Prebiotics
15 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
457 products in our catalogue print how much Prebiotics a serving holds.
Most common: 500 mg to 1 g, 28% of 457 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 10 mg or less | 12 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 32 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 51 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 42 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 44 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 23 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 128 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 40 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 65 |
| over 5 g | 20 |
Dose per serving from research
243 study groups in 189 studies say how much Prebiotics participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 5 g to 10 g, 32% of 243 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 mg or less | 10 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 6 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 11 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 8 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 28 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 44 |
| 5 g to 10 g | 77 |
| 10 g to 25 g | 46 |
| 25 g to 50 g | 10 |
| over 50 g | 3 |
Commonly used together
97 of 243 study groups took Prebiotics with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Probiotics | 69 |
| Iron | 6 |
| Inulin | 4 |
| Zinc | 4 |
| Vitamin D | 3 |
| Yacon | 3 |
Benefit Evidence
Appetite ↓ hunger, +fullness
Glucose/insulin ↓, PYY/GLP-1 ↑
Energy intake ↓
Appetite ↓ hunger, +fullness
Glucose/insulin ↓, PYY/GLP-1 ↑
Energy intake ↓
Research sources
Gut health (281)
- The effect of enteral supplementation of specific neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on the faecal microbiota and intestinal microenvironment in preterm infants
PubMed ID: 22961006
Preterm infant RCT increased total bacterial counts and decreased fecal pH (microbial fermentation effect).
- Supplementation with short-chain fatty acids and a prebiotic improves clinical outcome in Parkinson's disease: a randomized double-blind prospective study
PubMed ID: 41350593
Prebiotic (2′‑fucosyllactose) modestly increased circulating SCFAs and was part of the intervention—supporting microbiome modulation.
- Enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism by probiotic and prebiotic intake promotes short-chain fatty acid production in the gut microbiome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 40366770
Strong evidence: B. animalis + inulin robustly raised fecal SCFAs and Bifidobacterium abundance in a large RCT.
- Inulin-induced improvements on bowel habit and gut microbiota in adults with functional constipation: findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 41233756
Inulin produced consistent bifidogenic shifts and other beneficial taxa in adults with constipation.
- A randomised controlled trial of the effects of Galacto-Oligosaccharides on the gut brain-axis of young females
PubMed ID: 40532960
GOS clearly produced a transient bifidogenic effect in young women.
- [Influence of physical therapy on intestinal microbiota, blood pressure control and systemic inflammation level: a randomized controlled study of 84 patients with arterial hypertension]
PubMed ID: 40421856
Prebiotic increased fecal propionate and butyrate in hypertensive patients—supports microbial functional change.
- [Randomised placebo controlled double blind study on the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on intestinal flora in healthy infants]
PubMed ID: 16408384
Infant oligosaccharides caused marked bifidobacteria increases, making formula‑fed infants' flora more like breast‑fed infants.
- Effect of prebiotic supplementation and calcium intake on body mass index
PubMed ID: 17719942
Year‑long supplementation likely produced sustained microbiome changes accompanying BMI/fat effects.
- Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial
PubMed ID: 23507173
GOS increased fecal bifidobacteria alongside increased calcium absorption—bifidogenic effect supports microbial balance.
- Daily Intake of a Functional Synbiotic Yogurt Increases Calcium Absorption in Young Adult Women
PubMed ID: 35411924
Synbiotic yogurt increased markers of colonic calcium absorption and likely influenced microbiota (responder‑dependent bifidogenic effect).
- A young child formula with Limosilactobacillus reuteri and GOS modulates gut microbiome and enhances bone and muscle development: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 41387706
Toddler synbiotic markedly increased Bifidobacterium spp. and L. reuteri—clear bifidogenic synbiotic effect.
- Effect of a whey-predominant starter formula containing LCPUFAs and oligosaccharides (FOS/GOS) on gastrointestinal comfort in infants
PubMed ID: 21147707
FOS/GOS formula in infants increased bifidobacteria and shifted stool/transit toward breast‑fed pattern.
- Effect of chicory inulin-type fructan-containing snack bars on the human gut microbiota in low dietary fiber consumers in a randomized crossover trial
PubMed ID: 32320024
Inulin‑type fructans (3–7 g) robustly increased Bifidobacterium in randomized crossover trials—clear bifidogenic effect.
- The Effect of Chitosan Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota and Various Health Factors in Icelandic Females: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 40484808
Chitosan increased bifidobacteria but decreased overall diversity—microbiome altered though not uniformly beneficial.
- Effects of perioperative synbiotic treatment on infectious complications, intestinal integrity, and fecal flora and organic acids in hepatic surgery with or without cirrhosis
PubMed ID: 21527594
Perioperative synbiotic attenuated surgery‑related loss of intestinal integrity (DAO) and reduced infections—enhanced gut resilience.
- Effect of dietary intervention with different pre- and probiotics on intestinal bacterial enzyme activities
PubMed ID: 17327863
Certain prebiotics reduced fecal β‑glucuronidase (harmful enzyme) and tended to increase bifidobacteria.
- Prebiotic evaluation of a novel galactooligosaccharide mixture produced by the enzymatic activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171, in healthy humans: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled intervention study
PubMed ID: 18326619
GOS produced a clear, dose‑dependent increase in bifidobacteria in healthy adults (strong direct evidence of microbiota balancing).
- Beneficial effects of probiotic bifidobacterium and galacto-oligosaccharide in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 21525768
Synbiotic improved colonoscopic disease activity and reduced lavage MPO in UC, indicating enhanced mucosal resilience.
- Randomized pilot trial of a synbiotic dietary supplement in chronic HIV-1 infection
PubMed ID: 22747752
4‑week synbiotic in HIV+ women significantly raised levels of supplemented probiotic bacteria in stool.
- New prebiotic blend of polydextrose and galacto-oligosaccharides has a bifidogenic effect in young infants
PubMed ID: 21946836
Infant formula with PDX+GOS increased total bifidobacteria/B. longum (robust bifidogenic effect in infants).
- Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients
PubMed ID: 17284748
12‑week synbiotic increased Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus and decreased harmful Clostridium perfringens in patients.
- Effects of drinking water synbiotic supplementation in laying hens challenged with Salmonella
PubMed ID: 29982803
In laying hens, synbiotic raised certain beneficial bacteria (species-level) though animal model limits direct human inference.
- Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides mitigate the adverse effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled study in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 28774885
GOS prevented iron-driven loss of bifidobacteria and pathogen gene increases in infants—clear microbiome preservation.
- Exploring the Fecal Metabolome in Infants With Cow's Milk Allergy: The Distinct Impacts of Cow's Milk Protein Tolerance Acquisition and of Synbiotic Supplementation
PubMed ID: 39665335
Synbiotic formula in infants increased Bifidobacterium-linked metabolites and shifted bile acids—coherent microbiome/metabolome changes.
- Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: a controlled trial in liver transplant recipients
PubMed ID: 12134110
L. plantarum + fiber perioperative enteral feeding improved outcomes and implied beneficial gut flora effects in humans.
- Whole-grain wheat breakfast cereal has a prebiotic effect on the human gut microbiota: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
PubMed ID: 17761020
Whole-grain wheat cereal increased bifidobacteria and lactobacilli vs wheat bran—prebiotic-like microbiome change.
- Synbiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, or peptide in early enteral nutrition: a randomized study in trauma patients
PubMed ID: 17308252
Synbiotic formula reduced intestinal permeability by ~59% and dramatically cut infections—clear resilience improvements.
- Comparison of early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis with prebiotic fiber supplementation versus standard enteral solution: a prospective randomized double-blind study
PubMed ID: 17569144
Prebiotic-supplemented enteral feeding in severe pancreatitis accelerated recovery and shortened stay—enhanced resilience.
- Effect of a mixture of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharide on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium intestinal microbiota of patients receiving radiotherapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23588438
Inulin+FOS helped restore Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts after radiotherapy—demonstrates microbiota recovery.
- Microbiota benefits after inulin and partially hydrolized guar gum supplementation: a randomized clinical trial in constipated women
PubMed ID: 22566311
Inulin/PHGG reduced Clostridium spp. abundance in constipated women—meaningful microbial shift despite no clinical bowel-habit superiority.
- Digestive and physiologic effects of a wheat bran extract, arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide, in breakfast cereal
PubMed ID: 22771050
AXOS increased fecal bifidobacteria in a double-blind crossover—evidence of prebiotic bifidogenic activity.
- Randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of the effect of a synbiotic dairy product on orocecal transit time in healthy adult women
PubMed ID: 23165580
Synbiotic product stabilized lactic flora in slow-transit women—beneficial microflora stabilization.
- Impact of a resistant dextrin on intestinal ecology: how altering the digestive ecosystem with NUTRIOSE®, a soluble fibre with prebiotic properties, may be beneficial for health
PubMed ID: 22429361
Resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE®) reproducibly increased Bacteroides and suppressed C. perfringens across trials—clear selective microbiota modulation.
- Supplementation of Diet With Galacto-oligosaccharides Increases Bifidobacteria, but Not Insulin Sensitivity, in Obese Prediabetic Individuals
PubMed ID: 28396144
GOS caused a marked (~5‑fold) increase in fecal Bifidobacterium abundance in overweight/obese prediabetic adults (strong bifidogenic effect).
- Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains and galactooligosaccharides improve intestinal barrier function in obese adults but show no synergism when used together as synbiotics
PubMed ID: 29954454
GOS and targeted Bifidobacterium probiotics increased genus Bifidobacterium and showed probiotic strain engraftment in obese adults.
- Habitual dietary fibre intake influences gut microbiota response to an inulin-type fructan prebiotic: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, human intervention study
PubMed ID: 29307330
Response to inulin‑type prebiotic depended on habitual fiber: both Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium increased, showing diet‑modified microbiome responses.
- Effect of Repeated Consumption of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Fecal Characteristics and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 31509971
PHGG increased fecal bifidobacteria in adults prone to loose stools (microbiota benefit alongside symptom improvement).
- Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation in a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss Achievement and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 31298466
Synbiotic in VLCKD patients increased SCFA‑producing genera (Odoribacter/Lachnospira), indicating favorable microbiota modulation.
- Effect of wheat bran derived prebiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal transit, gut microbiota, and metabolic health: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults with a slow gut transit
PubMed ID: 31983281
AXOS produced a clear bifidogenic effect and microbiota changes in adults with slow gut transit.
- Prebiotic potencial of juçara berry on changes in gut bacteria and acetate of individuals with obesity
PubMed ID: 32108262
Juçara powder robustly increased acetate and several beneficial taxa (Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium), demonstrating clear prebiotic microbiome effects.
- Effects of dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms and roles of gut microbiota: a double-blinded randomized placebo trial
PubMed ID: 37078654
Prebiotic-containing formulas produced clinical bowel improvements consistent with microbiome-mediated mechanisms.
- Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre blend on inflammation, the gut microbiota and affective symptoms in metabolic syndrome: a pilot open-label randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39411833
Diverse prebiotic increased Bifidobacterium and Parabacteroides alongside clinical benefits.
- Prebiotic diet changes neural correlates of food decision-making in overweight adults: a randomised controlled within-subject cross-over trial
PubMed ID: 37793780
High-dose inulin increased Bifidobacterium and other fiber-degrading taxa in overweight adults.
- Impact of resistant starch type 3 on fecal microbiota and stool frequency in Thai adults with chronic constipation randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39543201
RS-3 increased Bifidobacterium and Prevotella and normalized stool form—classic prebiotic effects on microbiota.
- Beneficial Effects of Synbiotics on the Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Low Fiber Intake: Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38999830
See above — strong compositional microbiome changes observed.
- Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement on HbA1c, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory biomarkers in pre-diabetes: a pilot placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38654680
Diverse prebiotic altered metabolic outcomes and inflammation consistent with microbiome-mediated effects.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Efficacy of Opuntia ficus-indica Prebiotic Supplementation in Subjects with Gut Dysbiosis
PubMed ID: 38474715
Opuntia prebiotic shifted microbiome (decreased F/B ratio) and increased symptom scores vs placebo.
- Effects of combined prebiotic fiber supplementation and weight loss counseling in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40172664
Oligofructose‑enriched inulin raised Bifidobacterium abundance in MASLD patients.
- Synbiotics protected radiation-induced tissue damage in rectal cancer patients: A controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40250086
Synbiotic reduced radiation‑induced tissue inflammation/fibrosis and preserved mucosal microbiota vs fiber‑only or control—strong resilience signal.
- Tolerability and efficacy of an enteral formula containing partially hydrolyzed guar gum in patients following gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 41483486
PHGG preserved body weight and reduced diarrhea/distension in post‑operative patients, indicating improved feeding tolerance/resilience.
- Altered gut microbiome function in ADHD: More Prevotella, less vitamin B12 biosynthesis, and beneficial modulation by synbiotic treatment
PubMed ID: 41500324
Synbiotic intervention in ADHD shifted taxonomic and functional microbiome features toward control patterns.
- Synbiotics Easing Renal Failure by Improving Gut Microbiology (SYNERGY): A Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 26772193
Synbiotic enriched Bifidobacterium and altered stool microbiota in CKD patients—microbiome shift observed.
- Differential effects of inulin and fructooligosaccharides on gut microbiota composition and glycemic metabolism in overweight/obese and healthy individuals: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 40598275
Inulin altered gut microbial taxa (eg, reduced Ruminococcus) correlated with metabolic benefit.
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia
PubMed ID: 41627702
HMB + FOS improved intestinal barrier markers (DAO, D-lactic acid, endotoxin) and reduced inflammation—evidence of greater gut resilience.
- Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically Ill trauma patients: early results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16983476
Synbiotic reduced infections/sepsis in critically ill trauma patients—suggests improved gut/host resistance in severe stress.
- Prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing Jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study
PubMed ID: 20187995
Jerusalem artichoke inulin (5 g/day) increased fecal bifidobacteria in a randomized placebo-controlled trial—strong direct evidence.
- Improved growth of toddlers fed a milk containing synbiotics
PubMed ID: 21393113
Toddlers fed synbiotic milk had higher lactobacilli counts (microbiota change; synbiotic confound).
- Tolerance, safety, and effect on the faecal microbiota of an enteral formula supplemented with pre- and probiotics in critically ill children
PubMed ID: 21788759
Enteral synbiotic: increased fecal bifidobacteria and reduced enterobacteria in ventilated children (microbiota shift; includes probiotic).
- Physiological and bifidogenic effects of prebiotic supplements in infant formulae
PubMed ID: 21593649
Infant RCT: prebiotic-supplemented formula increased total fecal bacteria and bifidobacteria (clear bifidogenic effect).
- Safety and efficacy of inulin and oligofructose supplementation in infant formula: results from a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23498848
Large infant RCT: oligofructose-enriched inulin produced a microbiota closer to breastfed infants (strong evidence for microbiota balancing).
- Treatment outcomes of infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease treated with synbiotics
PubMed ID: 24043284
In infants with CHD, synbiotic markedly lowered sepsis/NEC and mortality—evidence of increased clinical gut resilience (synbiotic confound).
- Inulin-type fructans modulate intestinal Bifidobacterium species populations and decrease fecal short-chain fatty acids in obese women
PubMed ID: 24969566
Inulin-type fructans increased specific Bifidobacterium spp. in obese women (direct microbiota modulation).
- Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce specific changes in the human gut microbiota
PubMed ID: 28213610
Four weeks of chicory inulin produced selective, reproducible increases in Bifidobacterium and Anaerostipes and decreased Bilophila—strong bifidogenic microbiota modulation.
- Prebiotics Reduce Body Fat and Alter Intestinal Microbiota in Children Who Are Overweight or With Obesity
PubMed ID: 28596023
Oligofructose increased Bifidobacterium counts in overweight children with metabolic improvements—robust microbiota change.
- Inulin-type fructans and whey protein both modulate appetite but only fructans alter gut microbiota in adults with overweight/obesity: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28730743
ITF groups showed increases in Bifidobacterium in a large RCT—consistent bifidogenic effect.
- Effect of Chicory-derived Inulin on Abdominal Sensations and Bowel Motor Function
PubMed ID: 27680592
Inulin increased fecal Bifidobacterium significantly in patients with functional gut symptoms—clear microbiota effect despite limited symptom benefit.
- Inulin-Type Fructan Supplementation of 3- to 6-Year-Old Children Is Associated with Higher Fecal Bifidobacterium Concentrations and Fewer Febrile Episodes Requiring Medical Attention
PubMed ID: 29982534
Six-month inulin in young children produced a strong, statistically significant rise in fecal Bifidobacterium.
- Effect of Prebiotic on Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability, and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
PubMed ID: 31188437
In T1D children, oligofructose-enriched inulin raised bifidobacteria transiently—evidence of microbiota modulation.
- Prebiotic supplementation over a cold season and during antibiotic treatment specifically modulates the gut microbiota composition of 3-6 year-old children
PubMed ID: 30776899
Large 24-week trial in children demonstrated increased bifidobacteria and protection against antibiotic-associated microbiota disturbance—very strong evidence for balancing microbes.
- Link between gut microbiota and health outcomes in inulin -treated obese patients: Lessons from the Food4Gut multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32340903
Three-month native inulin produced specific microbiota shifts including increased Bifidobacterium and decreased potentially harmful taxa in obese adults.
- Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula-A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 33924514
Infant formula with oligofructose-inulin increased bifidobacteria markedly—large infant RCT confirming bifidogenic effect.
- Immune status, well-being and gut microbiota in military supplemented with synbiotic ice cream and submitted to field training: a randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33593462
Synbiotic ice‑cream increased Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus counts after 30 days in soldiers.
- Physical activity enhances the improvement of body mass index and metabolism by inulin: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in obese individuals
PubMed ID: 35351144
Three months inulin increased Bifidobacterium in obese subjects alongside metabolic improvements (especially with added PA).
- Overall Structural Alteration of Gut Microbiota and Relationships with Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Treated with Inulin Alone and with Other Agents: An Open-Label Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 35633654
Pilot data show distinct microbial signatures with inulin/combinations (support for microbiota modulation).
- The Impact of Synbiotic Treatment on the Levels of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients-A Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 35995418
Twelve‑week synbiotic produced significant shifts in gut metabolites/toxins and microbiota with clinical kidney benefits (synbiotic includes inulin).
- Inulin-type fructans and 2'fucosyllactose alter both microbial composition and appear to alleviate stress-induced mood state in a working population compared to placebo (maltodextrin): the EFFICAD Trial, a randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37657523
Oligofructose produced large increases in Bifidobacterium with parallel clinical mood benefits—strong bifidogenic evidence.
- Prebiotics improve frailty status in community-dwelling older individuals in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39286985
12‑week prebiotic mix changed microbiota/metabolome in older adults (↑B. adolescentis) alongside clinical frailty improvements.
- The arsenic-lowering effect of inulin-type prebiotics in end-stage renal disease: a randomized crossover trial
PubMed ID: 38093628
Inulin‑type prebiotics in dialysis patients increased arsenic clearance and altered gut markers—evidence of enhanced detox/clearance capacity.
- Synergistic immunomodulatory effect of synbiotics pre- and postoperative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 38662232
Perioperative synbiotics caused major beneficial immune/microbiota changes and improved outcomes—strong microbial modulation.
- Prebiotics increase iron absorption and reduce the adverse effects of iron on the gut microbiome and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial using iron stable isotopes in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 38042412
Prebiotics in Kenyan infants increased Lactobacillus, decreased Enterobacteriaceae and lowered fecal inflammation—clear microbiota balancing.
- Early Effect of Supplemented Infant Formulae on Intestinal Biomarkers and Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 32443684
BMOS‑supplemented formula produced robust bifidogenic effects and favorable gut‑maturation biomarkers in term infants.
- Pharmacological Therapy Determines the Gut Microbiota Modulation by a Pomegranate Extract Nutraceutical in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33458928
Pomegranate polyphenols changed gut taxa (increasing Lactococcus/Bifidobacterium in subgroups), supporting microbiome modulation.
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Multi-Species Synbiotic Supplementation for Bloating, Gas, and Abdominal Discomfort
PubMed ID: 41599868
Symptom improvements seen in a synbiotic trial imply positive functional microbiome effects, though microbiota data weren't primary.
- Effects of 1-kestose on microbiome changes caused by vonoprazan: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 38149305
1‑kestose prevented vonoprazan‑associated loss of diversity and limited Streptococcus overgrowth—protective microbial balancing.
- Supplementation of a bovine milk formula with an oligosaccharide mixture increases counts of faecal bifidobacteria in preterm infants
PubMed ID: 11978748
Galacto/fructo‑oligosaccharide‑supplemented preterm formula significantly increased bifidobacteria to levels similar to breastfed infants.
- Randomized double-blind study of the nutritional efficacy and bifidogenicity of a new infant formula containing partially hydrolyzed protein, a high beta-palmitic acid level, and nondigestible oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 12604972
Infant formula with prebiotics increased bifidobacteria and shifted stool microbiology toward breastfed profiles.
- Effects of a new mixture of prebiotics on faecal flora and stools in term infants
PubMed ID: 14599046
Dose-dependent increase in bifidobacteria and stool changes demonstrate a clear prebiotic bifidogenic effect.
- Influence of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb 12, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and oligofructose on gut barrier function and sepsis in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 15297081
Synbiotic reduced potentially pathogenic gastric bacteria in ICU patients—upper-GI microbial benefit.
- Effect of the prebiotic oligofructose on relapse of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a randomized, controlled study
PubMed ID: 15880313
Oligofructose substantially raised bifidobacteria and markedly reduced C. difficile relapse—strong microbial and clinical impact.
- Effects of infant formula containing a mixture of galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides or viable Bifidobacterium animalis on the intestinal microflora during the first 4 months of life
PubMed ID: 16277782
GOS/FOS produced SCFA/pH shifts resembling breast-fed infants and altered microbiota composition—robust prebiotic effect.
- Isoflavones and functional foods alter the dominant intestinal microbiota in postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 16317121
FOS produced notable bifidogenic effect and composition changes in postmenopausal women.
- Acidic oligosaccharides from pectin hydrolysate as new component for infant formulae: effect on intestinal flora, stool characteristics, and pH
PubMed ID: 16056097
Combination of acidic and neutral oligosaccharides significantly increased bifidobacteria vs control.
- Effect of a milk formula with prebiotics on the intestinal microbiota of infants after an antibiotic treatment
PubMed ID: 16492988
After antibiotics, prebiotic formula increased bifidobacteria counts rapidly—restorative microbiota effect.
- Bifidogenic effects of solid weaning foods with added prebiotic oligosaccharides: a randomised controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 16707980
Adding GOS/FOS during weaning increased bifidobacteria proportion in formula-fed infants.
- Effects of probiotic or prebiotic supplemented milk formulas on fecal microbiota composition of infants
PubMed ID: 16837430
Prebiotic-supplemented formula raised bifidobacteria transiently to levels similar to breastfed infants.
- The effect of a fructo-oligosaccharide supplemented formula on gut flora of preterm infants
PubMed ID: 16978805
Preterm infants on FOS had more bifidobacteria and fewer E. coli/enterococci—clear beneficial compositional change.
- Term infants fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics grow normally and have soft stools similar to those reported for breast-fed infants
PubMed ID: 17325558
Prebiotic formulas caused softer stools and some microbial shifts in infants.
- Effects on faecal microbiota of dietary and acidic oligosaccharides in children during partial formula feeding
PubMed ID: 18493215
Prebiotic oligosaccharides increased bifidobacteria and significantly shifted key fecal groups.
- Long-term colonization of a Lactobacillus plantarum synbiotic preparation in the neonatal gut
PubMed ID: 18607268
Short synbiotic led to strong initial colonization by L. plantarum and persistent changes in stool bacteria.
- Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers
PubMed ID: 18996881
B-GOS increased bifidobacteria and altered immune markers—clear microbiota impact.
- Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 19053980
GOS dose-dependently increased bifidobacteria (significant).
- In school-aged children a combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus GG increases bifidobacteria more than Lactobacillus GG on its own
PubMed ID: 18544974
GOS doubled fecal bifidobacteria in children versus probiotic alone.
- A randomized placebo-controlled comparison of 2 prebiotic/probiotic combinations in preterm infants: impact on weight gain, intestinal microbiota, and fecal short-chain fatty acids
PubMed ID: 19179885
Commercial prebiotic/probiotic greatly increased stool bifidobacteria (>100,000-fold) in preterm infants—clear microbial balancing effect.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human study assessing the capacity of a novel galacto-oligosaccharide mixture in reducing travellers' diarrhoea
PubMed ID: 19756029
Prevention and shortening of travellers' diarrhea suggests improved resilience to enteric pathogens.
- Impact of a jelly containing short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and Sideritis euboea extract on human faecal microbiota
PubMed ID: 19735957
sc-FOS jelly produced several-fold increases in fecal bifidobacteria sustained for two weeks post-supplement—strong bifidogenic effect.
- Prebiotic and probiotic fortified milk in prevention of morbidities among children: community-based, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20730056
Reduced dysentery and pneumonia and fewer severe illness days in a large RCT indicates improved overall gut/host resilience to infection.
- Clinical trial: the microbiological and immunological effects of synbiotic consumption - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in active Crohn's disease
PubMed ID: 20735782
Synbiotic improved Crohn's disease activity and mucosal histology—indicates enhanced resilience in IBD patients.
- Effect of a new synbiotic mixture on atopic dermatitis in infants: a randomized-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20184604
Synbiotic changed infants' gut bacteria strongly (large increases in bifidobacteria, decreases in some clostridia groups).
- Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent infectious complications in patients after elective living donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized study
PubMed ID: 20619394
Perioperative synbiotic altered fecal microflora favorably in liver transplant patients (increased bifidobacteria reported).
- Bifidobacterium combined with fructo-oligosaccharide versus lactulose in the treatment of patients with hepatic encephalopathy
PubMed ID: 19730107
Bifidobacterium plus FOS was used (synbiotic) and produced clinical benefit—microbiota modulation part of mechanism.
- Determination of the in vivo prebiotic potential of a maize-based whole grain breakfast cereal: a human feeding study
PubMed ID: 20487589
Whole-grain cereal increased bifidobacteria in healthy adults—prebiotic activity evident.
- Tolerance and safety evaluation in a large cohort of healthy infants fed an innovative prebiotic formula: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22140499
Prebiotic infant formula produced breastfeeding-like stool patterns and is consistent with microbiota modulation (safety trial).
- Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the "COPA" pilot randomized trial
PubMed ID: 21525866
Prebiotic mix raised bifidobacteria markedly and decreased detrimental clostridia in HIV+ adults.
- Randomised clinical trial: the synbiotic food supplement Probiotical vs. placebo for acute gastroenteritis in children
PubMed ID: 21899583
Synbiotic treatment in children with acute diarrhoea shortened illness and normalized stools faster, associated with improved microbial recovery.
- Fermented milk supplemented with probiotics and prebiotics can effectively alter the intestinal microbiota and immunity of host animals
PubMed ID: 22916885
Fermented milk with probiotics + an oligosaccharide increased bifidobacteria/lactobacilli and decreased enterobacteria in healthy adults (synbiotic product).
- Impact of perioperative administration of synbiotics in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22503510
Perioperative synbiotics increased beneficial fecal bacteria, decreased harmful bacteria, increased organic acids and lowered intestinal pH post-op.
- β2-1 Fructans have a bifidogenic effect in healthy middle-aged human subjects but do not alter immune responses examined in the absence of an in vivo immune challenge: results from a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22244014
Healthy adults: prebiotic increased fecal bifidobacteria significantly (clear bifidogenic effect).
- Synbiotic therapy reduces the pathological gram-negative rods caused by an increased acetic acid concentration in the gut
PubMed ID: 22576712
Enteral‑fed patients showed ~100-fold increases in Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus and reduction of pathological gram‑negative rods — robust microbiota shift.
- 2'-Fucosyllactose supplementation results in a transient improvement in gut microbial resilience after vancomycin use in adults with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention
PubMed ID: 41243448
2'‑Fucosyllactose transiently improved microbiome recovery following vancomycin and lowered IL‑6 slightly—direct evidence for enhanced post‑antibiotic resilience.
- A Prebiotic-Supplemented Formula Improves Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammatory Microenvironment in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40939878
Prebiotic in colorectal adenoma patients associated with modest favorable taxa shifts (Ruminococcaceae trends).
- Effects and Persistence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 and Fructooligosaccharides on Older Adults with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40499217
Synbiotic raised bifidobacteria in constipated older adults with correlation to clinical improvement.
- Bifidogenic Effect of 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Formula-Fed Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40290019
Adding 2′‑FL to formula produced a pronounced bifidogenic effect approximating breastfeeding—a strong ecological effect.
- Restoration of gut microbiota with a specific synbiotic-containing infant formula in healthy Chinese infants born by cesarean section
PubMed ID: 39915586
Infant formula with bifidobacteria+prebiotics restored infant‑type bifidobacterial communities and rescued C‑section deficits.
- Gut Microbiota Shifts After a Weight Loss Program in Adults with Obesity: The WLM3P Study
PubMed ID: 40732984
Weight‑loss program remodeled the gut (Faecalibacterium, diversity) linking microbiota change to fat loss (not solely prebiotic).
- A human milk oligosaccharide alters the microbiome, circulating hormones, and metabolites in a randomized controlled trial of older adults
PubMed ID: 40738103
2′‑FL (HMO) in older adults increased bifidobacteria substantially (randomized trial).
- Efficacy of 1-Kestose Supplementation in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 39275204
1‑kestose reduced E. coli abundance and altered microbiome/metabolites in pancreatic cancer patients (pilot).
- A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial of Prebiotic Supplementation in Children with Autism: Effects on Parental Quality of Life, Child Behaviour, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and the Microbiome
PubMed ID: 38291245
GOS in children with autism produced a marked rise in bifidobacteria (threefold) in an RCT.
- Efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharide in the treatment of functional constipation: randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38787732
GOS increased bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in functional constipation (RCT)—clear microbiome modulation.
- Pilot, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating 4 oral hygiene regimens using a manual toothbrush, toothpaste, and mouthwash
PubMed ID: 38905608
Prebiotic/paraprobiotic oral care stabilized oral microbiome and reduced plaque.
- Effectiveness of a Balanced Nine-Strain Synbiotic in Primary-Care Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients-A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38794741
Marked, consistent IBS symptom improvements and stool normalization imply increased functional resilience.
- Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose Ingestion on Weight Loss and Markers of Health
PubMed ID: 39408354
2′‑FL improved intestinal permeability (zonulin) and preserved lean mass—signals of barrier/resilience improvement.
- Effects of synbiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and full enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39287261
Reduced NEC, feeding intolerance and faster feeding tolerance indicate stronger gut resilience in VLBW infants.
- Six-month randomized, placebo controlled trial of synbiotic supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing lifestyle modifications
PubMed ID: 39636391
Synbiotic in PCOS lowered endotoxemia and improved metabolic markers—consistent with microbiome modulation.
- The effects of AG1® supplementation on the gut microbiome of healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39352252
AG1® synbiotic increased target probiotic species in stool and altered microbial pathways.
- Maternal prebiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modifies the microbiome and short chain fatty acid profile of both mother and infant
PubMed ID: 38452522
Maternal prebiotic increased maternal bifidobacteria and altered infant microbiome beta‑diversity.
- Effect of gut microbiome modulation on muscle function and cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38424099
Protein+prebiotic increased bifidobacteria in older twins with microbiome shifts linked to cognition.
- Probiotics combined with prebiotics alleviated seasonal allergic rhinitis by altering the composition and metabolic function of intestinal microbiota: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39555052
Synbiotic raised faecal acetate and shifted cytokine profiles, consistent with microbiota modulation.
- Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids
PubMed ID: 37242222
2′‑FL dose‑dependently increased microbiota fermentation products and systemic metabolites linked to breast‑fed patterns.
- Effect of an Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Food Supplement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 37049576
Probiotic+prebiotic supplement in COVID patients shortened GI symptoms and likely influenced gut ecology.
- Lactulose regulates gut microbiota dysbiosis and promotes short-chain fatty acids production in acute pancreatitis patients with intestinal dysfunction
PubMed ID: 37116350
Lactulose enriched beneficial bacteria and increased SCFAs in acute pancreatitis patients.
- Efficacy of 1-kestose supplementation in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 36644995
Clinical remission in UC patients suggests improved disease control and mucosal resilience for some.
- Faecal and urine metabolites, but not gut microbiota, may predict response to low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 37313992
B‑GOS addition altered faecal propionate and urine metabolites predictive of response (microbial signal).
- Gut microbiota intervention by pre and probiotics can induce regulatory T cells and reduce the risk of severe acute GVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
PubMed ID: 37037266
Pre-transplant synbiotic reduced severe GVHD and increased Tregs, suggesting enhanced host-gut resilience to immune insults.
- Effect of a Probiotic and a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass, Body Weight and Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Abdominal Overweight: A Human, Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study
PubMed ID: 37447365
Probiotic/synbiotic interventions reduced body fat and altered metabolic markers with microbiome involvement.
- Consumption of Solnul(™) Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37049425
Resistant potato starch increased Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia and shifted stool consistency—meets prebiotic criteria.
- Comparison of the Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation on the Immune Function of Male University Football Players
PubMed ID: 36904156
Synbiotic raised salivary SIgA and shifted the microbiome in athletes, lowering URTI incidence.
- A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (RECOVERY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38071990
SIM01 produced symptomatic improvements in long COVID likely mediated by microbiome changes.
- The effects of synbiotics supplementation on reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects in women with breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37752516
Synbiotic improved bowel function during chemotherapy, consistent with favorable microbiome effects.
- Effect of a Multispecies Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Composition, Antioxidant Status, and Gut Microbiomes in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37111082
Multispecies synbiotic produced body-composition benefits and microbiome-associated antioxidant changes.
- Effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on ponderal and linear growth in severely malnourished young infants in a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36725893
B. infantis intervention in malnourished infants produced clinical weight changes with microbiome colonization effects.
- Effects of galactooligosaccharides on maternal gut microbiota, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy: A randomized controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 36777355
GOS in pregnancy changed several gut genera though no clinical metabolic improvement was seen.
- Effects of dragon fruit oligosaccharides on immunity, gut microbiome, and their metabolites in healthy adults - A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study
PubMed ID: 37087207
Dragon fruit oligosaccharides increased bifidobacteria and reduced E. coli in healthy adults.
- Effect of synbiotics on weight loss and metabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37424169
Synbiotic-containing interventions with lifestyle changes altered weight and likely microbiome composition (indirect attribution).
- Targeting the gut-lung axis by synbiotic feeding to infants in a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36803508
Synbiotic formula increased bifidobacteria and reduced Klebsiella in infants—clear compositional benefits.
- Reversible aberrancies in gut microbiome of moderate and late preterm infants: results from a randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38010080
Probiotic/prebiotic in preterm infants accelerated maturation toward a Bifidobacterium-dominated composition.
- Modulating a prebiotic food source influences inflammation and immune-regulating gut microbes and metabolites: insights from the BE GONE trial
PubMed ID: 38040541
Navy-bean prebiotic increased alpha diversity and beneficial metabolites in humans, directly improving microbiome balance.
- Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37614109
Synbiotic increased fecal sIgA and beneficial taxa while lowering systemic inflammation in healthy adults.
- Therapeutic effects of synbiotic on neonates with gestational age over 34 weeks admitted for jaundice
PubMed ID: 34957952
Oral synbiotic adjunct in neonatal jaundice accelerated bilirubin decline, consistent with microbiome-mediated enterohepatic effects.
- Functional response to a microbial synbiotic in the gastrointestinal system of children: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36319696
Multistrain synbiotic increased abundances of administered probiotic species and showed microbiome predictors of response.
- Investigating the effect of oral synbiotic on enteral feeding tolerance in critically ill patients: A double-blinded controlled clinical trial of gut microbiota
PubMed ID: 35809224
Improved feeding tolerance and fewer aspiration events in ICU patients indicate increased gut resilience under stress.
- Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides Impact Stool Frequency and Fecal Microbiota in Self-Reported Constipated Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35057489
11 g GOS produced a large, reproducible increase in Bifidobacterium (clear microbiota balancing effect).
- Previous gut microbiota has an effect on postprandial insulin response after intervention with yacon syrup as a source of fructooligosaccharides: a randomized, crossover, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36736091
Acute FOS (yacon) response correlated with baseline bifidobacteria; indicates microbiota‑dependent metabolic effects.
- A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial analyzing the effect of synbiotics on infectious complications following living donor liver transplant-PREPRO trial
PubMed ID: 35583161
Perioperative synbiotic halved early postoperative infections, indicating enhanced colonization resistance and resilience.
- Early-life fecal microbiome and metabolome dynamics in response to an intervention with infant formula containing specific prebiotics and postbiotics
PubMed ID: 35348015
Infant formula with targeted prebiotics/postbiotics shifted microbiota and metabolome toward breastfed profile (strong compositional/functional change).
- Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36173031
Synbiotic + diet produced marked reductions in fecal calprotectin and improved GI symptoms (improved mucosal resilience).
- An Infant Formula with Large, Milk Phospholipid-Coated Lipid Droplets Supports Adequate Growth and Is Well-Tolerated in Healthy, Term Asian Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35276993
Infant formula with prebiotics/postbiotics produced bifidobacteria increases and breastfed-like stool features (microbiota balancing).
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Multi-Strain Synbiotic in Patients with Functional Diarrhea and High Fecal Calprotectin Levels: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 36501047
Synbiotic raised Lactobacillales in functional-diarrhea patients (taxonomic shift consistent with balancing).
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Rice Bran Intake on Microbiota Diversity, Enteric Dysfunction, and Fecal Secretory IgA in Malian and Nicaraguan Infants
PubMed ID: 35441218
Rice bran accelerated microbiota maturation and increased beneficial taxa (e.g., Lactobacillus) in infants.
- The Effect of ß-Glucan Prebiotic on Kidney Function, Uremic Toxins and Gut Microbiome in Stage 3 to 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Predialysis Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 35215453
β‑glucan induced modest microbiome shifts and reduced gut-derived toxins in CKD, indicating compositional/functional change.
- The gut microbiome, mild cognitive impairment, and probiotics: A randomized clinical trial in middle-aged and older adults
PubMed ID: 36228569
LGG supplementation altered key taxa (e.g., Prevotella) associated with cognitive outcomes (microbial modulation).
- Adjuvant Effect of Orally Applied Preparations Containing Non-Digestible Polysaccharides on Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Seniors: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial
PubMed ID: 34444843
Arabinoxylan in seniors increased Bifidobacterium abundance (microbiota modulation).
- Supplementation of 1-Kestose Modulates the Gut Microbiota Composition to Ameliorate Glucose Metabolism in Obesity-Prone Hosts
PubMed ID: 34578862
1‑kestose supplementation increased bifidobacteria in overweight/obese adults.
- Impact of synbiotics treatment on bacteremia induced during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer: A randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34775221
Synbiotics prevented bacterial translocation and bacteremia during chemotherapy and increased fecal acetate/lowered pH.
- Effects of a nine-strain bacterial synbiotic compared to simethicone in colicky babies - an open-label randomised study
PubMed ID: 33765904
Multi‑strain synbiotic produced large clinical effects in colic accompanied by presumed microbiome modulation.
- A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants
PubMed ID: 34172012
Synbiotic (scGOS/lcFOS + B. breve) restored Bifidobacterium colonization and shifted metabolic profile in C‑section infants.
- Lactulose ingestion causes an increase in the abundance of gut-resident bifidobacteria in Japanese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 33393445
Two weeks of 2 g/day lactulose increased counts of several bifidobacterial species in healthy women.
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome
PubMed ID: 34444974
BB‑12 yogurt attenuated antibiotic‑induced SCFA losses and enabled faster microbiome recovery — strong resilience signal.
- Galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation in prefrail older and healthy adults increased faecal bifidobacteria, but did not impact immune function and oxidative stress
PubMed ID: 33509667
GOS increased fecal bifidobacteria in prefrail elderly and adults (clear prebiotic microbiome effect).
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum adiponectin and inflammation status of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33404812
8‑week synbiotic increased adiponectin and reduced inflammatory markers in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors; synbiotic nature implies microbiome modulation.
- Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33854983
Prebiotic + OPO formula shifted infant gut microbiota toward a breastfed‑like profile.
- Clinical evaluation of the synbiotic Prodefen Plus® in the prevention of the antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in subjects requiring antibiotic treatment
PubMed ID: 33032474
Reduced antibiotic‑associated diarrhea indicates protection against antibiotic‑induced gut disruption.
- Effects of Yeast Mannan Which Promotes Beneficial Bacteroides on the Intestinal Environment and Skin Condition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 33260560
Yeast‑derived mannan selectively increased beneficial Bacteroides species and reduced harmful fecal metabolites (species‑specific prebiotic effect).
- Synbiotics Alter Fecal Microbiomes, But Not Liver Fat or Fibrosis, in a Randomized Trial of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed ID: 31987796
One‑year synbiotic produced significant increases in Bifidobacterium and other compositional shifts in NAFLD patients (no liver benefit but microbiome changed).
- Fermented infant formula (with Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus O65) with prebiotic oligosaccharides is safe and modulates the gut microbiota towards a microbiota closer to that of breastfed infants
PubMed ID: 32893049
Large infant RCT: formula with scGOS/lcFOS increased bifidobacteria and shifted microbiota toward breastfed pattern (clear prebiotic microbiota effect).
- Impact of diet and synbiotics on selected gut bacteria and intestinal permeability in individuals with excess body weight - A Prospective, Randomized Study
PubMed ID: 33326198
Diet + synbiotics increased microbial diversity (Shannon/Simpson) and increased Bifidobacterium while lowering zonulin.
- Effects of Synbiotics and Probiotics Supplementation on Serum Levels of Endotoxin, Heat Shock Protein 70 Antibodies and Inflammatory Markers in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30617950
Reduced endotoxin and systemic inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients suggest improved host–microbe balance and resilience.
- Mixed Spices at Culinary Doses Have Prebiotic Effects in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 31242596
Short culinary spice intervention reduced Firmicutes and greatly increased B. animalis (~24‑fold) — clear compositional shifts.
- Prebiotic effect of two grams of lactulose in healthy Japanese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 31131617
Lactulose increased Bifidobacterium abundance while improving bowel habits — strong prebiotic effect on microbiota.
- Intestinal microbiome analysis demonstrates azithromycin post-treatment effects improve when combined with lactulose
PubMed ID: 31583533
Lactulose accelerated microbiota recovery after azithromycin and limited opportunistic overgrowth — direct evidence of improved resilience.
- [A machine learning model based on initial gut microbiome data for predicting changes of Bifidobacterium after prebiotics consumption]
PubMed ID: 29643029
FOS/GOS altered alpha diversity and a validated model predicted bifidobacterial response — mechanistic support for microbiota balancing.
- Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence
PubMed ID: 30109908
B‑GOS® is a selective prebiotic known to promote bifidogenesis while improving symptoms in functional GI patients.
- A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects
PubMed ID: 30048547
Oligofructose increased breath hydrogen, colonic volume and raised Bifidobacterium — clear microbiota modulation.
- Galacto-Oligosaccharide/Polidextrose Enriched Formula Protects against Respiratory Infections in Infants at High Risk of Atopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29494489
GOS/PDX‑enriched formula increased bifidobacteria in infants and altered infection outcomes—robust microbiota change.
- Effects of Prebiotics vs a Diet Low in FODMAPs in Patients With Functional Gut Disorders
PubMed ID: 29964041
Small‑dose prebiotic increased bifidobacteria and decreased Bilophila, with symptom improvements—microbiota modulation demonstrated.
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation
PubMed ID: 30388751
FOS increased bifidobacteria while improving stool measures in constipated infants (microbiota + clinical change).
- Effects of prebiotics on immunologic indicators and intestinal microbiota structure in perioperative colorectal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 30711862
Seven days preoperative prebiotic increased Bifidobacterium and other taxa pre‑op (short‑term microbiota change).
- Synbiotics modulate gut microbiota and reduce enteritis and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30261905
Marked reductions in enteritis and infectious complications in ventilated sepsis patients indicate improved gut resilience under major stress.
- Probiotic or synbiotic alters the gut microbiota and metabolism in a randomised controlled trial of weight management in overweight adults
PubMed ID: 30525950
Polydextrose with probiotic altered gut bacteria composition (Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae) in overweight adults (microbiota associations).
- Oligofructose decreases serum lipopolysaccharide and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in adults with overweight/obesity
PubMed ID: 28229548
Oligofructose lowered plasma LPS (endotoxin), reducing systemic endotoxin burden—supports gut barrier/host resilience.
- Maternal Prebiotic Ingestion Increased the Number of Fecal Bifidobacteria in Pregnant Women but Not in Their Neonates Aged One Month
PubMed ID: 28245628
Maternal FOS raised maternal bifidobacteria in late pregnancy (clear maternal microbiota effect).
- Perioperative synbiotics administration decreases postoperative infections in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29267553
Perioperative synbiotic markedly reduced postoperative infections (including wound/abdominal), suggesting improved perioperative gut/host resilience.
- Impact of short-chain galactooligosaccharides on the gut microbiome of lactose-intolerant individuals
PubMed ID: 28049818
Short‑chain GOS produced marked bifidogenic effects and increased lactose‑fermenting taxa (clear microbiota shift).
- A synbiotic-containing amino-acid-based formula improves gut microbiota in non-IgE-mediated allergic infants
PubMed ID: 29155807
Amino‑acid formula with synbiotics strongly increased bifidobacteria and reduced adult‑like taxa, approximating a breastfed microbiota (direct microbiota effect).
- A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India
PubMed ID: 28813414
Neonatal synbiotic sharply reduced sepsis and morbidity in first 60 days—strong evidence of early‑life resilience enhancement.
- Medically Graded Honey Supplementation Formula to Preterm Infants as a Prebiotic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28379925
Addition of medical honey to preterm feeds shifted stool bacteria toward more bifidobacteria and less Enterobacter (microbiota change).
- The effect of prebiotic vaginal gel with adjuvant oral metronidazole tablets on treatment and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a triple-blind randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 28983665
Vaginal prebiotic gel improved cure rates for BV via microbiota modulation.
- The effect of early administration of combined multi-strain and multi-species probiotics on gastrointestinal morbidities and mortality in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care unit
PubMed ID: 29168358
Marked reductions in NEC and sepsis-related mortality indicate greatly improved gut resilience in preterms.
- β2-1 Fructan supplementation alters host immune responses in a manner consistent with increased exposure to microbial components: results from a double-blinded, randomised, cross-over study in healthy adults
PubMed ID: 26987626
β2‑1 fructans increased bifidobacteria and SCFA but had mixed immune signals.
- Age-associated effect of kestose on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and symptoms in the atopic dermatitis infants
PubMed ID: 27537603
Kestose produced large increases in F. prausnitzii and bifidobacteria in infants.
- Oral supplementation of healthy adults with 2'-O-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose is well tolerated and shifts the intestinal microbiota
PubMed ID: 27719686
2'-FL/LNnT strongly and dose-dependently increased bifidobacteria in healthy adults.
- Prebiotic and Synbiotic Treatment before Colorectal Surgery--Randomised Double Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 27301235
Preoperative synbiotic increased mucosal lactic-acid bacteria (local microbiota change).
- Early Gut Colonization With Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus in Infants: The Hygiene Hypothesis Extended
PubMed ID: 26230902
PDX/GOS increased lactobacilli and altered S. aureus colonization (microbiota change).
- Starter formula enriched in prebiotics and probiotics ensures normal growth of infants and promotes gut health: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28002391
BMOS + B. lactis shifted microbiota toward breastfed pattern (clear microbiota modulation).
- Similar to Those Who Are Breastfed, Infants Fed a Formula Containing 2'-Fucosyllactose Have Lower Inflammatory Cytokines in a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 27798337
Infant formula with 2'-FL moved inflammatory markers toward breastfed levels and is known to influence infant microbiota (biomarker evidence reported).
- Randomized study of the effect of synbiotics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on adverse events in esophageal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 26644166
Synbiotics during neoadjuvant chemo increased beneficial bacteria and SCFAs — clear microbiota shift.
- Synbiotics in Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis: Are They Truly Effective? A Single-blind Prospective Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 25575262
Synbiotics around pancreatic surgery cut infections and shortened stays — clinical resilience of gut-related outcomes.
- Perioperative synbiotics decrease postoperative complications in periampullary neoplasms: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25803626
Perioperative synbiotics greatly reduced infections and complications after periampullary surgery — indicates improved clinical resilience.
- Influence of galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) on gut microbiota, immune parameters and metabonomics in elderly persons
PubMed ID: 26218845
GOS increased bifidobacteria and shifted immune markers in older adults — clear microbiota modulation.
- Efficacy of perioperative synbiotics treatment for the prevention of surgical site infection after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25933911
Perioperative synbiotics reversed postoperative decreases in beneficial fecal bacteria and organic acids — strong microbiota improvement.
- Synbiotics for decreasing incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm neonates - a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25754214
NEC reduction in preterms implies greater gut resilience to severe inflammatory injury.
- Randomized clinical trial of the effect of perioperative synbiotics versus no synbiotics on bacterial translocation after oesophagectomy
PubMed ID: 24402842
Perioperative synbiotics reduced bacterial translocation and early bacteraemia after oesophagectomy — supports gut barrier/resilience.
- Effect of an α-lactalbumin-enriched infant formula supplemented with oligofructose on fecal microbiota, stool characteristics, and hydration status: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25297064
Oligofructose in term-infant formula increased bifidobacteria and softened stools (large RCT—direct evidence of microbiota modulation).
- Xylooligosaccharide increases bifidobacteria but not lactobacilli in human gut microbiota
PubMed ID: 24513849
Low-dose XOS produced dose-dependent increases in bifidobacteria in healthy adults (well-controlled human trial).
- Prebiotic effect of an infant formula supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides: randomized multicenter trial
PubMed ID: 25302927
GOS in infant formula produced significant increases in bifidobacteria and reductions in Clostridium—large, direct microbiota effect.
- Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius UBL S22 and Prebiotic Fructo-oligosaccharide on Serum Lipids, Inflammatory Markers, Insulin Sensitivity, and Gut Bacteria in Healthy Young Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 25331262
Synbiotic (L. salivarius + FOS) increased fecal lactobacilli and reduced coliforms/E.coli (human RCT showing synbiotic greater than probiotic alone).
- Stabilized rice bran improves weaning pig performance via a prebiotic mechanism
PubMed ID: 23307853
Stabilized rice bran tended to increase colonic bifidobacteria in nursery pigs—supports a prebiotic bifidogenic effect (animal model).
- Perioperative synbiotic therapy in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery: a prospective, randomized control trial
PubMed ID: 23867209
Perioperative synbiotics maintained/increased bifidobacteria and lactobacilli while decreasing Enterobacteriaceae and pathogens and increased SCFAs—strong direct evidence of microbiota balancing.
- A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults
PubMed ID: 23303873
GOS increased fecal bifidobacteria and sIgA while lowering fecal calprotectin — strong microbiota and local inflammation changes in overweight adults.
- Effects of early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on development of gut microbiota and fussing and crying in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23915796
Preterm infants: prebiotics/probiotics altered gut bacterial composition with clinical effects (reduced crying).
- Impact of fibre supplementation on microbiome and resilience in healthy participants: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38499450
Acacia gum/carrot fibre mix altered gut community β‑diversity (p<0.001), demonstrating prebiotic modulation of microbiota composition despite no SCFA change.
- The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34956218
Oats increased Akkermansia and Roseburia and raised plasma acetate/propionate—clear microbiome enrichment and metabolite changes.
- Changes in the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults induced by brown yogurt and relationships of bacterial taxa with specific components
PubMed ID: 35521810
Brown (SSN) yogurt increased putatively beneficial taxa including Akkermansia and Ruminococcus compared with regular probiotic yogurt.
- Daily Consumption of Synbiotic Yogurt Decreases Liver Steatosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29931231
Daily synbiotic yogurt changed liver fat and enzymes and was associated with clinical improvements plus microbiome shifts reported in trial.
- The effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32859329
B. coagulans + inulin produced favorable clinical and microbiome‑linked changes in NAFLD patients.
- Impact of Synbiotic Intake on Liver Metabolism in Metabolically Healthy Participants and Its Potential Preventive Effect on Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 38732547
Synbiotic increased Lactobacillus and other probiotic genera in healthy men over 7 weeks.
- The effects of synbiotics on the liver steatosis, inflammation, and gut microbiome of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease patients-randomized trial
PubMed ID: 38421902
High‑dose synbiotic enriched Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium and reduced steatosis/inflammation—microbiome and clinical concordance.
- Prospective, randomized, parallel-group trial to evaluate the effects of lactulose and polyethylene glycol-4000 on colonic flora in chronic idiopathic constipation
PubMed ID: 15080850
Lactulose increased bifidobacteria and fermentation markers in constipated patients; direct demonstration of prebiotic microbiota effects.
- Effects of low doses of lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology
PubMed ID: 17623227
Lactitol produced clear bifidogenic response, SCFA increases and lower fecal pH—strong microbial balancing effect.
- Gut microbiota of healthy elderly NSAID users is selectively modified with the administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and lactitol
PubMed ID: 21853265
Synbiotic increased bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and shifted microbiota profiles in healthy elderly over 2 weeks.
- Prebiotic UG1601 mitigates constipation-related events in association with gut microbiota: A randomized placebo-controlled intervention study
PubMed ID: 31686768
UG1601 increased Roseburia hominis (butyrate producer) and reduced endotoxemia markers, indicating beneficial microbiome modulation.
- Liver alterations are not improved by inulin supplementation in alcohol use disorder patients during alcohol withdrawal: A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 35490461
Inulin raised Bifidobacterium abundance though accompanied by adverse liver/inflammatory signals in a short trial during alcohol withdrawal.
- Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 32314514
Inulin (control) changed IBS symptoms and responder microbiota/metabolite patterns were observed.
- An Exploratory Investigation of Endotoxin Levels in Novice Long Distance Triathletes, and the Effects of a Multi-Strain Probiotic/Prebiotic, Antioxidant Intervention
PubMed ID: 27869661
Synbiotic limited exercise‑induced increases in intestinal permeability and endotoxin—shows protective resilience under stress.
- Diabetes Therapeutics of Prebiotic Soluble Dietary Fibre and Antioxidant Anthocyanin Supplement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40218856
Inulin/rice bran blend altered metabolic markers and lowered glucose/LDL; prebiotic portion plausibly shifted microbiota contributing to effects.
- Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10TM), inulin, and micronutrient fortified milk on faecal DR10TM, immune markers, and maternal micronutrients among Indonesian pregnant women
PubMed ID: 28027638
Fortified milk (prebiotic + probiotic) resulted in faecal B. animalis colonization and other marker increases.
- The effect of a lozenge combining prebiotic arginine and probiotics on caries increment in children during 10-12 months, a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37356561
Arginine (prebiotic) lozenge with probiotics reduced caries and implies oral microbial modulation; study reports no plaque/gum change but caries reduction suggests ecological shifts.
- ACE inhibitory casein peptide lowers blood pressure and reshapes gut microbiota in a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40263513
Casein‑peptide tablet produced gut shifts toward SCFA-producing taxa concurrent with BP reduction.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to establish the bifidogenic effect of a very-long-chain inulin extracted from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) in healthy human subjects
PubMed ID: 20591206
VLC inulin produced clear bifidogenic and lactobacilli increases and decreased Bacteroides‑Prevotella in a double‑blind crossover—strong direct microbiome effect.
- Enhancing gut microbiota and microbial function with inulin supplementation in children with obesity
PubMed ID: 39033197
Six months of inulin in children with obesity increased Bifidobacterium and alpha‑diversity plus increases in SCFA‑associated genera—durable beneficial shifts.
- Abundance of gut Prevotella at baseline and metabolic response to barley prebiotics
PubMed ID: 30046942
Barley kernel increased breath H2 (fermentation) and had subgroup microbiome‑dependent glycemic effects—supports prebiotic fermentation and microbe‑mediated benefits.
- Effects of beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26209256
Synbiotic intervention in T2DM improved insulin and antioxidant markers; intervention included prebiotic component.
- [Combination of early nasojejunal feeding with modern synbiotic therapy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (prospective, randomized, double-blind study)]
PubMed ID: 16167471
Synbiotic early feeding reduced late organ failure and SIRS/MOF in severe pancreatitis, indicating improved host/gut resilience under stress.
- Cow's milk-based beverage consumption in 1- to 4-year-olds and allergic manifestations: an RCT
PubMed ID: 26920136
Children drinking PDX/GOS-fortified milk had fewer allergic episodes, with the product designed to shape gut microbiota.
- Nutraceutical blends predict enhanced health via microbiota reshaping improving cytokines and life quality: a Brazilian double-blind randomized trial
PubMed ID: 38750102
Nutraceutical with prebiotics shifted bacteria toward Bacteroidetes and increased SCFA-producers—community-level change.
- Evaluation of the effect of blackcurrant products on gut microbiota and on markers of risk for colon cancer in humans
PubMed ID: 23674271
Blackcurrant product raised bifidobacteria/lactobacilli and lowered β‑glucuronidase in healthy volunteers.
- A Walnut-Enriched Diet Affects Gut Microbiome in Healthy Caucasian Subjects: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29470389
Walnut diet changed microbiome increasing some butyrate-producers and bifidobacteria—dietary prebiotic-like effect.
- A novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans
PubMed ID: 18689571
Resistant maltodextrin modestly increased butyrate proportion and altered fecal composition—prebiotic microbiota modulation.
- A randomised crossover study investigating the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on the faecal microbiota in men and women over 50 years of age
PubMed ID: 21910949
GOS in older adults robustly increased bifidobacteria and fermentation (butyrate) in a randomized trial.
- Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) in combination with inulin modulates both the intestinal environment and immune status in healthy subjects, while XOS alone only shows prebiotic properties
PubMed ID: 22264499
XOS (and INU+XOS) increased bifidobacteria and fecal butyrate and lowered plasma LPS—strong evidence of microbiota and barrier benefits.
- Synbiotic consumption changes the metabolism and composition of the gut microbiota in older people and modifies inflammatory processes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
PubMed ID: 23957631
Synbiotic in older people increased bifidobacteria and butyrate substantially in a crossover RCT.
- Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24671237
Large infant RCT: GOS increased bifidobacteria, lowered pH and shifted SCFA profile—clear prebiotic balancing effect.
- The effects of prebiotics on microbial dysbiosis, butyrate production and immunity in HIV-infected subjects
PubMed ID: 28000678
Prebiotic supplementation partially reversed dysbiosis in HIV subjects and increased butyrate synthesis—restorative/resilience effect.
- Reinforcement of intestinal epithelial barrier by arabinoxylans in overweight and obese subjects: A randomized controlled trial: Arabinoxylans in gut barrier
PubMed ID: 28214040
Arabinoxylan increased fecal SCFAs and altered microbiota composition in overweight adults (human RCT).
- A randomized trial to determine the impact of a digestion resistant starch composition on the gut microbiome in older and mid-age adults
PubMed ID: 28410921
Resistant‑starch prebiotic increased bifidobacteria and reduced Proteobacteria dysbiosis in a randomized trial.
- The Effect of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin on Faecal Bacterial Counts and Microbiota-Associated Characteristics in Celiac Disease Children Following a Gluten-Free Diet: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29439526
Oligofructose‑enriched inulin increased Bifidobacterium and stool SCFAs in celiac children on a GFD (RCT).
- Synbiotic meal decreases uremic toxins in hemodialysis individuals: A placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30716942
Synbiotic meal raised fecal butyrate and reduced uremic toxins in hemodialysis patients.
- A prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response relationship study to investigate efficacy of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on human gut microflora
PubMed ID: 30940833
Dose-response FOS study robustly increased bifidobacteria and modestly raised diversity—classic prebiotic balancing.
- Microbiota changes induced by microencapsulated sodium butyrate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
PubMed ID: 32476236
Oral butyrate nudged IBD patients' microbiota toward butyrogenic taxa and improved UC QoL—evidence of enhanced resilience in disease.
- Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Chronic Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 33567701
24-week synbiotic increased Bifidobacterium and fecal SCFAs in obese T2DM patients—clear compositional and functional shift.
- A double-blind, 377-subject randomized study identifies Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Christensenella, and Collinsella as long-term potential key players in the modulation of the gut microbiome of lactose intolerant individuals by galacto-oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 34365905
Large GOS RCT in lactose‑intolerant adults produced durable bifidogenic shifts and symptom improvement.
- Changes in Gut Microbiota and Systemic Inflammation after Synbiotic Supplementation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36359816
Synbiotic in SLE patients shifted microbiome toward butyrate‑related functions and reduced inflammation (RCT).
- The prebiotic effects of soluble dietary fiber mixture on renal anemia and the gut microbiota in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 36517799
Soluble fiber increased butyric acid and beneficial taxa while improving anemia indicators in dialysis patients.
- Early life gut microbiota profiles linked to synbiotic formula effects: a randomized clinical trial in European infants
PubMed ID: 36811568
Infant synbiotic formula increased bifidobacteria and shifted fecal milieu closer to breastfed infants—strong microbiome balancing evidence in infants.
- Gut microbiota associated with the mitigation effect of synbiotics on adverse events of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer: A retrospective exploratory study
PubMed ID: 37367942
Observational link between Anaerostipes hadrus/B. pseudocatenulatum and reduced chemo adverse events and higher butyrate.
- A microbiome-targeting fibre-enriched nutritional formula is well tolerated and improves quality of life and haemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36594522
Prebiotic fiber‑enriched formula increased butyrate‑producers and improved metabolic/psychosocial outcomes (RCT).
- Daily consumption of galactooligosaccharide gummies ameliorates constipation symptoms, gut dysbiosis, degree of depression and quality of life among sedentary university teaching staff: A double-blind randomized placebo control clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37751049
GOS gummies produced very large bifidogenic and SCFA increases in a randomized double‑blind trial.
- Effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 38865630
Rifaximin+probiotic+prebiotic reduced permeability and inflammation and increased fecal SCFAs (clinical RCT).
- Impact of Combined Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve-Derived Postbiotic on Gut Microbiota and HbA1c in Prediabetic Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 39064648
GOS/KGM/β‑glucan blend improved glycaemia and reduced endotoxemia biomarker with microbiome changes (RCT).
- Multi-species synbiotic supplementation increased fecal short chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in adult men with dyslipidemia; A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38631185
Multi‑species synbiotic increased fecal SCFAs in dyslipidemic men (double‑blind RCT).
- Effects of multi-species synbiotic supplementation on circulating miR-27a, miR-33a levels and lipid parameters in adult men with dyslipidaemia; a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38684660
Synbiotic increased fecal SCFAs and produced favorable molecular/lipid changes in dyslipidaemic men—supports beneficial microbial shifts.
- The anti-inflammatory effects of three different dietary supplement interventions
PubMed ID: 41094562
Kefir plus prebiotic mix increased butyrate and altered inflammatory marker profile (6‑week trial with multiple components).
Digestive support (161)
- Improving lactose digestion and symptoms of lactose intolerance with a novel galacto-oligosaccharide (RP-G28): a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24330605
RP-G28 markedly reduced abdominal pain and improved lactose tolerance—strong evidence for fewer tummy upsets in lactose-intolerant adults.
- Growth and tolerance of infants fed formula supplemented with polydextrose (PDX) and/or galactooligosaccharides (GOS): double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22676715
Large RCT in infants showed softer, more frequent stools and good tolerance—direct evidence of improved digestion/tolerance.
- [Randomised placebo controlled double blind study on the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on intestinal flora in healthy infants]
PubMed ID: 16408384
Infant prebiotics strongly shifted flora toward bifidobacteria, supporting digestive development.
- [Influence of physical therapy on intestinal microbiota, blood pressure control and systemic inflammation level: a randomized controlled study of 84 patients with arterial hypertension]
PubMed ID: 40421856
Prebiotic increased SCFAs in hypertensive patients, suggesting improved gut function though interventions were combined.
- Inulin-induced improvements on bowel habit and gut microbiota in adults with functional constipation: findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 41233756
Inulin RCT improved stool frequency and constipation QOL—direct evidence of improved digestion.
- Enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism by probiotic and prebiotic intake promotes short-chain fatty acid production in the gut microbiome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 40366770
Large crossover showed increased fecal SCFAs and bifidobacteria—functional microbiome changes that support digestion.
- Effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 38865630
Combination therapy including prebiotic reduced permeability and inflammation—may improve GI function.
- Daily consumption of galactooligosaccharide gummies ameliorates constipation symptoms, gut dysbiosis, degree of depression and quality of life among sedentary university teaching staff: A double-blind randomized placebo control clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37751049
GOS gummies improved constipation and bowel‑related quality of life in a randomized trial.
- Gut microbiota associated with the mitigation effect of synbiotics on adverse events of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer: A retrospective exploratory study
PubMed ID: 37367942
Higher A. hadrus and B. pseudocatenulatum associated with fewer fevers and less diarrhea during chemo (observational).
- A double-blind, 377-subject randomized study identifies Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Christensenella, and Collinsella as long-term potential key players in the modulation of the gut microbiome of lactose intolerant individuals by galacto-oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 34365905
Large RCT in lactose‑intolerant adults improved symptoms alongside microbiome changes.
- β-Galactooligosaccharide in Conjunction With Low FODMAP Diet Improves Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms but Reduces Fecal Bifidobacteria
PubMed ID: 32433273
Adding B‑GOS to a low‑FODMAP diet delivered clinically meaningful symptom relief in IBS.
- Microbiota changes induced by microencapsulated sodium butyrate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
PubMed ID: 32476236
Oral butyrate shifted microbiota toward butyrogenic taxa and improved UC quality-of-life (reduced GI symptoms in IBD).
- Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24671237
GOS-supplemented infant formula softened stools and was well tolerated (no increase in infections/allergy)—tolerability evidence.
- A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over study to determine the gastrointestinal effects of consumption of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides enriched bread in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 22657950
AXOS intake changed fermentation favorably with good tolerability—supports reduced discomfort risk.
- A novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans
PubMed ID: 18689571
Resistant maltodextrin altered fecal composition and fermentation toward more butyrate proportion with good tolerance.
- Hypoallergenicity assessment of an extensively hydrolyzed whey-protein formula in cow's milk allergic infants
PubMed ID: 35754130
Prebiotic-containing hypoallergenic formula was tolerated by infants and associated with normal growth and absence of adverse GI reactions.
- Growth and tolerance of formula with lactoferrin in infants through one year of age: double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26547414
Infant formula with PDX/GOS produced softer stools like breastfed infants — indicates improved stooling/digestion in infants.
- Randomised clinical trial: efficacy of a new synbiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 plus arabinogalactan and xilooligosaccharides in children with acute diarrhoea
PubMed ID: 22324448
Synbiotic in children with acute diarrhoea markedly shortened diarrhoea duration, increased 72‑hr recovery and eliminated hospitalizations in intervention arm—strong effect on tummy upsets.
- An Exploratory Investigation of Endotoxin Levels in Novice Long Distance Triathletes, and the Effects of a Multi-Strain Probiotic/Prebiotic, Antioxidant Intervention
PubMed ID: 27869661
Synbiotic ± antioxidant reduced endotoxin, limited permeability increases, and reduced GI symptoms around a triathlon (RCT pilot).
- Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 32314514
Significant reductions in IBS-SSS with inulin (control) indicate reduced abdominal pain and discomfort.
- Effects of low doses of lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology
PubMed ID: 17623227
Lactitol increased bifidobacteria and SCFAs and lowered fecal pH with good tolerability—supports digestive health.
- A yeast fermentate improves gastrointestinal discomfort and constipation by modulation of the gut microbiome: results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial
PubMed ID: 28870194
Yeast fermentate reduced GI symptom burden including bloating/feeling full and improved stool consistency in a subgroup with constipation‑related discomfort.
- Acacia fiber or probiotic supplements to relieve gastrointestinal complaints in patients with constipation-predominant IBS: a 4-week randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled intervention trial
PubMed ID: 38653808
Acacia fiber and/or probiotic reduced IBS symptom severity and increased stool frequency in IBS‑C, consistent with fewer tummy upsets.
- Beneficial effects of probiotic bifidobacterium and galacto-oligosaccharide in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 21525768
Year‑long synbiotic treatment improved endoscopic disease indices and inflammation in ulcerative colitis — fewer clinical flares/upsets expected.
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation
PubMed ID: 30388751
FOS improved stool softness, reduced straining and sped transit in constiped infants (better digestion/transit).
- Synbiotics modulate gut microbiota and reduce enteritis and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30261905
Synbiotics in ventilated sepsis patients substantially lowered enteritis rates (fewer GI complications in critically ill patients).
- Impact of short-chain galactooligosaccharides on the gut microbiome of lactose-intolerant individuals
PubMed ID: 28049818
GOS increased lactose‑metabolizing bacteria and correlated with better lactose tolerance (direct improvement in digestion).
- A synbiotic-containing amino-acid-based formula improves gut microbiota in non-IgE-mediated allergic infants
PubMed ID: 29155807
Synbiotic formula shifted infant microbiota toward breastfed profile with modest stool frequency effects, supporting digestive normalization.
- Efficacy of a Probiotic-Prebiotic Supplement on Incidence of Diarrhea in a Dog Shelter: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28186660
Shelter dog randomized trial: synbiotic significantly reduced percent days with diarrhea and incidence of diarrhea episodes (fewer GI upsets).
- Randomised controlled trial demonstrates that fermented infant formula with short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of infantile colic
PubMed ID: 28328065
Large infant RCT: reduced infantile colic incidence by ~60% and decreased crying—clear reduction in tummy upsets.
- The effect of early administration of combined multi-strain and multi-species probiotics on gastrointestinal morbidities and mortality in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care unit
PubMed ID: 29168358
Probiotic+prebiotic in very preterm infants substantially reduced NEC and mortality (major GI protection).
- Randomized study of the effect of synbiotics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on adverse events in esophageal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 26644166
Synbiotics during chemotherapy reduced diarrhea and febrile complications — fewer GI adverse events.
- Prebiotics for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates
PubMed ID: 26513278
Preterm infants had more stooling and reached full feeds more often — improved feeding tolerance/digestion.
- Synbiotics for decreasing incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm neonates - a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25754214
Synbiotic halved NEC incidence in preterm infants — major reduction in serious GI upset.
- Prebiotics Do Not Influence the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants: A Randomised Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26571488
GOS in infant formula produced slightly softer stools and was well tolerated — modest digestive effect.
- Tolerance of formulas containing prebiotics in healthy, term infants
PubMed ID: 25061716
Infant GOS altered stool consistency (softer stools) indicating altered digestive output/tolerance.
- Resolution of acute gastroenteritis symptoms in children and adults treated with a novel polyphenol-based prebiotic
PubMed ID: 25232265
Aliva significantly shortened diarrhea duration and reduced abdominal symptoms — direct reduction in tummy upsets.
- Synbiotic in the management of infantile colic: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24962875
Synbiotic in breastfed infants markedly increased proportions with large reductions in crying (colic) versus placebo—strong clinical effect on infant upset.
- Effect of an α-lactalbumin-enriched infant formula supplemented with oligofructose on fecal microbiota, stool characteristics, and hydration status: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25297064
Oligofructose in infant formula increased bifidobacteria and softened stools without dehydration—direct infant digestive benefit.
- Effect of yogurt containing polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study in chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 25056655
Polydextrose-containing yogurt shortened colonic transit and improved constipation scores—direct digestive benefit.
- Prebiotic effect of an infant formula supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides: randomized multicenter trial
PubMed ID: 25302927
GOS-supplemented infant formula reduced colic incidence and produced softer stools—strong evidence for fewer infant tummy upsets.
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on breast milk levels of IgA, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2
PubMed ID: 23788632
Maternal synbiotic lowered infant diarrhea incidence over 30 days—direct reduction in infant tummy upsets.
- Effect of probiotic or prebiotic supplementation on antibiotic therapy in the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a comparative evaluation
PubMed ID: 23244247
Post-antibiotic prebiotic/probiotic after SIBO led to symptom improvement in most patients (clinical improvement in GI complaints).
- Safety of a dual potential prebiotic system from Mexican agave "Metlin® and Metlos®", incorporated to an infant formula for term newborn babies: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24687355
Infant RCT: agave-derived prebiotics were safe and reported modest reductions in gastrointestinal symptom frequency.
- Effects of early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on development of gut microbiota and fussing and crying in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23915796
Prebiotics reduced excessive crying/fussing in preterm infants (interpreted as reduced infant colic/discomfort) with concurrent microbiota changes.
- Motilin and gastrin secretion and lipid profile in preterm neonates following prebiotics supplementation: a double-blind randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 24233255
Prebiotic-supplemented neonate formula raised motilin (gut motility hormone), suggesting improved digestive motility.
- Effect of synbiotic in constipated adult women - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clinical response
PubMed ID: 22959620
Synbiotic in chronically constipated women improved stool frequency/consistency → better digestion.
- Stool pattern changes in toddlers consuming a follow-on formula supplemented with polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 22002482
Toddler RCT: prebiotic formula produced softer, more frequent stools indicating improved digestive function/tolerance.
- Cost/benefit of synbiotics in acute infectious gastroenteritis: spend to save
PubMed ID: 22835702
Synbiotic in children with infectious diarrhoea shortened illness duration (~1 day) and reduced additional medications/costs — strong clinical evidence for fewer/shorter GI upsets.
- Randomised clinical trial: the synbiotic food supplement Probiotical vs. placebo for acute gastroenteritis in children
PubMed ID: 21899583
Synbiotic significantly shortened duration of acute diarrhoea and led to earlier normalization of stools in children—strong clinical reduction in GI upset.
- Beneficial effects of a synbiotic supplement on self-perceived gastrointestinal well-being and immunoinflammatory status of healthy adults
PubMed ID: 21244240
Healthy adults on a synbiotic reported improved GI symptoms/bowel habits vs placebo.
- Synbiotic preparation in men suffering from functional constipation: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21805410
Synbiotic improved stool frequency and form in constipated men, indicating better digestive function (but product was synbiotic).
- Galactooligosaccharide supplementation reduces stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction and days of cold or flu: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in healthy university students
PubMed ID: 21525194
GOS around exams reduced some gut symptoms including abdominal pain in a large RCT—less digestive discomfort in that context.
- A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on enteral tolerance in preterm infants (ISRCTN77444690)
PubMed ID: 20639792
Possible small improvement in enteral feeding tolerance in most immature preterms—fewer feeding-related upsets in subgroup.
- Efficacy of a new hypotonic oral rehydration solution containing zinc and prebiotics in the treatment of childhood acute diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20828714
Prebiotic-containing ORS (with zinc) accelerated resolution of acute childhood diarrhea—fewer ongoing tummy upsets.
- Clinical trial: the microbiological and immunological effects of synbiotic consumption - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in active Crohn's disease
PubMed ID: 20735782
Synbiotic improved Crohn's disease activity and histology, reflecting less digestive symptom burden in active disease.
- Prebiotic and probiotic fortified milk in prevention of morbidities among children: community-based, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20730056
Fortified milk reduced dysentery episodes in children—lowering serious GI upset frequency.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human study assessing the capacity of a novel galacto-oligosaccharide mixture in reducing travellers' diarrhoea
PubMed ID: 19756029
GOS reduced incidence and duration of travellers' diarrhoea and improved abdominal symptoms—fewer acute tummy upsets.
- Effects of probiotic and prebiotic on gastrointestinal motility in newborns
PubMed ID: 20224148
Prebiotic/formula improved gastric electrical maturation and sped gastric emptying vs placebo—direct digestion benefit.
- A formula containing galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides prevents intestinal and extra-intestinal infections: an observational study
PubMed ID: 19231042
Marked reduction in gastroenteritis episodes and antibiotic courses in infants.
- Tolerance and safety of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis in a prebiotic-containing infant formula: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19331702
Prebiotic+probiotic formula produced softer/more frequent stools early on.
- Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 19053980
GOS reduced flatulence and bloating and improved composite IBS symptom score.
- Effects of polydextrose supplementation on different faecal parameters in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 19107626
Polydextrose shortened transit and improved stool consistency in healthy adults.
- Long-term safety and impact on infection rates of postnatal probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotic) treatment: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 18595980
Postnatal synbiotic modestly lowered antibiotic use and respiratory infections (fewer clinical episodes).
- The clinical effect of a new infant formula in term infants with constipation: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial
PubMed ID: 17428343
Multi-component formula with prebiotics softened stools in constipated infants.
- Clinical evaluation of a new starter formula for infants containing live Bifidobacterium longum BL999 and prebiotics
PubMed ID: 17189085
Formula with probiotic+prebiotic reduced constipation signs (better digestive function).
- The CUPDAY Study: prebiotic-probiotic milk product in 1-3-year-old children attending childcare centres
PubMed ID: 17937689
Large RCT: ~20% reduction in days with diarrhoea in daycare children.
- Reduction of crying episodes owing to infantile colic: A randomized controlled study on the efficacy of a new infant formula
PubMed ID: 16736065
Formula containing prebiotics reduced crying/colic episodes in infants—fewer GI-related upsets.
- Acidic oligosaccharides from pectin hydrolysate as new component for infant formulae: effect on intestinal flora, stool characteristics, and pH
PubMed ID: 16056097
Combination oligosaccharides increased bifidobacteria and softened stools, indicating improved digestive processing/comfort.
- Effect of the prebiotic oligofructose on relapse of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a randomized, controlled study
PubMed ID: 15880313
Oligofructose cut C. difficile relapse rate dramatically (34.3% -> 8.3%), a clear reduction in serious GI upset.
- Randomized double-blind study of the nutritional efficacy and bifidogenicity of a new infant formula containing partially hydrolyzed protein, a high beta-palmitic acid level, and nondigestible oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 12604972
New prebiotic formula increased bifidobacteria and softened stools—markers of improved infant digestion.
- Supplementation of a bovine milk formula with an oligosaccharide mixture increases counts of faecal bifidobacteria in preterm infants
PubMed ID: 11978748
Prebiotic‑supplemented preterm formula produced stool patterns closer to breastfed infants, reflecting improved digestive outcomes in infants.
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Multi-Species Synbiotic Supplementation for Bloating, Gas, and Abdominal Discomfort
PubMed ID: 41599868
Large RCT documented significant reductions in bloating, gas and abdominal discomfort—direct evidence of fewer tummy upsets.
- Early Effect of Supplemented Infant Formulae on Intestinal Biomarkers and Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 32443684
Prebiotic‑supplemented formula promoted bifidobacteria dominance and favorable fecal maturation markers—indicative of improved digestive development.
- A new chance of preventing winter diseases by the administration of synbiotic formulations
PubMed ID: 18685511
Program reported improved bowel symptoms and reduced GI episode severity across seasons with synbiotics.
- Prebiotics increase iron absorption and reduce the adverse effects of iron on the gut microbiome and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial using iron stable isotopes in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 38042412
In infants, prebiotics improved iron absorption and shifted microbiota with reduced fecal inflammation—consistent with better gut function.
- A randomized trial of inulin for bowel symptoms, depression and quality of life in constipation predominant IBS
PubMed ID: 41034384
Inulin RCT in IBS‑C led to marked reductions in IBS symptom severity and QoL improvements—clear reduction in tummy upsets.
- Three-arm clinical trial of improved flour targeting intestinal microbiota (MALINEA)
PubMed ID: 38599819
Prebiotic‑fortified flour produced modestly better anthropometric recovery in malnourished children (improved nutritional recovery/digestion).
- Synergistic immunomodulatory effect of synbiotics pre- and postoperative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 38662232
Perioperative synbiotics decreased postoperative infectious/complication rates and improved bowel recovery—fewer GI complications.
- Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on reduced pain in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37224267
Prebiotic improved sleep and pain in fibromyalgia and reported reductions in pain scores; some GI discomfort improvements were observed.
- Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Agave Inulin in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Chronic Constipation: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 32998471
Agave inulin softened stools and improved stool characteristics in chronically constipated children, reflecting better digestion.
- Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce specific changes in the human gut microbiota
PubMed ID: 28213610
Inulin in mild-constipation adults increased bifidobacteria and other taxa—microbiota shift consistent with improved digestive function.
- Effect of a symbiotic gel (Lactobacillus acidophilus + Bifidobacterium lactis + inulin) on presence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 25455039
Symbiotic gel reduced vomiting, heartburn and stomachache episodes in dialysis patients (clear reduction in tummy upsets; probiotic confound).
- Treatment outcomes of infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease treated with synbiotics
PubMed ID: 24043284
Enteral synbiotic in infants with CHD reduced NEC and sepsis (fewer severe GI upsets/infectious events; synbiotic).
- Safety and efficacy of inulin and oligofructose supplementation in infant formula: results from a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23498848
Large infant RCT: oligofructose-inulin shifted microbiota toward breastfeeding pattern and softened stools (improves digestion/comfort).
- Physiological and bifidogenic effects of prebiotic supplements in infant formulae
PubMed ID: 21593649
Infant RCT: prebiotic formula increased bifidobacteria and produced softer stools similar to breastfed infants (direct digestive benefit).
- Efficacy and safety of Gelsectan for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomised, crossover clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31662866
Duplicate entry avoided; (primary strong evidence already listed).
- Clinical trial on the efficacy of a new symbiotic formulation, Flortec, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a multicenter, randomized study
PubMed ID: 18685503
Flortec synbiotic produced time‑trend improvement in pain and IBS‑D subgroup benefit for bowel symptoms.
- Effects of Prebiotic Yeast Mannan on Gut Health and Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 38201970
Yeast‑mannan increased defecation frequency and improved bowel-related outcomes (objective GI benefit).
- Tolerability and efficacy of an enteral formula containing partially hydrolyzed guar gum in patients following gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 41483486
PHGG EN reduced diarrhea incidence and abdominal distension in post‑GI surgery patients (fewer acute tummy upsets when adequate calories delivered).
- Synbiotics protected radiation-induced tissue damage in rectal cancer patients: A controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40250086
Peri‑radiation synbiotic reduced mucosal inflammation/fibrosis and preserved mucosal microbiota—translates to less mucosal discomfort.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Efficacy of Opuntia ficus-indica Prebiotic Supplementation in Subjects with Gut Dysbiosis
PubMed ID: 38474715
Opuntia extract RCT improved GIQLI and GI symptom scores vs placebo.
- Impact of resistant starch type 3 on fecal microbiota and stool frequency in Thai adults with chronic constipation randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39543201
Resistant starch type 3 increased stool frequency and normalized stool form, indicating improved digestive transit.
- Agave tequilana Fructans Versus Psyllium plantago for Functional Constipation : Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37389917
Agave fructans produced clinically meaningful improvements in stool consistency and constipation symptoms.
- The Effects of Agave Fructans in a Functional Food Consumed by Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 37630717
Agave-fructan quickly decreased constipation symptoms and improved IBS quality of life.
- Effects of dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms and roles of gut microbiota: a double-blinded randomized placebo trial
PubMed ID: 37078654
Large trial with prebiotic/probiotic formulas improved stool frequency and form, reflecting better digestion.
- Effects of ID-HWS1000 on the Perception of Bowel Activity and Microbiome in Subjects with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 34406877
Synbiotic improved self‑reported bowel function and related digestive items in functional constipation.
- Anti-Heartburn Effects of Sugar Cane Flour: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32570710
Heartburn and total GERD symptoms were modestly reduced in RCT.
- Effect of wheat bran derived prebiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal transit, gut microbiota, and metabolic health: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults with a slow gut transit
PubMed ID: 31983281
AXOS softened stool consistency in slow‑transit adults, indicating improved downstream digestion/evacuation.
- Effect of Repeated Consumption of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Fecal Characteristics and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 31509971
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum normalized loose stools and increased bifidobacteria, consistent with improved digestive function.
- Investigation of the efficacy of synbiotics in the treatment of functional constipation in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 28705786
Synbiotic markedly reduced abdominal pain and painful defecation in children with functional constipation — fewer tummy upsets clinically.
- Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial
PubMed ID: 28821315
Slow‑fermenting starch microspheres improved stool frequency/consistency similar to psyllium, indicating improved bowel function and digestion.
- Probiotics and prebiotic fiber for constipation associated with Parkinson disease: An RCT
PubMed ID: 27543643
Parkinson's trial showed clinically meaningful increases in complete BMs and responder rates, reducing constipation‑related upsets (product combined with probiotics).
- [Efficacy of pectin in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome]
PubMed ID: 25809332
Pectin significantly improved IBS-D symptoms and QoL, demonstrating clear reduction in digestive discomfort.
- Randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of the effect of a synbiotic dairy product on orocecal transit time in healthy adult women
PubMed ID: 23165580
Synbiotic yogurt markedly shortened oro-cecal transit time in slow-transit women, indicating improved digestive transit.
- High-fibre diet and Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease
PubMed ID: 23139608
Symbiotic + high-fiber relieved abdominal pain and related symptoms in diverticular disease patients.
- Comparison of early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis with prebiotic fiber supplementation versus standard enteral solution: a prospective randomized double-blind study
PubMed ID: 17569144
Prebiotic-supplemented enteral feeding in pancreatitis shortened hospital stay and accelerated recovery—fewer GI complications.
- The effect of early nutritional supplementation with a mixture of probiotic, prebiotic, fiber and micronutrients in infants with acute diarrhea in Indonesia
PubMed ID: 17704024
Synbiotic/probiotic+prebiotic infant formula shortened diarrhea duration—fewer acute tummy upsets.
- Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides mitigate the adverse effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled study in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 28774885
GOS mitigated iron-associated gut injury and infection in infants, reducing GI adverse events.
- Effects of Prebiotics vs a Diet Low in FODMAPs in Patients With Functional Gut Disorders
PubMed ID: 29964041
Small‑dose prebiotic improved gut symptoms and increased bifidobacteria vs low‑FODMAP—symptom relief implies improved digestion.
- Effects of perioperative synbiotic treatment on infectious complications, intestinal integrity, and fecal flora and organic acids in hepatic surgery with or without cirrhosis
PubMed ID: 21527594
Perioperative synbiotic markedly reduced infectious complications after liver surgery—fewer clinical GI upsets.
- Effect of consumption of chicory inulin on bowel function in healthy subjects with constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 27492975
Inulin increased stool frequency and softened stools in constipated adults—clear digestive improvement.
- Effect of a whey-predominant starter formula containing LCPUFAs and oligosaccharides (FOS/GOS) on gastrointestinal comfort in infants
PubMed ID: 21147707
Prebiotic (FOS/GOS) formula softened stools and shifted transit toward breast‑fed pattern—direct digestion benefit.
- Stool fatty acid soaps, stool consistency and gastrointestinal tolerance in term infants fed infant formulas containing high sn-2 palmitate with or without oligofructose: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25373935
Oligofructose in formula softened stools and reduced fecal soaps/calcium—improves stool properties and digestion-like outcomes.
- Effect of prebiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in children with intestinal failure: A pilot study
PubMed ID: 40770855
Mixed‑prebiotic produced significant reductions in GI symptoms (including diarrhea) in children with intestinal failure—fewer tummy upsets.
- Effects and Persistence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 and Fructooligosaccharides on Older Adults with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40499217
Synbiotic increased bowel movements and shortened transit time in constipated older adults—clinically fewer upsets.
- Effects of a prebiotic formulation on the composition of the faecal microbiota of people with functional constipation
PubMed ID: 38165420
Short prebiotic mix improved bowel motions despite reduced microbiome richness—clinical digestion signal present.
- Efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharide in the treatment of functional constipation: randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38787732
GOS improved stool form and bowel movement frequency in functional constipation—direct digestive benefit.
- Effectiveness of a Balanced Nine-Strain Synbiotic in Primary-Care Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients-A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38794741
Large IBS synbiotic trial produced marked symptom relief and normalization of stool patterns—fewer GI upsets.
- Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose Ingestion on Weight Loss and Markers of Health
PubMed ID: 39408354
2′‑FL improved gut permeability and some fitness measures during weight‑loss, consistent with better gut function.
- A synbiotic mixture for the management of infantile colic: A randomized trial
PubMed ID: 39557731
Multistrain synbiotic reduced crying from infant colic (GI‑related distress) and improved parental QoL.
- Effects of synbiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and full enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39287261
Multistrain synbiotic strongly reduced NEC and feeding intolerance and decreased time to full feeds in VLBW infants.
- Effect of an Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Food Supplement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 37049576
Supplement shortened duration of digestive symptoms in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients.
- Lactulose regulates gut microbiota dysbiosis and promotes short-chain fatty acids production in acute pancreatitis patients with intestinal dysfunction
PubMed ID: 37116350
Lactulose restored gut function and increased SCFAs, direct improvement in intestinal function.
- Efficacy of 1-kestose supplementation in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 36644995
1‑kestose improved UC symptoms and remission rates, reducing intestinal upset for patients.
- Effects of 24-week prebiotic intervention on self-reported upper respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and markers of immunity in elite rugby union players
PubMed ID: 37331347
Prebiotic reduced GI symptom incidence and severity in elite athletes over 168 days.
- Faecal and urine metabolites, but not gut microbiota, may predict response to low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 37313992
B‑GOS addition increased adequate symptom relief in IBS participants.
- Consumption of Solnul(™) Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37049425
Low-dose resistant potato starch normalized stool consistency and increased beneficial taxa, reflecting improved gut function.
- The effects of synbiotics supplementation on reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects in women with breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37752516
Synbiotic during chemotherapy greatly improved bowel function and reduced GI side effects in breast cancer patients.
- Effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on ponderal and linear growth in severely malnourished young infants in a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36725893
B. infantis increased weight-gain rates in malnourished infants, implying improved nutrient handling and digestion.
- The effects of LactoCare synbiotic administration on chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation in children with ALL: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36975174
Synbiotic markedly reduced chemotherapy-related diarrhea and constipation in children with ALL.
- Functional response to a microbial synbiotic in the gastrointestinal system of children: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36319696
Increased bowel movements in constipated children indicates improved digestive function.
- Comparison of synbiotics combined with enteral nutrition and prophylactic antibiotics as supportive care in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A multicenter randomized study
PubMed ID: 35413573
Synbiotics plus enteral nutrition reduced chemotherapy-associated diarrhea in esophageal cancer patients (comparison confounded).
- Investigating the effect of oral synbiotic on enteral feeding tolerance in critically ill patients: A double-blinded controlled clinical trial of gut microbiota
PubMed ID: 35809224
Improved enteral feeding tolerance, lower gastric residuals and fewer prokinetic needs indicate better digestion/feeding tolerance.
- Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides Impact Stool Frequency and Fecal Microbiota in Self-Reported Constipated Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35057489
GOS increased stool frequency in constipated adults, reducing constipation-related upsets.
- Do synbiotics really enhance beneficial synbiotics effect on defecation symptoms in healthy adults?: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35212286
Probiotic in constipation-prone adults improved subjective constipation symptoms (digestive comfort).
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on regulatory T cells' response in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a randomized double-masked placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36409223
Synbiotic+diet lowered fecal calprotectin and improved GI symptoms, indicating fewer inflammatory gut upsets.
- Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36173031
Synbiotic + anti-inflammatory diet lowered intestinal inflammation and improved GI symptoms in MS patients.
- Prebiotic Supplementation in Kidney Transplant Recipients for Preventing Infections and Gastrointestinal Upset: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study
PubMed ID: 35248721
Prebiotic in kidney transplant recipients slightly improved GI symptoms (fewer minor tummy upsets).
- The effects of synbiotics on indoxyl sulphate level, constipation, and quality of life associated with constipation in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35869437
HD patient synbiotic improved constipation symptoms and QoL—reduced frequency/severity of upset bowels.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Multi-Strain Synbiotic in Patients with Functional Diarrhea and High Fecal Calprotectin Levels: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 36501047
Multi-strain synbiotic increased formed stools and bowel satisfaction in functional-diarrhea patients (fewer symptomatic episodes).
- The effects of synbiotic supplementation on enteral feeding tolerance, protein homeostasis, and muscle wasting of critically ill adult patients: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36195945
Synbiotic in critically ill adults improved feeding tolerance and preserved muscle indices—reduced early feeding-related upsets.
- Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 35611667
Elderly IBS synbiotic markedly improved global symptoms and abdominal pain (fewer upsets).
- [Gastroenterological symptoms in COVID-19 patients with mild severity of the disease: opportunities to optimize antidiarrheal therapy]
PubMed ID: 36286887
Zacofalk significantly shortened diarrhea and improved post-infectious IBS outcomes; clear reduction in tummy upsets.
- Impact of synbiotics treatment on bacteremia induced during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer: A randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34775221
Synbiotics during chemo reduced severe GI toxicity and clinical GI adverse events.
- Effects of a nine-strain bacterial synbiotic compared to simethicone in colicky babies - an open-label randomised study
PubMed ID: 33765904
Multi‑strain synbiotic substantially reduced crying/responder rates in colicky infants (large clinical effect on GI upset).
- A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants
PubMed ID: 34172012
Synbiotic restored Bifidobacterium colonization and created an acidic, anaerobic gut metabolic profile in C‑section infants.
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome
PubMed ID: 34444974
Probiotic yogurt mitigated antibiotic‑induced SCFA depletion and accelerated microbiome recovery, reducing functional GI upset risk.
- An Innovative Synbiotic Formulation Decreases Free Serum Indoxyl Sulfate, Small Intestine Permeability and Ameliorates Gastrointestinal Symptoms in a Randomized Pilot Trial in Stage IIIb-IV CKD Patients
PubMed ID: 34063068
Synbiotic improved GI symptoms (hard stools and abdominal pain) in CKD patients.
- Effect of synbiotic supplementation on migraine characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers in women with migraine: Results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33989763
Synbiotic reduced patient‑reported GI problems by ~35% vs 2.5% in placebo.
- Clinical evaluation of the synbiotic Prodefen Plus® in the prevention of the antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in subjects requiring antibiotic treatment
PubMed ID: 33032474
Adults on synbiotic had fewer and milder antibiotic‑associated diarrhoea episodes compared with placebo.
- The effect of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, appetite, and constipation in people with hypothyroidism: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32363616
8‑week synbiotic RCT in hypothyroid patients reduced constipation (improves digestion metrics).
- Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Supplementation on Diarrhea Frequency and Gut Microbiome Count Among Pelvic Radiation Patients
PubMed ID: 32740950
PHGG reduced post‑radiation diarrhea frequency by treatment completion (reduced tummy upsets).
- The Effectiveness of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Probiotic Strains and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Patients with Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32635661
Synbiotic reduced IBS severity, flatulence and incomplete evacuation — fewer GI upsets in IBS‑D patients.
- Prebiotic effect of two grams of lactulose in healthy Japanese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 31131617
Lactulose increased bowel movements and softened stool in healthy women, reflecting improved digestive function.
- Effects of synbiotic therapy in mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis: A randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 30666969
Synbiotic improved clinical activity in mild–moderate ulcerative colitis (reduced GI symptoms).
- Gastrointestinal Tolerance, Growth and Safety of a Partly Fermented Formula with Specific Prebiotics in Healthy Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 31284424
Infant formula with prebiotics produced softer stools and normal growth—consistent with easier digestion.
- Lacto-fermented sauerkraut improves symptoms in IBS patients independent of product pasteurisation - a pilot study
PubMed ID: 30256365
IBS‑SSS improved with fermented sauerkraut, reflecting less abdominal discomfort.
- Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence
PubMed ID: 30109908
Significant reductions in abdominal pain and gas with B‑GOS® indicate reduced digestive discomfort.
- Use of standard enteral formula versus enteric formula with prebiotic content in nutrition therapy: A randomized controlled study among neuro-critical care patients
PubMed ID: 29779815
Prebiotic‑containing enteral formula was associated with markedly less diarrhea in neurocritical care patients.
- The effects of prebiotic supplementation on weight gain, diarrhoea, constipation, fever and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life
PubMed ID: 29579345
Prebiotic‑supplemented formula shortened diarrhoea duration and reduced constipation episodes in infants (clinical GI events decreased).
Immune support (117)
- Effects of low doses of lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology
PubMed ID: 17623227
Bifidobacteria and SCFA increases and lower fecal pH support a gut environment that can enhance mucosal immunity.
- Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Treating Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Infants with Polyvalent Allergic Sensitisation
PubMed ID: 41686508
Topical+oral synbiotic markedly reduced eczema severity and shifted immune markers (IgE, IL‑4) toward healthier profiles—direct immunomodulatory benefit.
- Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39437223
Synbiotic lowered IL‑17A and reduced SLE disease activity (RCT) indicating meaningful immune modulation.
- The role of probiotics in restoring the Th1 to Th2 ratio in women experiencing recurrent implantation failure; a double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39705908
Probiotic/prebiotic regimen shifted Th1/Th2 balance and increased pregnancy rates—anti‑inflammatory immune shift.
- Effects of synbiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and full enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39287261
Synbiotic reduced NEC and feeding intolerance in VLBW infants, reflecting protection against severe gut infection/insult.
- Efficacy and safety of a synbiotic infant formula for the prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38462218
Synbiotic infant formula increased fecal sIgA and was associated with fewer lower respiratory infections.
- Probiotics combined with prebiotics alleviated seasonal allergic rhinitis by altering the composition and metabolic function of intestinal microbiota: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39555052
Synbiotic reduced nasal symptoms and shifted cytokine profile (Th1 increase, IL‑17 decrease) and raised acetate.
- Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids
PubMed ID: 37242222
2′‑FL induced microbiota‑derived metabolites and secondary bile acids linked to systemic immune markers in infants.
- Effects of 24-week prebiotic intervention on self-reported upper respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and markers of immunity in elite rugby union players
PubMed ID: 37331347
Prebiotic reduced upper respiratory symptom duration and raised salivary IgA by 42% in athletes.
- Gut microbiota intervention by pre and probiotics can induce regulatory T cells and reduce the risk of severe acute GVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
PubMed ID: 37037266
Pre-transplant synbiotic reduced severe GVHD and increased regulatory T cells—strong immunomodulatory signal.
- Comparison of the Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation on the Immune Function of Male University Football Players
PubMed ID: 36904156
Synbiotic reduced URTI incidence and increased salivary SIgA in athletes—clear mucosal immunity benefit.
- A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (RECOVERY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38071990
SIM01 symptom improvements in long COVID may reflect immune-mediated recovery; some immune markers changed.
- Effects of dragon fruit oligosaccharides on immunity, gut microbiome, and their metabolites in healthy adults - A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study
PubMed ID: 37087207
Dragon-fruit oligosaccharides increased salivary IgA and beneficial bifidobacteria, supporting mucosal immune function.
- Targeting the gut-lung axis by synbiotic feeding to infants in a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36803508
Synbiotic formula reduced Klebsiella and increased bifidobacteria plus immune-related metabolites in infants.
- Reversible aberrancies in gut microbiome of moderate and late preterm infants: results from a randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38010080
Preterm infant supplementation accelerated Bifidobacterium colonization, associated with immune maturation.
- Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37614109
Synbiotic lowered CRP/IFN-γ and increased fecal sIgA, indicating enhanced mucosal and systemic immune markers.
- Therapeutic effects of synbiotic on neonates with gestational age over 34 weeks admitted for jaundice
PubMed ID: 34957952
Adjunct synbiotic in neonatal jaundice altered clinical outcomes linked to enterohepatic/microbiome processes relevant to immunity.
- Comparison of synbiotics combined with enteral nutrition and prophylactic antibiotics as supportive care in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A multicenter randomized study
PubMed ID: 35413573
Perioperative synbiotics were associated with less severe neutropenia in cancer patients, suggesting immune effects (confounded).
- A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial analyzing the effect of synbiotics on infectious complications following living donor liver transplant-PREPRO trial
PubMed ID: 35583161
Perioperative synbiotic halved early postoperative overall and bloodstream infection rates (strong clinical immunity/protection signal).
- Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36173031
Reduced fecal calprotectin and improved GI symptoms imply improved mucosal immune status (supporting natural immunity).
- The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics as an Adjuvant Therapy in Children with Idiopathic Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome: A Prospective Open-label Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37675747
Prebiotic+probiotic in nephrotic children increased regulatory immune cells and reduced relapse rate (meaningful immune modulation with clinical effect).
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Rice Bran Intake on Microbiota Diversity, Enteric Dysfunction, and Fecal Secretory IgA in Malian and Nicaraguan Infants
PubMed ID: 35441218
Rice bran reduced EED biomarkers and altered sIgA in infants, suggesting improved mucosal immune environment.
- Randomized double-blinded controlled trial on the effect of synbiotic supplementation on IL-17/IL-23 pathway and disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
PubMed ID: 35947039
Synbiotic lowered IL‑17/IL‑23 pathway markers (immune modulation); interpretation depends on context (autoimmunity vs host defence).
- Adjuvant Effect of Orally Applied Preparations Containing Non-Digestible Polysaccharides on Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Seniors: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial
PubMed ID: 34444843
Arabinoxylan tended to boost H1N1 vaccine responses and reduced common cold episodes (suggests enhanced immune responsiveness).
- Impact of synbiotics treatment on bacteremia induced during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer: A randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34775221
Synbiotics during chemotherapy markedly reduced bacteremia and prevented bacterial translocation to MLNs.
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome
PubMed ID: 34444974
Probiotic yogurt helped microbiome recovery after antibiotics, which can protect against infection risk and support immunity.
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum adiponectin and inflammation status of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33404812
Synbiotic increased adiponectin and reduced TNF‑α and CRP — immunomodulatory/anti‑inflammatory changes.
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the serum endotoxin level, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes of adult patients with critical illness: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34462956
Synbiotic lowered serum endotoxin and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, indicating reduced endotoxemia/inflammatory burden.
- Fermented infant formula (with Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus O65) with prebiotic oligosaccharides is safe and modulates the gut microbiota towards a microbiota closer to that of breastfed infants
PubMed ID: 32893049
Large infant trial showed increased stool secretory IgA with formula containing prebiotics and fermented bioactives — direct mucosal immunity marker.
- Effects of Synbiotics and Probiotics Supplementation on Serum Levels of Endotoxin, Heat Shock Protein 70 Antibodies and Inflammatory Markers in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30617950
12‑week synbiotic in hemodialysis patients significantly lowered systemic inflammatory markers (hs‑CRP, IL‑6) and endotoxin — implies improved host immune/inflammatory status.
- Modulation of T Regulatory and Dendritic Cell Phenotypes Following Ingestion of Bifidobacterium longum, AHCC(®) and Azithromycin in Healthy Individuals
PubMed ID: 31618905
Probiotic/prebiotic regimens raised FoxP3+ Tregs and altered dendritic cell activation markers — evidence of immune modulation in humans.
- Impact of the preoperative use of synbiotics in colorectal cancer patients: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 30278428
Preoperative synbiotics lowered IL‑6/CRP and markedly reduced postoperative infectious complications (fewer infections).
- Galacto-Oligosaccharide/Polidextrose Enriched Formula Protects against Respiratory Infections in Infants at High Risk of Atopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29494489
GOS/PDX infant formula reduced respiratory infections through 48 weeks (randomized trial showing fewer infections).
- Effects of prebiotics on immunologic indicators and intestinal microbiota structure in perioperative colorectal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 30711862
Short preoperative prebiotic increased several immunologic indices (IgG/IgM/CD counts) preoperatively (immune marker increases).
- Synbiotics modulate gut microbiota and reduce enteritis and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30261905
Synbiotics in ventilated sepsis patients cut infectious complications, enteritis and VAP dramatically (clinically meaningful immune protection).
- Oligofructose decreases serum lipopolysaccharide and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in adults with overweight/obesity
PubMed ID: 28229548
Oligofructose lowered circulating LPS (endotoxin), a driver of immune activation—supports improved immune/metabolic environment.
- Perioperative synbiotics administration decreases postoperative infections in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29267553
Perioperative synbiotic substantially lowered SSI and other postoperative infections after colorectal surgery (large clinical immune outcome).
- A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India
PubMed ID: 28813414
Very large neonatal RCT: oral synbiotic markedly reduced sepsis and sepsis‑related death (~40% relative reduction)—strong immunity/clinical infection protection signal.
- The effect of early administration of combined multi-strain and multi-species probiotics on gastrointestinal morbidities and mortality in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care unit
PubMed ID: 29168358
Probiotic+prebiotic in very preterm infants dramatically reduced NEC and mortality (major immune/GI benefit).
- Effects of infant formula supplemented with prebiotics compared with synbiotics on growth up to the age of 12 mo: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28060791
Synbiotic formula possibly reduced lower respiratory infections (clinical immune outcome signal).
- Effect of synbiotic supplementation in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29277839
Synbiotic reduced IL‑6/IL‑8/NOx in bacteriology-positive CF subgroup (reduced airway inflammation).
- A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of resistant dextrin, as functional food, in women with type 2 diabetes: Targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system
PubMed ID: 28669666
Resistant dextrin reduced LPS and proinflammatory cytokines and raised IL‑10 (immune benefit).
- Starter formula enriched in prebiotics and probiotics ensures normal growth of infants and promotes gut health: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28002391
Fecal IgA increased toward breastfed levels—marker of mucosal immune strengthening.
- Randomized study of the effect of synbiotics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on adverse events in esophageal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 26644166
Synbiotics during chemo reduced febrile neutropenia and severe lymphopenia and increased beneficial bacteria/SCFAs — meaningful immunity benefit in patients.
- Synbiotics in Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis: Are They Truly Effective? A Single-blind Prospective Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 25575262
Synbiotics around pancreatic surgery cut infectious complications and shortened antibiotic use/hospital stay — clear immune benefit.
- Perioperative synbiotics decrease postoperative complications in periampullary neoplasms: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25803626
Perioperative synbiotics dramatically reduced postoperative infections, antibiotics, complications and mortality — strong clinical immunity-related outcome.
- Effects of Synbiotics on Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed ID: 26153197
Synbiotic in T2DM lowered hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α — signals of reduced systemic inflammation and immune modulation.
- Influence of galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) on gut microbiota, immune parameters and metabonomics in elderly persons
PubMed ID: 26218845
GOS increased bifidobacteria and shifted IL-10/IL-1β in older adults — biomarker evidence of immune modulation.
- Synbiotics for decreasing incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm neonates - a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25754214
Enteral synbiotics halved NEC incidence in preterm infants — large clinical protection consistent with improved host defenses.
- Randomized clinical trial of the effect of perioperative synbiotics versus no synbiotics on bacterial translocation after oesophagectomy
PubMed ID: 24402842
Perioperative synbiotics reduced bacterial translocation and early bacteraemia after oesophagectomy — robust clinical immune-protection signal.
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on breast milk levels of IgA, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2
PubMed ID: 23788632
Maternal synbiotic significantly raised breastmilk IgA and TGF-β2 and reduced infant diarrhea—direct evidence of improved passive immunity and clinical infection reduction.
- Perioperative synbiotic therapy in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery: a prospective, randomized control trial
PubMed ID: 23867209
Perioperative synbiotics decreased pathogens and increased SCFA, with a trend to fewer postoperative infections (small surgical cohort).
- Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation prevents rhinovirus infections in preterm infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24131826
Preterm infant RCT: early prebiotics markedly reduced respiratory tract infections and rhinovirus incidence — strong clinical immunity benefit.
- Synbiotic therapy reduces the pathological gram-negative rods caused by an increased acetic acid concentration in the gut
PubMed ID: 22576712
Enteral-fed patients had large increases in beneficial microbes and a decrease in pathogenic gram‑negative rods with associated reduction in Pseudomonas in the respiratory tract — plausible immune/protection effect.
- Early neutral prebiotic oligosaccharide supplementation reduces the incidence of some allergic manifestations in the first 5 years of life
PubMed ID: 23158515
Early infant prebiotic mix produced durable reductions in allergic outcomes (including AD and rhinoconjunctivitis) to age 5—strong clinical immune-related benefit.
- Impact of perioperative administration of synbiotics in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22503510
Perioperative synbiotics shortened SIRS duration and tended to reduce postoperative infections, indicating improved host resilience/immune response.
- Non-digestible oligosaccharides reduce immunoglobulin free light-chain concentrations in infants at risk for allergy
PubMed ID: 21771085
scGOS/lcFOS infant formula significantly lowered Ig-free light chains linked to allergy risk, a robust immune biomarker change in infants.
- Lactobacillus salivarius plus fructo-oligosaccharide is superior to fructo-oligosaccharide alone for treating children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of efficacy and safety
PubMed ID: 21895621
Adding probiotic to FOS improved eczema severity and reduced medication use in children, supporting immune-modulatory benefits (synbiotic effect).
- Synbiotics prevent asthma-like symptoms in infants with atopic dermatitis
PubMed ID: 20560907
Synbiotic given to infants with eczema reduced later wheeze and asthma medication use—clinically meaningful immune/allergy modulation (synbiotic product).
- Galactooligosaccharide supplementation reduces stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction and days of cold or flu: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in healthy university students
PubMed ID: 21525194
GOS reduced days with cold/flu (notably in normal-weight subgroup) and lowered some symptom burdens—immune benefit in that context.
- Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the "COPA" pilot randomized trial
PubMed ID: 21525866
In HIV+ adults prebiotic increased NK activity and lowered markers of microbial translocation/activation—supporting immune enhancement.
- Efficacy of a synbiotic supplementation in the prevention of common winter diseases in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 20729255
Three-month synbiotic reduced risk of winter illnesses and school absences in young children—fewer infections suggests stronger natural immunity.
- Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent infectious complications in patients after elective living donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized study
PubMed ID: 20619394
Perioperative synbiotic markedly lowered post-liver-transplant infections—practical immune-related outcome.
- Efficacy of a new hypotonic oral rehydration solution containing zinc and prebiotics in the treatment of childhood acute diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20828714
Prebiotic-containing ORS sped recovery from acute diarrhea and reduced parental work loss—fewer disease days implies immune or recovery benefit.
- Prebiotic and probiotic fortified milk in prevention of morbidities among children: community-based, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20730056
Large RCT: milk fortified with prebiotic oligosaccharide + B. lactis reduced dysentery and pneumonia episodes and lowered antibiotic use—clear immune-protective signal.
- A formula containing galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides prevents intestinal and extra-intestinal infections: an observational study
PubMed ID: 19231042
GOS/FOS formula markedly lowered gastroenteritis incidence and antibiotic needs.
- Early dietary intervention with a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of allergic manifestations and infections during the first two years of life
PubMed ID: 18492839
scGOS/lcFOS reduced infections and antibiotic prescriptions and allergic outcomes to age 2.
- Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers
PubMed ID: 18996881
B-GOS improved innate immune markers (phagocytosis, NK activity) in elderly.
- Long-term safety and impact on infection rates of postnatal probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotic) treatment: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 18595980
Postnatal synbiotic modestly reduced antibiotic use and respiratory infections up to age 2.
- Faecal SIgA secretion in infants fed on pre- or probiotic infant formula
PubMed ID: 16618363
Prebiotic-containing formula tended to increase fecal SIgA with significant peak at 16 weeks—a marker of mucosal immunity.
- Cytokine responses to symbiotic and lactoferrin combination in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized control trial
PubMed ID: 31984696
Symbiotic + lactoferrin altered cytokines (IL‑10, IL‑5) in VLBW infants, showing immunomodulatory effects though clinical impact unclear.
- A new chance of preventing winter diseases by the administration of synbiotic formulations
PubMed ID: 18685511
Large program found reduced incidence, duration and severity of respiratory infections with regular synbiotic intake.
- Iron absorption and loss, and efficacy of iron supplementation with and without prebiotics in children with virally suppressed HIV: three prospective studies in South Africa
PubMed ID: 41233303
GOS added to iron reduced respiratory adverse events (fever, rhinorrhea) in iron‑deficient HIV+ children in an RCT.
- Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and prebiotic oligosaccharide added to milk on iron status, anemia, and growth among children 1 to 4 years old
PubMed ID: 20601905
Reduction in iron deficiency/anemia in children can support immune function; trial used B. lactis + prebiotics in milk.
- Synergistic immunomodulatory effect of synbiotics pre- and postoperative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 38662232
Perioperative synbiotics sharply increased tumor/immune CD8+/IFN‑γ and reduced inflammatory cytokines and postoperative infections—strong immune modulation.
- Prebiotics improve frailty status in community-dwelling older individuals in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39286985
Prebiotic mix produced microbiota/metabolome changes in older adults that correlate with resilience and host function, including immune‑related metabolites.
- The Impact of Synbiotic Treatment on the Levels of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients-A Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 35995418
Synbiotic lowered hs‑CRP and uremic toxin in CKD, consistent with reduced systemic inflammation and improved immune/toxin handling.
- Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula-A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 33924514
Infant formula with oligofructose-inulin shortened infection duration in the first year—supports enhanced infection resilience.
- Tolerance development in cow's milk-allergic infants receiving amino acid-based formula: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34224785
Infant amino-acid formula with synbiotics did not change allergy tolerance but led to fewer infection-related hospitalizations (RCT).
- Inulin-Type Fructan Supplementation of 3- to 6-Year-Old Children Is Associated with Higher Fecal Bifidobacterium Concentrations and Fewer Febrile Episodes Requiring Medical Attention
PubMed ID: 29982534
Six-month inulin in preschoolers modestly reduced medically attended febrile episodes—evidence for improved resistance to infection.
- Impact of prebiotic supplementation on T-cell subsets and their related cytokines, anthropometric features and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26860809
Oligofructose-inulin in T2D lowered inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ), indicative of immunomodulation (moderate evidence).
- Treatment outcomes of infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease treated with synbiotics
PubMed ID: 24043284
Enteral synbiotic (B. lactis + inulin) in infants with CHD markedly reduced nosocomial sepsis, NEC and mortality (large clinically important immune-related benefit; synbiotic).
- Inulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24059649
Inulin in T2D reduced LPS and systemic inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, TNF-α), implying reduced endotoxin-driven immune activation (supports immune health).
- Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically Ill trauma patients: early results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 16983476
Critically ill trauma patients receiving synbiotic had large, clinically important reductions in infections and sepsis—strong immune-relevant outcome.
- Effects of growing-up milk supplemented with prebiotics and LCPUFAs on infections in young children
PubMed ID: 24614142
Large RCT in young children: scGOS/lcFOS + n‑3 modestly lowered respiratory/gastrointestinal infection incidence.
- Synbiotics protected radiation-induced tissue damage in rectal cancer patients: A controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40250086
Peri‑radiation synbiotic reduced tissue inflammation and preserved mucosal microbiota, which may support mucosal immune resilience.
- Probiotic effects on immunity and microbiome in HIV-1 discordant patients
PubMed ID: 36569851
Six‑month synbiotic in immune‑discordant HIV patients modestly improved CD4/CD8 ratio and reduced translocation/inflammation markers.
- Effects of Fructans from Mexican Agave in Newborns Fed with Infant Formula: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26529006
Large infant RCT with fructans (and probiotics) increased salivary IgA and bifidobacteria—direct evidence of enhanced mucosal immunity.
- Synbiotic control of inflammation and infection in severe acute pancreatitis: a prospective, randomized, double blind study
PubMed ID: 17523328
Early synbiotics in severe pancreatitis reduced inflammatory events and septic complications, implying immune benefit.
- Synbiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, or peptide in early enteral nutrition: a randomized study in trauma patients
PubMed ID: 17308252
Synbiotic enteral feeding in trauma dramatically reduced infections (strong clinical immune benefit).
- Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: a controlled trial in liver transplant recipients
PubMed ID: 12134110
Lactobacillus plantarum + fiber post-liver-transplant markedly reduced postoperative infections vs selective decontamination.
- Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides mitigate the adverse effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled study in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 28774885
GOS with iron powder reduced treated RTIs and mitigated pathogen gene increases—improved infection outcomes in infants.
- Effects of drinking water synbiotic supplementation in laying hens challenged with Salmonella
PubMed ID: 29982803
Poultry synbiotic reduced Salmonella and increased bile anti-Salmonella IgA—immunologic effect in animal model.
- A fermented formula in pre-term infants: clinical tolerance, gut microbiota, down-regulation of faecal calprotectin and up-regulation of faecal secretory IgA
PubMed ID: 21426607
Fermented preterm formula raised fecal secretory IgA and lowered calprotectin — direct mucosal immune benefits.
- Intestinal defensin secretion in infancy is associated with the emergence of sensitization and atopic dermatitis
PubMed ID: 22093109
Early synbiotic in infants altered fecal β‑defensin‑2 trajectories linked to later allergy risk — clear innate immune modulation in infancy.
- Effects of perioperative synbiotic treatment on infectious complications, intestinal integrity, and fecal flora and organic acids in hepatic surgery with or without cirrhosis
PubMed ID: 21527594
Perioperative synbiotic reduced postoperative infections and preserved intestinal integrity—direct clinical immune benefit.
- Effects of maternal allergy and supplementation with ω-3 fatty acid and probiotic on human milk oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 40747696
HMOs (infant prebiotics) correlated with milk SIgA and varied by maternal factors—supports HMO role in infant immunity.
- Administration of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Product to Women in the Perinatal Period Differentially Affects the Breast Milk Cytokine Profile and May Have Beneficial Effects on Neonatal Gastrointestinal Functional Symptoms. A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 27801789
Maternal probiotic (not prebiotic) altered milk cytokines and raised infant stool sIgA; shows microbiota‑immune link relevant to prebiotic context.
- A young child formula with Limosilactobacillus reuteri and GOS modulates gut microbiome and enhances bone and muscle development: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 41387706
Toddler synbiotic increased bifidobacteria and produced measurable physiological benefits (bone/muscle)—indicative of beneficial microbiome‑immune interactions.
- [Randomised placebo controlled double blind study on the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on intestinal flora in healthy infants]
PubMed ID: 16408384
Infant flora shift toward bifidobacteria is associated with improved early-life immune development; direct immune markers not reported.
- [Influence of physical therapy on intestinal microbiota, blood pressure control and systemic inflammation level: a randomized controlled study of 84 patients with arterial hypertension]
PubMed ID: 40421856
Trial reported reductions in IL‑1β and hsCRP (in some arms), indicating reduced systemic inflammation and immune modulation.
- Enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism by probiotic and prebiotic intake promotes short-chain fatty acid production in the gut microbiome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 40366770
Increases in SCFAs and bifidobacteria (metabolites that modulate immunity) support potential immune benefit.
- Multi-species synbiotic supplementation increased fecal short chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in adult men with dyslipidemia; A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38631185
Synbiotic raised anti‑inflammatory IL‑10 and SCFAs, indicating immune‑modulating effects.
- Effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 38865630
Combined therapy reduced intestinal permeability and inflammation and increased fecal SCFAs—improves mucosal defenses.
- Gut microbiota associated with the mitigation effect of synbiotics on adverse events of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer: A retrospective exploratory study
PubMed ID: 37367942
Higher A. hadrus associated with fewer fevers and less diarrhea during chemo—observational immune resilience link.
- Changes in Gut Microbiota and Systemic Inflammation after Synbiotic Supplementation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36359816
Synbiotic in SLE lowered hs‑CRP/IL‑6 and shifted toward butyrate metabolism—supports immune modulation.
- Effects of oral butyrate and inulin supplementation on inflammation-induced pyroptosis pathway in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32315958
Butyrate supplementation downregulated NLRP3 and IL-1β (pyroptosis genes) and increased SOD—molecular immune modulation in T2D.
- The effects of prebiotics on microbial dysbiosis, butyrate production and immunity in HIV-infected subjects
PubMed ID: 28000678
Prebiotic restored butyrate-producing taxa in HIV and correlated with declines in sCD14 and hsCRP—immune improvement in a dysbiotic cohort.
- Synbiotic consumption changes the metabolism and composition of the gut microbiota in older people and modifies inflammatory processes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
PubMed ID: 23957631
Synbiotic lowered peripheral TNF‑α in older adults (reduced pro‑inflammatory signaling).
- Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) in combination with inulin modulates both the intestinal environment and immune status in healthy subjects, while XOS alone only shows prebiotic properties
PubMed ID: 22264499
INU+XOS lowered plasma LPS and reduced LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory responses—supports improved innate immune status.
- Nutraceutical Blends Promote Weight Loss, Inflammation Reduction, and Better Sleep: The Role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Overweight Adults-A Double-Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 39981988
Nutraceutical blends lowered TNF-α and shifted microbiota toward beneficial taxa—supporting reduced systemic inflammation and immune benefit.
- Yeast Beta-Glucan Supplementation Downregulates Markers of Systemic Inflammation after Heated Treadmill Exercise
PubMed ID: 32325856
Yeast beta-glucan reduced exercise-induced inflammatory cytokines—evidence of immune-modulatory activity.
- Cow's milk-based beverage consumption in 1- to 4-year-olds and allergic manifestations: an RCT
PubMed ID: 26920136
Prebiotic‑fortified milk reduced allergic manifestations in children, implying immune modulation.
- [Combination of early nasojejunal feeding with modern synbiotic therapy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (prospective, randomized, double-blind study)]
PubMed ID: 16167471
Synbiotic nasojejunal feeding reduced SIRS/MOF and septic complications in severe acute pancreatitis, reflecting improved host defenses.
- A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing a New D-Mannose-based Dietary Supplement to Placebo for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed ID: 36621376
D‑mannose + prebiotic fibers supplement markedly improved clinical and bacteriological cure rates for uncomplicated E. coli UTI, indicating augmented host/pathogen control.
- Synergy of Astragalus polysaccharides and probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bacillus cereus) on immunity and intestinal microbiota in chicks
PubMed ID: 19211520
Astragalus polysaccharide plus probiotics increased antibody titers and T‑cell markers in chicks (animal model of immune enhancement).
- Randomised clinical trial: efficacy of a new synbiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 plus arabinogalactan and xilooligosaccharides in children with acute diarrhoea
PubMed ID: 22324448
Synbiotic in acute diarrhoea reduced duration and hospitalisations in children—clinical outcomes suggesting enhanced host‑resistance or recovery capacity.
Bowel regularity (97)
- Inulin-Type Fructan Supplementation of 3- to 6-Year-Old Children Is Associated with Higher Fecal Bifidobacterium Concentrations and Fewer Febrile Episodes Requiring Medical Attention
PubMed ID: 29982534
Six-month inulin in 3–6‑year-olds produced softer stools and supports more regular/softer bowel movements.
- Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Agave Inulin in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Chronic Constipation: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 32998471
Randomized trial in children with chronic constipation showed significant improvement in stool consistency and increased normal stool frequency.
- Synergistic immunomodulatory effect of synbiotics pre- and postoperative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 38662232
Perioperative synbiotics significantly shortened time to first BM and improved postoperative bowel recovery.
- A randomized trial of inulin for bowel symptoms, depression and quality of life in constipation predominant IBS
PubMed ID: 41034384
Inulin RCT in IBS‑C produced clinically meaningful symptom improvement including constipation-related outcomes.
- A new chance of preventing winter diseases by the administration of synbiotic formulations
PubMed ID: 18685511
Large synbiotic program reported improved bowel function and more regular motility.
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Multi-Species Synbiotic Supplementation for Bloating, Gas, and Abdominal Discomfort
PubMed ID: 41599868
General GI‑QoL improvements likely include more regular bowel habits (symptom-based evidence).
- Supplementation of a bovine milk formula with an oligosaccharide mixture increases counts of faecal bifidobacteria in preterm infants
PubMed ID: 11978748
Preterm formula with oligosaccharides produced stool frequency and patterns similar to breastfed infants (more regular stools).
- Randomized double-blind study of the nutritional efficacy and bifidogenicity of a new infant formula containing partially hydrolyzed protein, a high beta-palmitic acid level, and nondigestible oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 12604972
Infant formula with prebiotics produced softer stools and transiently higher stool frequency.
- Effects of a new mixture of prebiotics on faecal flora and stools in term infants
PubMed ID: 14599046
GOS/FOS produced softer, more acidic stools in infants, a marker of improved stool consistency/regularity.
- Acidic oligosaccharides from pectin hydrolysate as new component for infant formulae: effect on intestinal flora, stool characteristics, and pH
PubMed ID: 16056097
Complete oligosaccharide mixture produced softer stools compared with control indicating more regular bowel action.
- The effect of a fructo-oligosaccharide supplemented formula on gut flora of preterm infants
PubMed ID: 16978805
Preterm infants had altered stool frequency along with microbiota changes, implying effects on bowel habits.
- Clinical evaluation of a new starter formula for infants containing live Bifidobacterium longum BL999 and prebiotics
PubMed ID: 17189085
Reduced constipation signs and improved stool characteristics in infants.
- Term infants fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics grow normally and have soft stools similar to those reported for breast-fed infants
PubMed ID: 17325558
Softer stools reported in large infant trial (affects regularity).
- The clinical effect of a new infant formula in term infants with constipation: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial
PubMed ID: 17428343
Defecation frequency increased on the prebiotic-containing formula in constipated infants.
- Effects of polydextrose supplementation on different faecal parameters in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 19107626
Polydextrose shortened orofaecal transit time and improved consistency.
- Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 19053980
GOS improved stool consistency in IBS patients (more formed stools).
- Tolerance and safety of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis in a prebiotic-containing infant formula: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19331702
Softer and more frequent stools during first months with prebiotic/probiotic formula.
- The effect of prebiotics in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
PubMed ID: 19555446
scGOS/lcFOS infant formula doubled stools/day at 28 days vs control—a clear effect on stool frequency/regularity.
- Tolerance and safety evaluation in a large cohort of healthy infants fed an innovative prebiotic formula: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22140499
Prebiotic formula produced softer stools closer to breastfeeding and changes in stool consistency over 8–24 weeks.
- Synbiotic preparation in men suffering from functional constipation: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21805410
Synbiotic significantly increased stool frequency and improved Bristol stool form in constipated men.
- The effect of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on stool viscosity, stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants
PubMed ID: 21449921
Prebiotic supplementation in preterm infants decreased stool viscosity and tended to increase stool frequency.
- Randomised clinical trial: the synbiotic food supplement Probiotical vs. placebo for acute gastroenteritis in children
PubMed ID: 21899583
Children receiving synbiotic reached normal stool consistency earlier and had shorter diarrhoea—improved stool regularity/recovery.
- Stool pattern changes in toddlers consuming a follow-on formula supplemented with polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 22002482
Prebiotic formula increased stool frequency in toddlers (RCT).
- Effect of synbiotic in constipated adult women - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clinical response
PubMed ID: 22959620
Well-powered RCT in constipated women showed increased stool frequency and normalized stool form with synbiotic.
- Prebiotic effect of an infant formula supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides: randomized multicenter trial
PubMed ID: 25302927
GOS-supplemented infant formula resulted in softer stools and reduced incidence of hard stools (improved regularity).
- Effect of yogurt containing polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study in chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 25056655
Polydextrose + probiotics yogurt significantly shortened colonic transit time in constipated adults.
- Effect of an α-lactalbumin-enriched infant formula supplemented with oligofructose on fecal microbiota, stool characteristics, and hydration status: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25297064
Oligofructose in infant formula produced softer stools and more breastfed-like stool patterns (improved regularity).
- Tolerance of formulas containing prebiotics in healthy, term infants
PubMed ID: 25061716
Higher GOS doses in formula produced softer/more watery stools early — changed stool output/regularity.
- Prebiotics Do Not Influence the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants: A Randomised Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26571488
Infant GOS led to slightly softer stools — supports modest change in bowel habit.
- Prebiotics for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates
PubMed ID: 26513278
Preterm infants had +0.5 defecation/day — clear increase in stool frequency.
- Randomised controlled trial demonstrates that fermented infant formula with short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of infantile colic
PubMed ID: 28328065
Prebiotic‑containing infant formula produced softer stools and reduced colic, consistent with improved stooling patterns.
- Efficacy of a Probiotic-Prebiotic Supplement on Incidence of Diarrhea in a Dog Shelter: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28186660
Shelter dog trial showing reduced diarrhea days with synbiotic (animal evidence relevant to stool frequency/consistency).
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation
PubMed ID: 30388751
FOS increased stool softness and decreased transit time and straining in constiped infants (direct effect on bowel regularity).
- Effects of Prebiotics vs a Diet Low in FODMAPs in Patients With Functional Gut Disorders
PubMed ID: 29964041
Prebiotic improved symptom profile and microbiota vs low‑FODMAP; bowel habit improvements persisted after stopping supplement.
- The effects of prebiotic supplementation on weight gain, diarrhoea, constipation, fever and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life
PubMed ID: 29579345
GOS/polydextrose in formula-fed infants reduced constipation episodes vs comparator (modest benefit).
- Gastrointestinal Tolerance, Growth and Safety of a Partly Fermented Formula with Specific Prebiotics in Healthy Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 31284424
Prebiotic infant formula increased stool frequency (softer, more frequent stools like breastfed infants).
- Prebiotic effect of two grams of lactulose in healthy Japanese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 31131617
2 g/day lactulose for 2 weeks increased defaecation frequency and softened stool in healthy women.
- The Effectiveness of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Probiotic Strains and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Patients with Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32635661
Synbiotic reduced feeling of incomplete evacuation and improved bowel‑habit domain in IBS‑D trial.
- Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Supplementation on Diarrhea Frequency and Gut Microbiome Count Among Pelvic Radiation Patients
PubMed ID: 32740950
PHGG doubled bifidobacteria early and reduced post‑radiation diarrhea by study end (regularized stools).
- The effect of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, appetite, and constipation in people with hypothyroidism: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32363616
RCT reported a reduction in constipation versus placebo in hypothyroid patients over 8 weeks.
- Clinical evaluation of the synbiotic Prodefen Plus® in the prevention of the antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in subjects requiring antibiotic treatment
PubMed ID: 33032474
Improved stool consistency and reduced diarrhoea frequency indicate more regular stooling after synbiotic.
- Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 35611667
IBS synbiotic improved defecation outcomes (stool form/frequency components) vs placebo.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Multi-Strain Synbiotic in Patients with Functional Diarrhea and High Fecal Calprotectin Levels: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 36501047
Multi-strain synbiotic increased formed stools and improved bowel satisfaction in functional diarrhea patients.
- The effects of synbiotics on indoxyl sulphate level, constipation, and quality of life associated with constipation in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35869437
Synbiotic in HD patients improved constipation symptom scores and related QoL (clinically meaningful bowel outcome).
- Do synbiotics really enhance beneficial synbiotics effect on defecation symptoms in healthy adults?: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35212286
Probiotic reduced subjective constipation symptoms and incomplete evacuation (though frequency unchanged).
- Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides Impact Stool Frequency and Fecal Microbiota in Self-Reported Constipated Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35057489
11 g GOS markedly raised bifidobacteria and increased stool frequency (~+1.3 BMs/week) in low-frequency adults.
- Functional response to a microbial synbiotic in the gastrointestinal system of children: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36319696
Demonstrated significant, clinically relevant increases in weekly bowel movements in constipated children.
- The effects of LactoCare synbiotic administration on chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation in children with ALL: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36975174
Synbiotic markedly reduced chemotherapy-related constipation rates.
- The effects of synbiotics supplementation on reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects in women with breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37752516
Synbiotic substantially improved defecation quality during chemotherapy.
- Consumption of Solnul(™) Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37049425
Resistant potato starch normalized stool form and reduced constipation-associated events in healthy adults.
- Faecal and urine metabolites, but not gut microbiota, may predict response to low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 37313992
Higher adequate relief rates in IBS patients suggest improvements in bowel symptoms.
- Efficacy of 1-kestose supplementation in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 36644995
Clinical remission in ulcerative colitis often includes normalization of bowel habits.
- Do Herbal Supplements and Probiotics Complement Antibiotics and Diet in the Management of SIBO? A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 38613116
Adjunct natural therapies improved clinical symptoms for methane‑predominant SIBO (constipation‑related).
- Effects of synbiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and full enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39287261
Reduced feeding intolerance and faster progression to full feeds in VLBW infants implies more regular feeding/evacuation patterns.
- Effectiveness of a Balanced Nine-Strain Synbiotic in Primary-Care Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients-A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38794741
Synbiotic produced stool‑form normalization and large improvements in IBS bowel patterns.
- Efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharide in the treatment of functional constipation: randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38787732
GOS significantly increased bowel movement frequency vs placebo in functional constipation (RCT).
- Effects of a prebiotic formulation on the composition of the faecal microbiota of people with functional constipation
PubMed ID: 38165420
3‑week prebiotic mix increased complete spontaneous bowel motions despite microbiome changes.
- Effects and Persistence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 and Fructooligosaccharides on Older Adults with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40499217
Synbiotic (B. animalis + FOS) markedly increased weekly spontaneous bowel motions and shortened transit time (RCT).
- Effect of prebiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in children with intestinal failure: A pilot study
PubMed ID: 40770855
Mixed‑prebiotic normalized stool form in many children with intestinal failure (43% vs 6% control), indicating improved regularity.
- Early-life fecal microbiome and metabolome dynamics in response to an intervention with infant formula containing specific prebiotics and postbiotics
PubMed ID: 35348015
Targeted prebiotics/postbiotics drove stool metabolome and bifidobacteria increases, aligning stools more with breastfed infants (implies better stool patterns).
- Acacia fiber or probiotic supplements to relieve gastrointestinal complaints in patients with constipation-predominant IBS: a 4-week randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled intervention trial
PubMed ID: 38653808
Acacia fiber produced a clinically meaningful increase in stools/week (+1.3 vs placebo) in IBS‑C patients.
- A yeast fermentate improves gastrointestinal discomfort and constipation by modulation of the gut microbiome: results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial
PubMed ID: 28870194
Yeast fermentate trial reported improved stool frequency/consistency in a subgroup with constipation‑related discomfort.
- Prospective, randomized, parallel-group trial to evaluate the effects of lactulose and polyethylene glycol-4000 on colonic flora in chronic idiopathic constipation
PubMed ID: 15080850
Lactulose (a prebiotic osmotic agent) increased bifidobacteria and was used in constipated patients, consistent with increased bowel activity vs PEG which reduced fermentation.
- Effects of low doses of lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology
PubMed ID: 17623227
Lactitol increased SCFAs and bifidobacteria and was well tolerated—changes often accompany improved regularity.
- Prebiotic UG1601 mitigates constipation-related events in association with gut microbiota: A randomized placebo-controlled intervention study
PubMed ID: 31686768
Trial reported increased abundance of butyrate-producer and improvements in stool-frequency scores with UG1601.
- Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 32314514
Inulin used as control in IBS RCT produced similar symptom reductions (including bowel habit improvements) as active treatment.
- Growth and tolerance of formula with lactoferrin in infants through one year of age: double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26547414
PDX:GOS in infant formula produced softer, more regular stools resembling breastfed infants (clear stool-consistency effect).
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to establish the bifidogenic effect of a very-long-chain inulin extracted from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) in healthy human subjects
PubMed ID: 20591206
Inulin increased bifidobacteria/lactobacilli; while stool form not primary, typical prebiotic effects often support regularity.
- Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24671237
GOS formula produced softer stools in infants, consistent with more regular bowel function.
- A double-blind, 377-subject randomized study identifies Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Christensenella, and Collinsella as long-term potential key players in the modulation of the gut microbiome of lactose intolerant individuals by galacto-oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 34365905
GOS improved gastrointestinal symptoms in lactose‑intolerant adults, including stool-related outcomes.
- Daily consumption of galactooligosaccharide gummies ameliorates constipation symptoms, gut dysbiosis, degree of depression and quality of life among sedentary university teaching staff: A double-blind randomized placebo control clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37751049
GOS gummies produced clear improvement in constipation in a randomized trial.
- Inulin-induced improvements on bowel habit and gut microbiota in adults with functional constipation: findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 41233756
Inulin RCT produced clinically meaningful increases in stool frequency in functional constipation.
- Growth and tolerance of infants fed formula supplemented with polydextrose (PDX) and/or galactooligosaccharides (GOS): double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22676715
Prebiotic-supplemented formulas produced higher early stool frequency and softer stools vs control in a large infant RCT.
- Stool fatty acid soaps, stool consistency and gastrointestinal tolerance in term infants fed infant formulas containing high sn-2 palmitate with or without oligofructose: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25373935
Addition of oligofructose to formula produced softer stools and altered stool composition toward breastfed-like patterns.
- Effect of a whey-predominant starter formula containing LCPUFAs and oligosaccharides (FOS/GOS) on gastrointestinal comfort in infants
PubMed ID: 21147707
Prebiotic formula produced much softer stools and transit closer to breast‑fed infants—promotes regularity.
- Effect of consumption of chicory inulin on bowel function in healthy subjects with constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 27492975
Inulin increased stool frequency by ~1 stool/week in chronic constipation—strong evidence for regularity.
- New prebiotic blend of polydextrose and galacto-oligosaccharides has a bifidogenic effect in young infants
PubMed ID: 21946836
Infant PDX+GOS produced softer stools consistently (closer to breastfed pattern) — clearer effect on stool consistency/frequency.
- The effect of early nutritional supplementation with a mixture of probiotic, prebiotic, fiber and micronutrients in infants with acute diarrhea in Indonesia
PubMed ID: 17704024
Infant synbiotic formula shortened diarrhea duration, implying more rapid return to regular stools.
- Randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of the effect of a synbiotic dairy product on orocecal transit time in healthy adult women
PubMed ID: 23165580
Synbiotic substantially shortened oro-cecal transit time in slow-transit women—strong evidence for more regular bowel movements.
- Probiotics and prebiotic fiber for constipation associated with Parkinson disease: An RCT
PubMed ID: 27543643
Fermented milk with probiotics + prebiotic increased complete bowel movements/week in Parkinson's patients (combined product lowers attribution certainty to prebiotic alone).
- A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study: the effects of a synbiotic, Lepicol, in adults with chronic, functional constipation
PubMed ID: 27776217
Synbiotic (psyllium+inulin+probiotics) produced early increases in bowel movements in adults with functional constipation (multi‑component product).
- Oligofructose Provides Laxation for Irregularity Associated with Low Fiber Intake
PubMed ID: 29258261
Large RCT: oligofructose (15 g/day) significantly increased stool frequency (clear dose‑response) in low‑fibre adults.
- Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial
PubMed ID: 28821315
Starch‑entrapped microspheres increased BM frequency (comparable to psyllium) in adults with unsatisfactory bowel habits.
- Investigation of the efficacy of synbiotics in the treatment of functional constipation in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 28705786
Large pediatric RCT: synbiotic markedly increased weekly defecation frequency vs placebo (strong symptomatic effect).
- Effect of Repeated Consumption of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Fecal Characteristics and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 31509971
PHGG normalized loose‑stool tendencies (Bristol scale) in prone adults, improving regularity.
- Effect of wheat bran derived prebiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal transit, gut microbiota, and metabolic health: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults with a slow gut transit
PubMed ID: 31983281
AXOS softened stool consistency in slow‑transit adults, consistent with improved bowel habit regularity.
- Effects of ID-HWS1000 on the Perception of Bowel Activity and Microbiome in Subjects with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 34406877
Synbiotic improved number/duration of BMs and stool form in functional constipation.
- Effects of dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms and roles of gut microbiota: a double-blinded randomized placebo trial
PubMed ID: 37078654
See above — large trial robustly supports more regular BMs.
- The Effects of Agave Fructans in a Functional Food Consumed by Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 37630717
Agave-fructan jelly produced rapid, clinically meaningful increases in stool frequency in IBS-C.
- Agave tequilana Fructans Versus Psyllium plantago for Functional Constipation : Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37389917
Agave fructans were as effective as psyllium at improving complete spontaneous bowel movements and stool consistency.
- Impact of resistant starch type 3 on fecal microbiota and stool frequency in Thai adults with chronic constipation randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39543201
Resistant starch type 3 improved stool frequency in adults with chronic constipation.
- Tolerability and efficacy of an enteral formula containing partially hydrolyzed guar gum in patients following gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 41483486
PHGG EN reduced diarrhea and abdominal distension, indicating improved bowel regularity/tolerance.
- Effects of Prebiotic Yeast Mannan on Gut Health and Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 38201970
Direct RCT finding increased defecation frequency toward daily bowel movements.
- Clinical trial on the efficacy of a new symbiotic formulation, Flortec, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a multicenter, randomized study
PubMed ID: 18685503
Flortec showed reduced bowel movements and symptom benefit in diarrhea‑predominant IBS subgroup.
- Efficacy and safety of Gelsectan for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomised, crossover clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31662866
IBS-D trial: proportion with normal stools rose dramatically vs placebo (strong direct evidence).
- Physiological and bifidogenic effects of prebiotic supplements in infant formulae
PubMed ID: 21593649
Infant RCT: prebiotic formula produced softer stools and stool patterns closer to breastfed infants (improves regularity).
- Safety and efficacy of inulin and oligofructose supplementation in infant formula: results from a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23498848
Large infant RCT: increased defecation frequency and softer stools vs control (direct effect on bowel regularity).
Inflammation (123)
- Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre blend on inflammation, the gut microbiota and affective symptoms in metabolic syndrome: a pilot open-label randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39411833
Diverse prebiotic significantly reduced hs-CRP alongside improvements in stress and mood.
- Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement on HbA1c, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory biomarkers in pre-diabetes: a pilot placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38654680
Diverse prebiotic lowered CRP and improved insulin sensitivity in prediabetes over 24 weeks.
- Synbiotics protected radiation-induced tissue damage in rectal cancer patients: A controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40250086
Peri‑radiation synbiotic reduced histologic tissue inflammation and fibrosis compared with controls.
- Effect of Daily Lactococcus cremoris spp. Consumption Immobilized on Oat Flakes on Blood and Urine Biomarkers: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40572644
Lactococcus on oat flakes reduced hs‑CRP and trended lower IL‑6 in healthy volunteers (modest anti‑inflammatory effect).
- Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23786900
Synbiotic in T2D significantly lowered hs‑CRP and raised antioxidant GSH (clear anti‑inflammatory signal).
- Synbiotic food consumption reduces levels of triacylglycerols and VLDL, but not cholesterol, LDL, or HDL in plasma from pregnant women
PubMed ID: 24271261
Synbiotic in late pregnancy reduced TAG/VLDL and increased GSH (metabolic/antioxidant changes consistent with reduced systemic stress/inflammation).
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes
PubMed ID: 28786012
Synbiotic in gestational diabetes reduced hs-CRP and oxidative stress markers (MDA) with increased TAC—anti-inflammatory effect.
- Prebiotic supplementation modulates advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), and cardiometabolic risk factors through improving metabolic endotoxemia: a randomized-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31728681
Resistant dextrin markedly reduced hs-CRP, MDA and LPS—strong evidence for reduced systemic inflammation.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30560426
Synbiotic in diabetic HD patients lowered hs-CRP, MDA and raised antioxidants—robust anti-inflammatory/antioxidant signals.
- Inulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24059649
8 wk 10 g/d inulin in women with T2D significantly lowered hs-CRP, TNF-α and LPS along with improved glycemic markers (strong anti-inflammatory evidence).
- Impact of prebiotic supplementation on T-cell subsets and their related cytokines, anthropometric features and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26860809
Oligofructose-enriched inulin in T2D reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ) and improved metabolic markers (solid RCT evidence).
- Prebiotics Reduce Body Fat and Alter Intestinal Microbiota in Children Who Are Overweight or With Obesity
PubMed ID: 28596023
Oligofructose reduced IL-6 by ~15% in overweight children—direct evidence of reduced systemic inflammation.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in People with Overweight, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29079990
Synbiotic intervention lowered hs-CRP and markers of oxidative stress in adults with overweight/diabetes/CHD—evidence of anti-inflammatory effect.
- The effects of co-administration of probiotics and prebiotics on chronic inflammation, and depression symptoms in patients with coronary artery diseases: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33641656
Inulin + probiotic lowered hs‑CRP and LPS in CAD patients; indicates decreased systemic inflammation though combined product.
- Effects of inulin-type fructans with different degrees of polymerization on inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35261049
Long‑chain inulin also showed non‑significant trends for other endothelial/inflammation markers — supportive but smaller effects.
- The Impact of Synbiotic Treatment on the Levels of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients-A Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 35995418
Synbiotic in CKD produced substantial hs‑CRP reductions alongside lower uremic toxin and improved eGFR (robust inflammation signal).
- Inulin-type fructans and 2'fucosyllactose alter both microbial composition and appear to alleviate stress-induced mood state in a working population compared to placebo (maltodextrin): the EFFICAD Trial, a randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37657523
Oligofructose reduced cortisol awakening response and improved mood; indirect evidence for reduced stress‑linked inflammation.
- Synergistic immunomodulatory effect of synbiotics pre- and postoperative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 38662232
Perioperative synbiotics decreased IL‑1β, IL‑6 and IL‑10 postoperatively and reduced complications—strong anti‑inflammatory/immune effect.
- Prebiotics increase iron absorption and reduce the adverse effects of iron on the gut microbiome and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial using iron stable isotopes in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 38042412
Infant trial showed reduced fecal calprotectin and decreases in enteropathogens with prebiotic use—evidence of reduced gut inflammation.
- Randomized controlled trial evaluating synbiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 40434674
Synbiotic adjunct in PD reduced systemic inflammatory marker TNF‑α and oxidative stress (MDA), indicating anti‑inflammatory effects.
- Early Effect of Supplemented Infant Formulae on Intestinal Biomarkers and Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 32443684
Prebiotic formula lowered fecal calprotectin and other gut‑maturation/inflammation biomarkers toward breastfed profiles.
- Pharmacological Therapy Determines the Gut Microbiota Modulation by a Pomegranate Extract Nutraceutical in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33458928
Pomegranate polyphenol supplement lowered LBP and some inflammatory markers in subgroups, suggesting anti‑inflammatory potential.
- Systemic inflammatory markers in older persons: the effect of oral nutritional supplementation with prebiotics
PubMed ID: 17985062
Oligosaccharide supplementation reduced TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in older adults.
- Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers
PubMed ID: 18996881
B-GOS shifted cytokine profile (↑IL-10, ↓pro-inflammatory cytokines).
- Early dietary intervention with a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of allergic manifestations and infections during the first two years of life
PubMed ID: 18492839
Reduction in atopic and infectious outcomes suggests reduced systemic/immune-mediated inflammation.
- A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of synbiotic versus probiotic or prebiotic treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis
PubMed ID: 19201576
Synbiotic reduced CRP and improved IBDQ in ulcerative colitis—objective reduction in inflammation.
- Clinical trial: the microbiological and immunological effects of synbiotic consumption - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in active Crohn's disease
PubMed ID: 20735782
Synbiotic transiently lowered mucosal TNF-α and improved histology in Crohn's patients—reduced local inflammation.
- Short-term effect of prebiotics administration on stool characteristics and serum cytokines dynamics in very young children with acute diarrhea
PubMed ID: 22254048
Short pediatric prebiotic course modestly lowered TNF-α responses—evidence of inflammatory modulation.
- Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the "COPA" pilot randomized trial
PubMed ID: 21525866
Prebiotic mix lowered sCD14 and LPS and reduced CD4 activation in HIV+ adults—clear reduction in markers of microbial-driven inflammation.
- Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fructo-oligosaccharides in active Crohn's disease
PubMed ID: 21262918
FOS reduced IL-6 and increased IL-10 in dendritic cells from Crohn's patients, indicating local anti-inflammatory immunologic shifts though no clinical improvement.
- Impact of perioperative administration of synbiotics in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22503510
Perioperative synbiotics shortened the duration of SIRS and altered intestinal acids/pH—objective reductions in systemic inflammatory response.
- Early neutral prebiotic oligosaccharide supplementation reduces the incidence of some allergic manifestations in the first 5 years of life
PubMed ID: 23158515
Early infant prebiotic mix reduced allergic outcomes long-term, consistent with modulation of inflammatory/allergic pathways.
- A randomized triple-masked controlled trial on the effects of synbiotics on inflammation markers in overweight children
PubMed ID: 24184299
Synbiotic lowered TNF-α and IL‑6 and raised adiponectin in overweight children, but changes were mediated by BMI change (partial/indirect effect).
- A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults
PubMed ID: 23303873
GOS in overweight adults decreased plasma CRP and fecal calprotectin — direct evidence of reduced systemic and gut inflammation markers.
- Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius UBL S22 and Prebiotic Fructo-oligosaccharide on Serum Lipids, Inflammatory Markers, Insulin Sensitivity, and Gut Bacteria in Healthy Young Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 25331262
Synbiotic (L. salivarius + FOS) in adults reduced CRP and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα) versus placebo—direct anti-inflammatory effects.
- Effect of short-term synbiotic treatment on plasma p-cresol levels in patients with chronic renal failure: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24929795
Synbiotic in CKD patients reduced plasma p-cresol by ~74% over 30 days, markedly lowering a gut-derived proinflammatory/uremic toxin.
- Resistant dextrin, as a prebiotic, improves insulin resistance and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 27028002
Resistant dextrin produced robust reductions in IL-6, TNF-α, endotoxin and HOMA-IR in women with T2D — strong anti-inflammatory evidence.
- Is there any place for resistant starch, as alimentary prebiotic, for patients with type 2 diabetes?
PubMed ID: 26645521
RS2 lowered HbA1c and TNF-α and triglycerides — significant anti-inflammatory/metabolic improvements.
- Effects of Synbiotics on Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed ID: 26153197
Synbiotic RCT in T2D lowered hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α — clear systemic inflammation reductions.
- Similar to Those Who Are Breastfed, Infants Fed a Formula Containing 2'-Fucosyllactose Have Lower Inflammatory Cytokines in a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 27798337
Infant formula with 2'-FL lowered multiple inflammatory cytokines to levels similar to breastfed infants — strong biomarker evidence.
- A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of resistant dextrin, as functional food, in women with type 2 diabetes: Targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system
PubMed ID: 28669666
Resistant dextrin decreased LPS, IFN‑γ and increased IL‑10 — clear anti‑inflammatory changes.
- Effect of synbiotic supplementation in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29277839
Synbiotic reduced IL‑6, IL‑8 and NOx in CF subgroup with positive airway cultures.
- Synbiotic supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28490394
Synbiotic in rheumatoid arthritis produced large reductions in hs‑CRP and DAS‑28 (robust anti‑inflammatory clinical signal).
- Synbiotic supplementation in lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28345499
Synbiotic for 28 weeks in lean NAFLD reduced hepatic steatosis/fibrosis and inflammatory/metabolic markers (anti‑inflammatory benefit).
- Oligofructose decreases serum lipopolysaccharide and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in adults with overweight/obesity
PubMed ID: 28229548
Oligofructose lowered circulating LPS by ~40% (reducing endotoxin‑driven inflammation) and decreased PAI‑1 (inflammation/thrombosis marker).
- The effects of synbiotic supplementation on hormonal status, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29649996
Synbiotic for 12 weeks in PCOS reduced hs‑CRP and improved insulin resistance (clear anti‑inflammatory/metabolic effects).
- Impact of the preoperative use of synbiotics in colorectal cancer patients: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 30278428
Preoperative synbiotics significantly lowered IL‑6 and CRP and reduced postoperative infections — strong anti‑inflammatory/clinical signal.
- Effects of synbiotic therapy in mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis: A randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 30666969
Synbiotic improved clinical UC activity and tended to lower CRP/ESR (evidence of reduced gut inflammation).
- Effect of Synbiotic and Probiotic Supplementation on Serum Levels of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Control Study
PubMed ID: 30293208
Synbiotic reduced sICAM‑1 and sVCAM‑1 (markers linked to inflammation/endothelial activation) in dialysis patients.
- A synbiotic supplement for inflammation and oxidative stress and lipid abnormalities in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 30821897
Synbiotic lowered hs‑CRP and oxidative stress marker (MDA) in hemodialysis patients (robust biomarker improvements).
- Impact of a short-term synbiotic supplementation on metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation in elderly patients: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32417946
60‑day synbiotic in elderly MetS reduced inflammatory markers alongside metabolic improvements (consistent anti‑inflammatory effect).
- Effects of Synbiotics and Probiotics Supplementation on Serum Levels of Endotoxin, Heat Shock Protein 70 Antibodies and Inflammatory Markers in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30617950
Robust 12‑week RCT in hemodialysis patients showed significant reductions in hs‑CRP, IL‑6 and endotoxin with synbiotic (strong evidence of reduced systemic inflammation).
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the serum endotoxin level, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes of adult patients with critical illness: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34462956
Synbiotic lowered serum endotoxin and reduced neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio in critically ill adults.
- Effect of synbiotic supplementation on migraine characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers in women with migraine: Results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33989763
Synbiotic reduced hs‑CRP and zonulin in women with migraine, showing reduced systemic inflammation and gut permeability.
- Effect of fructooligosaccharide on endothelial function in CKD patients: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33411910
FOS lowered IL‑6 and preserved endothelial function in a CKD subgroup, indicating anti‑inflammatory action.
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum adiponectin and inflammation status of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33404812
8‑week synbiotic increased adiponectin and significantly reduced TNF‑α and hs‑CRP in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors.
- Co-supplementation of camelina oil and a prebiotic is more effective for in improving cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health in patients with NAFLD: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34338703
Resistant dextrin (with camelina oil + calorie restriction) modestly improved insulin resistance and some inflammation markers in NAFLD.
- The Effect of ß-Glucan Prebiotic on Kidney Function, Uremic Toxins and Gut Microbiome in Stage 3 to 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Predialysis Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 35215453
β‑glucan reduced free uremic toxins in CKD (toxins drive systemic inflammation)—supports lower internal inflammatory burden.
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Rice Bran Intake on Microbiota Diversity, Enteric Dysfunction, and Fecal Secretory IgA in Malian and Nicaraguan Infants
PubMed ID: 35441218
Rice bran reduced EED biomarkers in infants, a marker of intestinal inflammation/enteropathy.
- Effect of Synbiotics in Reducing the Systemic Inflammatory Response and Septic Complications in Moderately Severe and Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Prospective Parallel-Arm Double-Blind Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 35857241
Synbiotic in severe acute pancreatitis reduced early leukocyte/neutrophil counts and shortened hospital stay (early inflammatory cell reduction).
- Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36173031
Significant reductions in fecal calprotectin and GI inflammation markers with synbiotic + diet.
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on regulatory T cells' response in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a randomized double-masked placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36409223
Synbiotic + diet markedly lowered fecal calprotectin (~60%) indicating reduced intestinal inflammation.
- Improvement of sleep by resistant dextrin prebiotic in type 2 diabetic women coincides with attenuation of metabolic endotoxemia: involvement of gut-brain axis
PubMed ID: 35306660
Resistant dextrin lowered endotoxin and inflammatory markers in obese women with T2D.
- Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37614109
Synbiotic reduced CRP and IFN-γ and increased IL-10 relative to placebo—strong anti-inflammatory signal.
- Modulating a prebiotic food source influences inflammation and immune-regulating gut microbes and metabolites: insights from the BE GONE trial
PubMed ID: 38040541
Navy bean intake shifted immune-related markers and metabolites consistent with reduced inflammation.
- Effects of a Synbiotic on Plasma Immune Activity Markers and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Children and Adults with ADHD-A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36904292
Synbiotic in ADHD produced subgroup reductions in some pro-inflammatory markers and increased propionic acid (SCFA).
- The effect of synbiotic adjunct therapy on clinical and paraclinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36602047
Synbiotic adjunct reduced IL-6 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients versus placebo.
- Effects of Synbiotic-Containing Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30) on the Cardiovascular Status of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Triple-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37640616
12‑week synbiotic in PCOS produced a small but significant CRP reduction (marker of systemic inflammation).
- Lactulose regulates gut microbiota dysbiosis and promotes short-chain fatty acids production in acute pancreatitis patients with intestinal dysfunction
PubMed ID: 37116350
Lactulose reduced inflammatory cytokines and permeability markers in acute pancreatitis.
- Probiotics combined with prebiotics alleviated seasonal allergic rhinitis by altering the composition and metabolic function of intestinal microbiota: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39555052
Synbiotic reduced IL‑17 and increased some Th1 cytokines in allergic rhinitis trial, reflecting reduced pro‑inflammatory signalling.
- Six-month randomized, placebo controlled trial of synbiotic supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing lifestyle modifications
PubMed ID: 39636391
Synbiotic in PCOS markedly lowered endotoxemia (LPS) and improved insulin—indirect anti‑inflammatory/metabolic effects.
- Efficacy of 1-Kestose Supplementation in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 39275204
1‑kestose reduced NLR/CRP and neutrophils while preserving lymphocytes and albumin in pancreatic cancer patients (pilot).
- Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39437223
Synbiotic reduced IL‑17A and SLE disease activity (randomized trial)—strong anti‑inflammatory signal.
- A Prebiotic-Supplemented Formula Improves Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammatory Microenvironment in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40939878
Prebiotic modestly raised anti‑inflammatory IL‑10 in colorectal adenoma patients (RCT).
- 2'-Fucosyllactose supplementation results in a transient improvement in gut microbial resilience after vancomycin use in adults with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention
PubMed ID: 41243448
2'‑FL produced a small decrease in plasma IL‑6 vs placebo after vancomycin (treatment*time p=0.041), suggesting modest anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Randomized double-blinded controlled trial on the effect of synbiotic supplementation on IL-17/IL-23 pathway and disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
PubMed ID: 35947039
12-week synbiotic in axSpA lowered IL‑17/IL‑23 cellular and gene expression markers (direct anti-inflammatory effect).
- Synbiotic supplementation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 24401715
Synbiotic supplementation in NAFLD significantly lowered ALT/AST, hsCRP and TNF‑α vs placebo over 28 weeks—strong anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Daily Consumption of Synbiotic Yogurt Decreases Liver Steatosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29931231
Daily synbiotic yogurt for 24 weeks reduced liver fat and improved liver enzymes in NAFLD, indicative of reduced organ inflammation.
- The effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32859329
B. coagulans + inulin reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammatory markers (TNF‑α, NF‑κB) in NAFLD patients.
- Camu-camu decreases hepatic steatosis and liver injury markers in overweight, hypertriglyceridemic individuals: A randomized crossover trial
PubMed ID: 39168095
Camu‑camu powder reduced MRI liver fat and transaminases in overweight subjects, indicating reduced hepatic inflammation.
- Impact of Synbiotic Intake on Liver Metabolism in Metabolically Healthy Participants and Its Potential Preventive Effect on Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 38732547
Synbiotic lowered ALT in healthy men and increased beneficial bacteria—suggestive preventive anti‑inflammatory liver effects.
- The effects of synbiotics on the liver steatosis, inflammation, and gut microbiome of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease patients-randomized trial
PubMed ID: 38421902
High‑dose synbiotic reduced liver steatosis and hs‑CRP in metabolic fatty liver disease—statistically significant anti‑inflammatory effects.
- Prebiotic UG1601 mitigates constipation-related events in association with gut microbiota: A randomized placebo-controlled intervention study
PubMed ID: 31686768
UG1601 significantly reduced circulating LPS and CD14 (endotoxemia markers), indicating reduced systemic inflammatory stimulus.
- Double blind randomized clinical trial controlled by placebo with an alpha linoleic acid and prebiotic enriched cookie on risk cardiovascular factor in obese patients
PubMed ID: 22470031
Inulin/FOS + ALA reduced CRP in obese subjects, indicating decreased systemic inflammation.
- An Exploratory Investigation of Endotoxin Levels in Novice Long Distance Triathletes, and the Effects of a Multi-Strain Probiotic/Prebiotic, Antioxidant Intervention
PubMed ID: 27869661
Synbiotic lowered resting endotoxin (LPS) and limited permeability increases around endurance exercise—reduced systemic inflammatory stimulus.
- Effects of an oral supplementation of germinated barley foodstuff on serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and -8 in patients with ulcerative colitis
PubMed ID: 21367884
Germinated barley lowered serum IL‑6 and IL‑8 in UC remission, showing clear reductions in inflammatory markers.
- [Combination of early nasojejunal feeding with modern synbiotic therapy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (prospective, randomized, double-blind study)]
PubMed ID: 16167471
Synbiotic feeding markedly reduced SIRS/MOF and late organ dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis, reflecting strong anti-inflammatory/clinical benefit.
- Yeast Beta-Glucan Supplementation Downregulates Markers of Systemic Inflammation after Heated Treadmill Exercise
PubMed ID: 32325856
Yeast beta-glucan reduced multiple post-exercise inflammatory cytokines and aided muscle recovery (clear anti-inflammatory effects).
- Clinical Outcomes after Oat Beta-Glucans Dietary Treatment in Gastritis Patients
PubMed ID: 34444949
Oat beta‑glucan increased stool SCFAs and modestly reduced gastric mucosal inflammatory infiltration and CRP in parts of the trial.
- Nutraceutical Blends Promote Weight Loss, Inflammation Reduction, and Better Sleep: The Role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Overweight Adults-A Double-Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 39981988
Nutraceutical blends decreased TNF-α and other inflammatory markers in overweight adults.
- Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) in combination with inulin modulates both the intestinal environment and immune status in healthy subjects, while XOS alone only shows prebiotic properties
PubMed ID: 22264499
INU+XOS lowered plasma LPS and decreased LPS-stimulated proinflammatory responses—reduced systemic endotoxin-driven inflammation.
- Synbiotic consumption changes the metabolism and composition of the gut microbiota in older people and modifies inflammatory processes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
PubMed ID: 23957631
Synbiotic in older adults increased butyrate and reduced peripheral TNF‑α (randomized crossover trial).
- The effects of prebiotics on microbial dysbiosis, butyrate production and immunity in HIV-infected subjects
PubMed ID: 28000678
Prebiotic supplementation in HIV correlated microbial shifts with declines in sCD14 and hsCRP—reduced inflammation markers.
- Reinforcement of intestinal epithelial barrier by arabinoxylans in overweight and obese subjects: A randomized controlled trial: Arabinoxylans in gut barrier
PubMed ID: 28214040
Arabinoxylan lowered TNF‑α production and raised fecal SCFAs in overweight adults (RCT).
- Synbiotic meal decreases uremic toxins in hemodialysis individuals: A placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30716942
Synbiotic meal reduced uremic toxins linked to systemic inflammation and increased fecal butyrate in hemodialysis patients.
- Effects of oral butyrate and inulin supplementation on inflammation-induced pyroptosis pathway in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32315958
Butyrate supplementation downregulated NLRP3 and IL-1β and increased antioxidant SOD in T2D—strong biomarker-level anti-inflammatory effects.
- Changes in Gut Microbiota and Systemic Inflammation after Synbiotic Supplementation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36359816
Synbiotic in SLE reduced hs‑CRP and IL‑6 and shifted microbiome toward butyrate functions (RCT).
- The prebiotic effects of soluble dietary fiber mixture on renal anemia and the gut microbiota in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 36517799
Prebiotic fiber increased serum butyrate and improved clinical endpoints in dialysis patients—supports reduced systemic inflammation.
- Effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 38865630
Adjunct regimen reduced IL‑6 and zonulin while increasing SCFAs—clear anti‑inflammatory signal (clinical study).
- Impact of Combined Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve-Derived Postbiotic on Gut Microbiota and HbA1c in Prediabetic Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 39064648
Prebiotic blend reduced LBP (endotoxemia marker) and improved glycemic indices—consistent with reduced inflammatory stimulus.
- Multi-species synbiotic supplementation increased fecal short chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in adult men with dyslipidemia; A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38631185
Multi‑species synbiotic increased fecal SCFAs and raised anti‑inflammatory IL‑10 in dyslipidemic men.
- Effects of multi-species synbiotic supplementation on circulating miR-27a, miR-33a levels and lipid parameters in adult men with dyslipidaemia; a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38684660
Synbiotic lowered specific miRNAs linked to lipid metabolism and raised HDL while increasing SCFAs—suggests anti-inflammatory/metabolic effects.
- The anti-inflammatory effects of three different dietary supplement interventions
PubMed ID: 41094562
Kefir+prebiotic mix reduced several inflammatory blood proteins and increased butyrate in a 6‑week trial.
- Enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism by probiotic and prebiotic intake promotes short-chain fatty acid production in the gut microbiome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
PubMed ID: 40366770
SCFA increases (acetate/propionate/butyrate) and microbiome shifts support an anti‑inflammatory gut milieu.
- [Influence of physical therapy on intestinal microbiota, blood pressure control and systemic inflammation level: a randomized controlled study of 84 patients with arterial hypertension]
PubMed ID: 40421856
Trial reported reductions in proinflammatory markers (IL‑1β, hsCRP) in some intervention arms—strongest direct evidence here.
- The Consumption of Synbiotic Bread Containing Lactobacillus sporogenes and Inulin Affects Nitric Oxide and Malondialdehyde in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26430929
Synbiotic bread decreased MDA (oxidative stress) and increased NO in T2DM—favorable inflammatory/oxidative biomarker changes.
- L-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36752775
L‑carnitine + synbiotic reduced several circulating inflammatory and oxidative‑stress markers in obese women.
- Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnitine Concomitant Supplementation on Atherogenic-Indices, Body Composition, Visceral Obesity, and Appetite in Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39921845
Synbiotic co‑supplementation improved cardiometabolic markers and was associated with reduced inflammatory indices.
- Effects of perioperative synbiotic treatment on infectious complications, intestinal integrity, and fecal flora and organic acids in hepatic surgery with or without cirrhosis
PubMed ID: 21527594
Perioperative synbiotic preserved intestinal integrity and reduced infectious complications—lower inflammatory burden post‑surgery.
- Beneficial effects of probiotic bifidobacterium and galacto-oligosaccharide in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 21525768
One‑year synbiotic reduced lavage MPO and colonoscopic inflammation scores in ulcerative colitis patients.
- A fermented formula in pre-term infants: clinical tolerance, gut microbiota, down-regulation of faecal calprotectin and up-regulation of faecal secretory IgA
PubMed ID: 21426607
Fermented preterm formula lowered faecal calprotectin (gut inflammation) and increased sIgA.
- Synbiotic Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 and n-3 PUFA Salt Composition Elevates Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Levels in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 38732601
SynΩ3 produced large rapid increases in pro‑resolving lipid mediator precursors (18‑HEPE/5‑HEPE) — strong biochemical signal for resolution of inflammation.
- Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides mitigate the adverse effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled study in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 28774885
GOS mitigated iron-driven enterocyte damage and reduced RTI incidence in infants, implying lower mucosal inflammation.
- The effect of date seed powder supplementation on anxiety- and depression-like behaviours, sleep quality and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: targeting gut-brain axis
PubMed ID: 41157892
Date seed powder reduced endotoxin and shifted cytokines (increased IL-10), showing reduced systemic inflammation markers.
- Synbiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, or peptide in early enteral nutrition: a randomized study in trauma patients
PubMed ID: 17308252
Synbiotic feeding reduced intestinal permeability and infections in trauma patients, consistent with lower systemic inflammatory burden.
- Synbiotic control of inflammation and infection in severe acute pancreatitis: a prospective, randomized, double blind study
PubMed ID: 17523328
Synbiotics in severe pancreatitis reduced inflammatory events, late organ failure and septic complications (clear anti-inflammatory clinical signal).
- Comparison of early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis with prebiotic fiber supplementation versus standard enteral solution: a prospective randomized double-blind study
PubMed ID: 17569144
Prebiotic-supplemented enteral feeding sped normalization of CRP and clinical recovery in pancreatitis.
- Chitin-glucan fiber effects on oxidized low-density lipoprotein: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22948945
Chitin-glucan reduced oxidized LDL (OxLDL), a marker related to oxidative/inflammatory status in hypercholesterolemic adults.
- Oligofructose-enriched inulin improves some inflammatory markers and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24332524
Oligofructose-enriched inulin reduced IL-6, TNF-α and plasma LPS in women with type 2 diabetes—strong anti-inflammatory/endotoxemia signal.
- [Efficacy of pectin in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome]
PubMed ID: 25809332
Pectin normalized IL-10/IL-12 cytokine balance in IBS-D, indicating an anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effect.
- Effects of supplementation with rice husk powder and rice bran on inflammatory factors in overweight and obese adults following an energy-restricted diet: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29063186
Rice bran/husk plus calorie restriction produced significantly greater reductions in hs‑CRP and IL‑6 vs control (randomized trial).
- Could resistant starch supplementation improve inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uremic toxins levels in hemodialysis patients? A pilot randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30468238
Resistant‑starch supplementation reduced IL‑6 and oxidative stress markers in hemodialysis patients (pilot RCT).
- Probiotic effects on immunity and microbiome in HIV-1 discordant patients
PubMed ID: 36569851
Synbiotic in HIV patients reduced markers of inflammation/translocation (sCD14, CRP/IL-6 trends).
Weight management (58)
- Differential effects of inulin and fructooligosaccharides on gut microbiota composition and glycemic metabolism in overweight/obese and healthy individuals: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 40598275
Inulin improved post-OGTT glucose AUC in overweight/obese subgroup—metabolic effect relevant to weight management.
- Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement on HbA1c, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory biomarkers in pre-diabetes: a pilot placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 38654680
Prebiotic improved insulin sensitivity and inflammation in prediabetes, changes that support metabolic weight control.
- Effect of prebiotic fiber on physical function and gut microbiota in adults, mostly women, with knee osteoarthritis and obesity: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38713231
Prebiotic fiber reduced trunk fat mass and improved functional outcomes in overweight adults with knee OA.
- Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Gut Microbial Profile among Overweight and Obese Hong Kong Chinese Individuals: A Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 37836532
Diet plus synbiotic significantly amplified weight loss and body-fat reductions versus diet or synbiotic alone.
- Nutritional Impact and Eating Pattern Changes in Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders after Health Education Program on Symbiotic Dietary Modulation Offered by Specialised Psychiatric Nursing-Two-Arm Randomised Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 36558548
Similar nutrition education produced clinically meaningful anthropometric improvements, though attribution to prebiotics is moderate.
- Impact of high prebiotic and probiotic dietary education in the SARS-CoV-2 era: improved cardio-metabolic profile in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
PubMed ID: 36510155
High pre/probiotic dietary education led to significant reductions in weight, BMI and waist circumference over six months.
- Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation in a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss Achievement and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 31298466
Synbiotic given during VLCKD was associated with greater percent weight loss and improved metabolic markers (pilot RCT associations).
- Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28228425
In overweight/obese children, inulin/oligofructose reduced buffet intake and produced small favorable BMI z‑score changes (per‑protocol).
- Probiotic With or Without Fiber Controls Body Fat Mass, Associated With Serum Zonulin, in Overweight and Obese Adults-Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 27810310
B420 (±polydextrose) significantly reduced total and trunk fat, waist circumference and energy intake in compliant participants—strong weight-control evidence.
- Diabetes Therapeutics of Prebiotic Soluble Dietary Fibre and Antioxidant Anthocyanin Supplement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40218856
Inulin/rice bran + anthocyanin lowered fasting glucose, HbA1c and LDL‑C which are favorable for metabolic/weight management.
- Combined effects of synbiotic and sitagliptin versus sitagliptin alone in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 29890569
Synbiotic added to sitagliptin improved fasting glucose and lipids in NAFLD, indicating beneficial metabolic effects that could support weight control.
- Effects of beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26209256
Synbiotic improved insulin/HOMA indices and triglycerides in T2DM, which can support weight/metabolic control.
- Nutraceutical blends predict enhanced health via microbiota reshaping improving cytokines and life quality: a Brazilian double-blind randomized trial
PubMed ID: 38750102
180-day nutraceutical reduced central adiposity and improved inflammation and microbiota—weight/waist benefits reported.
- Nutraceutical Blends Promote Weight Loss, Inflammation Reduction, and Better Sleep: The Role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Overweight Adults-A Double-Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 39981988
Nutraceutical blends containing prebiotics produced significant reductions in body weight and central adiposity over 90 days.
- Effect of prebiotic supplementation and calcium intake on body mass index
PubMed ID: 17719942
One‑year RCT showed modest but significant reductions in BMI and fat gain during puberty—direct weight‑control evidence.
- The effect of daily fortified yogurt consumption on weight loss in adults with metabolic syndrome: A 10-week randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29724529
Randomized trial: yogurt fortified with prebiotic fiber improved body fat loss, waist circumference and HOMA-IR vs plain yogurt—direct evidence for weight/ composition benefits.
- Beneficial Effects of a Freeze-Dried Kale Bar on Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39519473
Kale bars containing prebiotic carbs reduced HbA1c and produced small weight loss—weight effect modest and possibly from whole‑food matrix.
- Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37929031
Combined L‑carnitine + multi‑strain synbiotic produced clinically meaningful greater weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity versus L‑carnitine alone.
- Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnitine Concomitant Supplementation on Atherogenic-Indices, Body Composition, Visceral Obesity, and Appetite in Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39921845
L‑carnitine + synbiotic improved multiple adiposity and atherogenic indices—strong evidence for weight/adiposity benefits in this combined intervention.
- Resistant starch type 4-enriched diet lowered blood cholesterols and improved body composition in a double blind controlled cross-over intervention
PubMed ID: 24478107
RS4-enriched flour reduced total and non-HDL cholesterol and improved body composition measures and waist circumference in a community trial.
- The promising effects of a multi-species synbiotic preparation on metabolic profile in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 41413231
Multi‑species synbiotic modestly but significantly reduced body weight and fat mass vs placebo in older adults with T2DM (RCT).
- Gut Microbiota Shifts After a Weight Loss Program in Adults with Obesity: The WLM3P Study
PubMed ID: 40732984
Comprehensive weight‑loss program produced larger fat loss and favorable microbiota remodeling correlated with fat loss (multi‑component intervention).
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39385189
Synbiotics in antipsychotic‑treated patients reduced waist circumference, improved HbA1c and prevented BMI gain (randomized trial).
- Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose Ingestion on Weight Loss and Markers of Health
PubMed ID: 39408354
2′‑FL produced significantly greater fat loss and preserved lean mass during a diet/exercise program.
- The effect of a new developed synbiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic syndrome components in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39695092
Synbiotic yogurt improved fasting glucose/insulin resistance and some BP/WHR measures in metabolic syndrome.
- Effects of synbiotics surpass probiotics alone in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39719724
Synbiotic improved glycemic control (FBG, HbA1c) in T2D, supportive of metabolic control related to weight management.
- Effect of a Probiotic and a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass, Body Weight and Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Abdominal Overweight: A Human, Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study
PubMed ID: 37447365
L. fermentum probiotic (and synbiotic) modestly reduced body fat, weight and visceral fat and improved liver steatosis.
- Effect of a Multispecies Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Composition, Antioxidant Status, and Gut Microbiomes in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37111082
12-week multispecies synbiotic reduced waist circumference and body fat percentage in overweight/obese adults.
- Effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on ponderal and linear growth in severely malnourished young infants in a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36725893
B. infantis increased weight gain rates in severely malnourished infants—robust effect in underweight population.
- Effect of synbiotics on weight loss and metabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37424169
Large RCT: synbiotic supplements plus lifestyle changes significantly reduced BMI and body weight.
- An Infant Formula with Large, Milk Phospholipid-Coated Lipid Droplets Supports Adequate Growth and Is Well-Tolerated in Healthy, Term Asian Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35276993
Infant formula with prebiotics/postbiotics supported normal weight gain (appropriate weight control in infants).
- The effect of synbiotic and vitamin D co-supplementation on body composition and quality of life in middle-aged overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36513465
8-week synbiotic (with vitamin D) modestly reduced waist circumference, fat mass and visceral fat area in overweight/obese women.
- Supplementation of 1-Kestose Modulates the Gut Microbiota Composition to Ameliorate Glucose Metabolism in Obesity-Prone Hosts
PubMed ID: 34578862
1‑kestose modestly lowered fasting insulin and 2‑hour glucose in overweight/obese adults — favorable metabolic/weight implications.
- A partially hydrolyzed formula with synbiotics supports adequate growth and is well tolerated in healthy, Chinese term infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34626956
Synbiotic formula supported normal, equivalent infant weight gain — indicates appropriate weight outcomes with synbiotic fortification.
- The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Growth Parameters in Mild to Moderate FTT Children Aged 2-5 Years
PubMed ID: 30627885
Synbiotic increased weight gain and BMI in children with mild–moderate failure to thrive (beneficial in that context).
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome in military personnel: a double-blind randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32759229
8‑week synbiotic in military personnel with MetS modestly lowered BMI, fasting glucose and triglycerides (direct weight/BMI change).
- Impact of a short-term synbiotic supplementation on metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation in elderly patients: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32417946
60‑day synbiotic in elderly MetS reduced waist circumference and improved insulin/lipids (favors healthier weight distribution/metabolic control).
- Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiota and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali
PubMed ID: 31558739
Rice bran during weaning improved infant growth z‑scores in some settings — evidence for beneficial influence on growth/weight.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Appetite in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29672196
Synbiotic plus weight‑loss diet improved weight and BMI and incretin markers over 12 weeks (direct weight control benefit).
- The effects of probiotics and synbiotic supplementation on glucose and insulin metabolism in adults with prediabetes: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29931423
Synbiotic modestly improved glycemic markers in prediabetes which can support healthier weight trajectories over time.
- Probiotic or synbiotic alters the gut microbiota and metabolism in a randomised controlled trial of weight management in overweight adults
PubMed ID: 30525950
Polydextrose + B420 altered microbiota and plasma bile acids and associated with favorable body‑fat correlations in overweight adults (supportive evidence).
- Medically Graded Honey Supplementation Formula to Preterm Infants as a Prebiotic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28379925
Preterm infants had increased weight gain with added medical honey/prebiotic—context‑specific beneficial weight gain.
- Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota--a randomised controlled trial in obese postmenopausal women
PubMed ID: 26134388
Flaxseed mucilage improved insulin sensitivity in obese postmenopausal women — metabolic improvements relevant to weight control.
- Effects of synbiotic supplementation on lactating mothers' energy intake and BMI, and infants' growth
PubMed ID: 23480276
Maternal synbiotic prevented maternal weight loss and was associated with greater infant weight gain—direct weight-related outcomes in humans (maternal/infant context).
- A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults
PubMed ID: 23303873
GOS reduced insulin, triglycerides and TC:HDL ratio in overweight adults — metabolic changes supportive of weight control though adiposity not primary endpoint.
- The effects of synbiotic supplementation on some cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children: a randomized triple-masked controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23477506
Randomized trial in overweight children: synbiotic supplementation led to significant decreases in BMI Z-score and waist measures over 8 weeks (direct evidence of short‑term weight/adiposity benefit).
- Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and prebiotic oligosaccharide added to milk on iron status, anemia, and growth among children 1 to 4 years old
PubMed ID: 20601905
In preschoolers, fortified milk with prebiotics and B. lactis slightly increased weight gain (beneficial in underweight context).
- Effects of a novel synbiotic intervention on abdominal visceral fat reductions and gut microbiota in overweight and obese adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 41512635
12‑week synbiotic modestly reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT), especially in overweight men—direct effect on fat distribution.
- Physical activity enhances the improvement of body mass index and metabolism by inulin: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in obese individuals
PubMed ID: 35351144
Three‑month inulin produced meaningful weight/BMI reduction and improved insulin markers in obese subjects when combined with increased physical activity.
- Link between gut microbiota and health outcomes in inulin -treated obese patients: Lessons from the Food4Gut multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32340903
Three-month trial in obese patients found greater weight loss and lower insulinemia with inulin plus diet—clinically meaningful weight control effect.
- Clinical and psychological responses to synbiotic supplementation in obese or overweight adults: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31780038
Eight-week synbiotic lowered body weight in overweight adults versus placebo—moderate weight-control evidence (synbiotic).
- Prebiotics Reduce Body Fat and Alter Intestinal Microbiota in Children Who Are Overweight or With Obesity
PubMed ID: 28596023
Oligofructose in overweight children reduced percent body fat and trunk fat—direct body-composition benefit.
- Impact of prebiotic supplementation on T-cell subsets and their related cytokines, anthropometric features and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26860809
Oligofructose-enriched inulin in T2D produced modest weight loss and improved metabolic/inflammatory markers (consistent RCT evidence of beneficial weight-related change).
- Improved growth of toddlers fed a milk containing synbiotics
PubMed ID: 21393113
Toddlers fed synbiotic milk gained slightly more weight (beneficial weight gain in infants; synbiotic confound).
- Lactobacillus gasseri [corrected] CHO-220 and inulin reduced plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol via alteration of lipid transporters
PubMed ID: 20965319
Synbiotic (L. gasseri + inulin) reduced total and LDL cholesterol over 12 weeks—metabolic improvement supportive of weight/health goals.
- Standardized Hibiscus-Inulin Shot Lowers Lipid-Glucose Indices in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: 8-Week Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 41305605
Hibiscus + inulin reduced composite lipid–glucose indices (AIP, TyG) in overweight/obese adults—favors metabolic health.
- Prebiotic supplementation modulates advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), and cardiometabolic risk factors through improving metabolic endotoxemia: a randomized-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31728681
Resistant dextrin reduced fasting glucose and triglycerides and lowered endotoxin/inflammation—metabolic improvements supportive of weight control.
- Effects of combined prebiotic fiber supplementation and weight loss counseling in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40172664
Oligofructose‑enriched inulin reduced trunk fat (body composition) when added to diet counseling in MASLD patients.
Nutrient uptake (48)
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of the synbiotic medical food, SBD111, for the clinical dietary management of bone loss in menopausal women
PubMed ID: 40815418
Synbiotic medical food modestly reduced bone loss in certain subgroups (femoral neck/total hip BMD increases in osteopenic/obese women), implying some benefit to bone/mineral status.
- Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Fructo-Oligosaccharides, but Not Acacia Gum, Increase Iron Absorption from a Single High-Dose Ferrous Fumarate Supplement in Iron-Depleted Women
PubMed ID: 35015879
GOS and FOS increased fractional iron absorption by ~45–51% in iron‑depleted women—strong direct evidence for improved mineral uptake.
- The effect of enriched chicory inulin on liver enzymes, calcium homeostasis and hematological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26872721
Chicory inulin raised serum calcium and improved glycemic/liver markers in T2DM women, indicating improved calcium uptake/metabolism.
- Intestinal Permeability in Children with Celiac Disease after the Administration of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin into a Gluten-Free Diet-Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Trial
PubMed ID: 32531982
Oligofructose‑inulin increased mannitol excretion (absorptive surface marker) in celiac children, suggesting improved absorption capacity.
- Diabetes Therapeutics of Prebiotic Soluble Dietary Fibre and Antioxidant Anthocyanin Supplement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 40218856
Inulin/rice bran + anthocyanin supplement produced metabolic improvements and nutrient-related changes in T2DM patients.
- Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10TM), inulin, and micronutrient fortified milk on faecal DR10TM, immune markers, and maternal micronutrients among Indonesian pregnant women
PubMed ID: 28027638
Fortified milk with prebiotic/probiotic increased biochemical markers (vitamin B1, zinc, DHA) vs control in pregnant women.
- The prebiotic effects of soluble dietary fiber mixture on renal anemia and the gut microbiota in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 36517799
Well‑powered RCT showed large increases in hemoglobin and serum Fe2+ linked to higher serum butyrate—direct evidence of improved mineral uptake.
- Effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 38865630
Combined therapy reduced gut permeability (zonulin) and increased SCFAs—supports improved mucosal function and absorption.
- A combination of prebiotic short- and long-chain inulin-type fructans enhances calcium absorption and bone mineralization in young adolescents
PubMed ID: 16087995
Direct evidence: inulin‑type fructans increased fractional calcium absorption significantly in adolescents.
- [Randomised placebo controlled double blind study on the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on intestinal flora in healthy infants]
PubMed ID: 16408384
Infant formula with prebiotics produced healthy growth and flora more like breast‑fed infants—indirect support for normal absorption.
- Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial
PubMed ID: 23507173
5 g/day GOS significantly increased fractional calcium absorption and raised fecal bifidobacteria in adolescent girls—strong direct evidence.
- Stool fatty acid soaps, stool consistency and gastrointestinal tolerance in term infants fed infant formulas containing high sn-2 palmitate with or without oligofructose: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25373935
Oligofructose reduced fecal calcium and fatty-acid soaps in infants—consistent with improved colonic mineral uptake.
- A pilot study of synbiotic supplementation on breast milk mineral concentrations and growth of exclusively breast fed infants
PubMed ID: 25744506
Maternal synbiotic maintained or slightly increased breastmilk mineral concentrations versus declines in placebo—suggests improved availability to infants.
- Beneficial Effect of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin on Vitamin D and E Status in Children with Celiac Disease on a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet: A Preliminary Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Nutritional Intervention Study
PubMed ID: 30445682
Oligofructose-enriched inulin raised plasma vitamin D and E in children with celiac disease—evidence of improved uptake of fat-soluble micronutrients.
- Daily oligofructose-enriched inulin intake impacts bone turnover markers but not the cytokine profile in pediatric patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: Results of a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 30840918
Prebiotic changed bone turnover markers favorably in celiac children—supports improved mineral/bone metabolism.
- Daily Intake of a Functional Synbiotic Yogurt Increases Calcium Absorption in Young Adult Women
PubMed ID: 35411924
Synbiotic yogurt (inulin+L. rhamnosus) increased markers of colonic calcium absorption in majority of participants.
- Effect of soluble corn fibre and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in preadolescent Malaysian children-a double-blind randomised controlled trial (PREBONE-Kids Study)
PubMed ID: 36808216
Soluble corn fiber with/without calcium produced short‑term bone gains in children (some evidence of enhanced calcium utilization).
- A young child formula with Limosilactobacillus reuteri and GOS modulates gut microbiome and enhances bone and muscle development: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 41387706
Toddler synbiotic (GOS+L. reuteri) improved bone quality and handgrip—consistent with improved mineral/metabolic outcomes.
- Evaluation of Lactocare® Synbiotic Administration on the Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements Levels in Psoriasis Patients: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Study
PubMed ID: 34845600
Multi-strain synbiotic increased serum iron, zinc and calcium in psoriasis patients (randomized trial).
- Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides mitigate the adverse effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled study in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 28774885
GOS added to low-dose iron powder corrected anemia and avoided iron-related microbiome harms—strong evidence for improved iron uptake.
- Dietary inulin affects the morphology but not the sodium-dependent glucose and glutamine transport in the jejunum of broilers
PubMed ID: 17179425
Animal (broiler) study: inulin increased jejunal villus length/crypt depth (morphologic changes consistent with increased absorptive capacity).
- Evaluation of the chicory inulin efficacy on ameliorating the intestinal morphology and modulating the intestinal electrophysiological properties in broiler chickens
PubMed ID: 20579180
Broiler (chicken) trial: inulin changed intestinal villus morphology and electrogenic glucose transport (animal evidence for altered absorption).
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Supplementation with Prebiotic Synergy 1 on Iron Homeostasis in Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease Treated with a Gluten-Free Diet
PubMed ID: 30469412
Marked decrease in serum hepcidin after oligofructose-enriched inulin indicates increased iron availability and therefore improved mineral uptake potential.
- Three-arm clinical trial of improved flour targeting intestinal microbiota (MALINEA)
PubMed ID: 38599819
In malnourished children prebiotic flour modestly increased recovery by less‑strict criteria, suggesting better overall nutrient recuperation.
- Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and prebiotic oligosaccharide added to milk on iron status, anemia, and growth among children 1 to 4 years old
PubMed ID: 20601905
Large community RCT: milk with B. lactis + prebiotics lowered iron deficiency/anemia risk and slightly increased growth — indirect evidence of better nutrient uptake.
- Consumption of Galacto-Oligosaccharides Increases Iron Absorption from Ferrous Fumarate: A Stable Iron Isotope Study in Iron-Depleted Young Women
PubMed ID: 31004135
Stable‑isotope study: GOS substantially increased absorption of ferrous fumarate (large, reproducible effect).
- Maternal Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Modulates the Impact of an Intervention with Iron and Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Kenyan Infants
PubMed ID: 31671757
Nested trial: addition of GOS to infant iron supplementation improved iron stores in specific maternal‑HMO subgroups, supporting absorption effects.
- The effects of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose, galacto-oligosaccharides, and maternal human milk oligosaccharide profile on iron absorption in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 36789945
Well‑designed infant crossover: 3.0 g GOS increased iron absorption by ~78% — strong direct evidence.
- Prebiotics increase iron absorption and reduce the adverse effects of iron on the gut microbiome and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial using iron stable isotopes in Kenyan infants
PubMed ID: 38042412
Large infant RCT showed clear increases in fractional iron absorption and concurrent microbiota/inflammation improvements.
- Iron absorption and loss, and efficacy of iron supplementation with and without prebiotics in children with virally suppressed HIV: three prospective studies in South Africa
PubMed ID: 41233303
Integrated studies and an RCT showed that adding GOS to iron improved ferritin response to supplementation in children with HIV.
- Synbiotic therapy reduces the pathological gram-negative rods caused by an increased acetic acid concentration in the gut
PubMed ID: 22576712
Enteral‑fed patients showed big increases in bifidobacteria and acetate with lower pH — acidic SCFA environment is plausibly favorable for mineral (and some nutrient) solubility/uptake (indirect evidence).
- Prebiotics for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates
PubMed ID: 26513278
Preterm infants reached full enteral feeds more often — suggests improved feeding tolerance and potential nutrient uptake.
- Medically Graded Honey Supplementation Formula to Preterm Infants as a Prebiotic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28379925
Addition of medical honey to preterm feeds (with prebiotic effects) increased weight gain and increased bifidobacteria—consistent with improved nutrient utilization in preterms.
- Hydrolyzed Formula With Reduced Protein Content Supports Adequate Growth: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
PubMed ID: 29216020
Low‑protein hydrolyzed formulas with synbiotics supported normal early infant growth (safety/adequacy suggests preserved nutrient uptake).
- Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiota and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali
PubMed ID: 31558739
Rice bran during weaning improved infant growth and reduced gut permeability marker (AAT) — suggests improved nutrient uptake/absorption.
- A Partly Fermented Infant Formula with Postbiotics Including 3'-GL, Specific Oligosaccharides, 2'-FL, and Milk Fat Supports Adequate Growth, Is Safe and Well-Tolerated in Healthy Term Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled, Multi-Country Trial
PubMed ID: 33233658
Large infant growth‑equivalence trial: formula with oligosaccharides and postbiotics supported normal weight gain and tolerance (consistent with adequate nutrient uptake).
- The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Growth Parameters in Mild to Moderate FTT Children Aged 2-5 Years
PubMed ID: 30627885
Synbiotic in failure‑to‑thrive children increased monthly weight gain and BMI — consistent with improved nutrient uptake/utilization.
- A partially hydrolyzed formula with synbiotics supports adequate growth and is well tolerated in healthy, Chinese term infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34626956
Synbiotic‑containing formula supported normal growth comparable to control and breastfeeding, implying adequate nutrient absorption.
- The effects of synbiotic supplementation on enteral feeding tolerance, protein homeostasis, and muscle wasting of critically ill adult patients: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36195945
ICU synbiotic preserved markers of muscle mass and nitrogen balance vs decline, suggesting improved effective nutrient utilization/retention.
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Rice Bran Intake on Microbiota Diversity, Enteric Dysfunction, and Fecal Secretory IgA in Malian and Nicaraguan Infants
PubMed ID: 35441218
Rice bran reduced EED biomarkers and accelerated microbiota maturation in infants—improves gut health that can support nutrient absorption.
- An Infant Formula with Large, Milk Phospholipid-Coated Lipid Droplets Supports Adequate Growth and Is Well-Tolerated in Healthy, Term Asian Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35276993
Infant formula with added prebiotics/postbiotics supported normal weight gain (implies adequate nutrient uptake/absorption).
- Early-life fecal microbiome and metabolome dynamics in response to an intervention with infant formula containing specific prebiotics and postbiotics
PubMed ID: 35348015
Prebiotics/postbiotics shifted fecal metabolome and microbiota toward breastfed pattern, consistent with functional gains that may support absorption.
- Effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on ponderal and linear growth in severely malnourished young infants in a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36725893
B. infantis increased rate of weight gain in severely malnourished infants, consistent with improved nutrient utilization/absorption.
- Effect of a Probiotic and a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass, Body Weight and Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Abdominal Overweight: A Human, Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study
PubMed ID: 37447365
Probiotic/synbiotic improved body composition and liver steatosis, implying metabolic and possibly absorptive effects.
- Lactulose regulates gut microbiota dysbiosis and promotes short-chain fatty acids production in acute pancreatitis patients with intestinal dysfunction
PubMed ID: 37116350
Lactulose increased SCFAs and improved intestinal recovery in acute pancreatitis, suggesting improved gut function/absorption.
- Effects of synbiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and full enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39287261
Reduced feeding intolerance and faster progression to full feeds in VLBW infants implies improved feeding/tolerance and absorption.
- Efficacy of 1-Kestose Supplementation in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 39275204
1‑kestose preserved serum albumin during chemotherapy, suggesting maintained nutritional status / uptake.
- The Effect of Prebiotics and Probiotics (Synbiotics) on Weight Loss and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Individuals
PubMed ID: 40192559
Synbiotic plus diet increased vitamin B12 and D levels vs baseline, implying improved micronutrient status/absorption.
Bloating & gas (38)
- Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 19053980
GOS reduced bloating and flatulence in IBS at 3.5 g/day.
- A yeast fermentate improves gastrointestinal discomfort and constipation by modulation of the gut microbiome: results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial
PubMed ID: 28870194
In a subgroup, the yeast fermentate significantly improved bloating/feeling full and overall GI symptom scores.
- Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 32314514
IBS trial reported reduced symptom severity with inulin (control) akin to Aloe, indicating reduced bloating in many participants.
- An Exploratory Investigation of Endotoxin Levels in Novice Long Distance Triathletes, and the Effects of a Multi-Strain Probiotic/Prebiotic, Antioxidant Intervention
PubMed ID: 27869661
Synbiotic limited GI symptoms around endurance exercise including cramping/bloating.
- β-Galactooligosaccharide in Conjunction With Low FODMAP Diet Improves Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms but Reduces Fecal Bifidobacteria
PubMed ID: 32433273
Symptom relief in IBS trial likely includes reductions in bloating with LFD+B‑GOS intervention.
- A double-blind, 377-subject randomized study identifies Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Christensenella, and Collinsella as long-term potential key players in the modulation of the gut microbiome of lactose intolerant individuals by galacto-oligosaccharides
PubMed ID: 34365905
GOS improved symptoms in lactose‑intolerant adults, a population with bloating complaints.
- Daily consumption of galactooligosaccharide gummies ameliorates constipation symptoms, gut dysbiosis, degree of depression and quality of life among sedentary university teaching staff: A double-blind randomized placebo control clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37751049
GOS gummies improved constipation and overall GI comfort, which commonly reduces bloating.
- Inulin-induced improvements on bowel habit and gut microbiota in adults with functional constipation: findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 41233756
Improved constipation symptoms and PAC‑QOL suggest reductions in abdominal discomfort/bloating.
- Growth and tolerance of infants fed formula supplemented with polydextrose (PDX) and/or galactooligosaccharides (GOS): double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22676715
PDX/GOS reduced gas incidence in infants versus control, implying less gas/bloating.
- Improving lactose digestion and symptoms of lactose intolerance with a novel galacto-oligosaccharide (RP-G28): a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24330605
RP-G28 reduced breath hydrogen and abdominal pain in lactose-intolerant adults—consistent with less fermentation-related bloating.
- Effect of consumption of chicory inulin on bowel function in healthy subjects with constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 27492975
Inulin softened stools and improved constipation, which commonly reduces bloating.
- A fermented formula in pre-term infants: clinical tolerance, gut microbiota, down-regulation of faecal calprotectin and up-regulation of faecal secretory IgA
PubMed ID: 21426607
Fermented preterm formula produced less abdominal distension in infants — direct reduction in bloating/abdominal tension.
- High-fibre diet and Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease
PubMed ID: 23139608
Symbiotic + high-fiber provided additional, statistically significant improvement in bloating compared with fiber alone.
- [Efficacy of pectin in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome]
PubMed ID: 25809332
Pectin in IBS-D improved composite symptoms and stool form; bloating was a measured symptom component that improved.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Efficacy of Opuntia ficus-indica Prebiotic Supplementation in Subjects with Gut Dysbiosis
PubMed ID: 38474715
Opuntia prebiotic improved GIQLI/GSAS which include bloating-related items.
- Tolerability and efficacy of an enteral formula containing partially hydrolyzed guar gum in patients following gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 41483486
PHGG reduced abdominal distension (objective trial outcome).
- A randomised, placebo-controlled trial in healthy humans of modified cellulose or psyllium evaluating the role of gelation in altering colonic gas production during inulin co-administration
PubMed ID: 41636227
Psyllium co‑administered with inulin delayed early fermentation peaks and increased OCTT, reducing early gas peaks that can cause bloating.
- Efficacy and safety of Gelsectan for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomised, crossover clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31662866
IBS-D participants reported reductions in bloating alongside stool normalization—direct symptomatic improvement.
- A randomized trial of inulin for bowel symptoms, depression and quality of life in constipation predominant IBS
PubMed ID: 41034384
IBS‑SSS improvements with inulin include reductions in bloating/abdominal discomfort in IBS‑C patients.
- A new chance of preventing winter diseases by the administration of synbiotic formulations
PubMed ID: 18685511
Synbiotic program recorded reduced bloating and improved bowel symptoms across seasons.
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Multi-Species Synbiotic Supplementation for Bloating, Gas, and Abdominal Discomfort
PubMed ID: 41599868
RCT reported statistically and clinically significant reductions in bloating/gas versus placebo.
- Effects and Persistence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 and Fructooligosaccharides on Older Adults with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40499217
Faster transit and increased bowel movements in constipated older adults likely reduce bloating.
- Effectiveness of a Balanced Nine-Strain Synbiotic in Primary-Care Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients-A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38794741
Large IBS trial reported marked improvements in bloating among other symptoms.
- Do Herbal Supplements and Probiotics Complement Antibiotics and Diet in the Management of SIBO? A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 38613116
Adjunct natural therapies improved symptoms in methane‑predominant SIBO, often presenting with bloating.
- Faecal and urine metabolites, but not gut microbiota, may predict response to low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome
PubMed ID: 37313992
B‑GOS arm increased symptom relief in IBS (bloating is common IBS symptom).
- Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36173031
Synbiotic + diet improved GI symptoms in progressive MS; abdominal symptom relief may encompass bloating.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Multi-Strain Synbiotic in Patients with Functional Diarrhea and High Fecal Calprotectin Levels: A Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 36501047
Functional-diarrhea synbiotic improved stool form and satisfaction; may reduce related bloating symptoms.
- Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 35611667
IBS synbiotic improved abdominal pain and global symptoms; abdominal symptom benefit often includes reduced bloating.
- Effects of a nine-strain bacterial synbiotic compared to simethicone in colicky babies - an open-label randomised study
PubMed ID: 33765904
Synbiotic markedly reduced colic-related crying, implying reduced abdominal discomfort/bloating in infants.
- An Innovative Synbiotic Formulation Decreases Free Serum Indoxyl Sulfate, Small Intestine Permeability and Ameliorates Gastrointestinal Symptoms in a Randomized Pilot Trial in Stage IIIb-IV CKD Patients
PubMed ID: 34063068
Improvement in abdominal pain and some bowel symptoms reported in CKD patients after synbiotic.
- The Effectiveness of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Probiotic Strains and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Patients with Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 32635661
IBS‑D RCT showed significant reductions in flatulence severity at 4 and 8 weeks with synbiotic vs placebo.
- Lacto-fermented sauerkraut improves symptoms in IBS patients independent of product pasteurisation - a pilot study
PubMed ID: 30256365
Sauerkraut supplementation improved IBS symptoms (which often include bloating) in a pilot trial.
- Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence
PubMed ID: 30109908
B‑GOS® produced rapid, significant reductions in bloating and flatulence in functional bowel patients.
- Effects of Prebiotics vs a Diet Low in FODMAPs in Patients With Functional Gut Disorders
PubMed ID: 29964041
Prebiotic reduced several gut symptoms and shifted gas‑associated taxa (Bilophila) versus low‑FODMAP; symptom relief included gas/flatulence domains.
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation
PubMed ID: 30388751
FOS reduced straining and sped transit in infants; softer stools and faster transit can reduce bloating/discomfort.
- Impact of short-chain galactooligosaccharides on the gut microbiome of lactose-intolerant individuals
PubMed ID: 28049818
GOS increased lactose‑fermenting bacteria and correlated with improved lactose tolerance, which commonly reduces bloating in lactose intolerance.
- Resolution of acute gastroenteritis symptoms in children and adults treated with a novel polyphenol-based prebiotic
PubMed ID: 25232265
Aliva markedly reduced gas and bloating from 2 h through 5 days in a large RCT — strong direct evidence.
- Effect of banana consumption on faecal microbiota: a randomised, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21524710
Two bananas/day (source of prebiotic fibers) significantly reduced self-reported bloating in healthy women.
Acne (18)
- Probiotics and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in the prevention of allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17208601
Maternal/infant probiotic+prebiotic supplementation reduced eczema incidence and tended to lower IgE-mediated disease.
- Prebiotics and synbiotics: two promising approaches for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children above 2 years
PubMed ID: 16512804
Children with moderate-severe atopic dermatitis improved over 3 months with prebiotics or synbiotics (clinical symptom reduction).
- A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age
PubMed ID: 16873437
Large RCT: prebiotic-supplemented formula halved incidence of atopic dermatitis (clear, clinically meaningful skin benefit).
- Early dietary intervention with a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of allergic manifestations and infections during the first two years of life
PubMed ID: 18492839
Early scGOS/lcFOS supplementation reduced atopic dermatitis incidence in infants.
- A specific mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides induces a beneficial immunoglobulin profile in infants at high risk for allergy
PubMed ID: 18507650
GOS/FOS lowered total and cow's-milk-specific antibody levels relevant to allergic manifestations (skin).
- Probiotics prevent IgE-associated allergy until age 5 years in cesarean-delivered children but not in the total cohort
PubMed ID: 19135235
Perinatal synbiotic reduced IgE-associated allergic disease in cesarean-delivered subgroup—some protection against allergic skin disease.
- Effect of a new synbiotic mixture on atopic dermatitis in infants: a randomized-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20184604
Synbiotic changed gut bacteria strongly and improved dermatitis in IgE-associated subgroup—support for skin benefit in allergic phenotype.
- Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Treating Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Infants with Polyvalent Allergic Sensitisation
PubMed ID: 41686508
Synbiotic topical+oral regimen rapidly reduced eczema severity/pruritus and improved QoL with concordant immune and microbiome shifts—direct skin benefit.
- Synbiotics supplement is effective for Melasma improvement
PubMed ID: 33474815
12‑week oral synbiotic produced a small but statistically significant improvement in melasma severity.
- Probiotic as an adjuvant therapy in chronic urticaria: a blinded randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33939347
Synbiotic added to antihistamine therapy produced larger reductions in urticaria activity and improved dermatology QoL.
- Effects of Yeast Mannan Which Promotes Beneficial Bacteroides on the Intestinal Environment and Skin Condition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 33260560
Randomized trial of yeast‑derived mannan reduced fecal putrefactive metabolites and improved self‑reported skin dryness (objective cheek hydration in subgroup).
- Effect of oral administration of Triphala, a polyphenol-rich prebiotic, on scalp sebum in patients with scalp seborrhea a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32698634
Triphala (polyphenol‑rich prebiotic herbal) modestly reduced scalp oiliness and increased patient satisfaction vs placebo.
- Age-associated effect of kestose on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and symptoms in the atopic dermatitis infants
PubMed ID: 27537603
Kestose increased F. prausnitzii and correlated with improved SCORAD in older children.
- Early neutral prebiotic oligosaccharide supplementation reduces the incidence of some allergic manifestations in the first 5 years of life
PubMed ID: 23158515
Early infant prebiotic mix reduced atopic dermatitis incidence up to age 5, indicating a durable benefit for skin allergy outcomes.
- Non-digestible oligosaccharides reduce immunoglobulin free light-chain concentrations in infants at risk for allergy
PubMed ID: 21771085
scGOS/lcFOS formula lowered Ig-free light chains linked to allergy risk, correlated with lower AD incidence—mechanistic support for clearer skin.
- Lactobacillus salivarius plus fructo-oligosaccharide is superior to fructo-oligosaccharide alone for treating children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of efficacy and safety
PubMed ID: 21895621
Adding Lactobacillus salivarius to FOS improved eczema severity and reduced medication needs in children, implying clearer skin outcomes from synbiotic therapy.
- Reduced occurrence of early atopic dermatitis because of immunoactive prebiotics among low-atopy-risk infants
PubMed ID: 20832848
Large RCT: prebiotic-supplemented infant formula reduced first-year atopic dermatitis incidence (absolute −4.0 percentage points).
- Efficacy of a retinoid complex plus anti-inflammatory component cream alone or in combination with prebiotic food supplement in adult acne: A randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, multicenter trial on 184 women
PubMed ID: 35545875
Rando mized trial in adult female acne showed oral prebiotic/anti‑inflammatory supplement added to topical therapy produced greater reductions in inflammatory lesions.
Mood balance (19)
- The effects of co-administration of probiotics and prebiotics on chronic inflammation, and depression symptoms in patients with coronary artery diseases: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33641656
Inulin + probiotic lowered depression scores and LPS/CRP in CAD patients; effect is strong but attribution to prebiotic alone is uncertain.
- Clinical and psychological responses to synbiotic supplementation in obese or overweight adults: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31780038
Synbiotic capsules reduced self-reported stress/anxiety/depression in an RCT—psychological benefit plausibly linked to prebiotic component.
- Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre blend on inflammation, the gut microbiota and affective symptoms in metabolic syndrome: a pilot open-label randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39411833
Diverse prebiotic significantly reduced perceived stress and depression/anxiety scores in metabolic‑syndrome participants.
- The effect of date seed powder supplementation on anxiety- and depression-like behaviours, sleep quality and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: targeting gut-brain axis
PubMed ID: 41157892
Date seed powder produced improvements in anxiety/depression scores and favorable tryptophan–kynurenine shifts.
- Daily consumption of galactooligosaccharide gummies ameliorates constipation symptoms, gut dysbiosis, degree of depression and quality of life among sedentary university teaching staff: A double-blind randomized placebo control clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37751049
GOS gummies significantly reduced depression scores and improved QoL in a randomized trial.
- Anti-inflammatory-antioxidant modifications and synbiotics improved health-related conditions in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: A single-center, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37651846
Large symptomatic benefits (fatigue, pain) in progressive MS may include mood improvements.
- A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (RECOVERY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38071990
SIM01 improved cognition and symptoms that relate to mood/cognitive function in long COVID patients.
- Effect of gut microbiome modulation on muscle function and cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38424099
Prebiotic improved cognitive/memory measures in older adults (mood/cognition domain overlap).
- Efficacy of a synbiotic in the management of adults with Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Borderline Personality Disorder and high levels of irritability: Results from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, "basket" trial
PubMed ID: 38885746
Large RCT showed reduced irritability and improvements in emotional dysregulation and attention.
- Indicators of improved emotion behavior in 6-14-year-old children following a 4-week placebo controlled prebiotic supplement intervention at home with a parent
PubMed ID: 40025494
GOS supplementation in children led to small‑to‑moderate reductions in trait anxiety and depression scores with some persistence—direct mood benefit.
- Prebiotic effect on mood in obese patients is determined by the initial gut microbiota composition: A randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33515740
Three‑month inulin improved some mood/cognitive measures in obese patients, especially in a microbiota‑defined responder subgroup.
- Inulin-type fructans and 2'fucosyllactose alter both microbial composition and appear to alleviate stress-induced mood state in a working population compared to placebo (maltodextrin): the EFFICAD Trial, a randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37657523
Well‑powered RCT: oligofructose (±2'FL) produced large, clinically significant reductions in BDI and anxiety and reduced CAR with strong bifidogenic effect.
- Randomized controlled trial evaluating synbiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 40434674
Synbiotic adjunct in PD improved non‑motor symptoms and increased BDNF, implying potential neuropsychiatric/mood benefits.
- A microbiome-targeting fibre-enriched nutritional formula is well tolerated and improves quality of life and haemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36594522
Prebiotic nutritional formula improved diabetes distress and QoL in an RCT.
- A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of synbiotic versus probiotic or prebiotic treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis
PubMed ID: 19201576
Synbiotic improved QoL (IBDQ) and systemic/social domains in UC—mood component plausible.
- Effect of synbiotic and probiotic supplementation on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level, depression and anxiety symptoms in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31379269
Synbiotic improved depression scores (HADS‑DEP) and increased serum BDNF in depressed hemodialysis patients — direct mood benefit.
- The Effects of an Infant Formula Enriched with Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Synbiotics on Child Behavior up to 2.5 Years Old: The COGNIS Study
PubMed ID: 33333767
Enriched infant formula (including prebiotics among many components) associated with fewer affective/internalizing problems at 2.5 years (behavioral proxy for mood).
- Consumption of 85% cocoa dark chocolate improves mood in association with gut microbial changes in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34530112
Daily 85% dark chocolate reduced negative affect and increased gut microbial diversity in young adults (polyphenol prebiotic effect).
- Feed your microbes to deal with stress: a psychobiotic diet impacts microbial stability and perceived stress in a healthy adult population
PubMed ID: 36289300
Psychobiotic diet RCT produced a robust reduction in perceived stress, a key mood-related outcome.
Energy & Fatigue (16)
- Synbiotic supplement for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in haemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36745046
Synbiotic improved hemoglobin and iron indices in haemodialysis patients, which can reduce fatigue from anemia.
- The effects of synbiotic supplementation on enteral feeding tolerance, protein homeostasis, and muscle wasting of critically ill adult patients: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36195945
Maintenance of muscle mass and improved early nutrition in critically ill patients could reduce fatigue (indirect evidence).
- Anti-inflammatory-antioxidant modifications and synbiotics improved health-related conditions in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: A single-center, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37651846
Synbiotics plus anti-inflammatory diet produced a large reduction in fatigue in progressive MS patients.
- The effects of synbiotics supplementation on reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects in women with breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37752516
Synbiotic reduced fatigue scores in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
- A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (RECOVERY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38071990
SIM01 synbiotic improved fatigue in a large RCT of long COVID patients.
- Iron absorption and loss, and efficacy of iron supplementation with and without prebiotics in children with virally suppressed HIV: three prospective studies in South Africa
PubMed ID: 41233303
GOS plus iron produced greater ferritin response in children, which can translate to improved energy via better iron stores.
- Comparison of the Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation on the Immune Function of Male University Football Players
PubMed ID: 36904156
Synbiotic enhanced post-exercise lactate clearance and reduced URTI, consistent with improved recovery/subjective tiredness.
- Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and prebiotic oligosaccharide added to milk on iron status, anemia, and growth among children 1 to 4 years old
PubMed ID: 20601905
Reduced anemia in children likely lowers fatigue and tiredness — large RCT evidence.
- Prebiotics improve frailty status in community-dwelling older individuals in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39286985
Prebiotic mix notably reduced exhaustion in older adults (frailty measures) — strong evidence for reduced tiredness.
- Inulin-type fructans and 2'fucosyllactose alter both microbial composition and appear to alleviate stress-induced mood state in a working population compared to placebo (maltodextrin): the EFFICAD Trial, a randomized, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37657523
Oligofructose trials reduced CAR and improved mood and anxiety; such psychophysiologic changes can reduce perceived tiredness/sleepiness.
- Immune status, well-being and gut microbiota in military supplemented with synbiotic ice cream and submitted to field training: a randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33593462
Synbiotic during military field training reduced tenseness and sleepiness, suggesting improved subjective energy/alertness.
- Can a Prebiotic Formulation Reduce Frailty Levels in Older People?
PubMed ID: 30734832
Reduction in frailty index in nursing-home residents implies potential reductions in fatigue/tiredness as part of improved function.
- The prebiotic effects of soluble dietary fiber mixture on renal anemia and the gut microbiota in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 36517799
Large hemoglobin and iron improvements in dialysis patients strongly predict reductions in fatigue.
- Beneficial Effects of a Freeze-Dried Kale Bar on Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39519473
Kale bars (fiber/prebiotic content) improved HbA1c and insulin resistance with small weight loss—may increase energy via better glycemic control.
- Effects of Prebiotic Yeast Mannan on Gut Health and Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 38201970
Yeast‑mannan increased deep sleep (N3) which often reduces daytime tiredness (no direct daytime fatigue measure reported).
- Effect of a Prebiotic Formulation on Frailty Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 27314331
Prebiotic mix in frail older adults reduced exhaustion scores and improved handgrip strength—direct trial evidence for reduced tiredness/exhaustion.
Appetite regulation (14)
- Probiotic With or Without Fiber Controls Body Fat Mass, Associated With Serum Zonulin, in Overweight and Obese Adults-Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 27810310
B420 (with polydextrose) reduced energy intake substantially in compliant overweight/obese adults, consistent with appetite stabilization.
- A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on enteral tolerance in preterm infants (ISRCTN77444690)
PubMed ID: 20639792
Prebiotic-supplemented preterm formula may slightly improve feeding tolerance in the most immature infants—supports more stable intake.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Appetite in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29672196
Synbiotic plus diet increased GLP‑1 and PYY (satiety hormones) and improved weight — direct evidence for appetite stabilization.
- Impact of dietary supplementation with resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE(®)) on satiety, glycaemia, and related endpoints, in healthy adults
PubMed ID: 34170392
28‑day resistant dextrin increased feelings of fullness (satiety) consistently at day14 and day28.
- Acute and short-term effects of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 431 and inulin intake on appetite control and dietary intake: A two-phases randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 34915104
Single prebiotic drink acutely lowered lunch and 24‑h energy intake in healthy men—supports short-term appetite suppression.
- Inulin-type fructans and whey protein both modulate appetite but only fructans alter gut microbiota in adults with overweight/obesity: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28730743
Large RCT reported reduced hunger/desire to eat with ITF—strong evidence for appetite stabilization.
- Effects of combined prebiotic fiber supplementation and weight loss counseling in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40172664
Oligofructose‑enriched inulin reduced subjective desire to eat and hunger ratings in MASLD patients during diet counseling.
- Prebiotic diet changes neural correlates of food decision-making in overweight adults: a randomised controlled within-subject cross-over trial
PubMed ID: 37793780
High-dose inulin reduced reward-related brain activation and wanting for certain foods, suggesting appetite stabilization.
- Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28228425
Oligofructose‑enriched inulin increased fullness and decreased prospective consumption in children, with reduced buffet intake in older kids.
- Oligofructose Provides Laxation for Irregularity Associated with Low Fiber Intake
PubMed ID: 29258261
Oligofructose at 15 g/day lowered reported energy intake in a large RCT, consistent with appetite/stabilization effects.
- Abundance of gut Prevotella at baseline and metabolic response to barley prebiotics
PubMed ID: 30046942
Barley‑kernel meals improved postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and increased fermentation — metabolic effects that commonly stabilize appetite.
- Effect of prebiotic supplementation and calcium intake on body mass index
PubMed ID: 17719942
Smaller BMI/fat gain suggests appetite/metabolic regulation changes—plausible appetite stabilization mediator.
- Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnitine Concomitant Supplementation on Atherogenic-Indices, Body Composition, Visceral Obesity, and Appetite in Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39921845
Synbiotic co‑supplementation lowered appetite scores along with adiposity improvements—supports stabilized appetite.
- The efficacy of daily snack replacement with oligofructose-enriched granola bars in overweight and obese adults: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29490721
Oligofructose snack bars reduced self‑reported hunger and prospective food consumption—direct appetite stabilization.
Sleep quality (9)
- A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (RECOVERY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38071990
Improved fatigue and cognition in long COVID could reflect improved sleep, though sleep was not the primary outcome.
- Effectiveness of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Cognitive Function and Sleep Efficiency in Healthy Elderly Subjects in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Study
PubMed ID: 38674901
PHGG produced significant improvements in sleep-related measures (morning refreshment) in elderly participants.
- Effects of Prebiotic Yeast Mannan on Gut Health and Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 38201970
Yeast‑mannan RCT objectively increased N3 (deep) sleep duration and shortened latency (EEG measured).
- Immune status, well-being and gut microbiota in military supplemented with synbiotic ice cream and submitted to field training: a randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33593462
Synbiotic reduced sleepiness/tenseness after field training — supports improved sleepiness and restorative state.
- Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on reduced pain in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37224267
Fibromyalgia trial: inulin improved PSQI (sleep quality) versus baseline/placebo.
- Improvement of sleep by resistant dextrin prebiotic in type 2 diabetic women coincides with attenuation of metabolic endotoxemia: involvement of gut-brain axis
PubMed ID: 35306660
Resistant dextrin produced a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PSQI sleep quality in obese women with T2D.
- Developmental effects on sleep-wake patterns in infants receiving a cow's milk-based infant formula with an added prebiotic blend: a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 32615579
Infant PDX/GOS formula shortened crying episodes and improved sleep‑wake consolidation metrics by day 112 — direct improvement in infant sleep quality.
- Nutraceutical Blends Promote Weight Loss, Inflammation Reduction, and Better Sleep: The Role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Overweight Adults-A Double-Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 39981988
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased and was associated with improved sleep measures in the trial.
- The effect of date seed powder supplementation on anxiety- and depression-like behaviours, sleep quality and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: targeting gut-brain axis
PubMed ID: 41157892
Date seed powder in T2D patients improved sleep quality alongside biochemical changes (TRP/KYN/endotoxin).
Oral health (6)
- Improving lactose digestion and symptoms of lactose intolerance with a novel galacto-oligosaccharide (RP-G28): a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24330605
Significant decrease in breath hydrogen after GOS (RP-G28) treatment and improved symptoms—may reduce fermentation-related bad breath (moderate indirect evidence).
- Randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness of mouthwashes based on essential oils, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and prebiotic in gingivitis treatment
PubMed ID: 36045468
Adjunctive prebiotic-containing mouthwash reduced gingival index and plaque—improved oral hygiene linked to fresher breath.
- Effect of synbiotic mouthwash on oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy in oral cancer patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36517616
Synbiotic mouthwash produced strong oral mucosal benefits in radiotherapy patients; this intervention plausibly improves oral health and breath, though breath was not measured.
- Pilot, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating 4 oral hygiene regimens using a manual toothbrush, toothpaste, and mouthwash
PubMed ID: 38905608
Prebiotic/paraprobiotic toothpaste reduced plaque and stabilized oral microbiota—plausible for fresher breath.
- Efficacy of synbiotic mouthwash on salivary TLR2 levels and oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 40389723
Synbiotic mouthwash reduced progression of radiation‑induced oral mucositis—improved oral health could secondarily improve breath quality though not directly measured.
- The effect of a lozenge combining prebiotic arginine and probiotics on caries increment in children during 10-12 months, a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 37356561
Arginine (prebiotic) plus probiotics lozenge reduced new caries in children—oral health improvements likely support fresher breath.
Appetite suppression (5)
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Appetite in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29672196
Synbiotic plus weight‑loss diet increased PYY/GLP‑1 (satiety hormones) which plausibly stabilize appetite and reduce sugar cravings.
- Prebiotic diet changes neural correlates of food decision-making in overweight adults: a randomised controlled within-subject cross-over trial
PubMed ID: 37793780
High-dose inulin reduced reward-related brain activation to high-calorie foods and decreased wanting ratings, consistent with reduced sugar/craving drive.
- Probiotic With or Without Fiber Controls Body Fat Mass, Associated With Serum Zonulin, in Overweight and Obese Adults-Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 27810310
B420 (with/without polydextrose) lowered energy intake substantially in compliant participants—consistent with reduced cravings/appetite.
- The efficacy of daily snack replacement with oligofructose-enriched granola bars in overweight and obese adults: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29490721
Oligofructose snack bars reduced self‑reported hunger and prospective food consumption (reduced desire to eat).
- Impact of dietary supplementation with resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE(®)) on satiety, glycaemia, and related endpoints, in healthy adults
PubMed ID: 34170392
Resistant dextrin increased fullness and reduced postprandial glucose AUC — mechanisms that often reduce sugar cravings.
Similar by evidence
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Products with Prebiotics
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Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.