sows
PubMed ID: 26020321
Animal (sow) study showed dose-dependent increases in antioxidant enzymes and reduced MDA — strong in animals but indirect for humans.
Weight management (6)
- Metabolic effects of soy supplementation in postmenopausal Caucasian and African American women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20435291
Randomized trial in obese postmenopausal women: soy isoflavone supplement reduced total and subcutaneous abdominal fat (~7.5–9.1%).
- A mild favorable effect of soy protein with isoflavones on body composition--a 6-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial among Chinese postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 19918248
Six‑month RCT in postmenopausal women showed small but statistically significant reductions in weight and body fat with soy protein + isoflavones.
- Soy isoflavone tablets reduce osteoporosis risk factors and obesity in middle-aged Japanese women
PubMed ID: 15649285
24-week trial: isoflavone group reduced body fat and maintained BMI vs placebo.
- Soy isoflavones, Mediterranean diet, and physical exercise in postmenopausal women with insulin resistance
PubMed ID: 20216276
40 mg/day isoflavones + diet/exercise reduced HOMA‑IR over 2 years in insulin‑resistant postmenopausal women (metabolic benefit linked to weight/adiposity).
- Is soy protein effective in reducing cholesterol and improving bone health?
PubMed ID: 31848551
Three months of soy protein reduced body fat percentage and improved anabolic marker (IGF‑1) versus casein.
- The hypoglycemic effects of soy isoflavones on postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 15650341
Isoflavones lowered fasting glucose and insulin—metabolic effects relevant to weight control.
Women's health (6)
- Impact of a soy drink on climacteric symptoms: an open-label, crossover, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26806546
Soy drink lowered urogenital domain scores (MRS) by ~21% and improved related symptoms over 12 weeks — direct signal for vaginal/urogenital comfort.
- [Effect of soy isoflavones on peri-menopausal symptom and estrogen]
PubMed ID: 20364590
120 mg/day isoflavones improved Kuppermann/Urogenital domain scores over 8 weeks (urogenital benefit observed).
- Effects of Glycine max (L.) Merr. soy isoflavone vaginal gel on epithelium morphology and estrogen receptor expression in postmenopausal women: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24856055
12‑week randomized double‑blind trial of 4% topical soy isoflavone gel produced clear improvements in vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, increased epithelial maturation and ER expression—strong direct evidence for vaginal comfort.
- The effect of a soy rich diet on the vaginal epithelium in postmenopause: a randomized double blind trial
PubMed ID: 12927310
Soy-rich diet increased vaginal cell maturation indices in postmenopausal women (physiologic improvement relevant to comfort).
- The effect of dietary soy supplementation compared to estrogen and placebo on menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20833488
Soy supplementation reduced urogenital symptoms (vaginal dryness ~31%) in postmenopausal women vs baseline and similar to HT.
- Effects of a soy-based dietary supplement compared with low-dose hormone therapy on the urogenital system: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25423326
16‑week oral soy (90 mg) improved self‑reported vaginal dryness vs baseline/placebo, though objective mucosal maturation/pH changes were not observed—moderate evidence for symptomatic vaginal comfort.
Skin health (4)
- Effects of fermented soymilk with Lactobacillus casei Shirota on skin condition and the gut microbiota: a randomised clinical pilot trial
PubMed ID: 29264969
Fermented soymilk improved self‑reported skin condition and stratum corneum measures in premenopausal women with increased urinary isoflavones.
- Collagen concentration on the facial skin of postmenopausal women after topical treatment with estradiol and genistein: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28508697
Topical genistein RCT increased facial collagen in postmenopausal women over 24 weeks — direct skin‑health benefit (topical application).
- Wrinkle reduction in post-menopausal women consuming a novel oral supplement: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study
PubMed ID: 23927381
14‑week randomized trial of a multi‑ingredient product including soy isoflavones produced ~10% reduction in wrinkle depth and increased dermal collagen; soy-specific contribution uncertain but product improved skin measures.
- Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones Improves Facial Signs of Photoaging and Skin Hydration in Postmenopausal Women: Results of a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 37836398
24‑week RCT showed reduced facial wrinkles/pigment and large increases in skin hydration with soy protein+isoflavones.
Urinary comfort (3)
- Isoflavones in treating watchful waiting benign prostate hyperplasia: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22268969
12‑month trial in men with BPH showed marginally superior improvements in urinary symptoms and Qmax vs placebo.
- Soy isoflavones in conjunction with radiation therapy in patients with prostate cancer
PubMed ID: 20924975
Small randomized pilot: men taking soy isoflavones during radiation reported substantially fewer urinary adverse effects versus placebo.
- Impact of a soy drink on climacteric symptoms: an open-label, crossover, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26806546
Soy drink trial reduced urogenital domain scores (MRS) and improved related symptoms over 12 weeks — direct urogenital/urinary symptom improvement.
Mood balance (3)
- Dietary flour supplementation decreases post-menopausal hot flushes: effect of soy and wheat
PubMed ID: 7616867
Improved overall menopausal symptom score (includes mood-related items) alongside hot-flash reduction.
- New equol supplement for relieving menopausal symptoms: randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Japanese women
PubMed ID: 19131846
S‑equol improved several mood-related menopausal symptoms in equol nonproducers (randomized DBPC trial).
- Influence of equol and resveratrol supplementation on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 28041599
Fermented soy (equol) + resveratrol improved menopause symptoms and several mood‑related items vs placebo.
Mental clarity (3)
- Cognitive improvement after 6 weeks of soy supplements in postmenopausal women is limited to frontal lobe function
PubMed ID: 15772567
6‑week RCT showed modest improvements in frontal‑lobe cognitive tests (mental flexibility/planning) and short‑term memory in postmenopausal women.
- Effects of Fermented Soy on Cognition in Older Adults: Outcomes of a Randomized, Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 41010462
12-week fermented soy RCT showed modest memory improvement overall and larger benefit in women ≥70 (direct cognitive outcome).
- Isoflavones and cognitive function in older women: the SOy and Postmenopausal Health In Aging (SOPHIA) Study
PubMed ID: 12792289
RCT in postmenopausal women found significant improvement in category (verbal) fluency with isoflavones.
Joint comfort (1)
- A pilot study on the effects of S-equol compared to soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flash frequency
PubMed ID: 22409590
S-equol randomized trial reduced muscle/joint pain versus isoflavones, especially at clinical doses.
Sleep quality (1)
- Influence of equol and resveratrol supplementation on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 28041599
Fermented soy (equol) + resveratrol improved menopause sleep domain and related sleep measures vs placebo.
Similar by evidence
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Products with Soy Isoflavones
Search all315 products whose verified label declares Soy Isoflavones — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.