HMB
13 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
74 products in our catalogue print how much HMB a serving holds.
Most common: 500 mg to 1 g, 36% of 74 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 250 mg or less | 3 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 13 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 27 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 23 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 8 |
Dose per serving from research
78 study groups in 66 studies say how much HMB participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 2.5 g to 5 g, 83% of 78 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 1 g or less | 1 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 12 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 65 |
Commonly used together
28 of 75 study groups took HMB with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Arginine | 11 |
| Glutamine | 10 |
| Vitamin D | 7 |
| Creatine | 4 |
| Whey Protein | 3 |
Benefit Evidence
Muscle/strength + function
Nutrition/weight + less mortality
Cardio-endothelial +27% FMD
Strength/power +18%
Aerobic/endurance +9%
Recovery/damage markers
Muscle/strength + function
Nutrition/weight + less mortality
Cardio-endothelial +27% FMD
Research sources
Muscle growth (24)
- β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Complex on Muscle Volume Loss in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 31134640
ICU trial: no overall effect but significant reduction in femoral muscle loss in less-severe subgroup — context-specific preservation.
- Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32593895
Post‑liver‑transplant pilot: greater SMI at 2 months and stronger grip vs control — supports muscle retention/rehabilitation after major illness.
- Functional and metabolic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and the role of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate addition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39181037
COPD patients (HMB+EPA/DHA): some favorable lean mass/protein‑turnover signals but multi‑nutrient confounding.
- Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training
PubMed ID: 8941534
Early RCT: HMB reduced proteolysis markers and increased fat‑free mass over weeks of RT.
- Reduced mortality risk in malnourished hospitalized older adult patients with COPD treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: Sub-group analysis of the NOURISH study
PubMed ID: 32921503
Malnourished older COPD subgroup on HMB‑containing ONS gained weight and strength and had lower short‑term mortality (multi‑nutrient).
- Nutritional supplementation of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) during resistance training
PubMed ID: 10978853
4‑week RT RCT reported trends to greater lean mass with HMB (modest effect).
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass
PubMed ID: 11128859
8‑week HMB during resistance training produced greater fat‑free mass gains vs control.
- Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program
PubMed ID: 11448573
HMB (+/− creatine) increased lean mass over 3 weeks and reduced nitrogen excretion—supports muscle‑mass preservation/gain.
- The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes
PubMed ID: 26849784
Large crossover in trained athletes: HMB improved fat‑free mass vs placebo (significant change).
- Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 10850936
HIV wasting RCT: large, clinically meaningful increases in body weight and lean mass — strong evidence of lean-mass preservation/augmentation.
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
HMB + TECAR improved function and grip and accompanied BMI reduction, indicating favorable muscle/lean effects.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
HMB with prebiotics increased skeletal muscle index over 30 days in sarcopenic older adults (combined intervention).
- Reversal of cancer-related wasting using oral supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine
PubMed ID: 11975938
Cancer cachexia RCT: increased body mass and FFM vs control — direct support for preserving/adding lean mass during illness.
- The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 28708126
12‑week trial in combat athletes: HMB increased FFM vs placebo—consistent body‑composition benefit.
- Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults
PubMed ID: 11435528
Older adults: Ca‑HMB with resistance training increased fat‑free mass vs placebo (modest but significant/near‑significant effects).
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in bed-ridden elderly receiving tube feeding
PubMed ID: 20460233
Bedridden elderly: HMB reduced biochemical markers of protein breakdown (BUN, urinary urea N), consistent with anticatabolic, muscle‑preserving action.
- Readmission and mortality in malnourished, older, hospitalized adults treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26797412
Malnourished older inpatients receiving HP‑HMB supplement gained weight and improved nutrition (reduced mortality)—consistent with muscle‑mass preservation in catabolic illness.
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Elderly hip‑fracture RCT: HMB‑containing supplement preserved appendicular lean mass vs control—strong direct evidence for muscle‑mass preservation.
- Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition
PubMed ID: 33268143
Large trial in malnutrition‑risk older adults showed robust weight gain and improved nutritional status; some muscle/strength signals.
- Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34179932
Direct increase in mid‑thigh muscle CSA in pre‑frail older adults after 12 weeks of HMB‑containing ONS.
- Impact of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle loss and protein metabolism in critically ill patients: A RCT
PubMed ID: 34358832
Ventilated ICU trial: HMB reduced net protein breakdown though did not prevent measured quadriceps area loss over 10 days.
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation in critically ill trauma patients
PubMed ID: 17215743
Trauma ICU: HMB improved nitrogen balance (less negative) — physiological signal consistent with reduced net muscle loss though proteolysis marker unchanged.
- Year-long changes in protein metabolism in elderly men and women supplemented with a nutrition cocktail of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), L-arginine, and L-lysine
PubMed ID: 19164608
Year‑long elderly RCT increased lean mass (DXA/BIA) — supports preservation of muscle mass with age.
- Oral Supplementation with Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Improves Lean Body Mass in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29672184
Six‑month older-adult RCT increased total lean mass across measurement methods — clear preservation/augmentation signal.
Muscle maintenance (21)
- Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training
PubMed ID: 8941534
Decreased urinary 3‑methylhistidine (proteolysis) and lower CK in early RT with HMB.
- Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 10850936
HIV-wasting RCT: large increases in lean mass and body weight vs placebo — strong evidence for sustaining/regaining muscle during chronic illness.
- Reversal of cancer-related wasting using oral supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine
PubMed ID: 11975938
Cancer-related cachexia RCT: increased FFM vs control — supports reduced breakdown or net anabolic effect in cachexia.
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation in critically ill trauma patients
PubMed ID: 17215743
Trauma ICU: HMB improved nitrogen balance compared with placebo (less negative N balance) — physiologic evidence for reduced net breakdown.
- β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Complex on Muscle Volume Loss in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 31134640
ICU trial: subgroup benefit in less-severe patients (reduced femoral loss) — some evidence for sustaining muscle in acute illness.
- Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32593895
Post‑liver‑transplant RCT: improved SMI and grip strength and shorter LOS — supports muscle sustainment during postoperative illness/recovery.
- Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine for the prevention of mucositis induced by platinum-based chemoradiation in head and neck cancer: A phase II study
PubMed ID: 37739730
During chemoradiation HMB mix reduced severe mucositis and limited weight loss — clinically meaningful benefit in a catabolic illness context.
- Functional and metabolic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and the role of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate addition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39181037
COPD study (HMB+EPA/DHA) showed changes in whole‑body protein breakdown measures (multi‑nutrient).
- Amino Acid Profile in Malnourished Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Its Modification with Oral Nutritional Supplements: Implications on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
PubMed ID: 34836020
Malnourished cirrhosis: HMB‑ONS increased BCAAs and Fischer's ratio and trended to reduce MHE; metabolic support in disease context.
- Reduced mortality risk in malnourished hospitalized older adult patients with COPD treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: Sub-group analysis of the NOURISH study
PubMed ID: 32921503
Malnourished older COPD subgroup on HMB‑containing ONS had better strength/weight and much lower short‑term mortality (post‑hoc, multi‑nutrient).
- Effects of Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on Biochemical and Hematological Indices in Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Malnutrition: Findings from the SHIELD Study
PubMed ID: 39125374
Large RCT in older adults at risk of malnutrition using an HMB‑containing ONS improved nutritional biomarkers and increased body weight—strongest clinical support for illness/disuse contexts (though multi‑ingredient).
- Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program
PubMed ID: 11448573
HMB reduced nitrogen excretion and CPK after training—biochemical evidence for reduced proteolysis.
- The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes
PubMed ID: 26849784
Improved FFM vs placebo in athletes suggests a net anti‑catabolic effect across training.
- Anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects of short-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in intensive care unit
PubMed ID: 17077073
Ventilated COPD patients: 7 days of HMB reduced inflammatory markers, increased total protein and improved ventilator outcomes in more patients — supports muscle preservation during acute illness.
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in bed-ridden elderly receiving tube feeding
PubMed ID: 20460233
Bedridden elderly on tube feeding: HMB reduced BUN and urinary urea N excretion — direct biochemical evidence of reduced protein breakdown.
- Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
PubMed ID: 26522923
Bronchiectasis patients receiving HMB‑enriched protein drink during pulmonary rehab gained lean mass and strength—supports sustaining muscle during chronic illness (multi‑nutrient).
- Readmission and mortality in malnourished, older, hospitalized adults treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26797412
Large RCT in malnourished hospitalized older adults: HP‑HMB reduced 90‑day mortality and improved nutritional status and weight—strong evidence HMB helps sustain patients during illness (ONS).
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Hip‑fracture RCT: HMB‑ONS preserved appendicular lean mass and improved nutritional markers in elderly postoperative patients—supports muscle sustainment during acute illness/injury.
- Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition
PubMed ID: 33268143
Older adults at malnutrition risk receiving HMB‑containing ONS gained weight and had better clinical/nutritional outcomes — applicable to illness‑related wasting.
- Impact of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle loss and protein metabolism in critically ill patients: A RCT
PubMed ID: 34358832
Ventilated ICU study showed significant reduction in net protein breakdown with HMB despite short‑term area loss.
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and functional outcomes in multitrauma patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37357015
Multitrauma feasibility trial suggested HMB is deliverable with a non‑significant trend toward less quadriceps wasting—supports potential benefit during illness/trauma.
Strength (20)
- Vitamin D status affects strength gains in older adults supplemented with a combination of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine: a cohort study
PubMed ID: 21807930
FFM increases in older adults occurred broadly, but strength gains depended on adequate vitamin D — conditional maintenance of strength.
- Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34179932
Pre‑frail older adults achieved increased thigh CSA and modest functional benefits with HMB ONS, relevant to maintaining strength.
- Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition
PubMed ID: 33268143
Large ONS trial produced small but significant improvements in some strength measures (leg strength/female handgrip) in older adults.
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Hip‑fracture trial in elderly patients: HMB‑ONS preserved appendicular lean mass and improved strength measures—supports maintenance of strength in older adults.
- Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
PubMed ID: 26522923
Pulmonary‑rehab patients receiving HMB‑enriched ONS showed increases in handgrip and other strength measures vs rehab alone—supports strength improvement in clinical rehab.
- Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults
PubMed ID: 11435528
Older adult trial: HMB with resistance training produced modest FFM gains and fat loss, supporting maintenance/improvement of strength in older adults.
- The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 28708126
Trained combat athletes saw improvements in anaerobic power and related strength/power metrics with HMB.
- Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program
PubMed ID: 11448573
HMB (and creatine+HMB) produced clear cumulative strength gains over 3 weeks.
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass
PubMed ID: 11128859
8‑week HMB trial increased specific strength measures (isometric/isokinetic torque).
- Nutritional supplementation of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) during resistance training
PubMed ID: 10978853
4‑week RT RCT showed modest increases in upper‑body strength with 3 g/day HMB.
- Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32857128
HMB+D improved knee extension torque at 3 months and functional indices in older adults, indicating maintenance of strength with age.
- Effect of Oral Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Physical Performance in Healthy Old Women Over 65 Years: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26529601
Older active women: low‑dose Ca‑HMB improved some isometric strength/endurance tests (open‑label design).
- Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32593895
Post‑liver‑transplant RCT: stronger grip at 1–2 months with HMB formula — clinically meaningful strength gain.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
HMB with prebiotics increased grip strength in older sarcopenic adults over 30 days.
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
In older sarcopenic-obese adults, HMB + TECAR preserved/ improved grip and SPPB—supports maintaining strength with age.
- Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37248756
Sarcopenic older adults on HMB + resistance training had large, significant gains in handgrip and chair‑stand performance.
- Oral Supplementation with Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Improves Lean Body Mass in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29672184
Six‑month RCT showed lean-mass increase and modest functional benefit relevant to maintaining strength in older adults.
- Year-long changes in protein metabolism in elderly men and women supplemented with a nutrition cocktail of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), L-arginine, and L-lysine
PubMed ID: 19164608
One‑year supplementation produced lean-mass gains and increased protein turnover in elderly, consistent with maintaining strength long-term.
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women
PubMed ID: 15105032
Elderly women experienced measurable strength gains and improved function over 12 weeks — supports maintaining/increasing strength with age.
- Effects of Co-Ingestion of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and L-Arginine α-Ketoglutarate on Jump Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes
PubMed ID: 33805883
Athlete camp study: Ca‑HMB+AAKG prevented decline in jump power during intensive training — supports preservation/improvement of power/strength endurance.
Illness recovery (17)
- Reduced mortality risk in malnourished hospitalized older adult patients with COPD treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: Sub-group analysis of the NOURISH study
PubMed ID: 32921503
Malnourished COPD subgroup had improved strength/weight and lower mortality with HMB‑containing ONS, supporting recovery in illness.
- Effects of Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on Biochemical and Hematological Indices in Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Malnutrition: Findings from the SHIELD Study
PubMed ID: 39125374
Older adults at risk of malnutrition improved nutrition markers and weight with HMB‑containing ONS—may assist recovery in illness/inactivity.
- Anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects of short-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in intensive care unit
PubMed ID: 17077073
Ventilated COPD patients: more HMB patients improved ventilator status in 7 days, implying faster clinical rehabilitation in acute illness.
- Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
PubMed ID: 26522923
Pulmonary‑rehab + HMB‑enriched ONS produced gains in BMD, strength, FFM and QOL vs rehab alone—supports faster/better rehabilitation progress (multi‑nutrient).
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in bed-ridden elderly receiving tube feeding
PubMed ID: 20460233
Bedridden elderly: HMB reduced markers of protein breakdown over 2–4 weeks — direct evidence supporting recovery/preservation during inactivity.
- Readmission and mortality in malnourished, older, hospitalized adults treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26797412
HP‑HMB in malnourished older inpatients improved nutritional status and survival, facilitating recovery and rehabilitation in clinical populations.
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Elderly hip‑fracture multicenter RCT: HMB‑ONS preserved lean mass and improved nutritional markers during post‑surgical recovery—strong evidence for aiding rehab.
- Impact of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle loss and protein metabolism in critically ill patients: A RCT
PubMed ID: 34358832
Critically ill ventilated patients: HMB reduced net protein breakdown and improved phase angle/global health despite not preventing short‑term muscle area loss.
- Peripheral Blood T Cell Gene Expression Responses to Exercise and HMB in Sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 34371826
Combined exercise + nutrition (including HMB) in sarcopenic older adults improved leg extension strength and ASM; HMB likely contributed but not isolated.
- Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37248756
HMB + supervised resistance training in sarcopenic older adults improved functional outcomes—facilitates rehabilitation progress.
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and functional outcomes in multitrauma patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37357015
Multitrauma feasibility: HMB was deliverable in ICU/ward and trended toward less quadriceps wasting at 28 days.
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
HMB + TECAR produced significant functional and strength gains—directly relevant to rehabilitation progress.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
HMB with prebiotics improved SMI and grip in sarcopenic older adults—supports rehabilitation potential (short trial).
- Oral Supplementation with Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Improves Lean Body Mass in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29672184
Six‑month older‑adult RCT increased LBM and improved stair-climb — suggests better rehab outcomes for older adults.
- β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Complex on Muscle Volume Loss in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 31134640
ICU trial subgroup showed reduced femoral loss in less-severe patients — may aid rehab in selected patients.
- Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32593895
Post‑liver‑transplant: improved grip strength/SMI and shorter LOS — supports faster rehabilitation recovery.
- Effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39765161
Preop HMB+arg+gln improved walk distance and strength post‑cardiac surgery and shortened hospital stay, suggesting faster rehab (multi‑nutrient).
Healthy aging (15)
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women
PubMed ID: 15105032
Elderly RCT showed improved function (get-up-and-go), strength and ↑protein synthesis over 12 weeks — strong aging-relevant signals.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
Short RCT of HMB with prebiotics in sarcopenic older adults showed increased muscle index and grip strength.
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
RCT in older sarcopenic-obese adults: HMB + TECAR improved SPPB and grip, suggesting functional aging benefits.
- Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37248756
Sarcopenic older adults: HMB + resistance training improved grip, gait speed and chair stand, relevant to healthy aging function.
- Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34179932
12‑week RCT in pre‑frail older adults: HMB supplement increased mid‑thigh muscle CSA and body weight/BMI.
- Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition
PubMed ID: 33268143
Large RCT in older adults at malnutrition risk showed significant weight/nutrition gains and some strength improvements with HMB‑containing ONS.
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Multicenter RCT in elderly hip‑fracture patients: HMB-ONS preserved appendicular lean mass and improved nutrition markers—supports healthier aging outcomes.
- Readmission and mortality in malnourished, older, hospitalized adults treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26797412
Large RCT in malnourished older inpatients: HMB-containing HP supplement reduced 90-day mortality and improved nutritional status—clinically meaningful for aging populations.
- Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults
PubMed ID: 11435528
Older adults (70 y) trial: Ca‑HMB (3 g/day) with resistance training produced modest increases in fat‑free mass and reduced body fat — relevant to healthy aging.
- Effects of Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on Biochemical and Hematological Indices in Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Malnutrition: Findings from the SHIELD Study
PubMed ID: 39125374
Large ONS trial in older adults at risk of malnutrition improved biochemical nutrition markers and weight—supports nutritional status in aging, though multi‑ingredient.
- Small-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial to Explore the Impact of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Plus Vitamin D(3) on Skeletal Muscle Health in Middle Aged Women
PubMed ID: 36364934
Middle‑aged sedentary women showed reduced IMAT and small thigh volume gain with HMB+D—anatomical changes relevant to healthy aging despite no strength gains.
- Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32857128
12-month RCT (HMB+D) improved functional composite and early LBM in older adults, suggesting relevance to healthy aging (co‑supplemented with vitamin D).
- Oral Supplementation with Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Improves Lean Body Mass in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29672184
Six‑month RCT in older adults increased total lean mass and improved stair-climb function — supports aging muscle preservation/function.
- Effects of 6-month supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, glutamine and arginine on vascular endothelial function of older adults
PubMed ID: 26306566
Six‑month RCT improved endothelial function (FMD) in older adults — cardiovascular benefit relevant to healthy aging though not muscle-specific.
- Year-long changes in protein metabolism in elderly men and women supplemented with a nutrition cocktail of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), L-arginine, and L-lysine
PubMed ID: 19164608
One‑year RCT in older adults produced modest but significant increases in lean mass and protein turnover — directly relevant to healthy aging.
Body composition (15)
- Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32857128
HMB+D improved early LBM in older non‑exercisers (co‑supplemented with vitamin D).
- Small-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial to Explore the Impact of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Plus Vitamin D(3) on Skeletal Muscle Health in Middle Aged Women
PubMed ID: 36364934
Reduced intermuscular adipose tissue and small thigh muscle volume increase with HMB+D—favorable compositional change.
- Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program
PubMed ID: 11448573
HMB (and creatine combination) increased LBM vs placebo, reduced markers of protein catabolism.
- The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes
PubMed ID: 26849784
Crossover athlete trial showed increased FFM and decreased fat mass with HMB vs placebo.
- The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 28708126
Trained combat athletes lost fat and gained FFM with HMB over 12 weeks.
- Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults
PubMed ID: 11435528
Older adults: Ca‑HMB with resistance training modestly increased fat‑free mass and decreased body fat on some measures vs placebo.
- Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
PubMed ID: 26522923
Pulmonary rehab + HMB‑enriched ONS increased FFM and MAMC—supports lean‑mass improvements in clinical rehab (multi‑nutrient).
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Elderly hip‑fracture RCT: HMB‑ONS preserved appendicular lean mass compared with control—strong evidence for supporting lean mass in vulnerable older adults.
- Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 31268131
During time‑restricted feeding, HMB cohort (per‑protocol) lost more fat while FFM and muscle thickness gains were similar across groups—suggests retention of muscle during dieting.
- Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition
PubMed ID: 33268143
Large ONS trial increased weight and improved nutritional status; composition shifting toward improved lean outcomes suggested but not isolated to HMB.
- Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34179932
Pre‑frail older adults: HMB ONS increased thigh muscle CSA and modest weight/BMI gains—favorable body composition change.
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
Participants lost BMI while improving grip and SPPB with HMB + TECAR, indicating favorable body composition during weight loss.
- Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 10850936
HIV-wasting RCT increased lean body mass substantially while fat mass unchanged — strong lean-composition effect in wasting illness.
- Year-long changes in protein metabolism in elderly men and women supplemented with a nutrition cocktail of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), L-arginine, and L-lysine
PubMed ID: 19164608
Year‑long elderly RCT increased lean tissue mass (DXA/BIA) — sustained lean‑composition benefit.
- Oral Supplementation with Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Improves Lean Body Mass in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29672184
Six‑month older-adult RCT increased total lean mass by multiple methods — supports improved lean composition.
Exercise recovery (18)
- Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid and cold water immersion on post-exercise markers of muscle damage
PubMed ID: 24639242
Combining HMB‑FA with cold‑water immersion reduced some inflammatory markers and improved short‑term power—mixed but supportive for recovery.
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in bed-ridden elderly receiving tube feeding
PubMed ID: 20460233
Bedridden elderly: reductions in protein‑breakdown markers suggest improved preservation/recovery of muscle protein during inactivity.
- Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
PubMed ID: 26522923
Pulmonary‑rehab + HMB‑ONS improved FFM, strength and QOL vs rehab alone—supports enhanced recovery in disease/rehab context (multi‑nutrient product).
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Preservation of lean mass and improved nutrition after hip fracture with HMB‑ONS suggests faster convalescence and return to activity.
- Impact of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle loss and protein metabolism in critically ill patients: A RCT
PubMed ID: 34358832
ICU trial: HMB reduced net protein breakdown and improved cellular phase angle—biomarkers consistent with improved recovery/metabolism.
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
Improved SPPB and grip indicate faster functional recovery and readiness for activity after intervention.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
Muscle and strength gains in sarcopenic older adults suggest potential for quicker return to activity (short trial).
- The effects of preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine on inflammatory and hematological markers of patients with heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35148750
Preoperative supplementation lowered postoperative inflammatory markers — reduced inflammation may facilitate recovery.
- Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32593895
Post‑liver‑transplant: stronger grip, higher SMI at 2 months and shorter LOS — suggests enhanced recovery after major surgery.
- Effects of Co-Ingestion of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and L-Arginine α-Ketoglutarate on Jump Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes
PubMed ID: 33805883
Athlete camp RCT: maintenance of jump power across repeated sessions implies improved between-session recovery/maintenance of performance.
- Anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects of short-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in intensive care unit
PubMed ID: 17077073
Ventilated COPD trial: a higher proportion of HMB patients improved ventilator status within 7 days, suggesting faster clinical recovery enabling earlier activity.
- Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine for the prevention of mucositis induced by platinum-based chemoradiation in head and neck cancer: A phase II study
PubMed ID: 37739730
During chemoradiation HMB mix reduced severe mucositis and limited weight loss — supports faster/safer recovery during cancer treatment.
- Effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39765161
Shorter hospital stay (−4.3 days) and improved 6MWD after preop HMB+arg+gln suggest faster return to activity post‑cardiac surgery (multi‑nutrient).
- Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training
PubMed ID: 8941534
HMB reduced plasma CK and proteolysis markers during early RT, consistent with enhanced recovery.
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass
PubMed ID: 11128859
Reduced CPK responses and improved torque indicate enhanced recovery in an 8‑week trial.
- Evaluation of the recovery after heart surgery following preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35964137
Preoperative supplementation reduced cardiac injury markers and shortened ICU/hospital stay after cardiac surgery — supports earlier return to activity.
- Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program
PubMed ID: 11448573
HMB reduced serum CPK and nitrogen excretion in a RT trial—evidence for better recovery and lower muscle damage.
- β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise
PubMed ID: 23908318
HMB‑FA blunted acute TNF‑α response to heavy resistance exercise—anti‑inflammatory action supportive of recovery.
Daily comfort (14)
- Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34179932
Pre‑frail older adults: gains in thigh muscle CSA and modest weight increases are associated with improved capacity for daily tasks.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
HMB+prebiotics improved SMI and grip strength, likely improving everyday physical capability.
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
HMB + TECAR produced a clinically meaningful SPPB improvement, a strong marker of everyday function.
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women
PubMed ID: 15105032
Elderly RCT: significant 17% improvement in get‑up‑and‑go and strength gains — strong evidence for improved daily function.
- Oral Supplementation with Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Improves Lean Body Mass in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29672184
Six‑month older-adult RCT improved stair-climb time and increased LBM — meaningful functional benefit for daily activities.
- Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32593895
Post‑liver‑transplant improved grip strength and SMI — likely to translate to better everyday function during recovery.
- Effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39765161
Preop HMB+arg+gln improved 6‑minute walk distance and physical performance after cardiac surgery (multi‑nutrient).
- A Novel Fortified Dairy Product and Sarcopenia Measures in Sarcopenic Older Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 33067129
Older adults consuming HMB‑fortified yogurt improved handgrip strength and gait speed (with vitamins D/C).
- Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32857128
12‑month HMB+D trial improved a composite functional index and knee torque, especially in non‑exercisers.
- Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults
PubMed ID: 11435528
Older adult resistance‑training trial: modest improvements in lean mass and body composition that can translate to better function with aging.
- Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
PubMed ID: 26522923
Pulmonary rehab + HMB‑ONS improved strength, FFM and QOL—translates to better everyday function in patients undergoing rehab.
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
Hip‑fracture RCT: preservation of appendicular lean mass and improved nutritional markers likely contribute to better physical function and recovery.
- Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition
PubMed ID: 33268143
Large ONS trial in older adults improved composite clinical outcomes and some functional measures (leg strength/handgrip).
- Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37248756
Sarcopenic older adults: HMB + resistance training produced large, significant improvements in gait speed and five‑time chair stand.
Joint mobility (8)
- [Efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy Combined With β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity]
PubMed ID: 41113429
SPPB improvement in HMB+TECAR group indicates improved mobility and lower‑extremity function.
- A Novel Fortified Dairy Product and Sarcopenia Measures in Sarcopenic Older Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 33067129
HMB‑fortified yogurt improved gait speed in older adults (co‑supplemented with vitamins).
- Effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39765161
6‑minute walk distance increased substantially after preop HMB+arg+gln (multi‑nutrient).
- Oral Supplementation with Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Improves Lean Body Mass in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29672184
Stair climb improvement indicates better lower‑extremity function and mobility.
- Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women
PubMed ID: 15105032
Get‑up‑and‑go time improved markedly in elderly women — direct mobility measure.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
Increases in muscle index and grip strength suggest better mobility potential in sarcopenic older adults.
- Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37248756
HMB + resistance training increased gait speed significantly in sarcopenic older adults (direct mobility measure).
- Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28539168
In elderly hip‑fracture patients, maintenance of appendicular lean mass and nutrition with HMB‑ONS is likely to support improved mobility during recovery.
Workout performance (5)
- The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes
PubMed ID: 26849784
Crossover trial in trained athletes improved VO2max and body composition, supporting performance gains.
- The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 28708126
12‑week study in combat athletes increased anaerobic peak power and ventilatory threshold with HMB.
- Effects of 4 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric Free Acid Supplementation on the Onset of Neuromuscular Fatigue
PubMed ID: 26418369
HIIT trial in untrained men/women: adding HMB produced greater increases in physical working capacity at the neuromuscular fatigue threshold (PWC(FT)) vs HIIT alone—direct performance benefit.
- Effects of Co-Ingestion of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and L-Arginine α-Ketoglutarate on Jump Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes
PubMed ID: 33805883
Young-athlete trial: Ca‑HMB+AAKG prevented decline in countermovement jump power during intensive training — direct performance preservation.
- Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program
PubMed ID: 11448573
Additive effects of HMB and creatine on strength and lean mass can translate to better training performance.
Endurance (4)
- Effect of Oral Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Physical Performance in Healthy Old Women Over 65 Years: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26529601
Older active women: Ca‑HMB improved some endurance tests modestly.
- The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes
PubMed ID: 26849784
Trained athletes showed increased VO2max and ventilatory threshold with HMB in a crossover RCT—supports endurance benefits.
- The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 28708126
Combat athletes improved ventilatory threshold and anaerobic peak power with HMB—endurance and high‑intensity stamina relevance.
- Effects of 4 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric Free Acid Supplementation on the Onset of Neuromuscular Fatigue
PubMed ID: 26418369
HIIT + HMB RCT in untrained adults: significant greater increase in physical working capacity at the neuromuscular fatigue threshold (PWC(FT)) with HMB—direct evidence for endurance/stamina boost.
Muscle soreness (1)
- Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training
PubMed ID: 8941534
Lower plasma CK with HMB suggests reduced muscle damage/soreness during early training.
Bone health (1)
- Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
PubMed ID: 26522923
Pulmonary‑rehab RCT with HMB‑enriched ONS reported increases in bone mineral density—direct evidence for bone support (multi‑nutrient supplement).
Forms of HMB
The form a label may print instead of HMB. Each is a different substance with its own identifier, and none of them has research of its own — the studies are the ones on this page.
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with HMB
Search all90 products whose verified label declares HMB — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.