Glycine
17 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
1,790 products in our catalogue print how much Glycine a serving holds.
Most common: 250 mg to 500 mg, 23% of 1,790 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 25 mg or less | 77 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 175 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 185 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 259 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 411 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 303 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 207 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 162 |
| over 5 g | 11 |
Dose per serving from research
13 study groups in 10 studies say how much Glycine participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 2.5 g to 5 g, 23% of 13 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 250 mg or less | 1 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 2 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 1 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 1 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 3 |
| 5 g to 10 g | 2 |
| 10 g to 25 g | 2 |
| 25 g to 50 g | 0 |
| over 50 g | 1 |
Benefit Evidence
Skin hydration/elasticity
+26%, +5.7
Pigmentation/redness/wrinkles:-19.5%
Better recovery +â1.6 days
Immune/metabolic recovery +â50% mortality
Lower diabetes risk
Weight loss +3.5kg
Improved weight maintenance
Research sources
Wellbeing (28)
- Efficacy and safety of add-on sarcosine in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39180989
Sarcosine adjunct to SSRIs produced clinically meaningful mood improvement and biomarker changesâstrong evidence for a glycineârelated intervention improving overall wellbeing.
- Nitrogen balance, 3-methylhistidine excretion, and plasma amino acid profile in infants after cardiac operations for congenital heart defects: the effect of early nutritional support
PubMed ID: 9434700
Aminoâacid support in postoperative infants improved nitrogen balance and preserved glycine â supports recovery/wellbeing in a vulnerable population.
- Perioperative GLY-GLN infusion diminishes the surgery-induced period of immunosuppression: accelerated restoration of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha response
PubMed ID: 12496537
Glycylâglutamine perioperative infusion restored immune responsiveness postâsurgery â supports clinical recovery and wellbeing.
- [Impact of intravenous nutrition on plasma free amino acid spectrum and immune function for patients with sepsis]
PubMed ID: 17571315
Aminoâacid supplementation in sepsis improved aminoâacid profiles and immunoglobulins â positive for patient wellbeing during critical illness.
- Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
PubMed ID: 33105552
Glutathione-precursor supplements that included glycine substantially raised GSH and improved redox biomarkers and vitamin status (direct human RCT).
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC randomized trial in older adults improved glutathione, lowered oxidative stress and improved physical function â multi-domain wellbeing effects (glycine+NAC).
- Glycine transporter I inhibitor, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 15023571
Sarcosine produced broad symptomatic improvements in schizophrenia â supports improved overall wellbeing.
- Sarcosine or D-serine add-on treatment for acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 16275807
Sarcosine adjunct improved PANSS total and negative symptoms in acutely ill inpatients â evidence for better overall clinical state.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison study of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) and D-serine add-on treatment for schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 19887019
Sarcosine improved quality of life and global functioning in chronic schizophreniaâdirect support for improved wellbeing.
- Inhibition of glycine transporter-I as a novel mechanism for the treatment of depression
PubMed ID: 23562005
Sarcosine produced faster/better remission and lower dropouts vs citalopramâmeaningful overall wellbeing gains.
- Randomized proof of concept trial of GLYX-13, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site partial agonist, in major depressive disorder nonresponsive to a previous antidepressant agent
PubMed ID: 25782764
GLYXâ13 produced rapid antidepressant effects and improved clinical symptomsâstrong wellbeing benefit.
- Supplementation of Antipsychotic Treatment with the Amino Acid Sarcosine Influences Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Parameters in Left Frontal White Matter in Patients with Schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 26506383
Sarcosine produced symptomatic and spectroscopic improvementsâsupports overall clinical benefit.
- Adding Sarcosine to Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients with Stable Schizophrenia Changes the Concentrations of Neuronal and Glial Metabolites in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed ID: 26501260
Sarcosine addâon improved clinical symptoms and neuronal metabolitesâconsistent with improved wellbeing.
- Betaine supplementation decreases post-methionine hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal failure
PubMed ID: 11849459
Glycine betaine supplementation produced a clear metabolic benefit (18% lower postâmethionine homocysteine) in humans â strongest direct glycineârelated clinical evidence in dataset.
- Non-Targeted Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis Showed Rice Bran Supplementation Effects Multiple Metabolic Pathways during Infant Weaning and Growth in Mali
PubMed ID: 35276967
Riceâbran during weaning improved infant weight (WAZ/WLZ) and increased antioxidant/aminoâacid markers â clear positive effects on child wellbeing/nutrition.
- Ingestion of a collagen peptide containing high concentrations of prolyl-hydroxyproline and hydroxyprolyl-glycine reduces advanced glycation end products levels in the skin and subcutaneous blood vessel walls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 37245058
12-week fish-derived collagen peptide intake lowered skin AGEs and modestly improved an insulin-resistance markerâchanges plausibly contributing to wellbeing.
- The effect of oral supplements containing collagen peptides rich in X-Hyp or X-Hyp-Gly compared with normal collagen hydrolysates on skin elasticity and collagen holes: a randomised double-blind clinical study
PubMed ID: 37970760
Low-molecular-weight collagen peptides increased skin elasticity and improved peptide absorption, outcomes linked to subjective wellbeing/appearance.
- The efficacy of ferrous bisglycinate and electrolytic iron as fortificants in bread in iron-deficient school children
PubMed ID: 16512940
Ferrous bisglycinate (iron chelate of glycine) RCT in ironâdeficient children improved hemoglobin/iron markers; improved iron status commonly improves overall wellbeing/energy.
- Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure
PubMed ID: 24144057
Direct human RCT of glycine showed reductions in lipid peroxidation and SBP (in men) â tangible metabolic improvements linked to wellbeing.
- Effectiveness of treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children with ferrous bis-glycinate chelate
PubMed ID: 11377130
Ferrous bis-glycinate raised hemoglobin and ferritin significantly in anemic infants â clear, clinically meaningful improvement in wellbeing from treating iron deficiency.
- The use of sugar fortified with iron tris-glycinate chelate in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children
PubMed ID: 11688083
Field trial of iron tris-glycinate (glycine-chelated iron) produced clear improvements in hemoglobin, ferritin and growth indices â meaningful health/wellbeing evidence.
- Iron bis-glycine chelate competes for the nonheme-iron absorption pathway
PubMed ID: 12198002
Demonstrated that iron bis-glycine chelate is absorbed via the nonheme iron pathway â supports the bioavailability and clinical utility of glycine-chelated iron.
- [Observation on the efficacy of glycine chelated iron (II) in improving nutritional anemia in children]
PubMed ID: 16329604
Glycineâchelated iron(II) improved hemoglobin and decreased FEP in ironâdeficient children â clinically meaningful improvement consistent with better wellbeing.
- Low dose 'Sprinkles'-- an innovative approach to treat iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children
PubMed ID: 17351300
Iron in a ferrousâglycine form increased hemoglobin in anemic infants/children â correcting anemia yields substantial improvements in energy and wellbeing.
- [Effectiveness of different iron supplementation strategies on hemoglobin and ferritin levels among schoolchildren in Teresina, PiauĂ State, Brazil]
PubMed ID: 17572803
Weekly ferrous bisâglycinate increased hemoglobin in schoolchildren; similar rationale to 17351300 for improved wellbeing.
- Glycine treatment decreases proinflammatory cytokines and increases interferon-gamma in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 18852529
Direct randomized trial of oral glycine (5 g/day) improved A1C and lowered inflammatory markers in T2DM â clinically meaningful effects likely to improve general health/wellbeing.
- [Efficacy and safety of glycine and limontar in the complex therapy of discirculatory encephalopathy and encephalopathy in diabetes mellitus type I]
PubMed ID: 20559273
Clinical glycine (with limontar) improved neuropsychological function and vascular reactivity, consistent with a meaningful wellbeing benefit in that patient group.
- Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron is as effective as ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron in the prophylaxis of iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy in a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 24152889
Ferrous bisglycinate provided equivalent iron repletion with fewer GI complaints and possible better neonatal outcomes â meaningful clinical benefit of a glycineâchelated product.
Mood balance (17)
- Inhibition of glycine transporter-I as a novel mechanism for the treatment of depression
PubMed ID: 23562005
Sarcosine outperformed citalopram on depression outcomes in a small trialâstrong evidence for mood benefit.
- Supplementation with whey peptide rich in β-lactolin improves trait anxiety and subjective stress in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 39379481
Wheyâderived glycineâcontaining peptide lowered trait anxiety and perceived stress, indicating calmer mood effects.
- Efficacy and safety of add-on sarcosine in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39180989
Sarcosine (Nâmethyl glycine) added to SSRIs produced significant symptom reductionâdirect clinical evidence for mood benefit of a glycine derivative.
- Serum levels of interleukin 6 in schizophrenic patients during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study)
PubMed ID: 29417623
Sarcosine addition to antipsychotics produced clinical improvement in negative symptoms, implying meaningful mood/affect benefits via glycinergic modulation (indirect).
- BDNF serum levels in schizophrenic patients during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study)
PubMed ID: 27262086
Sarcosine augmentation improved negative and general psychopathology in schizophrenia â directly relevant to mood improvement.
- Maintenance of antidepressant and antisuicidal effects by D-cycloserine among patients with treatment-resistant depression who responded to low-dose ketamine infusion: a double-blind randomized placebo-control study
PubMed ID: 31421635
Dâcycloserine helped maintain lower suicidal-item scores after ketamineâclinically relevant mood/safety signal.
- MMP-9 Serum Levels in Schizophrenic Patients during Treatment Augmentation with Sarcosine (Results of the PULSAR Study)
PubMed ID: 27409603
Sarcosine addâon improved PANSS total and negative subscales in a controlled trialâmood/negativeâsymptom benefit.
- Adding Sarcosine to Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients with Stable Schizophrenia Changes the Concentrations of Neuronal and Glial Metabolites in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed ID: 26501260
Sarcosine addâon produced sizable PANSS symptom improvement, consistent with improved mood/negative symptoms.
- Supplementation of Antipsychotic Treatment with the Amino Acid Sarcosine Influences Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Parameters in Left Frontal White Matter in Patients with Schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 26506383
Six months of sarcosine lowered glutamatergic markers and improved overall symptomsâsupports calmer affect and clinical benefit.
- Randomized proof of concept trial of GLYX-13, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site partial agonist, in major depressive disorder nonresponsive to a previous antidepressant agent
PubMed ID: 25782764
GLYXâ13 produced rapid antidepressant effectsâstrong evidence for mood improvement.
- Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site temporally ameliorates neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease with dementia
PubMed ID: 24612097
Sarcosine improved depression and neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD dementiaârelevant to mood calming.
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Single Dâserine dose transiently improved mood (reduced depression/anxiety VAS) in healthy adults.
- Application of glycine in acute alcohol hallucinosis
PubMed ID: 16247737
Randomized doubleâblind trial: sublingual glycine significantly decreased severity of acute alcohol hallucinosis â strongest direct human CNS evidence in the dataset, consistent with mood/symptom calming.
- Supplementation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine â GlyT1 inhibitor â causes changes of glutamatergic (1)NMR spectroscopy parameters in the left hippocampus in patients with stable schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 26306650
Sarcosine augmentation produced clinical symptom improvements in schizophrenia (mood/negative symptoms improvements plausible via NMDA modulation).
- Glycine transporter I inhibitor, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 15023571
Sarcosine (glycine transporter inhibitor) improved positive/negative/cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia in randomized trial â relevant to mood/overall psychiatric wellbeing.
- Sarcosine or D-serine add-on treatment for acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 16275807
Sarcosine adjunct to risperidone improved PANSS and SANS vs placebo in acutely ill inpatients â supports affective/symptom improvements.
- D-serine efficacy as add-on pharmacotherapy to risperidone and olanzapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 15780844
Dâserine added to antipsychotics produced >20% reductions in BPRS in treatmentârefractory schizophrenia â relevant to clinical symptom/mood improvement.
Focus & concentration (12)
- Supplementation of Antipsychotic Treatment with the Amino Acid Sarcosine Influences Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Parameters in Left Frontal White Matter in Patients with Schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 26506383
Sarcosine addâon produced spectroscopic changes and clinical improvement consistent with cognitive/functional benefit.
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Single oral Dâserine transiently improved attention/vigilance in healthy adultsâgood acute evidence for focus enhancement.
- The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-cycloserine facilitates declarative learning and hippocampal activity in humans
PubMed ID: 20303474
D-cycloserine enhanced hippocampus-dependent learning in healthy volunteersâsupports improved cognitive processing and attention.
- Efficacy and safety of the novel glycine transporter inhibitor BI 425809 once daily in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study
PubMed ID: 33610228
GlyT1 inhibitor (BI 425809) produced small but significant cognitive improvements â directly implicates glycine neurotransmission and focus.
- Supplementation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine â GlyT1 inhibitor â causes changes of glutamatergic (1)NMR spectroscopy parameters in the left hippocampus in patients with stable schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 26306650
Sarcosine (GlyT1-related) added to antipsychotics improved symptoms and reduced hippocampal glutamatergic markers, supporting cognitive/attention benefits via glycine-system modulation.
- SGS742: the first GABA(B) receptor antagonist in clinical trials
PubMed ID: 15451390
Compound that increases glycine release (SGS742) improved attention/processing in MCI â mechanistic but not direct glycine supplement evidence.
- Serum levels of TNF-alpha in patients with chronic schizophrenia during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study)
PubMed ID: 30130712
Sarcosine augmentation (increases glycine at NMDA receptors) improved negative/overall schizophrenia symptoms â indirect support for cognitive/attentional benefit.
- BDNF serum levels in schizophrenic patients during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study)
PubMed ID: 27262086
Sarcosine augmentation improved schizophrenia negative symptoms and general psychopathology â plausibly improves cognitive focus/attention.
- [Efficacy and safety of glycine and limontar in the complex therapy of discirculatory encephalopathy and encephalopathy in diabetes mellitus type I]
PubMed ID: 20559273
Oral glycine (with limontar) produced measurable neuropsychological improvements in diabetic encephalopathy â plausible benefit for cognitive focus.
- Effect of the NMDA receptor partial agonist, d-cycloserine, on emotional processing and autobiographical memory
PubMed ID: 32375905
Single dose Dâcycloserine improved emotional memory and autobiographical specificityâevidence of acute cognitive enhancement.
- Dose-Related Target Occupancy and Effects on Circuitry, Behavior, and Neuroplasticity of the Glycine Transporter-1 Inhibitor PF-03463275 in Healthy and Schizophrenia Subjects
PubMed ID: 29499855
PFâ03463275 enhanced an LTP-like biomarker and improved working-memory accuracyâbiological and functional support for focus improvement.
- Adding Sarcosine to Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients with Stable Schizophrenia Changes the Concentrations of Neuronal and Glial Metabolites in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed ID: 26501260
Sarcosine increased neuronal/glial metabolites in DLPFC and improved symptomsâsupports improved cortical function related to focus.
Energy & Fatigue (9)
- Effectiveness of treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children with ferrous bis-glycinate chelate
PubMed ID: 11377130
Correction of iron deficiency (large increases in ferritin and hemoglobin) directly reduces fatigue and supports steadier daily energy.
- Changes to insulin sensitivity in glucose clearance systems and redox following dietary supplementation with a novel cysteine-rich protein: A pilot randomized controlled trial in humans with type-2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 37812879
Significant improvement in insulinâstimulated glucose clearance and muscle perfusion from a glycineârich supplement supports more stable energy availability.
- Efficacy and safety of ferrous asparto glycinate in the management of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women
PubMed ID: 24959663
Improved hemoglobin/ferritin from a glycine-containing iron chelate likely increases energy and reduces fatigue in anemic subjects.
- Diets rich in whole grains increase betainized compounds associated with glucose metabolism
PubMed ID: 30256894
Wholeâgrain diets increased betainized metabolites that correlated inversely with postprandial glucose and insulin responses â good evidence for steadier postâmeal energy.
- The efficacy of ferrous bisglycinate and electrolytic iron as fortificants in bread in iron-deficient school children
PubMed ID: 16512940
Ferrous bisglycinate RCT in ironâdeficient children produced improved hemoglobin/iron markers that are tightly linked to energy levels and reduced fatigue.
- Low dose 'Sprinkles'-- an innovative approach to treat iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children
PubMed ID: 17351300
Correction of anemia with ironâglycine formulations increases hemoglobin â commonly produces noticeable improvements in energy.
- [Effectiveness of different iron supplementation strategies on hemoglobin and ferritin levels among schoolchildren in Teresina, PiauĂ State, Brazil]
PubMed ID: 17572803
Ferrous bisâglycinate raised hemoglobin in schoolchildren â same rationale for steadier energy.
- Glycine treatment decreases proinflammatory cytokines and increases interferon-gamma in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 18852529
Glycine reduced A1C in T2DM â improved glycemic control often leads to steadier energy across the day.
- Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron is as effective as ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron in the prophylaxis of iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy in a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 24152889
Ferrous bisglycinate prevented iron deficiency as effectively as ferrous sulfate with fewer GI complaints â directly relevant to maintaining iron status and steady energy.
Digestive support (8)
- Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron is as effective as ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron in the prophylaxis of iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy in a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 24152889
Ferrous bisglycinate (iron chelated to glycine) caused significantly fewer gastrointestinal complaints vs ferrous sulfate â direct clinical GI comfort signal for a glycine-containing formulation.
- Effect of Fermented Soybean (FSB) Supplementation on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
PubMed ID: 39203915
12âweek fermented soybean supplement markedly reduced GERD symptoms (heartburn/regurgitation); relevant to digestive comfort though not pure glycine.
- Treatment of symptomatic oral mucositis with sodium hyaluronate and synthetic amino acid precursors of collagen in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
PubMed ID: 29921408
Spray containing hyaluronic acid + amino acids including glycine reduced oral mucositis severity and duration, easing oral feeding-related discomfort.
- Glycine, glycyl-glycine and maltodextrin based oral rehydration solution. Assessment of efficacy and safety in comparison to standard ORS
PubMed ID: 2201165
Randomized ORS with glycine/glyglycine improved early urine output and early weight gain â direct glycine-containing rehydration evidence.
- Tolerability of iron: a comparison of bis-glycino iron II and ferrous sulfate
PubMed ID: 1799918
Bis-glycino iron (glycine-chelated) caused fewer GI side effects than ferrous sulfate â supports improved digestive tolerability.
- Management of acute diarrhoea in diabetic patients using oral rehydration solutions containing glucose, rice, or glycine
PubMed ID: 8148710
Direct evidence: glycineâcontaining oral rehydration solution (ORS) in diabetics was as safe and effective as glucose/rice ORS for stool output and recovery â supports digestive comfort with glycine in ORS.
- Biliary bile acids in primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid
PubMed ID: 10347103
Study documents major shifts toward glycine conjugation of bile acids â a plausible mechanism by which glycine availability could affect bile composition and digestion/comfort.
- Is a Lower Dose of More Bioavailable Iron (18-mg Ferrous Bisglycinate) Noninferior to 60-mg Ferrous Sulfate in Increasing Ferritin Concentrations While Reducing Gut Inflammation and Enteropathogen Detection in Cambodian Women? A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
PubMed ID: 37271416
Ferrous bisglycinate (ironâglycine chelate) had different tolerability and fewer black stools vs sulfate â direct GI tolerability relevance.
Stress & Anxiety (10)
- Inhibition of glycine transporter-I as a novel mechanism for the treatment of depression
PubMed ID: 23562005
Sarcosine improved depressive symptoms vs citalopramâconsistent with reduced stress/distress.
- Perioperative GLY-GLN infusion diminishes the surgery-induced period of immunosuppression: accelerated restoration of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha response
PubMed ID: 12496537
Glycylâglutamine perioperative infusion reduced surgeryâassociated immunosuppression and normalized TNF response â evidence for reducing physiological stress consequences.
- Supplementation with whey peptide rich in β-lactolin improves trait anxiety and subjective stress in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 39379481
Randomized trial of a whey peptide containing glycine showed significant reductions in trait anxiety and perceived stress vs placebo.
- Efficacy and safety of add-on sarcosine in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39180989
Sarcosine adjunct reduced depressive symptomsâstrong human evidence for stress/mood reduction associated with a glycine derivative.
- Integration of Traditional and Metabolomics Biomarkers Identifies Prognostic Metabolites for Predicting Responsiveness to Nutritional Intervention against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
PubMed ID: 28273855
Baseline urinary glycine predicted a greater antioxidant response to blackâraspberry intervention â links glycine status to oxidative stress outcomes.
- Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure
PubMed ID: 24144057
Human glycine supplementation (15 g/d) reduced lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and altered antioxidant enzyme activity â strong direct evidence of reduced oxidative stress.
- Maintenance of antidepressant and antisuicidal effects by D-cycloserine among patients with treatment-resistant depression who responded to low-dose ketamine infusion: a double-blind randomized placebo-control study
PubMed ID: 31421635
Dâcycloserine helped maintain lower suicidal-item scores post-ketamineâreflects reduced severe distress.
- Randomized proof of concept trial of GLYX-13, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site partial agonist, in major depressive disorder nonresponsive to a previous antidepressant agent
PubMed ID: 25782764
GLYXâ13 produced rapid antidepressant effectsâstrongly indicative of reduced stress/distress.
- Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site temporally ameliorates neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease with dementia
PubMed ID: 24612097
Sarcosine transiently improved depression/neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD dementiaâreduces stress-related symptoms.
- [Impact of intravenous nutrition on plasma free amino acid spectrum and immune function for patients with sepsis]
PubMed ID: 17571315
Aminoâacid infusion in sepsis improved immune markers â supports reduced biological stress in critical illness.
Skin health (9)
- Clinical and instrumental assessment of the effects of a new product based on hydroxypropyl chitosan and potassium azeloyl diglycinate in the management of rosacea
PubMed ID: 22360333
Doubleâblind randomized trial: topical potassium azeloyl diglycinate (glycineâcontaining) significantly reduced erythema and increased hydration in rosacea patients â strong topical skin evidence.
- A Novel Approach Against Male Pattern Hair Loss With Topical Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt (DMG-Na) and Caffeine: Efficacy of a 24-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40820949
Topical dimethylglycine (a glycine derivative) showed large, clinically meaningful improvements in hair density and anagen fraction in a randomized trialâstrong dermatologic/cosmetic evidence.
- Effects of a combination of botanical actives on skin health and antioxidant status in post-menopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34260808
Randomized skin nutraceutical (including soy germ) improved skin elasticity/roughness and raised GSH â direct evidence for a soyâcontaining product improving skin, though not pure glycine.
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial of AYP-101 (Soybean Phosphatidylcholine) for Submental Fat Reduction in Asian Adults
PubMed ID: 40850886
Intralesional soybean phosphatidylcholine reduced submental fat (cosmetic effect) â relevant to appearance/skin contouring (soyâderived product).
- A Novel Dermocosmetic Routine Containing Vitamin B3 and 2-Mercaptonicotinyl Glycine Significantly Improves Melasma After 3âMonths of Daily Use
PubMed ID: 41036635
Dermocosmetic routine containing a mercaptonicotinylâglycine derivative improved melasma severity and skin hydration comparably to Kligman regimen â strong direct dermatologic evidence for a glycineâcontaining compound.
- 2-Mercaptonicotinoyl glycine prevents UV-induced skin darkening and delayed tanning in healthy subjects: A randomized controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 38372022
Topical 2âMNG (a glycine derivative) significantly reduced UVâinduced pigmentationâdirect, highâquality evidence for a glycineârelated topical improving skin appearance.
- A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine
PubMed ID: 11347285
Topical zinc oxide/glycine cream shortened cold sore lesion duration and symptoms when applied early â clear skin benefit for that application.
- The effect of oral supplements containing collagen peptides rich in X-Hyp or X-Hyp-Gly compared with normal collagen hydrolysates on skin elasticity and collagen holes: a randomised double-blind clinical study
PubMed ID: 37970760
Clinical trial: low-MW collagen peptides increased skin elasticity and showed greater post-digestive small-peptide uptake; direct skin benefit.
- Ingestion of a collagen peptide containing high concentrations of prolyl-hydroxyproline and hydroxyprolyl-glycine reduces advanced glycation end products levels in the skin and subcutaneous blood vessel walls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 37245058
12-week fish-derived collagen peptides reduced skin advanced glycation end products (AGEs), an objective marker of skin aging.
Memory (7)
- Efficacy and safety of the novel glycine transporter inhibitor BI 425809 once daily in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study
PubMed ID: 33610228
GlyT1 inhibition produced modest but significant cognitive improvements â directly relevant to memory enhancement.
- [Efficacy and safety of glycine and limontar in the complex therapy of discirculatory encephalopathy and encephalopathy in diabetes mellitus type I]
PubMed ID: 20559273
Glycine+limontar produced significant neuropsychological score improvements in diabetic encephalopathy, supporting a memory-related benefit.
- Effect of the NMDA receptor partial agonist, d-cycloserine, on emotional processing and autobiographical memory
PubMed ID: 32375905
Single 250 mg Dâcycloserine increased positive emotional memory and autobiographical memory specificityâdirect memory enhancement evidence.
- Dose-Related Target Occupancy and Effects on Circuitry, Behavior, and Neuroplasticity of the Glycine Transporter-1 Inhibitor PF-03463275 in Healthy and Schizophrenia Subjects
PubMed ID: 29499855
PFâ03463275 enhanced an LTP-like biomarker and improved working memory accuracyâsupports memory enhancement biologically.
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Single Dâserine dose improved verbal-memory retention acutely in healthy adults.
- The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-cycloserine facilitates declarative learning and hippocampal activity in humans
PubMed ID: 20303474
Dâcycloserine enhanced hippocampus-dependent declarative learning and hippocampal activationâstrong memory benefit.
- Supplementation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine â GlyT1 inhibitor â causes changes of glutamatergic (1)NMR spectroscopy parameters in the left hippocampus in patients with stable schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 26306650
Sarcosine reduced hippocampal glutamate markers and improved schizophrenia symptomsâsupports memory/cognitive gains via glycine-system modulation.
Illness recovery (8)
- Early enteral supplementation with key pharmaconutrients improves Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in critically ill patients with sepsis: outcome of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial
PubMed ID: 18007263
Enteral pharmaconutrition containing glycine sped organâfunction recovery in septic ICU patients (SOFA slope improvement); strongest recoveryârelated human signal in dataset (but multiânutrient formula).
- [Impact of intravenous nutrition on plasma free amino acid spectrum and immune function for patients with sepsis]
PubMed ID: 17571315
Aminoâacid supplementation in sepsis improved aminoâacid availability and immune effectors â consistent with faster recovery in critical illness.
- Perioperative GLY-GLN infusion diminishes the surgery-induced period of immunosuppression: accelerated restoration of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha response
PubMed ID: 12496537
Perioperative glycylâglutamine restored immune function after surgery and reduced immunosuppression â directly supports faster postoperative recovery.
- [Observation on the efficacy of glycine chelated iron (II) in improving nutritional anemia in children]
PubMed ID: 16329604
Correction of iron deficiency anemia with glycineâchelated iron supports clinical recovery in affected children.
- Nitrogen balance, 3-methylhistidine excretion, and plasma amino acid profile in infants after cardiac operations for congenital heart defects: the effect of early nutritional support
PubMed ID: 9434700
Postoperative infants with aminoâacid support had better nitrogen balance and preserved glycine â supports improved recovery.
- A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine
PubMed ID: 11347285
Topical zinc/glycine shortened cold-sore duration by ~1.5 days when applied early â evidence of faster lesion recovery.
- Collagen and Vitamin C Supplementation Increases Lower Limb Rate of Force Development
PubMed ID: 34808597
Collagen+vitamin C accelerated recovery of force development and jump metrics versus placebo, indicating quicker functional recovery.
- Neuroprotective effects of glycine for therapy of acute ischaemic stroke
PubMed ID: 10629347
Randomized trial: early oral sublingual glycine after acute ischemic stroke showed improved functional scores, lower shortâterm mortality tendency and favorable CSF biochemical changes â strong signal for faster/ better recovery in that context.
Weight management (5)
- Network Analysis of Metabolite GWAS Hits: Implication of CPS1 and the Urea Cycle in Weight Maintenance
PubMed ID: 26938218
CPS1 genetic/expression links to circulating glycine and association with successful weight maintenance after weight loss â strong mechanistic human multiâomics evidence for glycine pathways in weight regulation.
- Non-Targeted Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis Showed Rice Bran Supplementation Effects Multiple Metabolic Pathways during Infant Weaning and Growth in Mali
PubMed ID: 35276967
Riceâbran during weaning materially improved weightâforâage and weightâforâlength zâscores in infants â direct evidence of promoting healthy weight in this population.
- Exercise-induced changes in metabolic intermediates, hormones, and inflammatory markers associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity
PubMed ID: 20921216
Exercise-induced rises in plasma glycine were strongly associated with improved insulin sensitivity â relevant to weight regulation and metabolic health (indirect evidence for glycine's role).
- The Women's Study for the Alleviation of Vasomotor Symptoms (WAVS): a randomized, controlled trial of a plant-based diet and whole soybeans for postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 34260478
Plantâbased lowâfat diet including daily whole soybeans produced ~3.5 kg weight loss in 12 weeks â clear weight effect.
- Metabolite Profiles of Diabetes Incidence and Intervention Response in the Diabetes Prevention Program
PubMed ID: 26861782
Large DPP subset: higher betaine predicted lower incident diabetes and lifestyle intervention increased betaine â strong human evidence tying betaine/glycineârelated metabolism to lower metabolic disease risk and weight control.
Mental clarity (6)
- [Efficacy and safety of glycine and limontar in the complex therapy of discirculatory encephalopathy and encephalopathy in diabetes mellitus type I]
PubMed ID: 20559273
Observed neuropsychological improvements with oral glycine+limontar suggest improved clarity/mental function (clinical but combined-treatment study).
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Acute improvements in mood and attention after Dâserine support transient increases in mental clarity.
- Supplementation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine â GlyT1 inhibitor â causes changes of glutamatergic (1)NMR spectroscopy parameters in the left hippocampus in patients with stable schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 26306650
Clinical symptom and neurochemical improvements with sarcosine imply clearer cognition via enhanced glycine-related neurotransmission.
- BDNF serum levels in schizophrenic patients during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study)
PubMed ID: 27262086
Sarcosine augmentation improved clinical psychiatric measures; improvement in negative symptoms likely translates to better mental clarity for many patients.
- Dose-Related Target Occupancy and Effects on Circuitry, Behavior, and Neuroplasticity of the Glycine Transporter-1 Inhibitor PF-03463275 in Healthy and Schizophrenia Subjects
PubMed ID: 29499855
Neuroplasticity enhancement and working-memory gains with PFâ03463275 support improved cognitive clarity.
- Efficacy and safety of the novel glycine transporter inhibitor BI 425809 once daily in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study
PubMed ID: 33610228
BI 425809 improved composite cognitive scores â relevant to mental clarity.
Endurance (7)
- Glycine treatment decreases proinflammatory cytokines and increases interferon-gamma in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 18852529
Glycine improved glycemic control (A1C) in T2DM; better metabolic control can contribute to steadier energy and endurance, though endurance per se was not measured.
- Iron bis-glycine chelate competes for the nonheme-iron absorption pathway
PubMed ID: 12198002
Iron bis-glycine chelate uses the nonheme iron pathway and is bioavailable â supports improved iron status and endurance potential.
- The use of sugar fortified with iron tris-glycinate chelate in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children
PubMed ID: 11688083
Iron tris-glycinate raised hemoglobin and ferritin in children (especially anemic) â improved oxygen-carrying capacity supports better endurance.
- Effectiveness of treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children with ferrous bis-glycinate chelate
PubMed ID: 11377130
Markedly higher iron bioavailability and increased hemoglobin/ferritin in infants supports improved oxygen-carrying capacity and endurance in deficient individuals.
- Six-Week Oral Guanidinoacetic Acid Administration Improves Muscular Performance in Healthy Volunteers
PubMed ID: 26079223
Six weeks of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA, a glycine-derived creatine precursor) modestly improved some measures of strength and endurance in young adults.
- Efficacy and safety of ferrous asparto glycinate in the management of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women
PubMed ID: 24959663
Ironâamino acid chelate (contains glycinate) improved hemoglobin/ferritin in anemic pregnant womenâsupports improved endurance/energy.
- Changes to insulin sensitivity in glucose clearance systems and redox following dietary supplementation with a novel cysteine-rich protein: A pilot randomized controlled trial in humans with type-2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 37812879
Improved insulinâstimulated muscle glucose clearance and blood flow plausibly translate into better endurance performance.
Joint comfort (6)
- [A clinical study to determine the optimal dosage of ST-679 in the treatment of rheumatic diseases]
PubMed ID: 8472517
Doseâresponse trial of STâ679 in rheumatic patients showed greater pain reduction at higher doses â supports analgesic (joint) benefit from the drug containing a glycine moiety.
- [The drug treatment of postoperative pain]
PubMed ID: 8472520
STâ679 gave greater/longer postâsurgical analgesia than paracetamol in a small trial â relevant to joint/musculoskeletal pain though effect is drugâbased.
- [The treatment of postoperative pain in obstetrical-gynecologic surgery. A comparative study between ST-679 and paracetamol]
PubMed ID: 8472521
STâ679 provided analgesia comparable to paracetamol with better tolerability in postoperative patients â supports pain relief attribute of the glycineâcontaining drug.
- Effect of dietary nutrients on osteochondrosis lesions and cartilage properties in pigs
PubMed ID: 18447792
Animal (pig) diet with added proline+glycine reduced osteochondrosis lesion severityâdirect animal evidence supporting joint/cartilage benefit.
- [An evaluation of the analgesic activity and tolerance of ST-679 in patients with pain following orthopedic and traumatological interventions]
PubMed ID: 8472522
Postâoperative pain trial where STâ679 relieved orthopedic pain faster/greater than paracetamol â relevant to pain/joint comfort but effect attributable to the drug.
- [An evaluation of the therapeutic activity and tolerance of ST-679 in patients with osteoarthritis at different sites. A controlled double-blind study vs tolmetin]
PubMed ID: 8472518
STâ679 (a tolmetinâglycine derivative) produced clinical improvement in osteoarthritis symptoms â supports joint pain relief, though active drug is not free glycine.
Relaxation (4)
- Efficacy and safety of add-on sarcosine in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39180989
Sarcosine adjunct to SSRIs reduced depressive symptomsâstrong evidence that a glycine derivative can promote relaxation and reduced anxiety.
- Comparison of biofilm removal using glycine air polishing versus sodium bicarbonate air polishing or hand instrumentation on full-arch fixed implant rehabilitations: a split-mouth study
PubMed ID: 31286118
Significantly higher patient comfort scores with glycine airâpolishing indicate greater ease/relaxation during the dental procedure (topical effect).
- Randomized proof of concept trial of GLYX-13, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site partial agonist, in major depressive disorder nonresponsive to a previous antidepressant agent
PubMed ID: 25782764
GLYXâ13's rapid antidepressant effects likely include subjective relaxation/reduction in anxious distress.
- Inhibition of glycine transporter-I as a novel mechanism for the treatment of depression
PubMed ID: 23562005
Sarcosine improved depressive symptoms faster and with fewer dropouts than citalopramâsupports easier relaxation/less tension.
Stress resilience (4)
- Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure
PubMed ID: 24144057
Oral glycine (15 g/d) in metabolicâsyndrome subjects lowered lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant enzymes, suggesting improved physiological stress handling.
- [Impact of intravenous nutrition on plasma free amino acid spectrum and immune function for patients with sepsis]
PubMed ID: 17571315
IV aminoâacid supplementation in severe sepsis raised plasma amino acids (including glycine) and increased IgM/C3/C4 â supports improved immune resilience during critical illness.
- Perioperative GLY-GLN infusion diminishes the surgery-induced period of immunosuppression: accelerated restoration of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha response
PubMed ID: 12496537
Perioperative glycylâglutamine infusion (glycineâcontaining dipeptide) restored LPSâstimulated TNFâÎą and reduced postoperative immunosuppression â strong evidence for resilience to surgical stress.
- Efficacy and safety of add-on sarcosine in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39180989
Sarcosine improved depressive symptoms and increased glycineâstrongest clinical human evidence linking glycineârelated supplementation to improved mood/stress outcomes.
Muscle soreness (2)
- Reduction of postoperative pain and opioid consumption by VVZ-149, first-in-class analgesic molecule: A confirmatory phase 3 trial of laparoscopic colectomy
PubMed ID: 39705738
VVZâ149 (glycine transporter inhibitor) reduced postoperative pain and opioid requirements â strong mechanistic/clinical signal for analgesia (not glycine supplementation).
- Collagen and Vitamin C Supplementation Increases Lower Limb Rate of Force Development
PubMed ID: 34808597
Collagen+vitamin C group recovered functional metrics faster after training, consistent with reduced functional impairment that can accompany soreness.
Exercise recovery (2)
- Collagen and Vitamin C Supplementation Increases Lower Limb Rate of Force Development
PubMed ID: 34808597
Vitamin Câenriched collagen before training helped recovery of rate of force development and some jump metrics versus placebo.
- Nitrogen balance, 3-methylhistidine excretion, and plasma amino acid profile in infants after cardiac operations for congenital heart defects: the effect of early nutritional support
PubMed ID: 9434700
Postoperative infants receiving amino acids had better nitrogen balance and maintained plasma glycine versus glucose only â supports reduced proteolysis and recovery.
Forms of Glycine
The 5 forms a label may print instead of Glycine. Each is a different substance with its own identifier, and none of them has research of its own â the studies are the ones on this page.
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for â a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Glycine
Search all2502 products whose verified label declares Glycine â not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet â this is what the field is asking, not what it found.