Saffron
18 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
179 products in our catalogue print how much Saffron a serving holds.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 25% of 179 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 1 mg or less | 4 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 38 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 4 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 5 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 39 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 44 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 35 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 3 |
| over 250 mg | 7 |
Dose per serving from research
85 study groups in 78 studies say how much Saffron participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 51% of 85 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 10 mg or less | 3 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 12 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 43 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 18 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 6 |
| over 250 mg | 3 |
Benefit Evidence
Research sources
Mood balance (28)
- Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25484177
Adjunctive crocin produced large decreases in BDI and BAI vs placebo — strong evidence for mood/anxiety improvement as adjunct therapy.
- A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression
PubMed ID: 27101556
12‑week RCT showed robust reduction in depression and anxiety scores with saffron vs placebo.
- Comparison of Saffron versus Fluoxetine in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Postpartum Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 27595298
Postpartum depression trial found saffron produced similar results to fluoxetine (comparable antidepressant effect).
- Crocus sativus L. versus Citalopram in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Anxious Distress: A Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 27701683
Saffron (30 mg/day) performed comparably to citalopram for depression/anxiety in anxious major depression.
- affron(®) a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28735826
Large RCT in healthy adults showed dose-dependent mood improvements and reduced anxiety/stress.
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) in mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depression
PubMed ID: 29157808
Postpartum RCT showed large, clinically meaningful decreases in BDI-II and high remission rates with saffron.
- The effects of crocin on the symptoms of depression in subjects with metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 29068592
Crocin RCT in metabolic‑syndrome patients reduced depressive symptoms vs placebo.
- Efficacy of Crocus sativus (saffron) in treatment of major depressive disorder associated with post-menopausal hot flashes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29332222
Postmenopausal trial reduced depressive symptoms alongside hot-flash improvement.
- affron(®), a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 29510352
Adolescent RCT reported moderate-to-large improvements in self-reported depression/anxiety with saffron.
- A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on depression and food craving among overweight women with mild to moderate depression
PubMed ID: 31602695
12-week RCT in overweight women showed a substantial and statistically significant reduction in BDI-II vs placebo.
- Crocus Sativus L. (saffron) versus sertraline on symptoms of depression among older people with major depressive disorders-a double-blind, randomized intervention study
PubMed ID: 31669837
Saffron (60 mg/day) was comparable to sertraline for major depression in older adults.
- Efficacy of a standardised saffron extract (affron®) as an add-on to antidepressant medication for the treatment of persistent depressive symptoms in adults: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 31475623
Large adjunct antidepressant RCT showed marked clinician-rated MADRS improvement with saffron.
- Amelioration of anxiety, depression, and chemotherapy related toxicity after crocin administration during chemotherapy of breast cancer: A double blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34164855
Crocin lowered anxiety and depression during chemotherapy.
- Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33599345
Crocin comparable to fluoxetine for OCD and anxiety—mood‑related benefit present.
- The effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) herbal tea on happiness in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37264347
Saffron herbal tea produced a large increase in self‑reported happiness in postmenopausal women (validated happiness scale result).
- The effect of saffron and corrective exercises on depression and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37801956
Saffron improved depression scores and QoL in women with MS (randomized design, multiple arms but saffron effect present).
- Effect of vitamin E with and without saffron on the sexual function in women of reproductive age with sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38408971
Saffron + vitamin E improved sexual function and reduced depression/anxiety/stress in reproductive‑age women (clear mood benefit in RCT).
- An Examination into the Effects of a Saffron Extract (Affron) on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40414301
Large 12‑week randomized trial showed modest but statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in depressive symptoms with saffron extract.
- Therapeutic Potential of Saffron Extract in Mild Depression: A Study of Its Role on Anhedonia in Rats and Humans
PubMed ID: 39754520
Small add‑on RCT: saffron plus antidepressant produced greater reductions in MADRS total and anhedonia than placebo augmentation.
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
Trial demonstrated a clinically meaningful reduction in depression scores (adjusted −4.58 points) — strong direct evidence for mood benefits in the studied group.
- Comparison of petal of Crocus sativus L. and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a pilot double-blind randomized trial
PubMed ID: 17174460
Petal saffron showed antidepressant equivalence to fluoxetine in a pilot trial — supports mood effects though small sample.
- Crocus sativus L. (petal) in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16979327
Petal extract reduced depression vs placebo — placebo-controlled support for mood benefit.
- Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial
PubMed ID: 15707766
Saffron performed similarly to fluoxetine for depression in a randomized trial — supports antidepressant/mood effects.
- Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 15852492
Placebo-controlled RCT showed significant reduction in depression scores vs placebo — strong evidence for mood support.
- Comparison of Crocus sativus L. and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial [ISRCTN45683816]
PubMed ID: 15341662
Small double-blind trial showed saffron reduced HAM-D similarly to imipramine, indicating antidepressant effect despite limitations.
- The Effect of Saffron on Depression among Recovered Consumers of Methamphetamine Living with HIV/AIDS
PubMed ID: 29543538
Saffron reduced depression scores in recovered methamphetamine users with HIV/AIDS (semi-experimental study).
- The Effects of Combined Scutellaria and Saffron Supplementation on Mood Regulation in Participants with Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 40077679
Large 4‑arm RCT found modest extra improvements in clinician‑rated depression and well‑being with saffron vs placebo.
- A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. with fluoxetine for improving mild to moderate depression in post percutaneous coronary intervention patients
PubMed ID: 24289892
Saffron performed similarly to fluoxetine for post-PCI depression — supports mood benefit in that clinical subgroup.
Immune support (14)
- Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33856733
Crocin 30 mg lowered hs‑CRP, TNF‑α and NF‑κB in T2DM—strong anti‑inflammatory/immune marker effects.
- An evaluation of the effect of saffron supplementation on the antibody titer to heat-shock protein (HSP) 70, hsCRP and spirometry test in patients with mild and moderate persistent allergic asthma: A triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30509713
Asthma RCT showed significant reductions in hs-CRP and anti-HSP70 and improved lung function (anti-inflammatory/immune effect).
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
12‑week trial reported reduced CRP (systemic inflammation) in Parkinson's patients—supports an anti‑inflammatory/immune‑modulating effect.
- The effects of saffron supplementation on inflammation and hematological parameters in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40346613
Robust reductions in CRP, IL‑6, IL‑18, TNF‑α and improved clinical scores in septic ICU patients (strong anti‑inflammatory/immunomodulatory signal).
- Effects of crocin on inflammatory biomarkers and mental health status in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38306888
Crocin lowered hs‑CRP and improved anxiety in MS patients (anti‑inflammatory effect documented).
- The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes-specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38874882
Saffron with/without exercise decreased IL‑6 and TNF‑α in obese T2D women (anti‑inflammatory effect).
- Effect of crocin of Crocus sativus L. on serum inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36628554
Crocin reduced systemic IL‑6 and TNF‑α in COPD, indicating anti‑inflammatory/immune modulation.
- The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in conjunction with concurrent training on body composition, glycaemic status, and inflammatory markers in obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35001410
Saffron (±exercise) reduced multiple inflammatory markers (TNF‑α, hs‑CRP, IL‑6 etc.).
- Immunoregulatory Effects of Krocina™, a Herbal Medicine Made of Crocin, on Osteoarthritis Patients: A Successful Clinical Trial in Iran
PubMed ID: 32615659
Crocin product in OA decreased CRP and increased Treg%—immune regulation signal.
- The effect of saffron supplement on clinical outcomes and metabolic profiles in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32048365
RA trial reduced tender joint count and implies anti‑inflammatory action in autoimmune disease.
- A Randomized, Triple-blind Placebo-controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Saffron on the Serum Levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed ID: 32615663
MS RCT produced significant MMP‑9 decrease and TIMP‑1 increase—direct immunomodulatory biomarker changes.
- Effects of saffron supplementation on glycemia and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study
PubMed ID: 32408117
T2DM RCT downregulated TNF‑α and IL‑6 mRNA—clear anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Effects of crocin and saffron aqueous extract on gene expression of SIRT1, AMPK, LOX1, NF-κB, and MCP-1 in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31797473
Crocin decreased MCP-1 and altered NF-κB expression in CAD patients, indicating immune/inflammatory modulation.
- Effects of crocin in reducing DNA damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis patients: A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31617649
Crocin reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17) in MS, supporting immune-modulatory effects.
Stress & Anxiety (12)
- The Effects of Combined Scutellaria and Saffron Supplementation on Mood Regulation in Participants with Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 40077679
Large 4‑arm RCT showed modest extra improvements in depression/anxiety measures with saffron (supports stress/anxiety reduction).
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
Improvements in mood, sleep and QoL suggest reduced stress burden in Parkinson's patients though no specific stress scales were primary endpoints.
- An Examination into the Effects of a Saffron Extract (Affron) on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40414301
12‑week saffron extract produced modest but significant antidepressant effects and improved well‑being (secondary stress reduction relevance).
- Effect of vitamin E with and without saffron on the sexual function in women of reproductive age with sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38408971
Saffron + vitamin E reduced depression/anxiety/stress in women with sexual dysfunction (validated mood/stress scales improved).
- Amelioration of anxiety, depression, and chemotherapy related toxicity after crocin administration during chemotherapy of breast cancer: A double blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34164855
Crocin during chemotherapy lowered anxiety and depression—direct stress/anxiety reduction evidence.
- Efficacy of a standardised saffron extract (affron®) as an add-on to antidepressant medication for the treatment of persistent depressive symptoms in adults: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 31475623
Adjunct antidepressant trial produced clinician-rated mood improvements that can reduce stress.
- affron(®), a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 29510352
Adolescent RCT showed reductions in internalizing symptoms (depression/anxiety) with saffron.
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) in mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depression
PubMed ID: 29157808
Postpartum breastfeeding RCT produced large drops in depression (and likely stress) vs placebo.
- affron(®) a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28735826
Large 4‑week RCT in healthy adults showed dose-dependent reductions in stress/anxiety with standardized saffron extract.
- A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression
PubMed ID: 27101556
12‑week RCT showed saffron significantly reduced depression and anxiety scores vs placebo (stress/anxiety reduction).
- Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25484177
Adjunctive crocin produced marked decreases in anxiety and general health improvements — strong evidence for stress/anxiety relief when used with SSRIs.
- Psychological and neuroendocrinological effects of odor of saffron (Crocus sativus)
PubMed ID: 21242071
Scent exposure study showed acute cortisol reduction and decreased anxiety (STAI) — direct short-term stress-reduction evidence.
Wellbeing (10)
- Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25484177
Adjunctive crocin improved general health (GHQ) markedly vs placebo — supports overall well-being as part of mood/anxiety improvement.
- Crocus Sativus L. (saffron) versus sertraline on symptoms of depression among older people with major depressive disorders-a double-blind, randomized intervention study
PubMed ID: 31669837
Saffron similar to sertraline for depression suggests broad well‑being benefits.
- Efficacy of a standardised saffron extract (affron®) as an add-on to antidepressant medication for the treatment of persistent depressive symptoms in adults: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 31475623
Adjunct antidepressant benefits and improved clinician-rated mood imply improved overall well‑being.
- The effects of saffron supplementation on inflammation and hematological parameters in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40346613
Saffron improved clinical severity scores (APACHE II, SOFA, NUTRIC) and inflammatory markers in ICU patients—meaningful clinical wellbeing signal.
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
Multiple quality‑of‑life measures improved in the 12‑week trial, indicating a broad positive effect on overall well‑being in participants.
- The effect of saffron and corrective exercises on depression and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37801956
Saffron improved depression and quality‑of‑life domains in women with MS (QoL benefits).
- Effects of saffron on sleep quality in healthy adults with self-reported poor sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32056539
Improved subjective sleep quality in poor sleepers typically enhances well‑being.
- An Examination into the Effects of a Saffron Extract (Affron) on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40414301
Saffron modestly improved depression and had favorable responder rates, supporting better overall wellbeing.
- The effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) herbal tea on happiness in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37264347
Large increase in happiness scores with saffron tea indicates broad well‑being benefit.
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) in mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depression
PubMed ID: 29157808
Large improvements in postpartum mood/remission rates translate to marked improvement in overall well‑being.
Heart health (11)
- The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in conjunction with concurrent training on body composition, glycaemic status, and inflammatory markers in obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35001410
Reduced inflammatory markers and HbA1c with saffron ± exercise—supports cardiovascular risk reduction.
- The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on glycemia, lipid profile, and antioxidant status in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36580575
T2DM RCT improved lipid/atherogenic indices and liver enzymes — relevant to cardiovascular risk.
- Effect of Crocus sativus Extract Supplementation in the Metabolic Control of People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38999837
Saffron in a probiotic formulation lowered triglycerides and HbA1c in type 1 diabetes (metabolic/Cardiac risk improvements).
- The anti-dyslipidemia property of saffron petal hydroalcoholicextract in cardiovascular patients: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37202063
Saffron petal extract notably lowered triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL in dyslipidemic patients (direct lipid improvements).
- An evaluation of the effects of saffron supplementation on the asthma clinical symptoms and asthma severity in patients with mild and moderate persistent allergic asthma: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30795753
Asthma trial reported LDL reduction — possible cardiovascular risk improvement though not a CV population.
- The effect of hydroalcoholic Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver, and renal function tests in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30942510
T2DM RCT showed improvements in fasting glucose, HbA1c and LDL-c/total cholesterol, supporting cardiometabolic health.
- Saffron aqueous extract prevents metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia on olanzapine treatment: a randomized triple blind placebo controlled study
PubMed ID: 24955550
Saffron prevented olanzapine-related increases in fasting glucose and reduced metabolic syndrome incidence, which are relevant to cardiometabolic risk.
- Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Crocus sativus on Serum Cytokine Levels in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28637418
Metabolic-syndrome RCT reduced triglycerides (~31.6%) and improved lipid/inflammatory profile.
- Effects of crocin and saffron aqueous extract on gene expression of SIRT1, AMPK, LOX1, NF-κB, and MCP-1 in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31797473
Crocin lowered ox‑LDL, MCP‑1 and favorably altered SIRT1/AMPK/LOX1/NF-κB gene expression in CAD patients.
- The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes-specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38874882
Saffron (with/without exercise) reduced glucose, fibrinogen and inflammatory markers relevant to cardiovascular risk.
- Evaluation of therapeutic effects of crocin in attenuating the progression of diabetic nephropathy: a preliminary randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36209091
Crocin reduced triglycerides in diabetics with nephropathy (beneficial for cardiometabolic risk).
Antioxidant (10)
- Saffron improves life and sleep quality, glycaemic status, lipid profile and liver function in diabetic patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33960081
T2DM trial reported improved oxidative markers and liver enzymes.
- The effect of saffron supplementation on some inflammatory and oxidative markers, leptin, adiponectin, and body composition in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32798261
NAFLD RCT showed decreased MDA and increased TAC—direct antioxidant biomarker effects.
- The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on glycemia, lipid profile, and antioxidant status in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36580575
T2DM RCT reduced MDA and other oxidative markers (clear antioxidant signal).
- Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33856733
Crocin trial lowered inflammatory markers which often accompany oxidative stress; MDA unchanged but inflammatory/oxidative link present.
- Effects of crocin and saffron aqueous extract on gene expression of SIRT1, AMPK, LOX1, NF-κB, and MCP-1 in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31797473
Crocin lowered oxidized-LDL and modulated gene expression linked to oxidative stress in CAD patients.
- Effects of crocin in reducing DNA damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis patients: A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31617649
Crocin RCT in MS showed robust reductions in oxidative damage and increased total antioxidant capacity.
- Effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on lipid profile, glycemic indices and antioxidant status among overweight/obese prediabetic individuals: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31677703
Prediabetes trial showed increased DPPH antioxidant activity with saffron vs placebo.
- Effects of saffron supplementation on oxidative/antioxidant status and severity of disease in ulcerative colitis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 33015869
UC RCT increased TAC and SOD, consistent antioxidant action.
- Evaluation of modulatory effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract on oxidative stress in ischemic stroke patients: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33151132
Acute ischemic stroke trial showed increased GSH/TAC and lowered MDA after saffron.
- The effect of crocetin (a saffron carotenoid) supplementation on antioxidant and inflammatory indexes and serum leptin concentration in patients with coronary artery disease
PubMed ID: 40400479
Crocetin increased catalase activity in CAD patients (biomarker of antioxidant activity).
Relaxation (9)
- A standardised saffron extract improves subjective and objective sleep quality in healthy older adults with sleep complaints: results from the gut-sleep-brain axis randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 40762630
Saffron improved sleep parameters, which commonly underpin relaxation and restorative states.
- An investigation into an evening intake of a saffron extract (affron®) on sleep quality, cortisol, and melatonin concentrations in adults with poor sleep: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose study
PubMed ID: 34438361
Sleep improvements and increased melatonin imply relaxation effects.
- Psychological and neuroendocrinological effects of odor of saffron (Crocus sativus)
PubMed ID: 21242071
Inhalation study lowered cortisol and anxiety acutely — supports brief relaxation effects from scent exposure.
- Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25484177
Adjunctive crocin reduced anxiety scores notably, which is consistent with relaxation/anti-anxiety effects in clinical depression.
- A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression
PubMed ID: 27101556
Reductions in anxiety/depression scores suggest a relaxation-promoting effect.
- affron(®) a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28735826
Saffron reduced stress/anxiety in healthy adults, consistent with relaxation effects.
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) in mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depression
PubMed ID: 29157808
Large mood/stress improvements in postpartum mothers imply increased relaxation.
- Effects of saffron on sleep quality in healthy adults with self-reported poor sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32056539
Subjective sleep quality improvement supports relaxation.
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
Improved sleep and mood imply better relaxation; no direct relaxation measures but reasonable indirect support from QoL/sleep improvements.
Weight management (8)
- The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in conjunction with concurrent training on body composition, glycaemic status, and inflammatory markers in obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35001410
Saffron + exercise produced additive glycemic and inflammatory improvements—helpful for weight/metabolic control.
- Effect of Crocus sativus Extract Supplementation in the Metabolic Control of People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38999837
Saffron‑containing probiotic product modestly lowered HbA1c and triglycerides over 6 months (metabolic benefit relevant to weight management).
- Saffron improves life and sleep quality, glycaemic status, lipid profile and liver function in diabetic patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33960081
Overweight/obese T2DM study improved glycemia, triglycerides and liver enzymes—supports metabolic/weight management goals.
- Saffron aqueous extract prevents metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia on olanzapine treatment: a randomized triple blind placebo controlled study
PubMed ID: 24955550
Saffron prevented olanzapine-induced increases in glucose/metabolic syndrome risk, supporting metabolic/weight-related protection in that clinical setting.
- The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on glycemia, lipid profile, and antioxidant status in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36580575
T2DM trial improved FBS and lipid/atherogenic indices—metabolic benefit relevant to weight management.
- Effect of crocin on diabetic patients: A placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35871933
Large T2DM trial found improved FBS and HbA1c; metabolic improvements can support weight control (indirect).
- The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes-specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38874882
Saffron (200 mg/day) with/without exercise improved glucose, insulin resistance and inflammatory/hemostatic markers in obese T2D women—supports metabolic/weight‑related benefit.
- Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women
PubMed ID: 20579522
8-week RCT with Satiereal saffron extract showed reduced snacking frequency and greater weight loss vs placebo — direct positive evidence.
Mental clarity (7)
- Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 16-week, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20831681
16-week placebo-controlled RCT showed improved ADAS-cog and CDR scores — good evidence for cognitive benefit.
- Comparing the efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. with memantine in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25163440
12-month trial found saffron comparable to memantine in moderate–severe AD — supports longer-term cognitive benefit though data are modest.
- Efficacy and Safety of Crocus sativus L. in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: One Year Single-Blind Randomized, with Parallel Groups, Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 27472878
One-year trial in MCI showed MMSE improvement and supportive EEG/MRI/ERP changes with saffron.
- Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33599345
Crocin comparable to fluoxetine for OCD—implies effects on intrusive thoughts/control (mental clarity domain).
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
Cognitive status improved (adjusted +0.78 points) in a randomized trial—modest but direct evidence for cognitive/mental clarity benefits.
- Protective properties of the aqueous extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in ischemic stroke, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30914350
Post-stroke trial showed improved neuronal markers/BNDF and better functional outcomes, supporting cognitive recovery.
- A 22-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
PubMed ID: 19838862
22-week trial found saffron comparable to donepezil on cognition in mild–moderate AD, supporting cognitive/mental clarity benefits.
Sleep quality (6)
- Effect of crocetin on quality of sleep: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
PubMed ID: 30477864
Crocetin RCT increased slow-wave sleep power and improved subjective 'feeling refreshed' on waking.
- An investigation into an evening intake of a saffron extract (affron®) on sleep quality, cortisol, and melatonin concentrations in adults with poor sleep: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose study
PubMed ID: 34438361
Large RCT (14/28 mg) improved sleep quality and increased evening melatonin—strong sleep-specific evidence.
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
Trial reported improved sleep measures in Parkinson's patients over 12 weeks—direct evidence for sleep benefit in that population.
- A standardised saffron extract improves subjective and objective sleep quality in healthy older adults with sleep complaints: results from the gut-sleep-brain axis randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 40762630
Four weeks of saffron (30 mg/day) improved subjective and objective sleep measures and shortened sleep onset in older adults (randomized pilot with objective data).
- Effects of Saffron Extract on Sleep Quality: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33925432
Actigraphy and questionnaire RCT showed increased time in bed and improved PSQI in chronic sleep disorder.
- Effects of saffron on sleep quality in healthy adults with self-reported poor sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32056539
Same as above — clear subjective sleep benefit.
Focus & concentration (5)
- The effect of saffron supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41439298
Cognitive improvements in the trial support better focus/concentration, though changes were modest and population was Parkinson's patients.
- Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33599345
Crocin comparable to fluoxetine for OCD/anxiety suggests improved cognitive control and reduced intrusive thoughts.
- Crocus sativus L. Versus Methylphenidate in Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 30741567
Pilot RCT in children found saffron had similar short-term effects to methylphenidate on ADHD ratings (attention-related).
- Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 16-week, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20831681
ADAS-cog improvements in mild-to-moderate AD vs placebo indicate better cognitive functioning, relevant to focus/concentration.
- A 22-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
PubMed ID: 19838862
Comparable effects to donepezil on cognition suggest possible benefits for attention/concentration in early AD.
Eye health (5)
- Beneficial Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation in Restoring the Altered Microbiota and Gut-Retina Axis in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration-A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39599758
Micronutrient mix containing saffron improved best‑corrected visual acuity in neovascular AMD patients (objective ophthalmic improvement).
- The ocular hypotensive effect of saffron extract in primary open angle glaucoma: a pilot study
PubMed ID: 25319729
Randomized masked pilot found a clinically meaningful ~3.25 mmHg IOP reduction in glaucoma patients on standard therapy — direct ocular benefit.
- Antioxidant Saffron and Central Retinal Function in ABCA4-Related Stargardt Macular Dystrophy
PubMed ID: 31618812
Stargardt crossover pilot showed saffron tended to stabilize central retinal electrophysiology amplitude.
- Saffron therapy for the treatment of mild/moderate age-related macular degeneration: a randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30343354
Saffron 20 mg/day produced small but significant improvements in visual function measures in AMD patients.
- Effects of Crocin on Diabetic Maculopathy: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29550187
Crocin 15 mg improved central macular thickness, BCVA and HbA1c in refractory diabetic maculopathy (clear retinal benefit).
Sexual wellness (4)
- Effect of saffron on fluoxetine-induced sexual impairment in men: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22552758
Randomized DB trial showed oral saffron improved erectile function in men with SSRI-related sexual dysfunction — strong targeted evidence.
- Saffron for treatment of fluoxetine-induced sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 23280545
Randomized DB trial improved FSFI domains in women on fluoxetine — good evidence for female sexual function improvements.
- Effect of vitamin E with and without saffron on the sexual function in women of reproductive age with sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38408971
Saffron added to vitamin E produced a substantial increase in FSFI total and subdomain scores (direct sexual/libido benefit).
- Effects of a Topical Saffron (Crocus sativus L) Gel on Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetics: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25948674
Topical saffron gel improved erectile function in diabetic men vs placebo — direct evidence in a specific population.
Joint comfort (3)
- The effect of saffron supplement on clinical outcomes and metabolic profiles in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32048365
Active RA RCT showed reduced tender joint count and some clinical improvement—direct joint/pain benefit.
- Immunoregulatory Effects of Krocina™, a Herbal Medicine Made of Crocin, on Osteoarthritis Patients: A Successful Clinical Trial in Iran
PubMed ID: 32615659
OA crocin product reduced CRP and modulated Treg%, but pain improved in both arms (mixed clinical signal).
- Significant Effect of Crocin on the Gene Expression of MicroRNA-21 and MicroRNA-155 in Patients with Osteoarthritis
PubMed ID: 35822682
Crocin modulated inflammation‑related microRNAs in osteoarthritis patients (molecular surrogate suggesting potential joint‑inflammation modulation).
Digestive support (2)
- Efficacy and safety of jollab to treat functional dyspepsia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25777290
Large RCT of a jollab mix (contains saffron) produced substantial improvement in functional dyspepsia, though saffron was one component.
- Effects of saffron supplementation on oxidative/antioxidant status and severity of disease in ulcerative colitis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 33015869
Ulcerative colitis RCT showed reduced disease activity (SCCAI) — direct digestive benefit.
Energy & Fatigue (1)
- Efficacy and Safety of Jollab (a Saffron-Based Beverage) on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35767970
Saffron‑containing tonic significantly reduced fatigue scores in breast cancer patients (subjective energy/fatigue).
Appetite suppression (1)
- Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women
PubMed ID: 20579522
Study reported decreased snacking frequency with a saffron extract (Satiereal) — direct appetite-control evidence.
Menstrual comfort (1)
- Efficacy of Crocus sativus (saffron) in treatment of major depressive disorder associated with post-menopausal hot flashes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29332222
Postmenopausal women experienced reduced hot‑flash impact and depressive symptoms with saffron (women's reproductive comfort domain).
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Saffron
Search all273 products whose verified label declares Saffron — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.