Nutrition source

Diuresis/K+ shifts

BP↓,K+↓

Folate status↑, Hcy↓

Anemia/toxicity↓, Hb↑

Folate↑, Hcy↓

Hb/iron status↑

B-vitamin status ↑

Homocysteine ↓

Vitamin D ↑

B12 status + homocysteine

Anemia/toxicity reduction +MMA

B12 intake/absorption changes

UDCA/LOLA: ↓AST/ALT

Iron/hepatotoxicity: ↑AST/ALT

Protein status: +albumin

Metabolic/BP: glucose, BP

Infant tolerance: allergy↓

Protein/lean mass +IGF-1

Satiety, glucose, insulin

vitamin status +

bone density +

vascular stiffness -

Anemia/iron status +9 g/L

Homocysteine/metabolism −23.6%

Folate↓ Hcy↓

B2 status↑

BMD/markers +6.9%

Hypersensitivity/tubules ↓

Potassium control ↓0.7

Alanine oxidation +15%

Nitrogen balance improved

Alanine transport ↓30%

Hb/iron status +

Copper status/retention +

iron status + absorption

muscle protein + growth

Copper/Se status ↑

Sulfur/Fe ↓ Cu

Milk yield +10.8%

Intake/growth/digestibility ↑

Milk fat/protein ↑

Met boost; AA markers

Cys spares Met need

Lipids/LDL ↓ -10%

Vascular/fatty acids ↑

B-vitamin status ↑

Homocysteine ↓ / ω-3 ↑

Hemoglobin & cognition ↑

Protein synthesis +AA

Micronutrient/child growth

ALA/PUFA ↑

Energy/PUFA targets ↑

SFA ↓, +31% polyphenols

Nitrogen balance +38.3

Plasma isoleucine + BCAA

BP ↓ histidine

Histidine digestibility +7%

Zn side effects ↓

Fiber digestion +17%

Cholesterol/mood/glycemia lower

Cholesterol/LDL ↓ ~4%

Protein/Zn uptake ↑

Bioavailability +23%

Plasma zeaxanthin +26%

Carotenoids ↑; lipids ↓

Vitamin D2 ↑; cholesterol ↓

TSH ↑; T3 ↓

Cholesterol +7.2%

+385% urinary iodine

ALA ↑ +24-337%

No weight/inflammation change

Milk volume +72h

Fullness faster, satisfaction

Copper absorption -82%

Copper status/toxicity

IMT/plaque/hs-CRP ↓

ROS/TNF-α/IL-6/CRP ↓

BMI +2.0; albumin +0.6

CD4 unchanged