Arginine

PubMed ID: 16564254

Perioperative L-arginine reduced cardiac injury and inflammation — supports improved myocardial/vessel outcomes in surgical context.

PubMed ID: 40218864

L-citrulline with bergamot polyphenols increased NO and reactive hyperemia index, indicating improved endothelial/vascular function (pilot, combination).

PubMed ID: 40862485

Oral L‑arginine in sickle cell VOC reduced TRJV and improved hemodynamic/echocardiographic marker, indicating vascular/pressural benefit in that condition.

PubMed ID: 41364169

L‑arginine 6 g/day raised serum NO (endothelial mediator) and TAS in patients with lower limb ischemia — biochemical support for improved endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 40526198

Oral L‑arginine robustly increased NO and improved TRJV/NT‑proBNP and ADMA reductions—strong evidence for improved vascular function.

PubMed ID: 37049398

Citrulline+GSH increased FMD, improved ARG/ADMA, and reduced PWV — strong direct evidence for improved endothelial/vascular function.

PubMed ID: 37812879

Improved muscle microvascular flow under insulin indicates better microvascular endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 36982151

L‑arginine + vitamin C increased plasma arginine and improved arginine/ADMA (marker of NO availability and endothelial function).

PubMed ID: 34973154

Increased cavernous artery PSV demonstrates improved local arterial function.

PubMed ID: 36282078

L-arginine increased NO and lowered ADMA with improved Doppler indices — direct evidence of improved endothelial/vascular function.

PubMed ID: 36501014

Significant increase in FMD (absolute +3.4%) after L-arginine+vitC indicates marked improvement in endothelial/blood-vessel function.

PubMed ID: 35426778

Reduced TRV and pulmonary pressures and improved NT-proBNP suggest improved vascular function in pulmonary circulation with L-arginine.

PubMed ID: 33610421

L-arginine improved diastolic function and LVEF in heart-failure patients, indicating improved vascular/cardiac performance.

PubMed ID: 34004448

L‑arginine supplementation produced reductions in resting and ambulatory BP and increased plasma arginine—consistent with improved endothelial/vascular function.

PubMed ID: 32842812

Preoperative L-arginine/L-citrulline raised plasma arginine and Arg/ADMA ratio — strong biochemical indicator of improved endothelial/vascular function.

PubMed ID: 32392715

Lifestyle intervention lowered ADMA and improved carotid stiffness/cIMT — ADMA is a key regulator of endothelial nitric oxide signaling.

PubMed ID: 31291417

Citrulline markedly enhanced exercise‑associated BP reductions, implying improved endothelial/vascular function via the arginine/NO pathway.

PubMed ID: 30651324

Probiotic raised nitrate and plasma 15N‑nitrate dose‑dependently, indicating increased NO substrate and likely improved endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 30621047

Sanghuang–Danshen increased eNOS phosphorylation and reduced arterial stiffness with arginine/proline pathway changes.

PubMed ID: 31137855

Arginine + B. animalis improved RHI and increased vascular‑relevant metabolites (putrescine/spermidine).

PubMed ID: 30092948

ADMA/SDMA associations with adverse vascular outcomes implicate arginine-NO pathway in blood-vessel health (observational).

PubMed ID: 29858688

Oral L-arginine increased serum arginine and reduced systolic BP in women and decreased FFAs—supports improved endothelial/vascular function via increased substrate availability.

PubMed ID: 29478970

IV arginine (30 g) used as GH stimulus; with sitagliptin it potentiated forearm vasodilation and decreased vascular resistance in women—direct vascular function evidence.

PubMed ID: 28754566

ADMA (arginine pathway inhibitor) correlated negatively with coronary FFR, supporting the importance of arginine/NO balance for epicardial vessel physiology.

PubMed ID: 28851320

Cilostazol improved brachial FMD and baseline L‑arginine predicted FMD response—strong clinical link between arginine biology and endothelial (blood vessel) function.

PubMed ID: 27817128

Randomized trial showing L‑arginine + B‑vitamins improved endothelial function (RHI) after a fatty meal — direct evidence for improved vascular function (though combined nutrients).

PubMed ID: 27281800

Sustained‑release L‑arginine improved postprandial endothelial function in low‑arginine individuals (randomized human trial; direct arginine supplement evidence).

PubMed ID: 26097441

Citrulline+GSH increased plasma arginine and NOx in resistance-trained men, providing physiologic support for improved endothelial/vascular function.

PubMed ID: 26306566

HMB+Gln+Arg supplement increased FMD by 27% over 6 months in older adults (strong endothelial-function signal; arginine part of combo).

PubMed ID: 25804495

Perindopril arginine drug data show improved BP control and fewer edema events, consistent with improved vascular function (pharmaceutical context).

PubMed ID: 26031828

Detailed human metabolic studies show Arg administration affects NO‑related metabolites (hArg, ADMA) that regulate endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 24867069

Improved healing in ABI<1 subgroup of diabetic‑foot ulcer trial implies better local perfusion/vascular responsiveness linked to arginine-containing supplementation.

PubMed ID: 24280041

Exercise lowered ADMA and improved arterial compliance — ADMA is a key inhibitor of NOS, linking to arginine/NO and endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 23734218

Higher ADMA (an endogenous inhibitor of NOS) predicted progression of coronary stenosis, linking impaired arginine→NO signaling to worse vessel outcomes.

PubMed ID: 22533725

Antihypertensive therapy lowered ADMA and improved FMD, implicating the arginine–NO axis; evidence is indirect but relevant to blood-vessel function.

PubMed ID: 23224924

L-citrulline improved peripheral endothelial function indices substantially in systolic heart failure patients, demonstrating improved vascular function via the NO pathway.

PubMed ID: 22313068

L-arginine in cardioplegia reduced oxidative stress and improved myocardial diastolic function—evidence of improved vascular/cardiac tissue function.

PubMed ID: 22732180

Six-month supplementation increased NO and reduced PAI-1, consistent with improved endothelial/vascular function in obese patients.

PubMed ID: 22763798

One-week oral L-arginine restored peripheral blood flow in type 1 diabetics, showing improved vascular responsiveness.

PubMed ID: 21596735

L-arginine + vitamins lowered pre-eclampsia incidence, consistent with improved endothelial/blood-vessel function in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 20424555

High‑dose oral L‑arginine reduced ambulatory BP in mild hypertension, consistent with improved vascular function/systemic hemodynamics.

PubMed ID: 20959430

IV L-arginine increased NO-pathway metabolites, supporting improved endothelial NO availability (biomarker evidence).

PubMed ID: 19544555

Oral L-arginine normalized abnormal platelet NO production and iNOS/eNOS expression in anorexia nervosa patients — evidence of restored NO signaling in blood elements.

PubMed ID: 20865676

Oral L-arginine improved a validated endothelial function index in heart failure patients—strong direct evidence of improved vascular function.

PubMed ID: 21154265

L-arginine therapy lowered pulmonary artery pressure and improved RV function in HFpEF—clinical evidence of improved vascular/hemodynamic function.

PubMed ID: 20134098

Green tea catechins increased NO and decreased ADMA with improved acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation — supports NO-mediated vessel function improvements.

PubMed ID: 20430500

Methylcobalamin+folate lowered ADMA and decreased arterial stiffness in dialysis patients — ADMA reduction improves NO availability and vessel function (indirect).

PubMed ID: 19592054

Strong RCT evidence: oral L-arginine improved ADMA, cGMP, reactive hyperemia and L-arginine/ADMA ratio—direct improvement in endothelial/vessel function.

PubMed ID: 17446439

Repeated brief limb ischemia increased NO-dependent vasodilation, VEGF and EPCs; effects were NOS-dependent — strong mechanistic link to vessel function.

PubMed ID: 17355936

Maternal L-arginine increased maternal/umbilical NO and improved umbilical artery flow indices.

PubMed ID: 17719167

L-arginine altered placental/fetal vascular Doppler indices consistent with improved vessel function in the placenta.

PubMed ID: 17454224

L-arginine lowered blood pressure in gestational hypertension, reflecting improved vascular tone/ endothelial-mediated control.

PubMed ID: 17703218

L-arginine aspartate + Pycnogenol increased eNOS and improved erectile function — consistent with improved endothelial/vessel function.

PubMed ID: 17125930

Enteral arginine raised regional blood flow and improved oxygenation in burns—supports vascular function.

PubMed ID: 16918716

L-arginine improved umbilical and middle cerebral artery Doppler indices and cerebro-placental ratio — direct evidence of improved vessel function in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 16798303

Citrulline supplementation increased arginine and was associated with fewer pulmonary hypertension events (vascular benefit).

PubMed ID: 16140428

Oral L‑arginine improved flow-mediated dilation in CAD patients—direct evidence of improved endothelial (blood-vessel) function.

PubMed ID: 14704633

Oral L-arginine increased circulating NO and antioxidant capacity in PAD patients — direct evidence of improved endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 15336814

L-arginine in cardioplegia increased myocardial nitrite (NO marker), reduced oxidative injury and cardiac enzyme release, and improved clinical outcomes — strong evidence for improved local vascular/endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 12623166

Gliclazide improved antioxidant markers and augmented BP response to IV L-arginine (enhanced NO-mediated vasodilation) — supports blood-vessel function link.

PubMed ID: 11835911

Local L‑arginine at stenting reduced neointimal hyperplasia—improved vascular healing/function locally.

PubMed ID: 12419572

Acute oral L‑arginine produced a large improvement in FMD (endothelium‑dependent dilatation) in hypertensive subjects.

PubMed ID: 11899188

Intraoperative arginine reduced myocardial injury markers and trended to improved cardiac index—vascular/cardiac function implication.

PubMed ID: 11755284

Arginine-rich medical food improved flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) significantly in stable angina patients.

PubMed ID: 12189442

IV L-arginine acutely increased NO markers and reduced oxidative stress—direct evidence of improved endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 11019421

Direct oral L-arginine supplementation for 10 days improved endothelial function, exercise tolerance and reduced platelet aggregation in angina patients.

PubMed ID: 10935153

Significant improvement in FMD after one week with an arginine-containing nutrient bar in hypercholesterolemic adults (clinically meaningful endothelial effect; multi-ingredient).

PubMed ID: 10716474

Direct randomized improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation with L-arginine (8 g/day) in CHF—strong direct evidence for improved vascular endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 9931171

Exercise‑induced endothelial improvements were NO‑dependent, supporting arginine/NO role in vascular health (indirect).

PubMed ID: 9809945

Marked restoration of NO-mediated femoral vasodilation in claudicants following L-arginine infusion demonstrates robust improvement in conduit and microvascular function.

PubMed ID: 9799202

IV L-arginine corrected impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation associated with high ADMA—a direct demonstration of improved vascular endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 8949363

L-arginine responsiveness in renal vasodilation correlated with better LV diastolic filling — vascular responsiveness links to cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 23296279

Oral nitrates lowered ADMA and LVMI and improved BP — supports improved endothelial/vascular function.

PubMed ID: 21240870

Nitrate therapy regressed LV mass, lowered BP and improved vascular indices — clear NO-mediated vascular function benefit.

PubMed ID: 20093623

Red wine increased plasma NO, lowered ADMA and improved FMD in healthy subjects — improved endothelial function via NO.

PubMed ID: 19819787

Compared with metoprolol, nebivolol raised L-arginine and NOx, lowered ADMA and improved exercise tolerance — vessel-function biomarker improvements.

PubMed ID: 19170724

Nebivolol improved endothelial NO availability and endothelium-dependent dilation in hypertensive patients (direct vessel-function improvement).

PubMed ID: 18772860

Nebivolol lowered ADMA and improved flow-mediated dilation in hypertensive patients, indicating improved endothelial (vessel) function.

PubMed ID: 16753767

IV L-arginine lowered BP in pregnancy hypertension, indicating improved endothelial/vascular function in that setting.

PubMed ID: 11788475

Pulse-wave analysis showed L-NMMA inhibited albuterol-induced lowering of AIx — noninvasive demonstration that NO/arginine pathway mediates arterial function.

PubMed ID: 37049398

Citrulline+GSH improved FMD, reduced PWV and blunted BP reactivity — clinically relevant vascular improvements tied to heart health.

PubMed ID: 35964137

Preoperative HMB+L‑arginine+L‑glutamine reduced troponin (~−51%) and CPK‑MB (~−41%) and shortened ICU/hospital stays — clinically meaningful cardiac protection in a trial including arginine.

PubMed ID: 19170724

Nebivolol improved NO availability and endothelial-dependent dilation, with improvements in blood oxygen transport in hypertensives.

PubMed ID: 19819787

Nebivolol increased L-arginine/NO markers and improved exercise tolerance in cardiac syndrome X — relevant to cardiac symptom management.

PubMed ID: 21240870

In dialysis patients, long-acting nitrate therapy lowered BP, reduced LV mass and reduced acute heart-failure events — direct cardiovascular benefit via NO.

PubMed ID: 22858430

Perioperative beta-blocker strategy lowered postoperative AF incidence and was associated with lower ADMA and inflammatory markers — cardiac outcome benefit.

PubMed ID: 23296279

Oral nitrates reduced BP, regressed LVH and lowered plasma ADMA in CAPD patients — strong cardiac/vascular support.

PubMed ID: 35579350

Custodiol‑N (contains arginine) was non‑inferior for myocardial protection with lower peak CK‑MB after CABG, suggesting cardioprotective signal.

PubMed ID: 8949363

L-arginine–responsive vasodilation correlated with improved LV diastolic filling — links arginine-mediated vasodilation to cardiac function.

PubMed ID: 9799202

Demonstrated that elevated ADMA associates with endothelial dysfunction and that IV L-arginine restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation—cardiovascularly relevant mechanism.

PubMed ID: 9809945

Large symptomatic improvements in intermittent claudication and restoration of NO-mediated vasodilation support peripheral vascular/cardiovascular benefits.

PubMed ID: 10716474

L-arginine improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in CHF and had additive benefit with training—relevant to cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 10935153

Improvement in FMD with an arginine-containing nutrient bar in hypercholesterolemic adults supports vascular aspects of heart health (multi-ingredient).

PubMed ID: 11019421

Oral L-arginine improved endothelial function and exercise tolerance in stable angina—relevant to cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 11352886

IV L-arginine markedly reduced cerebral embolic signals after carotid surgery—a clinically meaningful vascular protection signal relevant to cardiovascular/cerebrovascular health.

PubMed ID: 12189442

IV L-arginine raised NO and lowered homocysteine/oxidative stress—mechanisms favorable to cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 11755284

Arginine-enriched medical food improved endothelial function, exercise time and QoL in stable angina—direct cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 11899188

Adding L‑arginine to cardioplegia reduced troponin T after CABG—direct myocardial‑protection signal.

PubMed ID: 11835911

Local delivery at stenting reduced neointimal volume—favors vascular/ coronary outcomes.

PubMed ID: 14664898

High ADMA predicted higher coronary event risk — implicates arginine/NO pathway in cardiovascular risk (observational mechanistic evidence).

PubMed ID: 15336814

Perioperative L-arginine in cardioplegia improved myocardial nitrite, reduced oxidative injury and CK‑MB release, lowered perioperative MI and shortened ICU/hospital stays — strong cardiac benefit.

PubMed ID: 14704633

Increased NO and antioxidant capacity in PAD patients after oral L-arginine is consistent with beneficial effects on vascular/heart health.

PubMed ID: 16140428

L‑arginine improved endothelial function and reduced LDL oxidizability in CAD patients—mechanistic support for cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 15729173

Arginine+canola oil supplementation in renal transplant recipients reduced rejection and cardiac events, implying broader cardiometabolic benefit (combined nutrients).

PubMed ID: 16564254

Adding L-arginine to cardioplegia reduced troponin T, lowered IL-6, and shortened ICU stay after cardiac surgery—direct cardiovascular protective evidence.

PubMed ID: 17454224

L-arginine reduced blood pressure in women with gestational hypertension and prolonged pregnancy, indicating favorable cardiovascular/hemodynamic effects in that setting.

PubMed ID: 19592054

Oral L-arginine improved endothelial function, ADMA and inflammatory markers after CABG—mechanistically supportive of cardiac/vascular health.

PubMed ID: 21063118

Higher plasma L‑arginine/ADMA ratio associated with maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion (observational association).

PubMed ID: 21154265

Oral L-arginine improved pulmonary pressures, right ventricular function, and exercise duration in HFpEF—direct cardio-protective clinical evidence.

PubMed ID: 20865676

Improved endothelial index in diastolic heart failure patients after oral L-arginine/citrulline suggests cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 20354500

L-arginine in cardioplegia reduced myocardial lactate release during CABG, indicating improved myocardial metabolic response under ischemic stress.

PubMed ID: 20424555

High‑dose oral L‑arginine lowered ambulatory BP in mild hypertension for 4 weeks — direct cardiovascular benefit in a small study.

PubMed ID: 21596735

Large RCT in high-risk pregnant women found L-arginine + vitamins reduced pre-eclampsia (a hypertensive disorder) and preterm birth—important cardiovascular/obstetric benefit.

PubMed ID: 21791541

Low homoarginine (arginine-related) associated with higher sudden cardiac death and heart-failure mortality in dialysis patients—supports link between arginine metabolism and cardiac risk (observational).

PubMed ID: 21890081

Diet interventions improved ADMA and l‑arginine/ADMA ratio in heart disease patients, suggesting improved NO availability relevant to cardiac health.

PubMed ID: 22732180

Six-month L-arginine improved NO production and reduced PAI-1 in obese patients, changes relevant to cardiovascular risk modulation.

PubMed ID: 22313068

L-arginine added to cardioplegia reduced oxidative stress markers and preserved early diastolic myocardial function after bypass—direct cardiac-protective effects.

PubMed ID: 23224924

Oral L-citrulline (3 g/day) for 4 months improved left and right ventricular ejection fraction and functional class in systolic heart failure—strong direct evidence supporting cardiovascular benefit via the arginine–NO pathway.

PubMed ID: 24695897

Perioperative arginine-containing nutrition increased myocardial/plasma arginine:ADMA ratio and correlated with better myocardial glucose uptake, suggesting myocardial metabolic benefit (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 25804495

Large RCT: perindopril arginine (drug salt) + amlodipine improved BP control and reduced edema — strong cardiovascular outcome for an arginine salt formulation.

PubMed ID: 26306566

Multi-ingredient HMB+Gln+Arg increased FMD by 27% over 6 months in older adults, a surrogate for cardiovascular health (arg included in combo).

PubMed ID: 27281800

Sustained‑release L‑arginine improved postprandial endothelial function in low-arginine adults, a meaningful cardiovascular surrogate.

PubMed ID: 27003763

Daily L‑arginine reduced preeclampsia in high‑risk pregnancies — indicates major cardiovascular/vascular benefit in that population.

PubMed ID: 27817128

L‑arginine + B‑vitamins improved endothelial function and lowered systolic BP — clinically relevant cardiovascular surrogate improvements.

PubMed ID: 28089476

Large cohort: higher ADMA (an arginine‑derived NOS inhibitor) strongly associated with CV mortality — implicates arginine/NO pathway relevance to heart health (observational).

PubMed ID: 28992467

Rosuvastatin prevented increases in ADMA and increased citrulline (arginine pathway metabolite), indicating modulation of arginine‑NO axis relevant to cardiovascular health.

PubMed ID: 28851320

Improved endothelial FMD with cilostazol and a strong association between baseline L‑arginine and FMD links arginine biology to vascular/endothelial aspects of cardiac risk.

PubMed ID: 28754566

Higher ADMA (NOS inhibitor competing with arginine) associated with worse epicardial coronary physiology (lower FFR) after transplant—supports clinical importance of arginine/NO axis for coronary function.

PubMed ID: 29858688

Randomized oral L-arginine up to 30 g/day produced dose-dependent serum arginine increases and modest systolic BP reduction (in women) — clinically relevant for cardiovascular risk.

PubMed ID: 30092948

Higher ADMA/SDMA (methylated arginines) associated with worse outcomes in AF patients, implicating arginine/NO pathway in cardiovascular risk (observational).

PubMed ID: 31137855

Arginine + B. animalis improved endothelial function (RHI), a cardiovascular risk marker, and raised circulating spermidine.

PubMed ID: 31291417

Citrulline significantly reduced systolic/diastolic BP after exercise in hypertensives — clinically relevant cardiovascular benefit via arginine pathway.

PubMed ID: 32842812

Perioperative L-arginine/L-citrulline raised plasma arginine and Arg/ADMA ratio and trended to fewer clinical events in subgroups — biochemical support for cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 34004448

Oral L‑arginine lowered resting and ambulatory blood pressure during a polluted walk, a clinically relevant cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 33978350

Pregnancy supplementation including arginine reduced abnormal uterine Doppler findings and need for antihypertensives, indicating vascular/cardiovascular‑related benefit in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 33610421

Randomized trial: 3 g/day L-arginine for 10 weeks modestly improved LVEF, diastolic function and quality-of-life in ischemic heart-failure patients—direct clinical cardiac benefit signal.

PubMed ID: 35426778

Reduced TRV and NT-proBNP with L-arginine in sickle cell indicates improved cardiac strain markers and pulmonary-cardiac interaction.

PubMed ID: 36501014

Improved endothelial function (FMD) after arginine+vitC supports vascular health, a key component of heart health.

PubMed ID: 36282078

L-arginine improved pulmonary hypertension indices and increased NO, beneficial for cardiopulmonary hemodynamics relevant to heart function.

PubMed ID: 36982151

Arginine + vitamin C increased plasma arginine and improved arginine/ADMA ratio (NO bioavailability linked to vascular health).

PubMed ID: 37812879

Improved microvascular flow and insulin‑stimulated glucose clearance could reduce cardiovascular risk (metabolic/vascular benefits).

PubMed ID: 40526198

Oral L‑arginine improved echocardiographic TRJV, lowered NT‑proBNP and improved NO/ADMA balance in children with SCD—strong cardiovascular benefit.

PubMed ID: 41364169

L‑arginine increased serum NO (vasodilator) and antioxidants in PAD patients — surrogate favorable cardiac/vascular signals though no ABI change.

PubMed ID: 21284343

High-dose arginine-enriched enteral nutrition significantly lowered postoperative fistula rates after major head & neck surgery—clinically meaningful faster/robust recovery from surgical injury (multinutrient context).

PubMed ID: 20598855

Arginine‑enriched nutritional supplement accelerated pressure‑ulcer healing and reduced care needs—relevant evidence for faster tissue recovery (multi‑nutrient product).

PubMed ID: 22313068

L-arginine in cardioplegia reduced oxidative injury markers and improved early diastolic cardiac function after bypass—evidence for faster recovery from surgical ischemia/reperfusion injury.

PubMed ID: 23812551

Arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition in malnourished gastric cancer patients improved postoperative immune markers and overall survival — indicates enhanced recovery capacity after surgical insult.

PubMed ID: 23838912

Immunonutrition containing arginine reduced infections/leaks and shortened hospitalization post-gastrectomy — consistent with faster surgical recovery (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 24867069

Diabetic‑foot‑ulcer trial: targeted subgroup healing benefits indicate faster recovery from injury/ulceration with arginine-containing supplementation in patients with malnutrition or poor perfusion.

PubMed ID: 25643304

Faster pressure‑ulcer healing with arginine‑enriched nutrition supports improved recovery from tissue injury in malnourished patients.

PubMed ID: 25855918

Postoperative arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition shortened hospital stay and reduced fistula rates after head/neck surgery, indicating faster/smoother recovery.

PubMed ID: 25895497

Preop desmopressin (AVP analogue) reduced intraoperative blood loss and improved surgical field — may facilitate faster operative recovery (drug, not dietary Arg).

PubMed ID: 26846258

Dietary arginine improved intestinal regeneration in stressed broilers — supports role in tissue repair and recovery.

PubMed ID: 28336107

Enteral feeding enriched with arginine/glutamine/omega‑3s linked to fewer early postoperative deaths and better early outcomes — suggests improved acute recovery.

PubMed ID: 28162818

Preoperative immunonutrition reduced complications and length of stay and preserved nutrition/albumin after major pancreatic procedure—consistent with faster/better recovery from surgical injury (formulas usually include arginine).

PubMed ID: 30710211

Preoperative arginine+glutamine substantially reduced fistula recurrence and postoperative infections—faster/cleaner recovery.

PubMed ID: 33075179

Oral L-arginine in children with sickle-cell pain shortened time-to-crisis-resolution and hospital stay — clear evidence of faster clinical recovery from acute injury/crisis.

PubMed ID: 33439085

Arginine‑rich oral nutritional supplement significantly improved wound healing metrics, consistent with faster tissue recovery.

PubMed ID: 34371175

Perioperative immune diet with arginine reduced complication rates and shortened LOS after major head-and-neck surgery—clinical evidence for faster postoperative recovery (multi-nutrient).

PubMed ID: 35148750

Preoperative HMB+arginine+glutamine reduced postoperative inflammatory markers, which is consistent with improved postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 35606184

Pilot perioperative protocol including arginine-rich phases showed fewer infectious complications (suggesting faster/safer recovery; underpowered).

PubMed ID: 36804278

In hospitalized COVID patients, oral L‑arginine markedly increased probability of respiratory‑support reduction and shortened hospital stay (faster recovery from illness/injury).

PubMed ID: 37739730

Supplement (HMB/Arg/Gln) reduced severe mucositis incidence and attenuated weight loss during chemoradiation — supports faster mucosal/clinical recovery (multi‑ingredient).

PubMed ID: 39765161

Preoperative HMB/arginine/glutamine improved functional recovery and shortened hospital stay after cardiac surgery.

PubMed ID: 40374110

Perioperative immunonutrition reduced several severe postoperative complications and improved immune/nutritional markers — strong clinical evidence for faster recovery after surgical injury (arginine often included).

PubMed ID: 11899188

L‑arginine in cardioplegia reduced myocardial injury markers and trended to shorter ICU/hospital stays—faster postoperative recovery signal.

PubMed ID: 11822956

Perioperative arginine-enriched feeding lowered complications and reduced length of stay in malnourished surgical patients.

PubMed ID: 12006956

In very premature infants arginine supplementation dramatically reduced NEC incidence—improves recovery from a severe injury/insult.

PubMed ID: 12464864

Perioperative arginine+n‑3 significantly reduced postoperative infections and complications and shortened hospital stay—indicative of faster recovery.

PubMed ID: 12055582

Five-day preop arginine-containing nutrition reduced postoperative infections and shortened length of stay in GI cancer patients.

PubMed ID: 12428179

Arginine-enriched enteral nutrition reduced fistula rates and tended to shorten stay after major head & neck surgery.

PubMed ID: 11819790

Improved postoperative immune function and reduced inflammatory markers with arginine-containing enteral nutrition support faster postoperative recovery (combination therapy).

PubMed ID: 10752808

Arginine-enriched immune formula in septic ICU patients reduced mortality and nosocomial infections (strong evidence of faster/better recovery from critical illness).

PubMed ID: 11104591

Arginine‑enriched postoperative nutrition reduced infections and LOS in malnourished patients, consistent with faster recovery.

PubMed ID: 11075988

Perioperative immunonutrition (arginine+omega‑3+RNA) reduced postoperative complications and shortened hospital stay (multi-nutrient).

PubMed ID: 10593328

Multicenter trial showed fewer early postoperative infectious events and lower complication rates with perioperative arginine-containing diets (combination).

PubMed ID: 10449977

Immunonutrition shortened hospital stay and reduced complication severity after major surgery, indicating faster recovery (product contained arginine).

PubMed ID: 10199318

Peri/postoperative immunonutrition decreased infectious complications and reduced length of stay after cancer surgery.

PubMed ID: 10574478

Perioperative arginine‑containing formula improved immune/nutritional markers post‑surgery, supporting faster recovery.

PubMed ID: 9428539

Arginine‑enriched enteral formula reduced septic complications and improved recovery after major abdominal surgery.

PubMed ID: 9834924

Perioperative arginine-containing immunonutrition preserved immune function and lowered inflammation after gastrectomy—supporting improved postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 9671364

In critically ill patients who achieved early full enteral feeding, arginine-containing feed was associated with shorter ventilation time and hospital stay, indicating faster recovery.

PubMed ID: 9118656

Certain PN regimens that increased plasma arginine were associated with better protein markers and lower ICU mortality—faster recovery signal.

PubMed ID: 9366716

Immunonutrition including arginine improved immune recovery and shortened hospital stay after major surgery — supports faster recovery.

PubMed ID: 9295822

Reduced late postoperative complications and events after upper GI cancer surgery with arginine-containing enteral nutrition suggests faster recovery (combo product).

PubMed ID: 8831325

DDAVP reversed HES-associated drop in factor VIII and raised coagulation activity rapidly—can reduce bleeding and support recovery (AVP analogue, indirect).

PubMed ID: 8639722

Early arginine‑containing feeding sped nutritional and immune recovery after abdominal surgery.

PubMed ID: 8956766

Perioperative arginine formula increased microperfusion and immune function—consistent with faster postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 8875537

Enteral formula with arginine improved immune markers and lowered inflammation perioperatively, linked to faster recovery.

PubMed ID: 8857857

Severely injured patients fed immune‑enhancing diet containing arginine had far fewer major infections and shorter stays—evidence for faster clinical recovery (multi‑nutrient).

PubMed ID: 7536138

Arginine‑containing enteral formula improved immune markers after GI cancer surgery—supports postoperative recovery (multinutrient).

PubMed ID: 7698046

Topical arginine‑containing matrix markedly improved diabetic ulcer healing—faster local recovery from injury.

PubMed ID: 8924741

Early arginine‑enriched enteral feeding after cancer surgery improved nutritional/immune markers and reduced infection severity and postoperative stay.

PubMed ID: 7726669

Postoperative arginine/omega‑3 enriched feeding reduced infectious/wound complications and length of stay—evidence of faster recovery after surgical injury.

PubMed ID: 7539633

Postoperative improvements in inflammatory and immune markers with arginine‑enriched diet support faster convalescence.

PubMed ID: 7874893

ICU patients receiving arginine‑containing enteral nutrition had shorter hospital stays and fewer infections, indicating faster clinical recovery (combination formula).

PubMed ID: 30180236

L‑arginine mouthwash accelerated early denture‑ulcer healing (clinical trial) → faster mucosal recovery.

PubMed ID: 35964137

Perioperative HMB+L‑arginine+L‑glutamine shortened ICU and hospital stay and reduced cardiac enzyme release — indicates faster clinical recovery in surgical injury setting (multi‑ingredient).

PubMed ID: 7937272

Enteral arginine formula reduced infections and improved nitrogen balance after major trauma, supporting faster/safer recovery.

PubMed ID: 24589090

Preop arginine-containing immunonutrition reduced postoperative infectious complications and modulated immune markers, aiding recovery.

PubMed ID: 2382229

Oral arginine increased wound collagen and lymphocyte responses in humans—supports faster tissue repair/recovery after injury.

PubMed ID: 2112634

Arginine-enriched enteral feeding in burn patients reduced infections and shortened hospital stay, consistent with faster recovery though formula had multiple active nutrients.

PubMed ID: 1377838

Reduced infectious/wound complications and shorter hospital stays with arginine‑containing enteral nutrition — reasonably strong clinical signal for faster recovery (confounded).

PubMed ID: 8342121

Randomized trial: oral arginine promoted collagen/protein deposition and boosted immune cell responses at wound sites — supports faster tissue recovery.

PubMed ID: 12662006

Oral arginine with TB therapy improved sputum conversion and weight gain (accelerated recovery from infectious injury) in HIV-negative patients.

PubMed ID: 15138461

Arginine-enriched enteral formula decreased fistulas and length of stay after major head/neck surgery—evidence for faster postoperative recovery.

PubMed ID: 15103566

Enteral immunonutrition with arginine improved nitrogen balance, severity scores and infection outcomes in critically ill patients — consistent with faster clinical recovery after injury/critical illness (multi‑ingredient intervention).

PubMed ID: 16196295

Arginine-containing enteral immune diet improved endotoxin inactivation and shortened hospital stay after GI surgery — supports faster postoperative recovery (combined formula).

PubMed ID: 16929239

Arginine‑enriched nutrition reduced wound fistulas after major surgery, indicating faster/better surgical recovery in that context.

PubMed ID: 17175635

Randomized trial: oral arginine reduced wound-healing time and hospital stay in severe trauma patients — direct evidence of faster recovery.

PubMed ID: 17125930

Enteral arginine improved mucosal blood flow, oxygenation and reduced lactate in severe burns—physiologic evidence for enhanced recovery.

PubMed ID: 16421661

Preoperative arginine‑containing nutrition preserved immune function around colorectal surgery and is associated with improved postoperative recovery in the immunonutrition literature (multi‑nutrient prep).

PubMed ID: 16564254

L-arginine in cardioplegia lowered troponin T and IL-6 and shortened ICU stay — direct evidence of faster recovery after cardiac injury/surgery.

PubMed ID: 17215743

HMB-containing supplements with arginine/glutamine improved nitrogen balance in critically injured trauma patients — improved nitrogen balance supports recovery after injury (multi-ingredient study).

PubMed ID: 18007263

Septic critically ill patients receiving arginine-containing enteral nutrition showed faster decline in organ-dysfunction scores—direct clinical signal for faster recovery (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 19694342

High-dose arginine in postoperative nutrition reduced fistula frequency and shortened hospital stay after head-and-neck surgery (faster surgical recovery).

PubMed ID: 19629583

Preoperative arginine-containing formula reduced infections and SIRS duration after gastrectomy, supporting faster postoperative recovery (combined intervention).

PubMed ID: 19842559

Arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition helped maintain nutritional and immune markers in severe burns — supports faster recovery from major injury.

PubMed ID: 20881073

Perioperative arginine‑enriched nutrition improved long‑term survival and local control after surgery in malnourished patients, consistent with improved recovery/resilience.

PubMed ID: 11019421

Ten days oral L-arginine improved endothelial function and exercise time in stable angina, indicating improved vascular function/circulation.

PubMed ID: 34973154

High-dose L-arginine increased penile arterial PSV, indicating improved local blood flow.

PubMed ID: 36982151

L‑arginine + vitamin C increased plasma arginine and shifted arginine/ADMA toward normal in long‑COVID patients (improves NO bioavailability/circulation).

PubMed ID: 37812879

Keratin/arginine‑rich protein markedly increased insulin‑stimulated microvascular blood flow (direct microcirculation benefit).

PubMed ID: 37049398

Citrulline+GSH improved FMD and reduced PWV and BP reactivity — strong evidence for improved vascular function/circulation.

PubMed ID: 40526198

Oral L‑arginine in sickle cell lowered TRJV and NT‑proBNP and increased NO/LA:ADMA ratio—strong evidence of improved circulation/vascular load.

PubMed ID: 41364169

6 g/day L‑arginine raised serum NO in lower limb ischemia patients — biochemical evidence supporting improved vasodilatory capacity.

PubMed ID: 40218864

Combination including L-citrulline increased nitric oxide and reactive hyperemia index, demonstrating improved vasodilation/vascular function in cyclists (pilot, combined ingredients).

PubMed ID: 20865676

60 days oral L-arginine improved finger‑plethysmography endothelial index in patients with diastolic heart failure—direct vascular function improvement.

PubMed ID: 20959430

IV L-arginine increased NO-pathway biomarkers in healthy subjects (blunted in migraineurs), supporting capacity to enhance NO-mediated circulation.

PubMed ID: 20424555

High‑dose oral L‑arginine (12 g/day) lowered ambulatory blood pressure in mild hypertension — supports improved systemic circulatory parameters (small study).

PubMed ID: 21596735

Supplementation with L-arginine + vitamins lowered pre-eclampsia incidence—consistent with improved maternal/placental circulation and endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 22763798

One-week oral L-arginine normalized lower-limb blood flow in type 1 diabetics—direct evidence for improved peripheral circulation.

PubMed ID: 22732180

Six-month supplementation raised NO and reduced PAI-1 in obese patients, indicating improved vascular homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 22313068

Addition of L-arginine to cardioplegia improved myocardial diastolic function and reduced oxidative markers, consistent with better cardiac perfusion/vascular effects.

PubMed ID: 23224924

Four months of oral L-citrulline improved endothelial function indices and cardiac output measures in systolic heart failure, indicating marked improvements in systemic circulation.

PubMed ID: 23645695

In sickle cell VOC, oral arginine reduced pain and opioid need — likely related to improved microvascular perfusion/NO-mediated effects (clinical signal).

PubMed ID: 24280041

Aerobic exercise lowered ADMA and improved arterial compliance — ADMA is an arginine/NO pathway inhibitor, so this supports improved vascular function via the NO axis.

PubMed ID: 24867069

Diabetic-foot‑ulcer trial: greater healing rates in subgroup with ABI <1.0 — suggests arginine-containing supplementation improved outcomes where peripheral circulation was impaired.

PubMed ID: 25039302

NCG increased maternal arginine and placental angiogenic markers in pigs, supporting angiogenesis/perfusion (circulatory improvement in placenta).

PubMed ID: 26031828

Human metabolic studies show administered Arg alters NO‑related metabolites (Arg, hArg, ADMA) linked to vascular tone.

PubMed ID: 25804495

Large RCT of perindopril arginine (drug salt) showed superior BP lowering and control rates; demonstrates vascular/pressure benefits of an arginine salt formulation.

PubMed ID: 26306566

Multi-ingredient (HMB+Gln+Arg) produced a 27% FMD increase after 6 months, indicating improved macrovascular endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 26097441

Citrulline+GSH raised plasma arginine and NO metabolites in resistance-trained men, supporting NO-mediated circulation effects.

PubMed ID: 27281800

Sustained‑release L‑arginine improved postprandial endothelial responses in low‑arginine adults (randomized human trial).

PubMed ID: 27817128

Low‑dose L‑arginine with B‑vitamins improved endothelial function (RHI) after a fatty meal and modestly lowered BP — supports better circulation.

PubMed ID: 28992467

Rosuvastatin prevented a rise in ADMA and increased citrulline over 48 weeks in treated HIV patients, indicating modulation of the arginine‑NO pathway relevant to circulation.

PubMed ID: 28851320

Randomized trial showed cilostazol improved brachial FMD and baseline L‑arginine was strongly associated with FMD response—links arginine biology to improved endothelial/blood vessel function.

PubMed ID: 28754566

Higher ADMA (endogenous NOS inhibitor competing with arginine) associated with worse coronary physiology (FFR) after transplant—supports clinical relevance of arginine/NO axis to vascular function.

PubMed ID: 29858688

Oral L-arginine up to 30 g/day raised serum arginine and produced modest systolic BP reductions (in women) and lowered FFAs—strong human evidence for improved systemic hemodynamic/metabolic parameters.

PubMed ID: 31137855

Arginine + B. animalis improved reactive hyperemia index and raised spermidine/putrescine, indicating improved endothelial‑mediated circulation.

PubMed ID: 30621047

Sanghuang–Danshen improved arterial stiffness and increased eNOS activation with metabolomic signals in arginine pathways.

PubMed ID: 31291417

Citrulline (arginine precursor) before exercise produced large, sustained post‑exercise BP reductions in hypertensives — strong vascular/circulatory effect.

PubMed ID: 32392715

Lifestyle intervention improved ADMA and blood pressure/vascular stiffness — ADMA is a key regulator of arginine/NO–dependent circulation.

PubMed ID: 32842812

Pre-op L-arginine/L-citrulline increased plasma L-arginine and the L-arg/ADMA ratio substantially — direct biochemical evidence supporting improved NO-mediated circulation.

PubMed ID: 33260139

Acute L‑arginine lowered VO2, ventilation and heart rate during high‑intensity intervals, indicating reduced cardiovascular strain and improved exercise hemodynamics.

PubMed ID: 34004448

Two weeks oral L‑arginine increased plasma arginine and produced clinically meaningful reductions in resting and ambulatory blood pressure during a polluted walk—evidence of improved hemodynamics.

PubMed ID: 33610421

L-arginine 3 g/day modestly improved LVEF and diastolic function in ischemic heart-failure patients, implying improved cardiac output/perfusion.

PubMed ID: 35426778

Short oral L-arginine reduced TRV and pulmonary artery pressure estimates in sickle cell patients — improved cardiopulmonary hemodynamics.

PubMed ID: 36501014

Arginine+vitC produced a large absolute increase in FMD (endothelial function), a direct measure of improved systemic vascular function.

PubMed ID: 36282078

Oral L-arginine improved Doppler indices of pulmonary hypertension and increased NO while lowering ADMA — clear vascular/vasodilatory benefit.

PubMed ID: 7925518

Nisoldipine improved regional myocardial perfusion — clinical perfusion effect (not arginine) but relevant to circulation outcomes.

PubMed ID: 16753767

IV L-arginine for 5 days lowered blood pressure in gestational hypertension, reflecting improved vascular tone and circulation.

PubMed ID: 18772860

Nebivolol lowered ADMA and improved endothelial function in hypertensive patients, indicating improved systemic circulation via NO pathway.

PubMed ID: 19170724

Nebivolol improved NO-related endothelial function and blood oxygen transport in hypertensive subjects (circulatory improvement).

PubMed ID: 19819787

Nebivolol increased L-arginine/NO metabolites and improved exercise tolerance in cardiac syndrome X, consistent with improved vascular perfusion.

PubMed ID: 21240870

Large randomized nitrate trial in dialysis patients produced meaningful BP lowering and improved cardiac/vascular indices — strong NO-mediated circulation benefit.

PubMed ID: 23296279

Oral nitrates in CAPD patients lowered BP, reduced LV mass and reduced ADMA — clear vascular/ circulation improvements.

PubMed ID: 25495953

Nebivolol increased peripheral blood flow and l-citrulline (NO-related marker) in prehypertensive adults — supports improved circulation via NO pathway.

PubMed ID: 8949363

L-arginine–responsive renal vasodilation correlated with better LV diastolic filling, linking arginine-mediated vasodilation to cardiac/renal circulation benefits.

PubMed ID: 9799202

IV L-arginine acutely restored endothelium-dependent vasodilation in subjects with endothelial dysfunction, directly improving vascular circulation.

PubMed ID: 9809945

L-arginine infusions markedly improved walking distances and restored NO-mediated vasodilation in intermittent claudication—strong clinical evidence of improved limb circulation.

PubMed ID: 10402369

Oral L-arginine improved uterine/perifollicular Doppler flow in IVF patients.

PubMed ID: 9931171

Exercise training improved small‑vessel blood flow via NO pathway; shows NO's role though not an arginine intervention.

PubMed ID: 10737151

A nutrient bar containing L-arginine improved pain-free and total walking distance in claudication, consistent with improved peripheral perfusion (multi-nutrient confounder).

PubMed ID: 10716474

L-arginine (8 g/day) improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in CHF, a direct marker of improved vascular function and circulation.

PubMed ID: 10935153

A nutrient bar containing L-arginine improved FMD in hypercholesterolemic adults, indicating improved endothelial-mediated circulation.

PubMed ID: 34983126

Long-term L-arginine plus tadalafil with shockwave improved erectile function and maintained benefit at 12 months, but effect confounded by PDE5i and shockwave.

PubMed ID: 11352886

IV L-arginine after carotid surgery greatly reduced Doppler-detected cerebral embolic signals, indicating a vascular/clinical circulatory benefit postoperatively.

PubMed ID: 11918749

L-arginine improved renal perfusion and function in experimental ARF and some transplant recipients, reflecting improved local circulation.

PubMed ID: 12189442

IV L-arginine increased nitrite/nitrate (NO markers) and thus supports vasodilation and circulation.

PubMed ID: 11755284

Arginine-rich medical food improved flow-mediated vasodilation and exercise capacity in stable angina, indicating better systemic circulation.

PubMed ID: 12270981

IV L‑arginine dose‑dependently increased renal plasma flow and GFR and lowered systemic arterial pressure—clear circulatory effect.

PubMed ID: 12419572

Acute oral L‑arginine produced a large improvement in flow‑mediated dilation in hypertensive patients (direct vascular perfusion effect).

PubMed ID: 11835911

Local vessel L‑arginine reduced neointimal growth after stenting—improved local vascular outcome.

PubMed ID: 12623166

Gliclazide improved BP response to IV L-arginine in diabetics (enhanced NO-mediated vasodilation) — moderate support for arginine-mediated circulation.

PubMed ID: 15336814

Adding L-arginine to cardioplegia increased myocardial nitrite and reduced injury, improved perioperative outcomes — strong evidence of improved local circulation/NO availability.

PubMed ID: 14704633

28 days oral L-arginine increased blood NO levels and total antioxidant status in PAD patients — strong direct evidence for improved endothelial-derived vasodilator capacity and circulation.

PubMed ID: 16140428

Randomized crossover: oral L‑arginine improved flow‑mediated dilation in CAD patients—direct evidence of improved endothelial-mediated circulation.

PubMed ID: 16798303

Perioperative citrulline (arginine precursor) raised plasma arginine and was associated with fewer postoperative pulmonary hypertension events when citrulline exceeded a threshold.

PubMed ID: 16918716

Low-dose oral L-arginine in preeclampsia improved umbilical and cerebral artery Doppler indices, directly demonstrating improved regional circulation.

PubMed ID: 17125930

Enteral arginine increased gastric mucosal blood flow and improved oxygenation and lactate — clear circulatory benefit in burns.

PubMed ID: 16675725

Clopidogrel addition improved NO‑mediated endothelial function and forearm blood flow—indirect evidence of improved circulation via NO pathway.

PubMed ID: 16564254

L-arginine added to cardioplegia reduced cardiac injury and inflammation — supports myocardial perfusion/benefit to circulation during surgery.

PubMed ID: 17703218

One-month L-arginine aspartate + Pycnogenol improved erectile function and increased eNOS — outcome consistent with improved local circulation via NO.

PubMed ID: 17454224

L-arginine supplementation in gestational hypertension lowered blood pressure and prolonged time to delivery, reflecting improved maternal hemodynamics/circulation.

PubMed ID: 17719167

Oral L-arginine altered fetal/placental Doppler indices consistent with improved circulatory flow in the placenta.

PubMed ID: 17355936

L-arginine improved umbilical artery flow indices and increased NO — direct improvement in regional circulation.

PubMed ID: 17446439

Repeated brief limb ischemia enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation via NO-related mechanisms — demonstrates NO-driven circulation improvements.

PubMed ID: 19033012

Zofenopril produced favorable NO/oxidative stress marker changes and reduced carotid IMT — supports vascular/circulatory health via NO axis (indirect).

PubMed ID: 19592054

Oral L-arginine improved reactive hyperemia, cGMP and L-arginine/ADMA ratio after CABG, indicating improved circulation/endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 20134098

Green tea catechins increased NO and enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in smokers (improved forearm blood flow).

PubMed ID: 21154265

Direct RCT of oral L-arginine (8 g/day) in HFpEF lowered pulmonary artery pressure and improved right heart function and exercise time—strong evidence for improved circulatory parameters.

PubMed ID: 41364169

6 g/day L‑arginine raised serum NO and antioxidant status in PAD patients — surrogate evidence for improved perfusion/nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 40690028

Acute L‑arginine‑enriched food produced large postprandial plasma arginine increases (iAUC ≈+250%) — clear evidence of improved arginine delivery via diet.

PubMed ID: 7937272

Enteral formula with arginine improved nitrogen balance in trauma patients, implying better substrate availability/delivery to tissues.

PubMed ID: 24589090

Preop immunonutrition (contains arginine) reduced infections and altered PGE2/T‑cell markers, consistent with improved perioperative nutrient/immune substrate delivery.

PubMed ID: 8342121

Oral arginine increased local total protein accumulation at catheter wound sites in elderly volunteers — direct evidence of improved local nutrient/protein delivery.

PubMed ID: 7874893

Enteral formula raised plasma arginine and was associated with faster recovery/shorter stay in ICU patients, consistent with improved nutrient availability.

PubMed ID: 7698046

Topical arginine-containing RGD matrix improved diabetic ulcer closure—supports local nutrient/matrix delivery.

PubMed ID: 7536138

Enteral diet with arginine (plus RNA/omega‑3) improved postop immune/protein indices—consistent with improved nutrient effects.

PubMed ID: 8857857

Enteral immune‑enhancing diet containing arginine improved clinical outcomes; supports improved nutritive support (multi‑nutrient confounder).

PubMed ID: 8639722

Arginine‑enriched enteral feeding sped nutritional recovery (prealbumin/RBP improvement) after abdominal surgery.

PubMed ID: 9295822

Enteral immunonutrition containing arginine improved postoperative outcomes and likely improved perioperative nutrient delivery (combination product).

PubMed ID: 9366716

Immunonutrition formula with arginine improved immune recovery and shortened hospital stay, consistent with improved nutritional support/delivery.

PubMed ID: 9799202

IV L-arginine restored endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemia, improving potential tissue perfusion and nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 9671364

Arginine-containing enteral feed reduced ventilation time and hospital stay in early-fed subgroup, implying better nutritional support in critical illness (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 9454908

Short-term high-dose oral L-arginine before chemo improved histopathologic tumor response in smaller tumors, suggesting improved tissue-level drug/nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 9428539

Enteral formula containing arginine (with other nutrients) reduced complications and improved recovery after major surgery, implying improved nutrient handling/delivery.

PubMed ID: 10402369

Oral L-arginine improved ovarian/perifollicular Doppler flow and follicular NO markers.

PubMed ID: 10199318

Perioperative immunonutrition (with arginine) reduced infectious complications and shortened stay—consistent with better peri‑op tissue support.

PubMed ID: 10449977

Enteral immunonutrition containing arginine shortened LOS and reduced complications vs standard nutrition (but product also included omega‑3/RNA).

PubMed ID: 11104591

Arginine‑enriched postoperative enteral nutrition increased lymphocytes and reduced infections/LOS in malnourished patients (combo formula).

PubMed ID: 10933350

Oral L-arginine produced large plasma arginine increases — substrate availability for NO and nutrient delivery is increased despite no FMD benefit.

PubMed ID: 10716474

Improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in CHF (8 g/day) is likely to enhance microvascular nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 10935153

A multi-nutrient bar including L-arginine improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD), implying better endothelial-mediated nutrient flow.

PubMed ID: 10752808

Arginine-enriched immune formula in septic ICU patients lowered mortality/infections and likely improved nutrition-mediated resilience (strong clinical feed effect).

PubMed ID: 11434648

Enteral arginine was well absorbed and raised plasma arginine concentrations—direct evidence of nutrient delivery/absorption.

PubMed ID: 12905875

Enteral arginine-containing diet raised plasma arginine and modestly improved gut permeability, suggesting improved nutrient handling.

PubMed ID: 12006956

Supplementation increased plasma arginine in preemies and reduced NEC, implying improved intestinal function/nutrient handling.

PubMed ID: 11755284

Arginine‑rich medical food improved flow‑mediated dilation (endothelial function) and exercise capacity, implying improved vascular delivery of nutrients.

PubMed ID: 11975938

Multi‑nutrient including L‑arginine increased lean mass (implies improved nutrient/AA delivery to muscle).

PubMed ID: 12924804

Arginine-enriched enteral formula raised total serum protein in severely injured patients (direct evidence of improved nutritional protein status).

PubMed ID: 12662006

Oral arginine with TB therapy increased weight (nutritional gain) in HIV-negative patients (direct supplementation benefit).

PubMed ID: 15138461

Arginine-enriched enteral formula reduced fistulas and shortened stay, consistent with improved perioperative nutrient/support delivery.

PubMed ID: 15280105

Oral L-arginine in growth-restricted pregnancies increased estimated fetal weight gain and birth weight and markedly reduced growth-retarded newborns — direct evidence of improved nutrient delivery to fetus.

PubMed ID: 15851366

Enteral immunonutrition containing arginine (plus glutamine/omega‑3) raised prealbumin/transferrin and improved early nutrition markers.

PubMed ID: 16918716

L-arginine improved uteroplacental Doppler indices, indicating better fetal nutrient perfusion.

PubMed ID: 17125930

Enteral L-arginine in burns increased gastric mucosal blood flow and PO2/FiO2, indicating improved nutrient/oxygen delivery to gut.

PubMed ID: 16815486

Enteral formula containing arginine raised serum arginine and IGF‑I, suggesting improved nutrient availability/delivery.

PubMed ID: 17429201

Enteral formulas containing arginine improved nutritional markers (BMI, leptin) in Crohn's patients, consistent with better nutrient status though multi-nutrient formula confounds attribution.

PubMed ID: 17719167

Oral L-arginine (3 g/day) improved fetal/placental Doppler indices (UA PI, MCA PI, CPR) — direct evidence of improved blood/nutrient delivery to placenta.

PubMed ID: 17355936

L-arginine increased maternal/umbilical NO and improved umbilical artery flow and neonatal birth weight — direct evidence of improved fetal nutrient/flow delivery.

PubMed ID: 19842559

Arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition in burn patients raised nutritional proteins (prealbumin/transferrin), indicating improved nutrient delivery/utilization.

PubMed ID: 20881073

Perioperative arginine‑enriched nutrition improved survival/recurrence in malnourished patients, consistent with improved nutritional/immune support and nutrient utilization.

PubMed ID: 21154265

Oral L-arginine (8 g/day) lowered pulmonary pressures and improved RV function and exercise duration in HFpEF—implies improved central/peripheral perfusion and thus nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 21067292

RCT in fetal growth restriction: L-arginine adjunct improved fetal growth metrics and birthweight, consistent with improved placental nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 21596735

Large RCT of L-arginine + vitamins reduced pre-eclampsia (placental perfusion disorder), consistent with improved placental/vascular nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 22763798

One-week oral L-arginine restored peripheral (lower-limb) blood flow in type 1 diabetics, supporting enhanced delivery to tissues.

PubMed ID: 23224924

Oral L-citrulline (an L-arginine precursor) improved peripheral endothelial indices and ventricular function, which can enhance tissue perfusion and nutrient delivery.

PubMed ID: 22913215

3 mo oral L-arginine (9 g/day) improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) and reduced insulin — plausibly improves cellular nutrient uptake.

PubMed ID: 23849811

Enteral formula enriched with arginine improved body weight and nutritional markers in radiochemotherapy patients, consistent with better nutrient status/delivery.

PubMed ID: 27003763

Maternal L‑arginine reduced preeclampsia and improved birthweight — implies improved nutrient delivery to fetus via vascular effects.

PubMed ID: 26846258

Dietary arginine (with other AAs) improved gut mucosal regeneration in broilers, implying improved local nutrient handling/absorption.

PubMed ID: 28162818

Preoperative immunonutrition (formulas commonly contain arginine) preserved albumin/NRI and shortened LOS, consistent with improved nutritional status/delivery, though multi‑component formula limits attribution solely to arginine.

PubMed ID: 29858688

Oral L-arginine raised serum arginine and reduced glucose/free fatty acids (metabolic substrate handling), implying improved nutrient handling.

PubMed ID: 29672184

Oral HMB+arginine+glutamine increased lean mass in older adults, implying improved nutrient utilization/delivery to muscle.

PubMed ID: 29901417

1 g/day L-arginine with exercise lowered fasting glucose and BMI, consistent with improved metabolic/nutrient handling.

PubMed ID: 32842812

Pre-op L-arginine/L-citrulline raised plasma arginine and Arg/ADMA ratio — biochemical improvement consistent with enhanced microvascular delivery.

PubMed ID: 32949918

Acute high‑protein meal raised plasma arginine concentrations, directly showing increased circulating substrate availability.

PubMed ID: 34371175

Perioperative arginine-containing immune diet increased prealbumin and shortened LOS, consistent with improved perioperative nutrition/uptake (multinutrient formula so not isolated to arginine).

PubMed ID: 35426778

Short oral L-arginine in sickle cell reduced TRV and pulmonary pressures, suggesting improved cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and tissue oxygen delivery.

PubMed ID: 36501014

Oral L-arginine+vitC increased flow-mediated dilation and 6MWD, implying improved endothelial-mediated tissue perfusion and nutrient/oxygen delivery.

PubMed ID: 36282078

Oral L-arginine in β-thalassemia raised NO and improved Doppler pulmonary indices, which supports better pulmonary circulation and oxygen delivery.

PubMed ID: 34973154

High-dose L-arginine increased cavernous artery PSV (penile blood flow) — localized evidence of improved blood delivery.

PubMed ID: 36297065

Arginine‑enriched biscuit altered GLP‑1/PYY and lowered glucose excursions (affects nutrient handling and postprandial delivery).

PubMed ID: 37640809

Enteral L‑citrulline reliably raised plasma citrulline/arginine in preterm infants (increases available substrate).

PubMed ID: 37812879

Keratin/arginine‑rich protein increased muscle microvascular blood flow (improves nutrient delivery to muscle).

PubMed ID: 39765161

Preop HMB/arginine/glutamine improved 6MWD/strength and shortened stay; arginine was a component but not isolated.

PubMed ID: 38613322

Perioperative immunonutrition containing arginine preserved weight/BMI versus preop only; multi‑nutrient formula limits attribution.

PubMed ID: 40526198

Oral L‑arginine increased NO and improved cardiac/pulmonary hemodynamics in sickle cell patients, implying improved tissue perfusion.

PubMed ID: 8639722

Early arginine‑containing enteral feeding sped immune/nutritional recovery and reduced infection severity after abdominal surgery.

PubMed ID: 8875537

Enteral formula with arginine improved immune markers and lowered inflammation post‑surgery, supporting healing.

PubMed ID: 7698046

Topical RGD peptide gel containing an arginine residue markedly increased diabetic foot ulcer healing in an RCT.

PubMed ID: 8924741

Early postoperative arginine‑enriched feeding improved nutritional and immune markers and reduced infection severity and length of stay after cancer surgery, supporting better healing.

PubMed ID: 7726669

Postoperative patients receiving arginine+omega‑3 feeds had fewer wound/infectious complications and shorter stays—consistent with improved healing (combination formula).

PubMed ID: 8831325

DDAVP (vasopressin analogue) markedly increased factor VIII:C after HES-induced reductions — supports faster hemostasis (indirectly relevant to wound healing).

PubMed ID: 9295822

Enteral arginine-containing formula reduced late postoperative infectious/wound complications after upper GI cancer surgery (combination formula).

PubMed ID: 9366716

Immunonutrition (including arginine) improved immune recovery and shortened hospital stay after major cancer surgery — consistent with improved wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 9834924

Perioperative arginine-containing immunonutrition preserved phagocytosis and improved prealbumin—factors that support postoperative tissue repair and healing.

PubMed ID: 9428539

Arginine‑containing enteral nutrition decreased infection severity and complications after surgery—consistent with better wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 10574478

Postoperative improvements in short‑half‑life proteins and cytokines imply better tissue repair capacity.

PubMed ID: 10199318

Perioperative arginine‑containing nutrition reduced infections and shortened hospitalization—consistent with improved surgical wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 10449977

Immunonutrition containing arginine reduced infectious complications and overall postoperative complications including wound issues (combo formula).

PubMed ID: 10593328

Perioperative arginine-containing enteral diets reduced early infections and complications and lowered costs in a multicenter trial (combo product).

PubMed ID: 11075988

Perioperative enteral formula including arginine reduced complications and LOS — suggests improved surgical recovery/wound outcomes (multi-nutrient).

PubMed ID: 11104591

Arginine‑enriched nutrition reduced postoperative infections/wound complications and shortened LOS in malnourished head‑and‑neck cancer patients.

PubMed ID: 10752808

Septic ICU patients fed arginine-enriched formula had fewer infections and lower mortality — clinical immunonutrition benefit relevant to recovery/wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 12428179

Postoperative arginine-enriched enteral feeding reduced fistula rates after head & neck surgery (0% vs 20.8%).

PubMed ID: 12055582

Preop arginine-containing nutrition reduced postoperative infections and shortened stay, consistent with enhanced recovery/healing.

PubMed ID: 12464864

Arginine+n‑3 peri-op nutrition reduced infection rates and improved immune/gut measures related to healing.

PubMed ID: 12192323

Oral mixture containing arginine increased collagen deposition in PTFE implants in elderly volunteers—a direct marker of skin/soft-tissue repair.

PubMed ID: 11822956

Perioperative arginine-enriched feeding lowered complications and shortened stay versus control in malnourished patients.

PubMed ID: 30180236

Topical L‑arginine mouthwash accelerated early mandibular denture‑ulcer healing vs other OTC agents in a randomized trial.

PubMed ID: 12880608

An arginine‑containing protein supplement reduced progression to stage II pressure ulcers and delayed ulcer onset in hip‑fracture patients.

PubMed ID: 15138461

Arginine-enhanced enteral formula reduced fistula rates and shortened postoperative length of stay—direct clinical evidence for improved surgical wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 15103566

Enteral immunonutrition containing arginine improved nitrogen balance and reduced nosocomial infections — outcomes consistent with improved wound healing/host defense (multi‑component formula).

PubMed ID: 15681102

Early enteral immunonutrition containing arginine markedly increased collagen (hydroxyproline +113%) and eliminated surgical wound complications after gastrectomy, though product was multi-nutrient.

PubMed ID: 16929239

High‑dose enteral arginine (17 g/day) after head & neck surgery significantly reduced wound fistula rate (strong clinical surgical wound‑healing signal).

PubMed ID: 17175635

Randomized trial: oral arginine shortened wound-healing time and reduced hospital stay in severe trauma patients (direct human evidence).

PubMed ID: 17125930

Enteral L-arginine in severe burns increased mucosal blood flow/oxygenation and lowered lactate—physiology supportive of faster healing.

PubMed ID: 18449445

Arginine-enriched enteral formulas reduced postoperative wound and general infections—clinical improvement in surgical recovery/wound outcomes (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 19694342

High-dose arginine in postoperative enteral nutrition reduced fistula rates and shortened hospital stay after head-and-neck surgery (direct surgical healing benefit).

PubMed ID: 19629583

Preoperative arginine-containing formula reduced postoperative infections and SIRS duration, supporting improved surgical recovery and healing (combined formula).

PubMed ID: 19842559

Arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition in severely burned patients improved nutritional and immune markers—factors that support wound healing.

PubMed ID: 20881073

Perioperative arginine‑enriched nutrition reduced local recurrences and improved survival in malnourished head & neck cancer patients — consistent with improved surgical tissue healing/host resistance.

PubMed ID: 21284343

Higher-dose enteral arginine formula significantly reduced postoperative fistula rates after head & neck cancer surgery—strong clinical wound-related benefit (multinutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 20598855

Randomized trial: arginine‑ and micronutrient‑enriched oral supplement significantly accelerated pressure‑ulcer healing vs control (n=43), strong direct evidence (but multi‑nutrient).

PubMed ID: 22313068

Cardioplegia L-arginine reduced oxidative stress and improved early cardiac tissue function post‑surgery → supports improved tissue recovery after injury.

PubMed ID: 23838912

Arginine-containing immunonutrition reduced postoperative infections/leaks and shortened hospital stay after total gastrectomy — consistent with improved surgical wound outcomes (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 24867069

Large human trial of arginine/glutamine/HMB showed no overall effect but significant, clinically meaningful improved healing rates in malnourished and poor‑perfusion diabetic‑foot‑ulcer subgroups.

PubMed ID: 24688085

HMB/arginine/glutamine reduced incidence/severity/duration of radiation dermatitis — supports improved cutaneous healing/repair.

PubMed ID: 25643304

Large randomized trial: arginine‑, zinc‑ and antioxidant‑enriched formula produced substantially greater pressure‑ulcer area reductions vs control.

PubMed ID: 25855918

Postoperative high‑dose arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition was associated with shorter stays and fewer fistulas after head/neck surgery, consistent with improved surgical wound outcomes.

PubMed ID: 26846258

Broiler diets supplemented with arginine (plus other AAs) improved gut mucosal regeneration and cell proliferation — strong animal evidence for tissue repair role.

PubMed ID: 28336107

Enteral feeding enriched with arginine/glutamine/omega‑3s associated with fewer early postoperative deaths and may reflect improved early recovery/healing (combined nutrients).

PubMed ID: 28162818

Preoperative immunonutrition (likely arginine‑containing) reduced postoperative complications and LOS and preserved albumin, consistent with improved surgical recovery/wound outcomes; multi‑nutrient formula limits attribution.

PubMed ID: 30710211

Preoperative arginine+glutamine markedly reduced fistula recurrence and postoperative infections—clinically meaningful tissue‑healing benefit.

PubMed ID: 33439085

Arginine‑rich oral nutritional supplement significantly accelerated wound closure and wound edge growth in a randomized trial of hard‑to‑heal wounds.

PubMed ID: 34371175

Perioperative arginine-containing immune nutrition lowered mucocutaneous fistula rates and shortened hospital stay after head-and-neck surgery — clinical evidence for improved surgical healing (multi-component formula).

PubMed ID: 35148750

Preoperative supplement containing arginine reduced postoperative inflammatory markers that can favor healing (multi-ingredient formula).

PubMed ID: 35606184

Perioperative arginine-rich nutrition pilot showed numerically fewer post-op infections (suggests improved surgical-site outcomes; underpowered).

PubMed ID: 36449096

Oral L-arginine (3 g/day) produced large, clinically meaningful reductions in anal fissure size, pain and resting pressure — direct mucosal/tissue healing evidence.

PubMed ID: 37739730

HMB/Arg/Gln markedly reduced severe mucositis in head‑and‑neck chemoradiation patients — clinically relevant mucosal healing effect (multi‑ingredient).

PubMed ID: 40603739

Oral L‑arginine during radiotherapy reduced mucositis severity and pain and improved healing rates—clear clinical healing benefit.

PubMed ID: 39810073

Topical arginine‑containing toothpaste substantially reduced dentin hypersensitivity and improved patient‑reported outcomes — demonstrates topical arginine effects on mineralized tissue repair/occlusion.

PubMed ID: 40374110

Enteral immunonutrition reduced severe postoperative complications and improved immune/inflammatory markers — clinically relevant to faster surgical wound recovery (arginine frequently included).

PubMed ID: 7539633

Arginine‑enriched postoperative enteral diet improved immune markers and lowered inflammatory cytokines, a milieu favorable for wound healing.

PubMed ID: 7874893

ICU enteral immunonutrition containing arginine reduced infections and shortened hospitalization in septic patients—relevant to recovery and tissue healing.

PubMed ID: 8342121

Randomized human trial: oral arginine increased hydroxyproline (collagen index) and total protein accumulation at wound sites — direct, strong evidence for improved wound healing.

PubMed ID: 1377838

Postoperative enteral nutrition containing arginine+RNA+omega‑3 significantly lowered infectious/wound complications — supports improved wound outcomes (confounded).

PubMed ID: 2112634

High-protein, arginine-enriched enteral formula in burn patients reduced wound infections and shortened LOS; multi-component feeding but consistent with improved healing outcomes.

PubMed ID: 2382229

Two-week high-dose oral arginine significantly increased wound collagen deposition and enhanced lymphocyte responses in healthy volunteers — direct, high-quality human evidence.

PubMed ID: 24589090

Preop arginine-containing immunonutrition reduced infectious complications and modulated PGE2/T‑cell markers — consistent with improved surgical recovery/healing.

PubMed ID: 31347768

Topical L‑arginine + Tris facial wash reduced inflammatory acne lesions and decreased pore size over 4 weeks.

PubMed ID: 25851453

Assessor-blinded randomized trial over 8 months showed sustained objective improvements in xerosis and skin hydration with a urea+arginine+carnosine cream.

PubMed ID: 23009311

Topical urea+arginine+carnosine cream produced large clinically meaningful improvements in diabetic foot skin dryness versus a glycerol emollient.

PubMed ID: 10199318

Immunonutrition (arginine + others) halved post‑op infectious complications and shortened hospital stay—clinical immune benefit.

PubMed ID: 10574478

Perioperative arginine‑containing nutrition improved immune markers (prealbumin, RBP, cytokines, DHR) after cancer surgery.

PubMed ID: 9428539

Arginine‑enriched enteral diet reduced infection severity and septic complications—strong perioperative immune benefit (co‑nutrients present).

PubMed ID: 9834924

Perioperative arginine-containing immunonutrition prevented early postoperative immune impairment (phagocytosis, lymphocyte measures) after gastrectomy.

PubMed ID: 9118656

Certain TPN formulas that raised plasma arginine improved protein markers and were associated with lower ICU mortality—immune support plausible.

PubMed ID: 27210003

Reducing dietary protein in pigs decreased plasma arginine and lowered plasma IgG and % CD3+ T cells — animal evidence arginine status affects immune markers.

PubMed ID: 41478212

Immunonutrition (contains arginine) was associated with upregulation of complement and immune/repair proteins postoperatively, suggesting augmented immune responses (multi-nutrient).

PubMed ID: 40614877

Topical/adjunctive L-arginine changed gingival macrophage markers and reduced periodontal pocket sites, indicating a local immune-modulating effect in periodontal disease.

PubMed ID: 40374110

Enteral immunonutrition improved lymphocyte counts and reduced severe postoperative infections/complications — strong clinical immune benefit; arginine is commonly included.

PubMed ID: 38633263

Herbal treatment raised post‑vaccine antibody titers and altered arginine/proline metabolism, implicating arginine pathways in immune responses.

PubMed ID: 39631846

Higher baseline plasma arginine predicted significantly better overall survival with checkpoint inhibitors, implying immune‑relevant arginine status.

PubMed ID: 36804278

Oral L‑arginine in hospitalized COVID reduced pro‑inflammatory cytokines, increased IL‑10 and markedly improved clinical respiratory outcomes (immune modulation).

PubMed ID: 34839672

Immunonutrition containing arginine led to a larger CRP reduction and trend to higher lymphocytes in COVID-19 inpatients (multi-nutrient).

PubMed ID: 33966345

Fermented whey product altered arginine metabolism and increased NK cell activity versus placebo (but arginine not directly supplemented).

PubMed ID: 30485425

Shows arginine depletion (via arginase) suppresses T cells and that restoring arginine rescues T‑cell function—direct immunologic relevance.

PubMed ID: 30885012

Enteral formula with arginine improved T‑cell counts and immunoglobulins after gastrectomy.

PubMed ID: 31146957

Peri‑treatment arginine+glutamine+fish oil lowered severe hematologic toxicities and aided treatment completion, consistent with immune support.

PubMed ID: 30710211

Preoperative arginine+glutamine reduced infectious complications after surgery, indicating immune benefit.

PubMed ID: 28162818

Preoperative immunonutrition reduced complications and preserved nutritional markers—typical endpoints of immune‑supporting immunonutrition (formulas often include arginine).

PubMed ID: 24706965

Dietary arginine (with vitamin E) in broiler chicks improved lymphocyte proliferation and some oxidative-burst metrics and transiently reduced Salmonella — direct immunomodulatory evidence (animal model).

PubMed ID: 23838912

Enteral immunonutrition containing arginine materially reduced postoperative infectious complications and leaks after gastrectomy — strong clinical immune-related outcome, but formula had multiple immunonutrients.

PubMed ID: 23812551

Randomized double‑blind trial: arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition in malnourished gastric cancer patients improved postoperative immune cell markers (CD4+, NK, IgM/IgG) and survival.

PubMed ID: 23329787

Enteral L‑arginine in VLBW neonates greatly reduced severe NEC incidence — a strong clinical signal of enhanced host/mucosal defense.

PubMed ID: 22214652

Dietary arginine raised serum arginine and dampened TLR4–MyD88/NF-κB and TNF-α expression after Salmonella challenge in piglets, indicating immune-modulatory effects (reduced inflammatory overactivation).

PubMed ID: 21813328

Arginine‑rich food supplement RCT in TB showed no overall benefit, but a large, statistically significant improvement in WHO cure rate was seen in the HIV‑positive subgroup, suggesting potential immune‑related benefit in immunocompromised hosts.

PubMed ID: 21058198

Perioperative arginine-containing immunonutrition reduced postoperative infectious/wound complications—clinical signal for improved perioperative host defense (multinutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 20881073

Perioperative arginine‑enriched nutrition likely improved host immune competence contributing to better infection/survival outcomes.

PubMed ID: 19842559

Arginine‑enriched feeding in severely burned patients maintained higher CD4% and improved nutritional proteins—clear immune support.

PubMed ID: 9366716

Immunonutrition containing arginine improved immune recovery after major cancer surgery (combo product).

PubMed ID: 9295822

Enteral formula with arginine plus other immune nutrients reduced late postoperative infections and events (combination confounds attribution).

PubMed ID: 9549298

60-day oral L-arginine in children reduced recurrent airway infections and increased helpful lymphocyte measures — clear immune benefit.

PubMed ID: 8639722

Early enteral feeding with arginine accelerated immune recovery (DTH, phagocytosis) and reduced infection severity.

PubMed ID: 8956766

Perioperative feeding with arginine formula raised phagocytosis/respiratory burst and lowered CRP—consistent with immune enhancement.

PubMed ID: 8875537

Enteral arginine‑containing formula increased lymphocyte % and improved phagocytic responses after surgery.

PubMed ID: 8857857

Randomized trial: immune‑enhancing enteral diet containing arginine (plus other immunonutrients) produced large reductions in major infectious complications—strong clinical immune outcome (multi‑nutrient).

PubMed ID: 7536138

Arginine‑containing enteral formula improved T‑lymphocyte counts and interferon‑γ after GI cancer surgery (multinutrient but supportive).

PubMed ID: 8924741

Early arginine‑enriched enteral feeding after cancer surgery improved monocyte phagocytosis, delayed hypersensitivity and reduced infection severity—evidence for immune support.

PubMed ID: 7726669

Arginine/omega‑3 enriched feeds increased WBC omega‑3 ratios, lowered PGE2, and led to far fewer infectious/wound complications postoperatively.

PubMed ID: 7539633

Postoperative arginine‑enriched diet improved recovery of immune markers and reduced proinflammatory cytokines, indicating enhanced immune function.

PubMed ID: 7874893

Enteral immunonutrition containing arginine reduced infections and shortened hospital stays in critically ill/septic patients—strong clinical immune benefit in the trial context (combination formula).

PubMed ID: 8342121

Randomized trial in elderly showed enhanced peripheral blood lymphocyte mitogenic responses after oral arginine — direct evidence of immune enhancement.

PubMed ID: 1377838

Significantly fewer infectious/wound complications with arginine‑containing enteral nutrition in postoperative patients — strong clinical signal though multi‑nutrient.

PubMed ID: 2112634

Arginine-enriched enteral formula in burn patients reduced wound infections — suggests immune/microbicidal benefit though multi-component formula confounds attribution.

PubMed ID: 2382229

Two-week oral arginine increased lymphocyte mitogenic responses in healthy volunteers — direct human evidence of immune enhancement.

PubMed ID: 19629583

Preoperative arginine-containing (plus omega-3) formula reduced infectious complications and supported CD4 counts; effect from combined formula but clinically relevant.

PubMed ID: 24589090

Preop arginine-containing immunonutrition reduced infectious complications and altered immune markers (PGE2, T‑bet), supporting immune benefit.

PubMed ID: 7937272

Enteral arginine formula reduced infections and improved nitrogen balance/CRP trajectories in major trauma patients, supporting immunomodulatory benefit.

PubMed ID: 18471515

Vaccine with poly‑L‑arginine adjuvant increased T‑cell and IFN‑γ responses in HCV nonresponders — arginine derivative enhanced adaptive immunity.

PubMed ID: 16421661

Preoperative arginine-containing immunonutrition helped preserve Th1/Th2 balance around colorectal surgery — direct immune‑modulating signal (multi‑nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 16581161

Poly-L-arginine used as vaccine adjuvant elicited dose-dependent T-cell responses in humans — strong direct evidence of immune enhancement by arginine polymer.

PubMed ID: 15851366

Enteral formula with arginine increased CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratio and increased IL‑2 while lowering IL‑6/TNF‑α — supports immune modulation (combination product).

PubMed ID: 15729173

Arginine+canola oil supplement in renal transplant recipients reduced late rejection and sepsis—evidence of clinical immune benefit (combined formula).

PubMed ID: 15103566

Immunonutrition containing arginine reduced nosocomial infections and improved clinical scores in critically ill patients, consistent with enhanced host defense (formula contains multiple active ingredients).

PubMed ID: 12662006

Oral arginine with TB therapy improved sputum clearance and symptoms in HIV-negative patients — direct evidence of aiding infection control/immune response.

PubMed ID: 11822956

Perioperative arginine-enriched feeding lowered complications in malnourished GI surgery patients, consistent with improved immune competence.

PubMed ID: 12006956

In very preterm infants arginine supplementation greatly reduced NEC incidence—suggests enhanced mucosal defense/immune protection.

PubMed ID: 12464864

Preoperative arginine+n‑3 markedly reduced postoperative infection rates and improved phagocytosis and gut immune measures.

PubMed ID: 12055582

Five days of preoperative arginine-containing nutrition reduced postoperative infections and shortened hospital stay—improved host defenses.

PubMed ID: 11551575

Preoperative immune-enhancing formula containing L-arginine increased HLA-DR expression and improved DTH response while lowering IL-6 (immune marker improvement).

PubMed ID: 12905875

Arginine/omega-3/RNA enteral diet raised plasma arginine and improved some immune markers (IgM) and gut permeability.

PubMed ID: 11819790

Arginine-containing perioperative formula (with glutamine/omega-3) improved PMN phagocytosis/respiratory burst and increased lymphocyte/NK counts—strong immune signals (combination product).

PubMed ID: 11688933

Large ICU trial using an enteral diet including arginine showed a major reduction in catheter-related sepsis (confounded by other formula components).

PubMed ID: 10752808

Randomized trial: arginine‑enriched enteral formula in septic ICU patients markedly reduced infections and mortality (strong clinical immune benefit).

PubMed ID: 11104591

Direct trial: arginine‑enriched enteral nutrition increased total lymphocytes, CD4 and CD4/CD8 and reduced infections in malnourished surgical patients.

PubMed ID: 10850936

HMB/glutamine/arginine supplement increased CD3/CD8 counts and improved clinical status in HIV wasting — immunologic benefit (combination).

PubMed ID: 11075988

Perioperative immunonutrition containing arginine improved postoperative immunometabolic parameters and complications (multi-nutrient).

PubMed ID: 10449977

Immunonutrition (arginine+omega‑3+RNA) reduced infectious complications and sepsis scores after pancreatic surgery (combination effect).

PubMed ID: 9428539

Arginine‑containing enriched diet reduced infection severity and septic complications postoperatively (anti‑inflammatory/immune benefit in context).

PubMed ID: 10199318

Peri/postoperative immunonutrition lowered postoperative infections, implying reduced inflammatory complications.

PubMed ID: 10449977

Immunonutrition (includes arginine) reduced infectious complications and sepsis scores after pancreatic surgery (combo intervention).

PubMed ID: 11104591

Arginine‑enriched postoperative formula improved lymphocyte counts and reduced postoperative infections in malnourished patients.

PubMed ID: 10752808

Arginine‑enriched enteral feed in septic ICU patients reduced infections and mortality — consistent with clinically meaningful immune/inflammatory modulation.

PubMed ID: 11819790

Perioperative enteral formula containing arginine (plus glutamine/omega-3) lowered CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α after GI cancer surgery (anti-inflammatory signal, confounded).

PubMed ID: 11551575

Preoperative immune-enhancing formula containing L-arginine lowered IL-6 and improved HLA-DR vs control (multi-nutrient but direct anti-inflammatory marker change).

PubMed ID: 12055582

Preoperative arginine-containing nutrition lowered infection rates postoperatively, indicating modulation of inflammatory/immune responses.

PubMed ID: 12464864

Perioperative arginine+n‑3 reduced postoperative infections and improved immune markers, consistent with reduced inflammatory complications.

PubMed ID: 12189442

IV L-arginine decreased oxidative-stress markers and homocysteine—anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory signals.

PubMed ID: 11835911

Local L‑arginine at stent placement reduced neointimal hyperplasia (less proliferative/inflammatory response).

PubMed ID: 15103566

An arginine-containing immunonutrition regimen reduced nosocomial infections and improved clinical scores in critically ill patients (multi‑component formula limits attribution to arginine alone).

PubMed ID: 15729173

Arginine+canola oil regimen in transplant recipients reduced rejection, CNI toxicity and infectious complications, consistent with reduced inflammatory/immune injury.

PubMed ID: 15851366

Arginine‑containing enteral formula reduced IL‑6 and TNF‑α and modulated cytokines post‑surgery (combination product).

PubMed ID: 16564254

Addition of L-arginine to cardioplegia reduced IL-6 and myocardial injury markers and shortened ICU stay—direct evidence of reduced perioperative inflammation.

PubMed ID: 17510493

One week L-lysine+L-arginine reduced trait/state anxiety and lowered basal cortisol in males — a stress-hormone reduction that can translate into lower inflammatory drive.

PubMed ID: 19592054

6-month oral L-arginine after CABG reduced IL-6 and MCP-1 and ADMA while improving vascular markers (direct anti-inflammatory/vascular biomarker changes).

PubMed ID: 19629583

Preoperative immune-enhancing formula containing arginine (plus omega-3) shortened SIRS duration and reduced infections (combined-nutrient intervention).

PubMed ID: 21268294

Combined regimen including Glutargin (arginine-containing product) improved antioxidant defence and reduced free radical process intensity in diabetic neuropathy—suggests anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effect.

PubMed ID: 22313068

Adding L-arginine to cardioplegia decreased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and increased SOD activity, indicating reduced oxidative stress/inflammatory burden.

PubMed ID: 22214652

Dietary arginine in weaned piglets blunted CRP rise and downregulated TLR4–MyD88/NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA after bacterial challenge — strong anti-inflammatory signal (animal model).

PubMed ID: 24274379

Immuno‑nutrition (arginine+omega‑3+glutamine) attenuated CRP and TNF rises during chemoradiotherapy, though arginine was given in combination.

PubMed ID: 24688085

HMB/arginine/glutamine reduced incidence/severity and duration of radiation dermatitis — indicates reduced local inflammatory skin response.

PubMed ID: 27038614

Preoperative arginine‑containing immune nutrition reduced postoperative CRP and shortened LOS—strongest direct evidence here for anti‑inflammatory perioperative effect.

PubMed ID: 25237981

Amino‑acid medical food (including arginine) markedly reduced CRP and pain in chronic low back pain—large RCT signal for reduced inflammation (multi‑nutrient product).

PubMed ID: 30710211

Preoperative arginine+glutamine lowered IL‑6/CRP and reduced infectious complications after surgery.

PubMed ID: 30885012

Enteral immunonutrition containing arginine reduced postoperative inflammatory markers versus standard feeding.

PubMed ID: 30485425

Leukemia data show arginase‑driven arginine depletion suppresses T cells; restoring arginine improves immune function and reduces inflammation‑related immune dysfunction.

PubMed ID: 33075179

Oral L-arginine in pediatric sickle-cell crises markedly reduced analgesic needs and sped pain resolution — consistent with reduced vaso-occlusive/inflammatory processes.

PubMed ID: 35148750

Preoperative HMB+arginine+glutamine attenuated postoperative IL-6 and hs-CRP rises (multi-nutrient but arginine included).

PubMed ID: 34839672

Short immunonutrition containing arginine reduced CRP more than standard nutrition in COVID-19 inpatients (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 35745249

Plant‑protein snack (richer in arginine) significantly lowered TNF‑α in a 12‑week trial (anti‑inflammatory signal).

PubMed ID: 36804278

Oral L‑arginine in hospitalized COVID reduced pro‑inflammatory cytokines and raised IL‑10 with large clinical benefits.

PubMed ID: 39616105

Ibuprofen‑arginine with dexamethasone reduced MPO and MDA after molar surgery; arginine present in the formulation.

PubMed ID: 40374110

Enteral immunonutrition reduced acute‑phase proteins and severe postoperative complications — strong evidence of reduced inflammatory response (arginine often present in formulas).

PubMed ID: 8956766

Perioperative arginine formula reduced CRP and improved phagocytic function, consistent with reduced inflammation.

PubMed ID: 8958162

L-arginine lowered urinary malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation), a marker tied to oxidative inflammation.

PubMed ID: 9671364

In critically ill patients, arginine-containing enteral feed (in early-fed subgroup) associated with clinical improvements (shorter ventilation/stay) consistent with reduced inflammatory/organ dysfunction burden.

PubMed ID: 9834924

Perioperative arginine-containing immunonutrition lowered IL-6 and preserved immune function after gastrectomy, indicating anti-inflammatory effects in that setting.

PubMed ID: 10574478

Perioperative arginine‑containing formula reduced IL‑6 and improved cytokine/protein profiles post‑surgery.

PubMed ID: 7937272

Enteral formula with arginine reduced infection rates and showed larger CRP decline vs standard formula in trauma patients.

PubMed ID: 24589090

Preop arginine-containing immunonutrition decreased PGE2 and reduced postoperative infectious complications and modulated T‑cell markers.

PubMed ID: 7874893

Enteral immunonutrition with arginine was associated with fewer infections and shorter stay in septic ICU patients, consistent with reduced harmful inflammation and improved immune regulation.

PubMed ID: 7539633

Postoperative enteral diet with arginine+RNA+omega‑3s lowered IL-6 and TNF-α, indicating reduced inflammatory response (multinutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 7726669

Arginine/omega‑3 enriched feeds reduced PGE2 and infectious complications after surgery—clear anti‑inflammatory/immunomodulatory signal (combination product).

PubMed ID: 8875537

Enteral formula with arginine lowered CRP and improved some immune markers after surgery.

PubMed ID: 8551652

Arginine improved nitrogen balance and raised IGF‑1 in elderly volunteers, indicating metabolic/anabolic benefits.

PubMed ID: 28556616

Faster aspart insulin formulation containing L‑arginine (excipient) produced earlier and greater early insulin exposure and glucose‑lowering—shows arginine's role in formulation affecting metabolic pharmacokinetics.

PubMed ID: 28558680

Dietary L‑arginine in pigs altered plasma lipid/lipoprotein profiles (↑TG, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL), showing direct metabolic effects though species differences apply.

PubMed ID: 29052766

Large randomized trial: oral L‑arginine (6.4 g/day) reduced long‑term diabetes incidence and improved glycemic/endothelial markers — strong metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 26031828

Human studies show Arg administration changes plasma Arg/hArg/ADMA — relevant metabolic pathway effects though clinical outcomes mixed.

PubMed ID: 26578409

Arginyl‑fructose (an arginine‑derived compound) reduced postprandial glucose and AUC in prediabetes/T2DM, showing a meaningful metabolic effect.

PubMed ID: 25335675

Short-term enteral L-arginine after surgery improved insulin resistance and increased adiponectin in humans — strong direct metabolic benefit from arginine supplementation.

PubMed ID: 23708056

Randomized, double-blind oral L-arginine (9 g TID for 6 months) produced objective increases in insulin sensitivity (clamp) — strong direct evidence for metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 23474648

Observational data in very preterm infants: low plasma arginine associated with higher blood glucose and more insulin therapy, linking arginine status to glycemic control.

PubMed ID: 22913215

Three-month 9 g/day L-arginine significantly improved insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lowered insulin concentrations in visceral obesity — strong metabolic benefit signal.

PubMed ID: 22732180

Six-month supplementation improved NO, decreased PAI-1 and increased insulin sensitivity (M value) in obese patients—meaningful metabolic improvements.

PubMed ID: 22553931

Large RCT: long-term oral L-arginine increased regression to normal glucose tolerance and later reduced diabetes incidence—robust metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 21547496

Vildagliptin increased arginine-stimulated insulin secretion (AIRarg) in patients—demonstrates arginine's role in stimulating insulin and relevance to metabolic function (note: arginine used diagnostically here).

PubMed ID: 19592054

Oral L-arginine improved insulin sensitivity and adiponectin post-CABG, reflecting beneficial metabolic effects in humans.

PubMed ID: 19196887

Exenatide markedly increased arginine-stimulated insulin secretion (AIRarg) — arginine used diagnostically, linking arginine pathways to beta-cell function (indirect but relevant).

PubMed ID: 18820852

Keto‑amino acid supplementation in obese CKD patients reduced ADMA and BMI and proteinuria over 3 years — metabolic improvements observed though intervention was not pure arginine.

PubMed ID: 16815486

Enteral formula with arginine increased IGF‑I and serum arginine, which can influence metabolic/anabolic responses.

PubMed ID: 16772327

Oral L-arginine added to diet/exercise improved fat mass, daily glucose profiles, fructosamine and adiponectin in obese diabetics.

PubMed ID: 12662006

Oral arginine increased weight and improved clinical recovery in TB — metabolic/nutritional benefit in disease context.

PubMed ID: 12924804

Immunonutrition lowered serum triglycerides in severely injured patients — direct metabolic improvement though confounded by other nutrients.

PubMed ID: 10850936

Supplement containing arginine increased body weight and lean mass in wasting HIV patients (confounded mixture).

PubMed ID: 8958162

Reduction in lipid peroxidation marker suggests metabolic oxidative improvements with L-arginine in diabetics.

PubMed ID: 29858688

Dose-dependent oral L-arginine (up to 30 g/day) increased serum arginine and reduced fasting glucose and free fatty acids (noted in women), showing clear metabolic effects in humans.

PubMed ID: 20819421

Small human trial: amino‑acid mix containing arginine plus exercise reduced waist/hip circumference vs placebo (multi-AA).

PubMed ID: 34382947

Defined AA composition (includes arginine) produced clinically meaningful reductions in liver fat and HOMA‑IR in NAFLD patients (randomized human trial; multi-AA).

PubMed ID: 37893503

Observational study in obese children found lower blood arginine associated with worse liver enzymes and insulin sensitivity — strong associative evidence linking arginine status and metabolic health.

PubMed ID: 20808309

Systemic arginine depletion (ADI-PEG20) produced pharmacodynamic reductions in circulating arginine and impacted tumor metabolism — strong metabolic impact (therapeutic context).

PubMed ID: 27584578

Arginine-depleting therapy (ADI-PEG20) modulated tumor arginine metabolism and slowed progression in ASS1-deficient mesothelioma — strong demonstration that arginine metabolism is clinically important.

PubMed ID: 38358753

Pegargiminase added to chemo improved survival in nonepithelioid mesothelioma, implicating arginine metabolism in disease biology and systemic metabolic effects.

PubMed ID: 26150412

Preterm infants had persistently low plasma arginine despite nutrition — indicates arginine status impacts metabolic homeostasis in vulnerable populations.

PubMed ID: 40714964

Pegzilarginase enzyme therapy for arginase-1 deficiency produced sustained lowering of toxic plasma arginine and durable functional improvements—strong metabolic effect in this disorder.

PubMed ID: 39436786

Dietary intervention improved first‑phase and arginine‑stimulated C‑peptide responses and disposition index in T2D — arginine used diagnostically but the result indicates metabolic relevance.

PubMed ID: 39940261

L‑citrulline ± HIIT improved hepatic steatosis and triglycerides in obese adolescents—strong metabolic signal via arginine pathway.

PubMed ID: 37161876

Citrulline with HIIT raised arginine and produced metabolomic shifts linked to reduced body fat and favorable metabolic markers.

PubMed ID: 37812879

Keratin/arginine‑rich protein improved insulin‑stimulated glucose clearance ~49% and GLUT4 translocation—strong metabolic benefit.

PubMed ID: 36297065

Acute L‑arginine‑enriched biscuits lowered postprandial glucose and raised GLP‑1/PYY (direct metabolic regulation evidence).

PubMed ID: 31802616

Combined drugs improved arginine‑stimulated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity measured with an arginine bolus probe (metabolic relevance).

PubMed ID: 29901417

Daily L-arginine (1 g) plus exercise raised SIRT6 and lowered fasting glucose and BMI in elderly men (direct metabolic improvements).

PubMed ID: 29672184

HMB+arginine+glutamine increased lean mass in older adults, indicating improved body composition/metabolic health.

PubMed ID: 17454224

L-arginine supplementation in gestational hypertension significantly lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure and prolonged time to delivery (pilot RCT).

PubMed ID: 20958228

Trial of L‑arginine in pregnant women with mild chronic hypertension reduced need for antihypertensive medication at delivery despite no mean BP difference — clinical signal for BP‑related outcomes.

PubMed ID: 21154265

L-arginine lowered pulmonary artery systolic pressure in HFpEF—pressure-lowering cardiovascular effect though pulmonary rather than systemic BP.

PubMed ID: 20424555

Direct trial: 12 g/day oral L‑arginine for 4 weeks lowered ambulatory BP in patients with mild hypertension (effect strongest at high dose).

PubMed ID: 21596735

L-arginine + vitamins substantially reduced incidence of pre-eclampsia (hypertensive disease of pregnancy) and preterm delivery in a large RCT—strong hypertension-related clinical effect.

PubMed ID: 23224924

L-citrulline improved peripheral vascular indices and ventricular function in systolic HF; while BP change wasn't the primary end point, vascular improvements support BP benefits.

PubMed ID: 25804495

Perindopril arginine (an arginine salt) in combination therapy produced greater SBP/DBP reductions and higher control rates in a large RCT.

PubMed ID: 27003763

L‑arginine supplementation in high‑risk pregnancies markedly reduced incidence of preeclampsia (a hypertensive disorder).

PubMed ID: 27817128

Active group showed a modest but significant lowering of systolic BP (≈6 mmHg) over months with L‑arginine + B‑vitamins.

PubMed ID: 29858688

Dose-dependent oral L-arginine (15–30 g/day) raised serum arginine and reduced systolic BP in women—direct randomized human evidence for BP lowering.

PubMed ID: 30621047

Sanghuang–Danshen lowered peripheral SBP and improved eNOS phosphorylation with metabolomic links to arginine pathways.

PubMed ID: 31291417

Citrulline (6 g) markedly increased post‑exercise hypotension with large, sustained SBP/DBP reductions in hypertensive adults.

PubMed ID: 32392715

Intensive lifestyle advice lowered ADMA and improved 24‑h central blood pressure and vascular stiffness in stage‑1 hypertensives.

PubMed ID: 34004448

Randomized 2‑week L‑arginine supplementation produced clear, clinically meaningful reductions in resting and ambulatory SBP/DBP/MAP compared with placebo.

PubMed ID: 33978350

Addition of arginine (with other agents) to aspirin lowered the frequency of abnormal uterine Doppler and reduced the need for added antihypertensives, reflecting BP/vascular benefit in pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 35426778

Short L-arginine treatment decreased TRV and pulmonary hemodynamic estimates in sickle cell — blood-pressure–related benefit in pulmonary circulation.

PubMed ID: 36282078

L-arginine reduced Doppler-estimated pulmonary pressures/TRJV in children with β-thalassemia, reflecting pulmonary pressure improvement.

PubMed ID: 37049398

Citrulline+GSH decreased BP reactivity to stress and lowered PWV — supports improved blood‑pressure regulation.

PubMed ID: 12270981

IV arginine acutely lowered systemic arterial pressure in multiple groups (dose‑dependent effect).

PubMed ID: 23296279

Oral nitrates reduced BP and antihypertensive burden in peritoneal dialysis patients over 24 weeks.

PubMed ID: 21240870

Nitrate therapy significantly lowered blood pressure in dialysis patients versus control.

PubMed ID: 16753767

Direct IV L-arginine for five days lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure more than placebo in pregnancy-related hypertension.

PubMed ID: 8028755

Arginine‑containing preparation added to calcitonin improved BMD and reduced pain in elderly osteoporotic patients — suggests benefit relevant to healthy aging (bone).

PubMed ID: 22553931

Long-term oral L-arginine increased regression to normal glucose tolerance and later reduced diabetes incidence—metabolic effects that can support healthy aging.

PubMed ID: 27817128

Arginine+B‑vitamins improved endothelial function and lowered BP over months, which may slow vascular aging.

PubMed ID: 29052766

Long randomized trial: oral L‑arginine reduced incident diabetes over years — relevant to aging-related metabolic risk reduction.

PubMed ID: 29672184

Six months of HMB+arginine+glutamine increased lean mass and improved function in older adults (direct aging-relevant outcome).

PubMed ID: 29901417

L-arginine (1 g/day) plus exercise raised SIRT6 and reduced fasting glucose and BMI in elderly men, markers linked to healthier aging.

PubMed ID: 31137855

Arginine + B. animalis increased serum spermidine (linked to longevity pathways) and improved endothelial function.

PubMed ID: 35627475

L‑arginine/beetroot supplementation in older adults increased circulating vitamin D (marker potentially relevant to aging biology).

PubMed ID: 38309228

Low plasma arginine independently predicted higher 30‑day and 5‑year mortality in nutritionally at‑risk inpatients.

PubMed ID: 41364169

Increased total antioxidant status with L‑arginine could counter oxidative stress, a contributor to aging.

PubMed ID: 8551652

Two weeks oral arginine raised IGF-1 and improved nitrogen balance in elderly volunteers—markers relevant to aging-related anabolic state.

PubMed ID: 7735336

IV arginine markedly augmented GH responses to GHRH across subjects; GH/IGF axis effects are relevant to aging physiology.

PubMed ID: 8958162

3 months L-arginine reduced oxidative‑stress marker in diabetics—oxidative stress reduction relates to healthy aging.

PubMed ID: 12189442

IV L-arginine raised NO and lowered oxidative markers/homocysteine—mechanisms linked to healthier aging.

PubMed ID: 15105032

Combination supplement (including 5 g/day arginine) improved mobility, strength, and protein synthesis in elderly women.

PubMed ID: 8342121

Study in elderly showed increased collagen/protein accumulation and enhanced lymphocyte responses — outcomes relevant to aging-related tissue/immune function.

PubMed ID: 16772327

Oral L-arginine added to diet/exercise improved fat mass, glucose control and adiponectin—metabolic changes relevant to healthy aging.

PubMed ID: 19033012

Long‑term zofenopril improved carotid IMT and NO/oxidative stress markers — vascular structural benefits relevant to healthy aging via the NO/arginine axis (indirect).

PubMed ID: 19164608

One-year amino-acid cocktail including arginine increased lean mass and protein turnover in older adults, outcomes relevant to healthy aging.

PubMed ID: 21807930

A 1‑year HMB/arginine/lysine supplement increased fat‑free mass in older adults (combination product; effect on strength depended on vitamin D).

PubMed ID: 10233492

High‑dose L-arginine produced subjective improvement in a subset of men with ED and low NOx, though objective flow unchanged.

PubMed ID: 32441833

Randomized trial: daily L-arginine (5 g) improved erectile function (SHIM) and testosterone in elderly men; strongest direct clinical evidence in dataset.

PubMed ID: 25664962

Pycnogenol+roburins+amino acids including L‑arginine improved erectile function vs placebo over 1 month (multi‑ingredient human trial).

PubMed ID: 25531191

L‑arginine‑containing nutraceutical (Prelox®) improved multiple semen quality parameters and increased sperm e‑NOS activity—supports sexual/reproductive function, primarily semen quality.

PubMed ID: 23241929

Pilot trial of a supplement product (likely containing L-arginine) markedly improved female sexual function index scores vs placebo in postmenopausal women (direct clinical signal).

PubMed ID: 20184576

6‑month RCT of a multi‑ingredient product containing L‑arginine (Prelox) improved IIEF erectile domain scores and raised testosterone vs placebo — strong clinical evidence though multi‑component product.

PubMed ID: 17974175

Prelox (multi-ingredient product likely acting via eNOS/cGMP and containing arginine-related components) improved sperm quality/function in idiopathic infertility patients.

PubMed ID: 17703218

One-month L-arginine aspartate + Pycnogenol improved erectile function, doubled intercourse frequency, and increased eNOS and testosterone in men — strong clinical effect though product was combination.

PubMed ID: 12074777

On-demand oral combo of L-arginine and yohimbine improved IIEF erectile function scores versus placebo (effect stronger in mild–moderate ED).

PubMed ID: 11723438

Same context as above: combination sildenafil+L‑arginine after radical pelvic surgery improved buckling test and subjective activity vs sildenafil alone.

PubMed ID: 32330373

Robust RCT of a multi‑nutrient product including arginine increased normalization of semen and pregnancy rates—strong clinical effect but attribution to arginine alone uncertain.

PubMed ID: 34983126

Daily L-arginine plus low-dose tadalafil as adjuvant to shockwave therapy improved erectile scores at 12 months, though co-therapies confound independent arginine effect.

PubMed ID: 34973154

Large RCT: 6 g/day L-arginine for 3 months improved IIEF-6 scores and penile blood flow, especially in mild–moderate vasculogenic ED.

PubMed ID: 36501014

L-arginine+vitC improved 6MWD and reduced persistent fatigue in long COVID, consistent with functional recovery of muscle/endurance.

PubMed ID: 39765161

HMB/arginine/glutamine preop improved 6MWD and strength and shortened hospital stay after cardiac surgery (multi‑ingredient).

PubMed ID: 40374110

Postoperative immunonutrition decreased severe complications and improved immune/nutritional markers — supports faster clinical recovery after surgical injury.

PubMed ID: 33805883

HMB+AAKG co‑supplementation prevented decline in jump performance during intensive training camp, implying preserved recovery/function.

PubMed ID: 10199318

Perioperative nutrition with arginine shortened hospital stay and reduced infections—consistent with faster post‑surgical recovery.

PubMed ID: 10850936

HMB/glutamine/arginine increased lean mass in HIV wasting — suggests improved anabolism/muscle recovery (combination product).

PubMed ID: 11975938

HMB+L‑arginine+glutamine increased lean body mass in cancer cachexia—relevant to muscle recovery/rehabilitation.

PubMed ID: 15105032

HMB+arginine+lysine improved strength, mobility and protein synthesis in elderly—supports recovery/maintenance of muscle (combination product).

PubMed ID: 16564254

Perioperative L-arginine addition lowered myocardial injury (troponin T) and reduced ICU stay—translates to faster recovery after cardiac injury/surgery.

PubMed ID: 17215743

HMB supplements with arginine/glutamine improved nitrogen balance in critically injured trauma patients (multi-ingredient), consistent with reduced net muscle loss and better recovery.

PubMed ID: 23838912

Post-gastrectomy patients receiving arginine-inclusive immunonutrition had shorter hospital stays and fewer complications — consistent with faster surgical recovery (multi-nutrient formula).

PubMed ID: 7937272

Arginine-containing enteral formula in trauma improved nitrogen balance, which supports muscle protein retention and recovery.

PubMed ID: 16928472

AAKG increased plasma arginine and improved strength/peak anaerobic power, consistent with ergogenic/recovery support.

PubMed ID: 19142978

One‑month L‑arginine + Pycnogenol supplement significantly improved semen volume, concentration and motility in infertile men.

PubMed ID: 25039302

N-carbamylglutamate (raises arginine) during gestation increased live litter weight and birthweight in pigs — reasonably strong animal evidence for improved reproductive outcomes.

PubMed ID: 25531191

Prelox® (contains L‑arginine) increased semen parameters and a Fertility Index to normal in subfertile men—direct evidence for fertility support.

PubMed ID: 26216477

Dietary Arg (and GAA) improved sperm penetration and fertility rates in aged breeder hens — robust animal reproductive effect.

PubMed ID: 32977253

Direct L-arginine-containing supplement RCT showed modest overall increases in hCG/clinical pregnancy rates and marked benefit in male-factor infertility subgroup.

PubMed ID: 36742408

In older women with poor ovarian response, the multi‑component traditional treatment changed follicular L‑arginine and increased retrieved oocytes and fertilization rate — direct fertility‑related outcomes.

PubMed ID: 16918716

Oral L-arginine in preeclampsia improved fetal Doppler indices, biophysical profile and neonatal scores — direct benefit to pregnancy outcomes (fertility/gestational support context).

PubMed ID: 32330373

Large double‑blind RCT including arginine achieved much higher normal spermiogram and pregnancy rates—strong fertility outcome but multi‑nutrient confounding.

PubMed ID: 15134155

Multi-ingredient supplement including L-arginine was associated with higher pregnancy rate and luteal-phase improvements in a small pilot—direct fertility signal though multi-component.

PubMed ID: 10402369

Randomized oral L-arginine in poor‑responder IVF patients improved ovarian blood flow, increased oocytes/embryos and produced pregnancies.

PubMed ID: 20555372

4‑week arginine-based supplement improved gas exchange threshold and power at GET (submaximal performance) though product had other ingredients.

PubMed ID: 33260139

6 g L‑arginine taken acutely before high‑intensity interval exercise significantly reduced ventilation, VO2 and heart rate—objectively improving exercise tolerance.

PubMed ID: 36501014

Significant +50 m mean difference in 6MWD after 28 days of L-arginine+vitC indicates improved functional exercise capacity.

PubMed ID: 40218864

Bergamot polyphenols + L-citrulline improved VO2max/peak power in cyclists in a pilot trial (combination product), consistent with ergogenic effects via NO.

PubMed ID: 16928472

AAKG raised plasma arginine and yielded modest improvements in 1‑RM bench press and Wingate peak power in trained men.

PubMed ID: 11755284

Arginine-enriched medical food increased treadmill exercise time by ~20% in stable angina patients (placebo-controlled).

PubMed ID: 20386475

4 weeks of an arginine‑based supplement increased highest maintainable power output by ~19–22% vs placebo — direct RCT evidence for enhanced performance (formulation confounded by grape seed extract).

PubMed ID: 21154265

L-arginine improved treadmill exercise duration in HFpEF patients—direct clinical improvement in performance/endurance metric.

PubMed ID: 33805883

HMB+AAKG preserved jump performance through intensive training, indicating functional exercise benefit.

PubMed ID: 9809945

Marked improvements in pain-free and absolute walking distance in claudication after L-arginine indicate clear exercise performance gains in this population.

PubMed ID: 10737151

Participants using a nutrient bar with L-arginine walked farther (pain-free +66%, total +23%); suggests improved functional exercise capacity though multi-nutrient product confounds attribution.

PubMed ID: 11019421

Ten days oral L-arginine improved exercise time and endothelial function in stable angina—direct benefit to exercise performance.

PubMed ID: 11755284

Arginine-containing product increased exercise time and quality-of-life measures, consistent with reduced exertional fatigue.

PubMed ID: 36501014

L-arginine+vitC markedly reduced persistent fatigue in adults with long COVID (large, clinically meaningful effect).

PubMed ID: 33260139

Acute L‑arginine lowered physiological strain (VE, VO2, HR) during high‑intensity intervals, consistent with reduced exercise fatigue.

PubMed ID: 30999554

Randomized crossover trial: 14 days of arginine-containing amino acid supplement significantly reduced subjective fatigue (VAS) and lowered RPE during prolonged cycling.

PubMed ID: 20386475

Large increases in maintainable power output imply delayed fatigue with the arginine‑containing supplement.

PubMed ID: 9809945

Patients with intermittent claudication reported increased pain-free walking distance after L-arginine, implying reduced exertional fatigue/pain.

PubMed ID: 33805883

HMB+AAKG prevented decline in jump performance over heavy training, suggesting attenuated fatigue.

PubMed ID: 35206569

Study in adolescents with chronic fatigue found abnormal arginine‑related pathways and symptomatic improvement after exercise intervention — links arginine metabolism to fatigue.

PubMed ID: 9809945

Substantial increases in walking distances in claudication reflect increased functional endurance with L-arginine infusion.

PubMed ID: 20386475

Arginine‑containing supplement increased PWCFT (sustainable power), indicating improved endurance capacity in untrained men.

PubMed ID: 11755284

Increased treadmill exercise time suggests improved endurance in angina patients with an arginine-rich medical food.

PubMed ID: 10737151

Improved walking distances in claudication imply greater functional endurance, albeit from a multi-nutrient intervention.

PubMed ID: 40714964

6MWT and 2MWT distances improved substantially with pegzilarginase in arginase‑1 deficiency, reflecting increased functional endurance in that patient population.

PubMed ID: 36501014

Improved 6MWD in long COVID participants after L-arginine+vitC indicates increased submaximal endurance capacity.

PubMed ID: 33260139

Reduced cardiorespiratory strain during interval exercise with acute L‑arginine suggests potential for increased exercise endurance/tolerance.

PubMed ID: 21154265

Increased treadmill time after oral L-arginine in HFpEF suggests improved endurance/capacity in diseased subjects.

PubMed ID: 40714964

Pegzilarginase directly lowers plasma arginine by enzymatic degradation in arginase-1 deficiency, effectively removing toxic arginine and improving biochemical waste handling.

PubMed ID: 11918749

IV L-arginine improved renal perfusion and function in ARF models and some kidney transplant recipients, supporting waste-clearance functions.

PubMed ID: 12270981

IV L‑arginine increased renal plasma flow and GFR—direct enhancement of renal clearance/perfusion.

PubMed ID: 40545706

IV arginine glutamate reduced ammonia comparably to LOLA in hepatic encephalopathy—direct nitrogen/waste removal relevance.

PubMed ID: 40498114

Large RCT: 1000 mg oral L‑arginine greatly increased distal ureter stone expulsion rate—direct evidence for facilitating waste removal.

PubMed ID: 24025143

Ornithine-aspartate + naloxone improved cognition in hepatic encephalopathy and lowered ammonia—mechanistically linked to nitrogen handling like arginine/citrulline.

PubMed ID: 31581523

Arginine‑silicate/inositol supplement produced small, mostly acute improvements in processing speed and thinking speed in a randomized trial of gamers.

PubMed ID: 17510493

One-week L-lysine+L-arginine reduced trait and stress-induced anxiety and lowered basal salivary cortisol in males, which could translate into improved mental focus/concentration.

PubMed ID: 30308973

Matcha rich in arginine and theanine reduced anxiety scores and salivary stress enzyme activity in a small human study (improved stress/mental state).

PubMed ID: 36596553

Single-dose theanine+L-arginine reduced salivary stress enzyme response after mental stress; stress reduction can indirectly support focus (combination product).