Glutathione
19 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
495 products in our catalogue print how much Glutathione a serving holds.
Most common: 250 mg to 500 mg, 22% of 495 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg or less | 16 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 15 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 20 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 48 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 72 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 75 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 81 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 110 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 43 |
| over 1 g | 15 |
Dose per serving from research
24 study groups in 19 studies say how much Glutathione participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 100 mg to 250 mg, 33% of 24 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 25 mg or less | 1 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 0 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 8 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 7 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 3 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 3 |
Commonly used together
9 of 25 study groups took Glutathione with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Citrulline | 4 |
Benefit Evidence
Antioxidant defense + muscle
Oxidative damage - strength
GSH/CK + muscle mass
Antioxidant defense + muscle
Oxidative damage - strength
GSH/CK + muscle mass
Research sources
Cell health (349)
- Efficacy of a Standardized Extract of Prunus mume in Liver Protection and Redox Homeostasis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 26952142
Prunus mume shifted glutathione redox toward reduced form—cellular antioxidant protection in liver context.
- Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
PubMed ID: 33105552
Strong human evidence that glutathione‑precursor raised reduced GSH and lowered oxidized GSH—direct cellular antioxidant protection.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC restored intracellular GSH and lowered oxidative stress markers—strong cellular protection evidence.
- A Multi-Omic Mosaic Model of Acetaminophen Induced Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation
PubMed ID: 37231244
Lowered glutathione associated with APAP‑induced injury in multi‑omic study—supports GSH role in cellular protection.
- Therapeutic effects of reduced glutathione on liver function, fibrosis, and HBV DNA clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients
PubMed ID: 39920583
IV GSH reduced liver injury markers and fibrosis indices—clinical evidence of cellular/tissue protection in HBV.
- The effect of intravenous alanyl-glutamine supplementation on plasma glutathione levels in intensive care unit trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition: the results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19608826
IV alanyl‑Gln raised plasma glutathione in trauma patients—supports cellular redox protection.
- Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine administration on red blood cell cysteine and glutathione levels in alcoholic patients with and without liver disease
PubMed ID: 7811344
SAMe corrected erythrocyte GSH and cysteine abnormalities—restoration of intracellular thiols supports cell protection.
- Antioxidant effects of D002 on the in vitro susceptibility of whole plasma in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 11578760
Oral antioxidant increased plasma resistance to oxidation—supports systemic cell protection via antioxidant mechanisms.
- Improvement of hemorheological abnormalities in alcoholics by an oral antioxidant
PubMed ID: 11379344
Oral antioxidant in alcoholics restored plasma GSH and reduced RBC lipid peroxidation—evidence of cellular protection.
- Factors related to the impact of antihypertensive treatment in antioxidant activities and oxidative stress by-products in human hypertension
PubMed ID: 15363824
Improved GSH redox balance and antioxidant enzymes after therapy supports cellular protection.
- Evaluation of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and mutagen sensitivity as risk factors for the development of second primary tumors in patients previously diagnosed with early-stage head and neck cancer
PubMed ID: 16703596
GST genotype associated with second primary tumors implies GST/GSH roles in cell protection/detoxification.
- Effects of short-term moderate alcohol administration on oxidative stress and nutritional status in healthy males
PubMed ID: 17602789
Alcohol‑induced GSH depletion and increased lipid peroxidation illustrate cellular vulnerability without sufficient GSH.
- Effect of carvedilol and nebivolol on oxidative stress-related parameters and endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension
PubMed ID: 22703478
Carvedilol raised GSH/GSSG ratio and FRAP—improved systemic antioxidant status and endothelial/cellular protection.
- Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption and antioxidant status in healthy institutionalized elderly humans
PubMed ID: 23642776
EVOO raised plasma antioxidant capacity and modified GSH‑related enzyme activities—supports cell protection.
- Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23613825
Ginseng increased total GSH and decreased ROS/MDA—direct biochemical evidence of cellular protection.
- Treatment with metadoxine and its impact on early mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis
PubMed ID: 24756009
Metadoxine produced major clinical benefits in alcoholic hepatitis, consistent with restoring redox/ cell-protective mechanisms.
- Alcoholic Beverage and Meal Choices for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases: A Randomized Nutrigenomic Trial
PubMed ID: 30050655
Acute red wine upregulated GPX1/SOD2/CAT gene expression (GSH‑linked antioxidant enzymes)—supports cellular antioxidant defense.
- Effect of Moderate Wine Consumption on Oxidative Stress Markers in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
PubMed ID: 35405991
Moderate red wine reduced DNA and protein oxidation markers—clear cellular protection from oxidative damage.
- The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31902378
n‑3 fatty acids increased total glutathione and lowered MDA in gestational diabetes—cellular antioxidant improvement.
- Assessment of the antioxidant effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid in healthy men exposed to muscle-damaging exercise
PubMed ID: 19617657
ALA substantially raised GSH and lowered TBARS after exercise — supports robust cell protection from oxidative injury.
- Alpha-lipoic acid improves subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes
PubMed ID: 24172699
ALA raised GSH and lowered multiple oxidative/inflammatory markers in young diabetics—cell-protection implication.
- Effect of lipoic acid consumption on oxidative stress among multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23485514
ALA increased total antioxidant capacity in MS patients—broad antioxidant/cell-protection signal.
- α-Lipoic acid treatment of aged type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute cerebral infarction
PubMed ID: 25535146
ALA increased antioxidant enzymes and lowered MDA after stroke—protective against oxidative cell injury.
- A Clinical Trial about a Food Supplement Containing α-Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
PubMed ID: 27801825
Multi-ingredient supplement increased GSH-Px and decreased MDA in diabetics — supports cellular antioxidant defense.
- Effect of lipoic acid supplementation on gene expression and activity of glutathione S-transferase enzyme in infertile men
PubMed ID: 31291793
ALA increased GST expression/activity and lowered ROS in semen—direct upregulation of GSH-related detox enzymes.
- Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 31060549
Amla gave dose‑dependent GSH increases and major MDA reductions—strong antioxidant/cell‑protective signal.
- Combination glutathione and anthocyanins as an alternative for skin care during external-beam radiation
PubMed ID: 15862509
Reduced glutathione product reduced radiotherapy skin reactions — evidence of protection from oxidative/radiation injury.
- Combination of plant phenolics and isoquinolinium alkaloids protects gingival fibroblast and improves post-extraction healing after lower third molar extraction
PubMed ID: 34617520
Topical paste reduced intracellular ROS and affected GSH in vitro, improving wound healing—local cellular protection.
- Improvement on blood pressure and skin using roselle drink: A clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35758855
Roselle drink increased circulating GSH and antioxidant enzymes—supports cellular antioxidant defenses.
- The importance of intraoperative selenium blood levels on organ dysfunction in patients undergoing off-pump cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25118980
Perioperative selenium and GPx changes correlated with organ dysfunction risk—supports role of GPx/GSH system in cell protection.
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 35986358
Nutraceutical increased antioxidant potential and reduced liver fat—evidence of reduced oxidative cellular stress.
- NRAMP1 and hGPX1 gene polymorphism and response to bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for bladder cancer
PubMed ID: 21163569
GPX1 genetic variants associated with cancer outcomes—associative evidence that GPx (GSH‑dependent) matters for cell survival.
- Coenzyme Q(10), vitamin E, selenium, and methionine in the treatment of chronic recurrent viral mucocutaneous infections
PubMed ID: 22079390
Antioxidant nutriceutical increased antioxidant capacity including GSH‑related markers and improved viral lesion outcomes.
- Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism
PubMed ID: 22151477
Significant GSH increase and GSSG decrease with vitamin/mineral supplement indicates strong systemic antioxidant/cell protection.
- Product of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longgui Yangxinwan Protects the Human Body from Altitude Sickness Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction
PubMed ID: 38995860
Reduced ROS and increased GSH‑PX/ATP at altitude indicates protection against oxidative cellular damage.
- Erzhi Tiangui formula increases the number of high-quality blastocysts in patients with advanced age by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 41469678
Erzhi Tiangui increased granulosa‑cell GSH, Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling and ATP, and improved embryo quality—direct cellular protection.
- Avocado/soy unsaponifiables can redress the balance between serum antioxidant and oxidant levels in patients with osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
PubMed ID: 33794080
Avocado/soy lowered MDA in OA patients and affected antioxidant markers—cellular oxidative protection.
- Management of cognitive determinants in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type: therapeutic potential of a novel polyherbal drug product
PubMed ID: 25316430
Polyherbal intervention produced a large systemic GSH rise and cognitive benefit—strong evidence for cellular protection.
- Effect of a two-year supplementation with low doses of antioxidant vitamins and/or minerals in elderly subjects on levels of nutrients and antioxidant defense parameters
PubMed ID: 9263186
Two‑year supplement trial in elderly increased GPx activity—enhances glutathione‑based cell protection.
- Effects of trace element and/or vitamin supplementation on vitamin and mineral status, free radical metabolism and immunological markers in elderly long term-hospitalized subjects. Geriatric Network MIN. VIT. AOX
PubMed ID: 9433680
Trace‑element supplementation raised Se‑GPx in elderly, directly augmenting glutathione‑dependent cellular defense.
- Effects of supplementation with a combination of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements, at nutritional doses, on biochemical indicators and markers of the antioxidant system in adult subjects
PubMed ID: 9627910
Multivitamin/mineral supplementation increased GPx activity, supporting glutathione‑dependent cellular protection.
- Oxidative stress and free radical damage in patients with acute dipterex poisoning
PubMed ID: 15386949
Acute toxic exposure caused large decreases in GPx and increased lipid peroxides — underscores glutathione's central cell-protective role.
- [Effect of multiple micronutrients supplementation on anti-oxidative activity and oxidized DNA damage of lymphocytes in children]
PubMed ID: 15941534
Multivitamin increased GPx and decreased DNA oxidation—protective at cellular/DNA level.
- Watercress supplementation in diet reduces lymphocyte DNA damage and alters blood antioxidant status in healthy adults
PubMed ID: 17284750
Watercress reduced DNA damage — direct cellular protection evidence.
- Treatment of Alzheimer's disease with a cholinesterase inhibitor combined with antioxidants
PubMed ID: 20224285
Adjunct antioxidant formula raised erythrocyte GSH and lowered oxidative stress markers in AD patients.
- Effects of vitamin C and E combination on element and oxidative stress levels in the blood of operative patients under desflurane anesthesia
PubMed ID: 20464539
Peri‑operative vitamins C+E reduced erythrocyte/plasma lipid peroxidation and preserved GPx activity post‑op.
- Green tea supplementation increases glutathione and plasma antioxidant capacity in adults with the metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 23507223
Green tea increased whole‑blood GSH and plasma antioxidant capacity, supporting cellular redox defense.
- Effects of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), Bars on Lipid and Antioxidant Profiles in Individuals with Borderline High Cholesterol: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 34375514
Shiitake bars increased reduced GSH and lowered TBARS (lipid peroxidation) — direct cellular antioxidant benefit.
- Non-Targeted Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis Showed Rice Bran Supplementation Effects Multiple Metabolic Pathways during Infant Weaning and Growth in Mali
PubMed ID: 35276967
Rice‑bran increased infant reduced glutathione 1.31‑fold—direct evidence of increased cellular antioxidant capacity.
- Oxidative markers in children with severe obesity following low-calorie diets supplemented with mandarin juice
PubMed ID: 20528796
Mandarin juice increased erythrocyte GSH by ~36% and decreased MDA and protein carbonyls—clear cellular antioxidant effect.
- Normal or High Polyphenol Concentration in Orange Juice Affects Antioxidant Activity, Blood Pressure, and Body Weight in Obese or Overweight Adults
PubMed ID: 26136593
Large reductions in DNA oxidation (8‑OHdG) and lipid oxidation (8‑iso‑PGF2α) in overweight adults after polyphenol intake.
- Effect of a Combination of Citrus Flavones and Flavanones and Olive Polyphenols for the Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Exploratory Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects
PubMed ID: 32438719
Marked improvement in GSH/GSSG ratio, large decreases in ox‑LDL and IL‑6 — strong cellular protection biomarkers.
- Antioxidant Efficacy of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 36296919
Largest, well‑controlled RCT showed strong increases in erythrocyte GSH and improved redox ratio—direct cellular antioxidant protection.
- Effects of Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) root tea on inflammatory status and oxidative stress in patients with knee osteoarthritis
PubMed ID: 25350500
Burdock tea decreased MDA and increased TAC/SOD — reduced oxidative damage to biomolecules.
- Randomized comparative efficacy and safety study of intermittent simvastatin versus fenofibrate in hemodialysis
PubMed ID: 28627930
Statin/fibrate increased GPx and decreased Ox‑LDL in HD patients — antioxidant/cell protection signal.
- The Effects of Fermented Laminaria japonica on Short-Term Working Memory and Physical Fitness in the Elderly
PubMed ID: 30008787
Elderly RCT: consistent increases in antioxidant enzymes and reductions in lipid/DNA oxidation — strong cellular protection.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Oral GSH produced clinical improvements and reduced inflammation—direct GSH therapy with cellular protective effects.
- Intravenous iron exacerbates oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 18495964
IV iron increased oxidative DNA damage and oxidized GSH ratio in hemodialysis patients — highlights GSH role in cellular protection (harm model).
- The Effect of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea, Capsaicin and Ginger Extracts on Weight Loss and Metabolic Profiles in Overweight Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 28595182
Supplement mix increased plasma glutathione in overweight women (direct GSH increase).
- Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25092108
L‑carnitine increased GPx and lowered MDA in CAD—evidence of decreased oxidative cell damage.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
CMA increased glutathione/antioxidant metabolites and lowered cytokines in COVID patients — evidence of cellular antioxidant protection.
- Effects of Conventional Milk Versus Milk Containing Only A2 β-Casein on Digestion in Chinese Children: A Randomized Study
PubMed ID: 31305326
A2 milk produced larger rises in blood reduced glutathione (GSH) in children—direct marker of cellular antioxidant protection.
- Chamomile tea improves glycemic indices and antioxidants status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 26437613
Chamomile tea increased GPx and other antioxidant enzymes in T2DM patients—enhances glutathione system-mediated cell protection.
- Dark roast coffee is more effective than light roast coffee in reducing body weight, and in restoring red blood cell vitamin E and glutathione concentrations in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 21809439
Dark‑roast coffee increased erythrocyte GSH and vitamin E and reduced weight—antioxidant increases protect cells.
- Medical ozone increases methotrexate clinical response and improves cellular redox balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
PubMed ID: 27450487
Higher glutathione after ozone adjunct correlated with better RA outcomes—improved cellular antioxidant capacity.
- Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (300 mg/day) on antioxidation and anti-inflammation in coronary artery disease patients during statins therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24192015
CoQ10 RCT raised GPx/SOD/CAT and reduced oxidative/inflammatory markers—strong cellular protection signal.
- Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
PubMed ID: 23659338
CoQ10 in MS decreased MDA and increased SOD—reduced lipid peroxidation indicates cell protection.
- The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 26321469
CoQ10 and combined antioxidants lowered lipid peroxidation and increased TAC in diabetic retinopathy.
- Effect of liquid ubiquinol supplementation on glucose, lipids and antioxidant capacity in type 2 diabetes patients: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29936921
Ubiquinol increased GPx and catalase activity and lowered HbA1c—strengthened antioxidant defenses protecting cells.
- Coenzyme Q10 improves the survival and reduces inflammatory markers in septic patients
PubMed ID: 32115970
CoQ10 reduced MDA and TNF‑α in sepsis, demonstrating strong protection against oxidative cellular injury.
- A pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of MitoQ in the treatment of septic shock: evaluating its effects on clinical outcomes and oxidative stress biomarker
PubMed ID: 40820063
MitoQ increased GPx/SOD/CAT and lowered MDA in septic patients—direct biochemical evidence of reduced oxidative cell damage.
- Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Collagen Laminin-Based Dermal Matrix Combined With Resveratrol Microparticles (Dermalix) and Standard Wound Care for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
PubMed ID: 32131656
Improved wound healing coincided with better GSH/GSSG ratio and reduced TNF—cellular protection in tissue repair.
- Effect of dietary supplementation with glycitein during late pregnancy and lactation on antioxidative indices and performance of primiparous sows
PubMed ID: 26020321
Maternal glycitein increased GSH‑Px/SOD/CAT and decreased MDA in sows—strong animal evidence for cellular antioxidant protection.
- Reduction of nosocomial pneumonia after major burns by trace element supplementation: aggregation of two randomised trials
PubMed ID: 17081282
Trace‑element supplementation restored GSHPx activity in burn patients and lowered infection/complications—evidence of cellular antioxidant recovery and protection.
- Women with endometriosis improved their peripheral antioxidant markers after the application of a high antioxidant diet
PubMed ID: 19476631
High‑antioxidant diet increased GPx ~+51% and SOD ~+130% and lowered MDA/LHP—robust improvement in cellular antioxidant defence.
- Effect of selenium and vitamin C on clinical outcomes, trace element status, and antioxidant enzyme activity in horses with acute and chronic lower airway disease. A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23479319
Selenium+vitamin C increased GST/catalase and reduced MDA in horses—enhanced cellular antioxidant enzymes (disease model).
- Serum selenium concentration and antioxidant activity in cervical cancer patients before and after treatment
PubMed ID: 23828383
Chemotherapy (in this cohort) associated with increased serum Se and GPx and lower MDA—improved antioxidant enzyme activity in patients.
- Baru Almonds Increase the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 31366053
Human RCT showed significant increases in GPx and SOD—direct cellular antioxidant protection.
- Chronic consumption of a low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry beverage attenuates inflammation and improves glucoregulation and HDL cholesterol in healthy overweight humans: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29476238
Improved GSH:GSSG redox balance and antioxidant enzyme trends (human RCT).
- A prospective randomised study of continuous warm versus intermittent cold blood cardioplegia for coronary artery surgery: preliminary report
PubMed ID: 8043290
Continuous warm blood cardioplegia reduced oxidized glutathione and oxidative stress markers.
- Intermittent antegrade warm cardioplegia reduces oxidative stress and improves metabolism of the ischemic-reperfused human myocardium
PubMed ID: 7715228
Warm technique limited glutathione release and lipid peroxidation with better function.
- [Effects of Rholida on the free radical metabolism and serum creatine kinase after exercise at plateau]
PubMed ID: 11887898
Antioxidant drug increased GSH‑Px and reduced MDA after exercise—cell protection evidence.
- Myocardial metabolism on off-pump surgery; a randomized study of 50 cases
PubMed ID: 12944209
Quantitative myocardial GSH differences seen between surgical techniques—direct tissue GSH data.
- The effects of low dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an adjunct to cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass surgery
PubMed ID: 19103540
NAC lowered MDA during reperfusion, indicating reduction in oxidative cell injury.
- Effects of a fruit/berry/vegetable supplement on muscle function and oxidative stress
PubMed ID: 20689455
Fruit/vegetable concentrate prevented exercise‑induced increases in protein carbonyls and MDA—evidence of cellular oxidative protection.
- Effects of Acute and Repeated Ischemic Preconditioning on Recovery from Muscle Fatigue after High-Intensity Swim Training in Male Amateur Swimmers
PubMed ID: 40933317
Ischemic preconditioning improved GSH and reduced MDA — evidence of enhanced cellular antioxidant defense in athletes.
- Effects of Curcuminoids-Piperine Combination on Systemic Oxidative Stress, Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Complications Due to Sulfur Mustard: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25171552
Curcuminoids raised blood GSH and lowered MDA—clear protection against oxidative cellular damage.
- Mitigation of Systemic Oxidative Stress by Curcuminoids in Osteoarthritis: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25688638
Curcuminoids in osteoarthritis increased antioxidant enzymes and GSH while lowering MDA—cellular antioxidant benefit.
- Effect of Curcumin Supplementation During Radiotherapy on Oxidative Status of Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Double Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 26771294
Curcumin increased total antioxidant capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, supporting antioxidant cellular protection.
- Curcumin administration and the effects on psychological status and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
PubMed ID: 33183576
Curcumin raised GSH and TAC and lowered MDA in diabetics with CHD — direct biochemical evidence of enhanced cellular antioxidant defense.
- Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 23899653
Probiotic increased GSH and lowered inflammatory markers—consistent with increased cellular antioxidant capacity.
- The administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress and regulates glutathione metabolism in the blood cells of workers exposed to lead
PubMed ID: 23731375
NAC raised erythrocyte GSH and reduced oxidative pigments, supporting protection of cells from oxidative damage.
- Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23786900
Marked plasma total GSH increase with lowered hs‑CRP suggests enhanced intracellular antioxidant defense and cell protection.
- Daily nutritional dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals improves DNA and LDL stability: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24352096
Clear reductions in DNA damage and oxidized LDL indicate strong cellular protection from oxidative injury.
- The effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C on cognitive performance of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in Isfahan, Iran: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24326981
One-year antioxidant vitamins increased GSH/TAC and decreased MDA in elderly — systemic reduction in oxidative cellular injury markers.
- Effects of zinc supplementation on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 23140661
Zinc raised GSH and TAC and lowered MDA in haemodialysis patients — strong biomarker evidence of cellular protection.
- Tai chi diminishes oxidative stress in Mexican older adults
PubMed ID: 22836707
Tai Chi increased GPx/GSH and decreased lipid peroxidation in older adults — cellular antioxidant protection.
- Time-course evaluation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers after renal transplantation
PubMed ID: 22263958
Post-kidney-transplant patients had higher GSH and lower TBARS/AOPP — clear reduction in oxidative cellular damage markers.
- Effect of vitamin E and C supplements on lipid peroxidation and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme status in the blood of women consuming oral contraceptives
PubMed ID: 22494786
Vitamins C+E increased GPx and GR and lowered lipid peroxidation in OC users—antioxidant enzyme evidence protecting cells (indirect to GSH).
- N-acetylcysteine reduces disease activity by blocking mammalian target of rapamycin in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22549432
NAC raised lymphocyte GSH and reduced mTOR activity in SLE with clinical benefit—strong cellular protection/immunometabolic evidence.
- Effect of daily consumption of probiotic yogurt on oxidative stress in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 22338626
Probiotic yogurt increased plasma glutathione and GR activity and reduced an oxidative DNA marker—evidence of cellular protection.
- Influence of the glutathione peroxidase 1 Pro200Leu polymorphism on the response of glutathione peroxidase activity to selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22952184
Selenium supplementation increased GPx activity (a GSH‑dependent enzyme) protecting cells from oxidative damage.
- The role of preconditioning and N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress resulting from tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion in arthroscopic knee surgery
PubMed ID: 21610364
NAC prevented ischemia–reperfusion oxidative damage markers — direct cellular protection in a human surgical model.
- Modulation of the metabolism of airborne pollutants by glucoraphanin-rich and sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout beverages in Qidong, China
PubMed ID: 22045030
Broccoli sprouts increased glutathione conjugation of pollutants (mercapturic acids) — promotes cellular detoxification/protection from electrophiles.
- High-dose selenium reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia and illness severity in critically ill patients with systemic inflammation
PubMed ID: 21445641
High‑dose Se increased GPx activity (glutathione‑peroxidase) and reduced organ failure markers—strong cellular antioxidant protection.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine treatment on oxidative stress and inflammation after severe burn
PubMed ID: 21978796
NAC preserved GSH and lowered inflammatory cytokines in severe burns — direct cellular antioxidant/anti‑inflammatory protection.
- Effect of vitamins C and E on antioxidant status of breast-cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
PubMed ID: 21204889
Vitamins C+E during chemotherapy increased reduced GSH and GST/GR activities and lowered lipid peroxidation/DNA damage — strong cell‑protective evidence.
- Associations between glutathione peroxidase-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, selenium status, and DNA damage levels in obese women after consumption of Brazil nuts
PubMed ID: 21208780
Selenium increased GPx and reduced DNA damage — supports cellular antioxidant protection.
- Association of selenium status and blood glutathione concentrations in blacks and whites
PubMed ID: 21462082
Higher selenium associated with higher GSH and GCL activity—supports intracellular antioxidant capacity protecting cells.
- Regular daily intake of black tea improves oxidative stress biomarkers and decreases serum C-reactive protein levels in type 2 diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 20668372
Black tea increased GSH and decreased MDA in T2DM—reduced oxidative cellular injury markers.
- Supplementation of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol is useful to preventing bone loss linked to oxidative stress in elderly
PubMed ID: 20617290
Year‑long vitamin C+E lowered lipid peroxides and greatly increased GPx activity in elderly — strong antioxidant cell‑protection signal (indirect to glutathione).
- Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization
PubMed ID: 20226443
Multivitamin/mineral supplement raised reduced glutathione and GPx and lowered lipid peroxidation in serum and follicular fluid — direct antioxidant/cell protection.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine in attenuating ischemic reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass
PubMed ID: 19467834
NAC in CABG reduced malondialdehyde and raised antioxidant levels (including glutathione‑related) — strong evidence of cellular oxidative protection.
- Lycium barbarum (goji) juice improves in vivo antioxidant biomarkers in serum of healthy adults
PubMed ID: 19185773
Goji juice increased endogenous antioxidant enzymes including GSH‑Px and lowered MDA in older adults (reduced oxidative damage).
- Effects of a synbiotic product on blood antioxidative activity in subjects colonized with Helicobacter pylori
PubMed ID: 19344357
Synbiotic improved TAS and reduced oxidized/reduced GSH ratio (improved redox balance protective to cells).
- Effect of an antioxidant functional food beverage on exercise-induced oxidative stress: a long-term and large-scale clinical intervention study
PubMed ID: 19857542
Antioxidant beverage prevented increases in oxidized glutathione and DNA oxidative damage during exercise (strong cellular protection).
- Regulatory effects of a fermented food concentrate on immune function parameters in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 19121921
Fermented plant concentrate increased intracellular GSH and lowered lipid peroxidation in immune cells—cell protection.
- Selenium and iodine supplementation: effect on thyroid function of older New Zealanders
PubMed ID: 19692495
Selenium raised GPx (GSH‑dependent) activity—enhanced capacity to detoxify peroxides and protect cells.
- Effects of grape seed extract in Type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity
PubMed ID: 19646193
Grape seed significantly increased whole blood GSH and lowered inflammation—direct cellular antioxidant protection.
- The effects of normoxic versus hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in cyanotic pediatric patients undergoing open cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19577081
Normoxic CPB reduced oxidative stress and alpha‑GST release—evidence of reduced perioperative cellular injury.
- Influence of early antioxidant supplements on clinical evolution and organ function in critically ill cardiac surgery, major trauma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
PubMed ID: 18687132
Restored GPx activity and reduced CRP in critically ill patients—enhanced enzymatic antioxidant defense protecting cells.
- N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 18473409
NAC decreased inflammatory chemokines in ulcerative colitis—reduced inflammation protects mucosal cells.
- Effects of magnesium supplementation on the glutathione redox system in atopic asthmatic children
PubMed ID: 18516713
Oral magnesium raised reduced glutathione in asthmatic children—improved intracellular antioxidant capacity.
- Treatment with dextromethorphan improves endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress in male heavy smokers
PubMed ID: 18647232
Increased GPx activity and reduced oxidative markers with improved endothelial function—cellular antioxidant protection implied.
- [A clinical study of N-acetylcysteine treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients]
PubMed ID: 18647523
NAC and IV glutathione improved hepatic function markers—reduced liver-cell dysfunction and biochemical injury markers.
- Effects of vitamin C supplementation on antioxidants and lipid peroxidation markers in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 18077012
Vitamin C increased cellular GSH and intracellular antioxidant levels in elderly diabetics — supports intracellular protection.
- Brazil nuts: an effective way to improve selenium status
PubMed ID: 18258628
Brazil nut/selenomet increased plasma selenium and GPx/whole blood GPx — boosts glutathione‑dependent enzymatic protection.
- An open-label dose-response study of lymphocyte glutathione levels in healthy men and women receiving pressurized whey protein isolate supplements
PubMed ID: 17710587
Cysteine-rich whey increased lymphocyte GSH by ~24% — robust human evidence of raising cellular GSH, supporting cell protection.
- Gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in hemodialysis patients is ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine
PubMed ID: 17457375
NAC reduced gentamicin-induced ototoxicity incidence — clear protective effect on sensory cells via thiol antioxidant action.
- Selenium in Intensive Care (SIC): results of a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-center study in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock
PubMed ID: 17095947
High-dose selenium increased GPx activity and was associated with lower mortality in sepsis per-protocol; GPx is key to GSH-dependent cellular protection.
- Nutraceutical supplementation: effect of a fermented papaya preparation on redox status and DNA damage in healthy elderly individuals and relationship with GSTM1 genotype: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
PubMed ID: 16804018
Fermented papaya reduced plasma DNA adducts—direct marker of cellular protection (elderly trial).
- LycoRed as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy in lowering serum lipids and oxidative stress markers: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 16764620
LycoRed raised GSH and lowered MDA—direct antioxidant/cell protection markers.
- Isoflavones improve plasma homocysteine status and antioxidant defense system in healthy young men at rest but do not ameliorate oxidative stress induced by 80% VO2pk exercise
PubMed ID: 15735366
Genistein increased total glutathione and decreased oxidative markers—direct cellular antioxidant improvement.
- Antioxidant effect of virgin olive oil in patients with stable coronary heart disease: a randomized, crossover, controlled, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 15939067
Virgin olive oil lowered oxidized LDL and lipid peroxides and increased GPx activity—direct antioxidant cellular protection markers.
- Rosa roxburghii supplementation in a controlled feeding study increases plasma antioxidant capacity and glutathione redox state
PubMed ID: 15782288
Rosa roxburghii improved GSH:GSSG ratio and plasma antioxidant capacity — evidence for improved cellular redox balance.
- Effects of antioxidant supplementation on postprandial oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: a single-blind, 15-day clinical trial in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and healthy controls
PubMed ID: 16368447
Antioxidant regimen including NAC reduced postprandial oxidants and improved GPx — systemic cellular protection.
- [Enhancement of antioxidant capability of cancer patients during chemotherapy by reduced glutathione]
PubMed ID: 15087038
IV reduced glutathione during chemotherapy partially prevented lipid peroxidation and preserved antioxidant enzymes — strong cellular protection evidence.
- [Influence of oral sodium selenite and vitamin E on thyroid hormones in patients with cardiovascular disease at altitude]
PubMed ID: 15748470
Selenium supplementation increased GSH-Px and lowered MDA in cardiovascular patients — reduced oxidative cellular damage markers.
- The 6-a-day study: effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in healthy nonsmokers
PubMed ID: 15159237
Whole fruits/vegetables increased GPx activity and plasma oxidation resistance — systemic cell protection evidence.
- Antioxidant supplementation and nasal inflammatory responses among young asthmatics exposed to high levels of ozone
PubMed ID: 15498043
Antioxidant vitamins prevented ozone‑induced IL‑6 rise though nasal GSx fell — partial protection from inflammatory oxidative stress.
- B-group vitamin supplementation mitigates oxidative damage after acute ischaemic stroke
PubMed ID: 15279619
B‑vitamin therapy post‑stroke reduced MDA and CRP — decreased oxidative damage markers relevant to cell protection.
- Effects of add-on melatonin administration on antioxidant enzymes in children with epilepsy taking carbamazepine monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 15571523
Melatonin increased glutathione reductase in children on carbamazepine — enhances GSH recycling capacity.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of melatonin add-on therapy in epileptic children on valproate monotherapy: effect on glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes
PubMed ID: 15521903
Melatonin increased glutathione‑recycling enzyme (GSSG‑Rd) in epileptic children — supports GSH recycling and cell protection.
- The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28395131
Zinc trial raised total GSH and TAC and reduced oxidative stress in diabetic foot patients (cell/protective antioxidant effects).
- Phase IIb Study of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson's Disease
PubMed ID: 28436395
Direct intranasal GSH trial in Parkinson's increased CNS GSH trend and produced symptomatic improvement (direct GSH supplementation → cell protection signal).
- Safety and efficacy of ebselen for the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
PubMed ID: 28716314
Ebselen (GPx mimic) markedly reduced noise‑induced hearing loss (clear protection of auditory cells via glutathione‑pathway mimic).
- Metabolic Response to Mulberry Extract Supplementation in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy: a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29190604
Mulberry increased GSH and lowered MDA (strong antioxidant/cell protection signal in diabetic nephropathy patients).
- Clinical trial of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on psychological symptoms and metabolic profiles in maintenance methadone treatment patients
PubMed ID: 28642082
Vitamin D raised glutathione and TAC substantially in methadone patients (systemic cell‑protective antioxidant effect).
- Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28619005
Immunonutrition increased blood GSH and lowered IL‑6 in TBI patients (cell protection via antioxidant increase).
- Comparative effect of grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera) and ascorbic acid in oxidative stress induced by on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery
PubMed ID: 28074795
Grape seed extract increased total antioxidant capacity and lowered MDA during CABG (antioxidant/cell protection relevance).
- Integration of Traditional and Metabolomics Biomarkers Identifies Prognostic Metabolites for Predicting Responsiveness to Nutritional Intervention against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
PubMed ID: 28273855
Black raspberry improved GSH redox and lowered MDA—evidence of reduced cellular oxidative damage.
- [Effect of probucol on preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention]
PubMed ID: 29141361
Large trial showed systemic ↑GSH/SOD and reduced clinical injury (CIN), indicating organ/cell protection though driven by probucol.
- The efficacy of probucol combined with hydration in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 29071556
Duplicate large trial with similar cell‑protective implications.
- Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29891223
Probiotics in Parkinson's markedly raised blood GSH and improved oxidative stress markers—evidence of cellular antioxidant protection.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on mental health parameters and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30057015
Probiotic+selenium produced a large increase in total glutathione and improved oxidative/inflammatory markers—strong cellular protection signal.
- Whey Protein Supplementation Improves Nutritional Status, Glutathione Levels, and Immune Function in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29565716
Whey protein + trace elements led to net GSH increases and improved immunity/nutritional status—cellular resilience improved.
- N-acetylcysteine as an additive to crystalloid cardioplegia increased oxidative stress capacity in CABG patients
PubMed ID: 14668186
NAC preserved myocardial GSH and halved myeloperoxidase activity — strong tissue antioxidant/cell‑protective effect in heart surgery.
- Selenium supplements do not increase plasma total homocysteine concentrations in men and women
PubMed ID: 12566477
Selenium increased GPx activity in healthy adults—enhanced enzymatic antioxidant defense protecting cells from oxidative damage.
- Antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis and role of antioxidant therapy
PubMed ID: 14637276
Increased glutathione/thiols and reduced MDA in RA patients (cell protection).
- [Clinical and experimental study on treatment of acute cerebral infarction by zhongfeng no. II oral liquid]
PubMed ID: 12585170
Multi‑ingredient product preserved glutathione and SOD after stroke, suggesting protection from oxidative neuronal injury (confounded ingredients).
- Effects of silymarin MZ-80 on oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 11841050
Silymarin raised erythrocyte GSH and lowered lipid peroxidation in cirrhosis patients—reduced oxidative cell damage markers.
- Influence of selenium-enriched yeast supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative damage and hormone status in healthy adult males: a clinical pilot study
PubMed ID: 12433727
Selenium yeast increased blood GSH by ~32%, an indirect biochemical sign of better cellular antioxidant capacity.
- Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12177109
Glutathione preinfusion substantially reduced oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity and prevented nerve-conduction decline—strong cellular protection.
- Effect of glutathione infusion on leg arterial circulation, cutaneous microcirculation, and pain-free walking distance in patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12173710
IV glutathione improved tissue perfusion and reduced ischemic injury markers in PAD—direct protective effects on ischemic tissues.
- Glibenclamide vs gliclazide in reducing oxidative stress in patients of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus--a double blind randomized study
PubMed ID: 11837468
Improved glycemic control (especially gliclazide) raised GSH and lowered MDA in diabetics—indirect cellular protection via metabolic control.
- Potent antioxidative potential of propofol during cardiopulmonary bypass in the adult
PubMed ID: 12539568
Propofol preserved erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio during bypass compared with fentanyl, reflecting protection of blood cells' redox state.
- Management of chronic otitis media with effusion: the role of glutathione
PubMed ID: 11568588
Topical/nasal glutathione led to marked clinical resolution of middle-ear effusion, consistent with protection of mucosal tissues.
- [Effects of metabolic therapy on intracellular level of antioxidant system in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease]
PubMed ID: 10697374
Amino-acid metabolic therapy increased GSH-related enzymes and lowered MDA, indicating reduced oxidative cellular damage.
- [Parameters of hemodynamics and red cell redox-status in old patients with ischemic heart disease]
PubMed ID: 10979643
Amino acids (cysteine) raised GSH‑related markers and lowered lipid peroxidation.
- Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on selenoenzyme activity in blood lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets and erythrocytes
PubMed ID: 10781391
Selenium increased GPx isoforms—enhances glutathione‑dependent cellular protection.
- [The prevention of primary liver cancer by selenium in high risk populations]
PubMed ID: 11860943
Selenium increased GPx and reduced liver cancer incidence — indicates protection against oxidative cellular damage with clinical impact.
- Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and rutin on the lipid peroxidation of the lung epithelium during the adult respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 10638663
NAC increased airway GSH and reduced lipid-peroxidation markers in ARDS patients — direct protection of lung epithelial cells from oxidative injury.
- Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets
PubMed ID: 10952095
Brassica/allium diets increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in humans — enhances glutathione-dependent cellular detox/protection.
- Selenium supplementation of children in a selenium-deficient area in China: blood selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities
PubMed ID: 11049204
Selenium (especially Se‑yeast) produced large GPx increases and tissue selenium storage — clear enhancement of GSH‑dependent protection.
- The effect of selenium supplementation on outcome in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. The New Zealand Neonatal Study Group
PubMed ID: 10753245
Selenium increased GPx in very‑low‑birth‑weight infants — biochemical cell protection though primary outcomes unchanged.
- The effect of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine on lipoperoxidative damage in patients with early septic shock
PubMed ID: 10852765
IV glutathione (±NAC) significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and markers of cellular oxidative damage in septic shock.
- N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection
PubMed ID: 11029607
NAC raised whole‑blood and T‑cell GSH—direct cellular antioxidant replenishment.
- [Effects of tea polyphenols on microcirculation and antioxidation in aircrew]
PubMed ID: 12022177
Polyphenols raised GSH‑PX and lowered MDA—cell‑protective antioxidant changes.
- Selenium replacement in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome improves clinical outcome
PubMed ID: 10507602
High‑dose selenium rapidly normalized GSH‑Px in SIRS patients—restores cellular antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Comparison of preservative-free bupivacaine vs. lidocaine for intracameral anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial and in vitro analysis
PubMed ID: 10218691
Glutathione-containing irrigation prevented corneal endothelial cell damage from bupivacaine in vitro/clinical context.
- Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial
PubMed ID: 9261526
Glutathione co‑administration with cisplatin preserved renal function and reduced chemo toxicity—direct cellular protection during toxic exposure.
- [Selenium substitution in acute myocardial infarct]
PubMed ID: 9417492
IV selenium raised GSH‑Px in acute MI and reduced cardiac complications—cellular protection in ischemic injury.
- [Selenium administration in sepsis patients]
PubMed ID: 9417486
Selenium restored GSH‑Px and correlated with improved survival and organ function in critically ill patients (cell protection via antioxidant enzyme restoration).
- A trial of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and procysteine in ARDS. The Antioxidant in ARDS Study Group
PubMed ID: 9228372
Strong RCT evidence that NAC/OTZ raises RBC GSH and shortened lung injury—direct cell‑protective effect.
- [Effect of shengmaisan on serum lipid peroxidation in acute viral myocarditis]
PubMed ID: 9208534
Shengmaisan raised SOD and GSH‑Px and reduced MDA in viral myocarditis—consistent protection against oxidative cell injury.
- Effects of dietary supplementation of alpha-tocopherol on plasma glutathione and DNA repair activities
PubMed ID: 8722217
Vitamin E supplementation increased plasma glutathione in short term—demonstrates modifiability of glutathione pools (cell protection implication).
- Myocardial protection with and without leukocyte depletion: a comparative study on the oxidative stress
PubMed ID: 8703492
Leukocyte‑depleted reperfusion restored GSH/GSSG to baseline faster—preserves redox balance and reduces oxidative cell injury.
- Selenate fortification improves selenium status of term infants fed soy formula
PubMed ID: 7825537
Selenate‑fortified soy formula maintained higher selenium and GPx activity—cell protection via antioxidant enzyme.
- Selenium status of New Zealand infants fed either a selenium supplemented or a standard formula
PubMed ID: 7576895
Infant formula fortified with selenium increased GPx activity—direct biochemical support for cellular antioxidant defenses.
- Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 7799029
Randomized trial: GSH given with cisplatin massively reduced clinical neuropathy—strong cytoprotective clinical evidence.
- [Usefulness of the prevention of oxygen radical damage in the critical patient using the parenteral administration of reduced glutathione in high doses]
PubMed ID: 1463596
High‑dose IV reduced GSH reduced oxidative damage markers in critically ill patients → clear cellular protection.
- [The use of reduced glutathione in alcoholic hepatopathy]
PubMed ID: 1766577
Reduced GSH improved liver enzymes in alcoholic liver disease → hepatocellular protection.
- Acute and prolonged effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF424-derived SOD on antioxidant defense in healthy individuals challenged with intense aerobic exercise
PubMed ID: 39277120
Reduced exercise ROS and enhanced GSH‑related enzyme activity indicate robust cellular protection from oxidative stress.
- L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women
PubMed ID: 33809996
Two‑fold plasma GSH increase plus improved metabolic markers shows strong cellular antioxidant protection.
- Supplementation with a putative calorie restriction mimetic micronutrient blend increases glutathione concentrations and improves neuroenergetics in brain of healthy middle-aged men and women
PubMed ID: 32335159
Increased brain GSH indicates enhanced intracellular antioxidant protection.
- [Effects on glutathione of patients received glutamine dipeptide enriched parenteral nutrition post abdominal surgery]
PubMed ID: 16318774
Glutamine‑enriched PN maintained GSH/GSSG ratio after surgery → preserved cellular redox state.
- Beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22805313
Korean red ginseng reduced lymphocyte DNA damage and oxidized LDL and increased GPx activity—evidence of reduced cellular oxidative injury.
- Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 21699953
Panax ginseng lowered oxidative markers and increased total glutathione, supporting antioxidant cellular protection.
- Effect of enteral feeding with ginger extract in acute respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 22884532
Ginger raised RBC GSH and reduced oxidative markers in ARDS—cellular antioxidant protection.
- [Preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy]
PubMed ID: 27531486
Glutathione was used in both arms; adding mecobalamin further reduced chemo neurotoxicity, supporting a protective role for glutathione‑containing regimens.
- Alleviated systemic oxidative stress effects of combined atmospheric oxidant capacity by fish oil supplementation: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31476451
Fish‑oil attenuated pollution‑induced decreases in GSH‑Px and improved TAC and MDA measures (protects against oxidative cell injury).
- A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31190359
Fish or flaxseed oil raised glutathione and total antioxidant capacity in diabetic patients with heart disease (direct increase in cellular antioxidant).
- High-dose ω-3 Fatty Acid Plus Vitamin D3 Supplementation Affects Clinical Symptoms and Metabolic Status of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29982544
Combined omega‑3 and vitamin D produced significant increases in total glutathione and reductions in oxidative damage (MDA), demonstrating cellular protection.
- The effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28342967
Omega‑3 + vitamin E raised GSH and TAC and lowered oxidative damage in Parkinson's patients, consistent with cellular protection.
- A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes
PubMed ID: 27881297
Omega‑3 + vitamin E increased TAC and lowered MDA (reduced oxidative stress to cells).
- Ageing improves the antioxidant response against postoperative atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22561296
Raised GPX activity in older patients after antioxidant/n‑3 therapy—enhances glutathione‑dependent cell defense.
- Antioxidant therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory tissue damage in patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation
PubMed ID: 21138533
Clear 38% increase in GSH/GSSG ratio and marked reductions in MDA/protein carbonylation—strong cellular protection evidence.
- Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid supplementation on redox status in chronic renal failure patients with dyslipidemia
PubMed ID: 20303788
Fish‑oil in chronic renal failure raised GPx activity and lowered TBARS (reduces oxidative cell stress).
- Dapagliflozin for Small Nerve Fibre Regeneration in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomised Controlled Study (DINE)
PubMed ID: 40044634
Dapagliflozin increased GPX and improved small nerve fibre measures in diabetic neuropathy (antioxidant and tissue protection).
- Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis reduce lipid levels in patients with mild hyperlipidemia through altering gut microbiome: A double- blind randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38825157
Resistant starch increased GPx and improved lipids in people with mild dyslipidemia (antioxidant enzyme increase).
- Short-term effects of an intensive lifestyle modification program on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in patients with coronary artery disease
PubMed ID: 14724371
Lifestyle intervention increased erythrocyte GSH and plasma antioxidants in CAD patients—supports cellular antioxidant status.
- The effects of vitamin D and evening primrose oil co-supplementation on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28742409
Vitamin D + EPO increased plasma GSH and lowered MDA in PCOS women—clear reduction in oxidative cellular damage markers.
- Effects of long-term folate supplementation on metabolic status and regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26853484
Folate increased plasma GSH and decreased MDA in CIN1 patients—cell protection via redox improvement.
- The effects of folate supplementation on inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24628390
Folate increased plasma GSH and lowered MDA in PCOS—direct improvement of cellular redox status.
- Folic acid treatment normalizes NOS-dependence of vascular tone in the metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 20864946
Folic acid increased GSH/GSSG ratio in metabolic syndrome—reduces oxidative stress on cells.
- Long-term garlic or micronutrient supplementation, but not anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy, increases serum folate or glutathione without affecting serum vitamin B-12 or homocysteine in a rural Chinese population
PubMed ID: 19056661
Long-term supplementation increased serum glutathione in a large RCT, supporting systemic cellular antioxidant capacity.
- The influence of folate and antioxidants on homocysteine levels and oxidative stress in patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia
PubMed ID: 15717846
Folate + antioxidants increased intraerythrocyte glutathione and plasma antioxidant capacity.
- Randomized double-blind clinical trial examining the Ellagic acid effects on glycemic status, insulin resistance, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 32909365
Ellagic acid improved GPx/SOD and TAC and reduced MDA—demonstrates antioxidative cellular protection.
- Concurrent alteration in inflammatory biomarker gene expression and oxidative stress: how aerobic training and vitamin D improve T2DM
PubMed ID: 35733163
Exercise + vitamin D produced large, significant increases in total GSH, GPx and TAC—strong direct evidence for cellular antioxidant protection in humans.
- Effects of High-dose Vitamin E Supplementation on Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: a Randomized Double-blinded Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29891745
High-dose vitamin E increased plasma GSH and reduced LDL/total cholesterol—antioxidant effects pertinent to cell protection.
- Selenium supplementation lowers insulin resistance and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in patients with congestive heart failure: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29936923
Selenium in heart-failure patients increased total glutathione and TAC—improved systemic antioxidant protection.
- N-acetylcysteine in a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial: Toward Biomarker-Guided Treatment in Early Psychosis
PubMed ID: 29462456
NAC raised brain and blood GSH in early psychosis; biochemical neuroprotection and improved processing speed in a subgroup.
- Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation, and the effects on clinical, metabolic and genetic status in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30642737
Probiotic+selenium in Alzheimer's raised total GSH and TAC substantially—supports cellular antioxidant protection.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30217229
Increased total GSH and TAC with lower CRP, indicating enhanced cellular antioxidant defenses.
- Effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31271585
Marked increase in GSH/SOD and a large decrease in protein carbonylation—direct cellular protection signals.
- Influence of Synbiotics on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters
PubMed ID: 28286605
Synbiotic increased reduced GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio and decreased lipid peroxidation—direct biochemical cell‑protective evidence.
- Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 27306219
Cystine+theanine reduced chemo GI toxicity and improved treatment completion—clinical protection of tissues and function likely via GSH substrate support.
- Improved oxidative status in major abdominal surgery patients after N-acetyl cystein supplementation
PubMed ID: 25559659
NAC markedly raised GSH, lowered GSSG and reduced MDA and improved GSH:GSSG ratio—strong evidence for cellular antioxidant protection.
- The effects of polyphenol-containing antioxidants on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
PubMed ID: 19834314
Antioxidant supplement raised plasma GSH and decreased lipid peroxidation in diabetics—evidence of systemic cellular protection.
- Heparin reduces oxidative stress in the postoperative period
PubMed ID: 12218949
Low‑dose heparin post‑op reduced peroxide levels and increased some RBC antioxidant enzymes.
- Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme(s) activities in preterm infants
PubMed ID: 11779098
Erythropoietin in VLBW infants lowered MDA (lipid peroxidation), indicating reduced oxidative cellular damage.
- Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
PubMed ID: 11421501
One‑year NAC reduced airway H2O2 ~2–2.6x vs placebo in COPD — clear reduction in oxidative stress to cells.
- Oral supplementation with whey proteins increases plasma glutathione levels of HIV-infected patients
PubMed ID: 11168457
Cysteine‑rich whey produced a ≈44% plasma GSH increase and reduced stimulated superoxide release—direct strong evidence for cellular antioxidant protection.
- Studies regarding the antioxidant effects of selenium on top swimmers
PubMed ID: 2094341
Short selenium supplementation increased non‑protein ‑SH (glutathione) and reduced lipid peroxidation in swimmers.
- Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30665436
GSH increase and MDA decrease demonstrate reduced oxidative cellular damage.
- The Effectiveness of Herbal Mixture Supplements with and without Clomiphene Citrate in Comparison to Clomiphene Citrate on Serum Antioxidants and Glycemic Biomarkers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Willing to be Pregnant: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 31163689
Herbal mixture increased GPx, SOD and lowered MDA—biomarkers consistent with cellular protection.
- Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30637662
Selenium yeast increased total GSH and lowered MDA—clear biochemical support for cell protection via GSH pool.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30560426
Synbiotic increased total glutathione and TAC while lowering inflammatory markers—supports cellular antioxidant defenses.
- Effects of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on Metabolism of 1,3-Butadiene in Smokers
PubMed ID: 31771940
PEITC augmented GSH‑dependent butadiene conjugation substantially in GSTT1‑null smokers—functional GSH detoxification protecting macromolecules.
- Dose-dependent detoxication of the airborne pollutant benzene in a randomized trial of broccoli sprout beverage in Qidong, China
PubMed ID: 31268126
Broccoli‑sprout (sulforaphane) beverage increased benzene mercapturic‑acid excretion via GSH conjugation—indirect cellular protection from toxins.
- The effect of cumin supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30762267
Cumin essential oil raised SOD/TAC and lowered MDA—moderate indirect evidence of cell protection.
- Propolis as an Adjuvant in the Healing of Human Diabetic Foot Wounds Receiving Care in the Diagnostic and Treatment Centre from the Regional Hospital of Talca
PubMed ID: 31612147
Topical propolis increased tissue GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio in ulcers—direct tissue‑level cellular protection.
- Change of some oxidative stress parameters after supplementation with whey protein isolate in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 32065880
Cysteine‑rich whey improved GSH, GPx and GSH/GSSG ratio—directly supports cellular redox defense.
- Glutathione infusion before primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 31399448
Direct IV glutathione markedly reduced H2O2/isoprostanes and troponin after STEMI—strong cellular antioxidant protection.
- Effect of micronutrient pack on micronutrient status and antioxidant capacities among institutional older adults in Shanghai, China
PubMed ID: 31464392
Micronutrient pack increased antioxidant enzyme activities (incl. GSH‑Px) and lowered MDA in older adults—cell protection evidence.
- Antioxidant supplementation, redox deficiencies and exercise performance: A falsification design
PubMed ID: 32682929
Targeted restoration of GSH with NAC reduced oxidative damage (F2‑isoprostanes) and improved performance — protective against oxidative cellular injury when deficiency is present.
- Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in patients with colorectal and gastric cancers: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32063109
NAC reduced clinician‑rated chemotherapy neuropathy (cytoprotection) — direct protective effect in a small RCT.
- Evaluation of modulatory effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract on oxidative stress in ischemic stroke patients: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33151132
Saffron increased GSH/TAC and lowered MDA in ischemic stroke patients, suggesting reduced oxidative cellular injury.
- A randomized controlled trial to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement
PubMed ID: 23916928
Preoperative antioxidant regimen increased GPx and other antioxidant enzymes and reduced a major clinical complication.
- Effects of low-dose omega-3 fatty acid substitution in type-2 diabetes mellitus with special reference to oxidative stress--a prospective preliminary study
PubMed ID: 12421024
Omega‑3 in T2DM increased reduced glutathione and improved oxidative stress markers.
- Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 28183232
Ganoderma increased GSH and GPx and lowered TBARS in humans—direct antioxidant protection of cells.
- Regulation of N-acetyl cysteine on gut redox status and major microbiota in weaned piglets
PubMed ID: 24496840
NAC boosted GSH‑linked enzyme activities and lowered multiple oxidative markers in piglets—strong mechanistic protection for cells.
- Effect of antioxidant therapy on hepatic fibrosis and liver iron concentrations in β-thalassemia major patients
PubMed ID: 23565660
Antioxidant vitamins raised reduced GSH and lowered MDA in patients—clear reduction in cellular oxidative stress markers.
- Impact of weaning and an antioxidant blend on intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status in pigs
PubMed ID: 22896732
Antioxidant blend in weaned piglets improved GSH‑Px and reduced MDA — supports cellular protection in animal model.
- Combined therapy of silymarin and desferrioxamine in patients with beta-thalassemia major: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 19453758
Silymarin increased RBC glutathione — direct enhancement of cellular antioxidant capacity.
- Meal replacement with mixed rice is more effective than white rice in weight control, while improving antioxidant enzyme activity in obese women
PubMed ID: 19083390
Dietary intervention increased GPx activity and reduced TBARS (oxidative damage marker).
- The effect of unfiltered coffee on potential biomarkers for colonic cancer risk in healthy volunteers: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 10971235
Unfiltered coffee raised tissue and plasma glutathione — a biochemical change associated with cellular protection.
- Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza hydrophilic extract on antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients with chronic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21544882
Salvia hydrophilic extract raised GSH and antioxidant enzyme activities in diabetic CHD patients.
- [Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on lipid peroxidation antioxidant enzymes activity in patients with chronic cor pulmonale]
PubMed ID: 7841755
Salvia extract increased GSH‑Px and reduced lipid peroxidation in chronic cor pulmonale patients.
- Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 41096556
Large RCT with consistent antioxidant marker improvements (GPx/SOD↓MDA) — robust cell‑protection evidence.
- Curcumin for Inflammation Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40573083
Clear RCT evidence of increased GPx/SOD and decreased MDA — strong cell‑protective antioxidant signal.
- Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39125295
12‑month curcumin raised GPx/SOD/TAC and lowered MDA—consistent cellular antioxidant protection.
- Curcumin Nanomicelle Improves Lipid Profile, Stress Oxidative Factors and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Coronary Elective Angioplasty; A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33397249
Curcumin increased GPx/SOD and reduced MDA after angioplasty—reduced oxidative cell injury.
- The effects of curcumin intake on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33200488
Nanocurcumin increased total glutathione and TAC while improving metabolic markers — supports cellular antioxidant protection.
- Role of vitamin D in oxidative stress modulation in end-stage renal disease patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32519507
Vitamin D increased GPx and lowered MDA in hemodialysis patients — evidence for reduced oxidative cell damage (indirect).
- Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32807165
Fortified nutritional beverage raised plasma GSH (within group) and decreased IL‑6—supporting cellular antioxidant defenses.
- The effects of powdered black cumin seeds on markers of oxidative stress, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PubMed ID: 32359745
Nigella sativa raised antioxidant capacity and SOD and lowered MDA—indirectly supports cellular protection through antioxidant effects.
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial
PubMed ID: 33613521
NAC (GSH precursor) approximately doubled GSH and reduced lipid/DNA oxidation in hospitalized TB patients—strong cellular protection via redox restoration.
- Effect of selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and regulatory T cells in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A prospective randomized-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33650299
Selenium increased GPx3 (a GSH‑dependent enzyme) and antioxidant capacity in Hashimoto’s—indirectly supports cellular protection via enhanced GSH‑peroxidase activity.
- Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 34936984
Exercise increased total glutathione and SOD and reduced protein carbonylation—improves cellular antioxidant protection.
- Combination of topical and oral glutathione as a skin-whitening agent: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33871071
Topical+oral glutathione produced skin lightening and implies cutaneous antioxidant activity and melanogenesis modulation—cellular protection in skin.
- Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response
PubMed ID: 34533039
IV glutathione in STEMI robustly decreased oxidative activation (sNOX2) and TNF‑α and markedly reduced adverse remodeling—strong cellular protection evidence.
- Metabolic and Anti-inflammatory Response to Melatonin Administration in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
PubMed ID: 33492301
Melatonin increased GSH/TAC in diabetic nephropathy (improves cellular antioxidant capacity).
- Omega 3-rich Camelina sativa oil in the context of a weight loss program improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34423525
Camelina oil increased GPx and TAC and lowered MDA in NAFLD (cellular antioxidant benefit).
- A Short-Term Resistance Training Circuit Improved Antioxidants in Sedentary Adults with Down Syndrome
PubMed ID: 33532037
Resistance training significantly raised GSH/GR/TAS and lowered MDA/protein carbonyls (clear cellular protection).
- Are Resistance Training-Induced BDNF in Hemodialysis Patients Associated with Depressive Symptoms, Quality of Life, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Strength? An Insight for the Muscle-Brain-Renal Axis
PubMed ID: 34769814
Long‑term training robustly increased GSH/TROLOX and decreased TBARS (strong cellular antioxidant protection).
- N-Acetylcysteine effects on glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A preliminary MRS study
PubMed ID: 35839558
NAC raised medial PFC GSH (direct evidence of cellular antioxidant increase in brain).
- Antidyslipidemic, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Jelly Drink Containing Polyphenol-Rich Roselle Calyces Extract and Passion Fruit Juice with Pulp in Adults with Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36187334
Polyphenol jelly increased GSH and reduced MDA (systemic cellular antioxidant improvement).
- The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36448959
NAC increased total GSH/TAC and reduced hs‑CRP (direct cellular antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects).
- The Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Clinical Outcomes, Metabolic Profiles, and Pulsatility Index of the Uterine Artery in High-Risk Mothers in Terms of Preeclampsia Screening with Quadruple Test: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial : Selenium and preeclampsia
PubMed ID: 35224710
Selenium raised GSH/TAC and lowered hs‑CRP (direct antioxidant/cellular protection).
- Effects of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on disease activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and metabolic parameters in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 35133468
NAC increased GPx activity and reduced NO in RA (biochemical cellular protection despite no disease activity change).
- Early and prolonged glutathione infusion favorably impacts length of hospital stay in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients: a subanalysis of the GSH2014 Trial
PubMed ID: 36083043
IV glutathione after STEMI reduced LOS and implies cardiomyocyte protection (clinical cellular protection).
- Effects of Long-Term Regular Continuous and Intermittent Walking on Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Profile, Heart Rate Variability, and Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Hypertension
PubMed ID: 35140794
Walking increased total GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio and reduced MDA in older adults—improved cellular redox protection.
- Empagliflozin-Metformin Combination Has Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties that Correlate with Vascular Protection in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
PubMed ID: 35620570
Empagliflozin+metformin raised GPx/SOD and TAS and reduced pro‑oxidants—supports cellular protection.
- Sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast supplementation in atherosclerotic patients: Effects on the expression of pyroptosis-related genes and oxidative stress status
PubMed ID: 35365371
Selenium increased GPX and reduced MDA and inflammasome gene expression—clear cellular antioxidant/protection signals.
- Vascular benefits of vitamin C supplementation against fine particulate air pollution in healthy adults: A double-blind randomised crossover trial
PubMed ID: 35689890
Vitamin C increased GPx and reduced oxidative markers in polluted exposure—cellular antioxidant support.
- Eight-week supplementation of Aronia berry extract promoted the glutathione defence system against acute aerobic exercise-induced oxidative load immediately and 30 min post-exercise in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 36727618
Aronia extract increased GSH availability and GPx and lowered MDA responses—strong cell‑protective antioxidant effects in exercise model.
- Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress biomarkers, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
PubMed ID: 37386885
Oral NAC lowered MDA (lipid peroxidation) in MS—reduced oxidative damage to cells.
- Response to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
PubMed ID: 37405379
IV NAC attenuated decline in erythrocyte GSH and lowered oxidative/inflammatory markers in ICU patients.
- Guided Metabolic Detoxification Program Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes and Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Participants
PubMed ID: 37432335
Detox program increased TAC and GST activity—supports cellular protection via GSH pathways.
- Sequential inspiratory muscle exercise-noninvasive positive pressure ventilation alleviates oxidative stress in COPD by mediating SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
PubMed ID: 37828534
Inspiratory training raised GSH and lowered ROS/MDA in COPD—cellular antioxidant benefit.
- A Short-Term Safety Evaluation of Silbinol(®)- an Extract from Pterocarpus marsupium in Healthy Adults- a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37671486
Pterostilbene modestly increased blood GSH—some cellular antioxidant enhancement.
- Adjunctive N-Acetylcysteine and Lung Function in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39189858
NAC increased whole‑blood GSH in TB patients—direct evidence of cellular antioxidant protection.
- Melatonin administration lowers biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29275919
Melatonin raised plasma GSH and reduced oxidative markers in diabetics with coronary disease.
- Pomegranate extract alleviates disease activity and some blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients
PubMed ID: 27577177
Pomegranate increased GPx and reduced RA disease activity—antioxidant enzyme increase implies cellular protection.
- N-acetylcysteine in Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning: A Randomized, Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26786042
NAC increased GSH and decreased lipid peroxidation in organophosphate-poisoned patients—cell-protective effect.
- The effect of pomegranate juice on clinical signs, matrix metalloproteinases and antioxidant status in patients with knee osteoarthritis
PubMed ID: 26804926
Pomegranate juice increased GPx and lowered oxidative markers in OA patients—protects joint cells from oxidative damage.
- The effects of selenium supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 27647263
Selenium improved TAC/MDA and (after adjustment) GSH in diabetic nephropathy—cell protection via antioxidant pathways.
- 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke
PubMed ID: 27099270
PEITC markedly enhanced glutathione‑dependent detox conjugation of volatile toxicants—protects cells from electrophilic damage.
- A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study of N-acetylcysteine in youth with autism spectrum disorder
PubMed ID: 27103982
Oral NAC clearly raised peripheral GSH concentrations—direct replenishment of a primary cellular antioxidant.
- [Xinfeng Capsule increases peripheral blood BTLA expression of CD19(+) and CD24(+) B cells and relieves oxidative stress damage to improve cardiac function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]
PubMed ID: 25575067
Xinfeng capsule increased GSH and reduced ROS/MDA in RA patients—evidence of cellular antioxidant protection (multi‑component product).
- Improvement of antioxidant status after Brazil nut intake in hypertensive and dyslipidemic subjects
PubMed ID: 26022214
Brazil nut increased selenium and GPx activity and lowered LDL oxidation — functional antioxidant protection of lipids/cells.
- The Therapeutic Potential of Resistant Starch in Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Endotoxemia, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26655398
Resistant starch increased GPx, TAC and decreased MDA—clear cellular antioxidant improvements.
- The impact of silymarin on antioxidant and oxidative status in patients with β-thalassemia major: A crossover, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29154063
Large reductions in MDA/PCO and big GSH increase in humans—strong cellular-protection evidence.
- A randomized, double-blind phase I/IIa study of intranasal glutathione in Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 26230671
Intranasal glutathione was tolerated and produced small symptomatic benefit in Parkinson's—direct GSH provision with neuroprotective intent.
- Effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26250486
Selenium raised glutathione substantially and improved oxidative stress markers—strong cell protection signal.
- Vitamin D Supplementation Affects the Beck Depression Inventory, Insulin Resistance, and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26609167
Vitamin D increased glutathione and antioxidant capacity—supports cellular protection.
- Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26706022
Probiotics increased total glutathione and reduced metabolic stress—supports cellular redox status.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes and the malondialdehyde level in the blood of lead-exposed workers
PubMed ID: 24577230
Oral NAC reduced MDA and restored antioxidant enzymes in lead‑exposed workers—strong evidence for cellular oxidative protection.
- The effect of a membrane dialyzer during hemodialysis on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation of patients with end-stage renal disease
PubMed ID: 25394434
Hemodialysis type strongly affected erythrocyte GSH and MDA—demonstrates importance of GSH to cellular protection in clinical care.
- Long-term treatment with oral N-acetylcysteine: affects lung function but not sputum inflammation in cystic fibrosis subjects. A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25228446
Oral NAC preserved pulmonary function in CF and is a known GSH precursor—supports cellular protection in lung tissue.
- Comparative effects of two different forms of selenium on oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy men: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24938534
Selenium‑yeast reduced urinary lipid/DNA oxidation markers—evidence of reduced molecular/cellular damage.
- Effects of Yogic Practice on Metabolism and Antioxidant-Redox Status of Physically Active Males
PubMed ID: 24834493
Yoga increased reduced GSH and total antioxidant status—supports cellular redox protection.
- N-acetyl cysteine for prevention of oral mucositis in hematopoietic SCT: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24614837
NAC increased GPx‑1 and reduced mucositis—direct clinical evidence of cellular protection via enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Rapid and sustainable detoxication of airborne pollutants by broccoli sprout beverage: results of a randomized clinical trial in China
PubMed ID: 24913818
Broccoli‑sprout beverage increased GSH‑mediated conjugation of toxic electrophiles, lowering cellular exposure to reactive chemicals.
- Cruciferous vegetables have variable effects on biomarkers of systemic inflammation in a randomized controlled trial in healthy young adults
PubMed ID: 25165394
Vegetable‑rich diets reduced IL‑6 and interacted with GST genotypes—links to glutathione enzyme pathways and cellular antioxidation.
- Effects of DASH diet on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25194966
DASH diet increased total glutathione and total antioxidant capacity—markers of enhanced cellular protection.
- Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione
PubMed ID: 24791752
Oral GSH produced substantial increases in systemic and buccal-cell GSH—direct antioxidant/cell-protection evidence.
- Effects of water extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense on blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles of subjects with metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 24371832
Herbal extract increased antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD) which contribute to cell protection alongside GSH pathways.
- Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure
PubMed ID: 24144057
Glycine reduced lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and altered antioxidant enzyme activity—supports cellular protection.
- Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect rodent lungs from hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation
PubMed ID: 24294000
Nanoceria preserved GSH/GSSG and strongly lowered lipid/protein oxidation in hypoxic lungs (preclinical cell protection evidence).
- Correlation of plasma lipidomic profiles with cardiometabolic disease in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with six-month N-acetylcysteine intervention: A prospective cohort study
PubMed ID: 41135647
NAC (GSH precursor) improved multiple antioxidant/lipidomic measures—strong evidence of cellular protection.
- The effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on oxidative stress and sperm health in varicocele patients: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41032943
Lycium barbarum increased SOD/GPx and decreased MDA with functional sperm improvements — strong antioxidant cellular protection.
- A Standardised Exercise Protocol to Induce Oxidative Stress in Humans: Validation with a Dietary Polyphenol Intervention
PubMed ID: 41010497
Rooibos preserved/supported tGSH/GSH recovery after exercise and tended to reduce MDA — cellular antioxidant protection.
- Sodium benzoate treatment linked to increased glutathione levels and improved positive and negative symptoms, global function, and quality of life in patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41401723
Sodium benzoate raised blood GSH in schizophrenia and GSH changes correlated with clinical outcomes — supports cellular antioxidant relevance.
- Impact of nano-selenium supplementation add-on sertraline on depressive symptoms and oxidative stress in patients with major depressive disorder: a triple-blind randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 41057673
Nano‑selenium raised GPx and TAC alongside clinical improvements — biochemical cellular protection evidence.
- Effectiveness of 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with different dietary patterns on body composition, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in healthy adults: An exploratory study from an RCT
PubMed ID: 40311185
TRE + vegetarian diet raised GSH and antioxidant enzymes and lowered lipid peroxidation — clear cellular protection markers.
- Effects of a Probiotic Formulation Based on SF68, Phytosterols, and 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid on Body Composition, Biochemical Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal and General Symptoms of Overweight/Obese Subjects: The PrObesity Study
PubMed ID: 40965226
Large erythrocyte GSH increase (+81.9%) and marked ROS reductions demonstrate strong cellular antioxidant protection.
- Improving the selenium supply of vegans and omnivores with Brazil nut butter compared to a dietary supplement in a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39891729
Selenium interventions increased GPX3 activity — indirectly enhances glutathione system and cellular protection.
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Hybrid Tai Chi Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme for Psychological Stress Reduction and Oxidative Stress in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40922118
Cardiac Tai‑chi rehab increased antioxidant enzymes (GSH‑Px, CAT) and reduced lipid oxidation markers — cellular protection.
- N-acetylcysteine modulates markers of oxidation, inflammation and infection in tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39756697
Adjunct NAC quickly raised total glutathione (a primary intracellular antioxidant) and reduced inflammatory markers — strong cell‑protective signal.
- Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40859523
Vitamins+exercise raised GSH and decreased lipid peroxidation in older adults — supports cellular antioxidant defenses.
- Clinical efficacy of ilaprazole combined with somatostatin on severe acute pancreatitis and the effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response
PubMed ID: 39348650
Treatment in severe pancreatitis raised antioxidant enzymes (including GPx) and reduced MDA — cellular oxidative protection.
- Oral administration of cysteine peptides attenuates UV-B-induced skin erythema and pigmentation in humans
PubMed ID: 39333704
Cysteine‑peptide containing GSH increased UV resistance (reduced erythema) — direct demonstration of cellular protection in skin.
- RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
PubMed ID: 38691102
Pyridoxine increased serum GSH and antioxidant enzymes and lowered oxidative/inflammatory injury markers in sepsis — cell protection evidence.
- Consumption of a new developed synbiotic yogurt improves oxidative stress status in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39223205
Synbiotic raised GPx and lowered TOS—enhanced cellular antioxidant defenses.
- Effects of long-term Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 39332640
Exercise increased blood GSH and catalase in Parkinson's—supports cellular redox defenses.
- Modulation of circulating levels of advanced glycation end products and its impact on intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries: CORDIOPREV randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39402581
Dietary intervention elevated GSH and glyoxalase expression—cellular protection from AGE stressors.
- Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) juices improved HDL-c levels and antioxidant defense of healthy adults in a 4-week randomized cross-over study
PubMed ID: 32349893
Juice raised TAC and GPx—demonstrates increased antioxidant defense protecting cells.
- Nigella sativa improves glycemic control and ameliorates oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: placebo controlled participant blinded clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25706772
Nigella sativa raised glutathione by ~19% over a year—clear increase in cellular antioxidant capacity.
- Randomized trial to evaluate the clinical benefits of serum alpha-glutathione S-transferase concentration monitoring after liver transplantation
PubMed ID: 9392310
Alpha‑GST monitoring allowed earlier graft injury detection and improved outcomes—indirectly protected graft cells via earlier intervention.
- Association of alpha-interferon and acetyl cysteine in patients with chronic C hepatitis
PubMed ID: 11218623
NAC with interferon improved oxidative markers and reduced relapse in HCV—NAC is a GSH precursor showing cytoprotective benefit.
- Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutrition
PubMed ID: 12198013
Cysteine (NAC) supplementation rapidly and markedly restored erythrocyte cysteine and GSH synthesis—direct and powerful evidence of cellular protection via GSH replenishment.
- [Protective effect of reduced glutathione on multiple organ function in patient with acute pancreatitis]
PubMed ID: 16297323
IV reduced GSH reduced inflammatory cytokines and organ-injury biomarkers in acute pancreatitis, indicating protection of tissues/cells.
- Oxidative-inflammatory damage in cirrhosis: effect of vitamin E and a fermented papaya preparation
PubMed ID: 17444858
FPP decreased leukocyte 8-OHdG (oxidative DNA damage) in HCV-related cirrhosis — direct evidence of cellular protection from oxidative damage.
- Effects of glutamine supplementation on patients undergoing abdominal surgery
PubMed ID: 19382426
Perioperative glutamine preserved plasma/RBC GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio, supporting intracellular redox protection.
- [Effect of reduced glutathione on impairment of hepatic function after delayed resuscitation of severe burn shock]
PubMed ID: 19220959
Reduced GSH therapy improved liver injury markers and bilirubin in burned patients, consistent with reduced cellular injury.
- Improvement of liver function in humans using a mixture of schisandra fruit extract and sesamin
PubMed ID: 22610748
Schisandra+sesamin increased GPx and glutathione reductase activities — enhances cellular antioxidant defenses.
- Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract improves hepatic abnormalities in male subjects
PubMed ID: 26604653
Sulforaphane precursor reduced oxidative DNA damage in fatty liver patients—evidence of cellular protective effects.
Wellbeing (207)
- Selenate fortification improves selenium status of term infants fed soy formula
PubMed ID: 7825537
Selenate‑fortified soy formula maintained higher selenium and GPx—sustained biochemical wellness marker improvement.
- A trial of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and procysteine in ARDS. The Antioxidant in ARDS Study Group
PubMed ID: 9228372
Restored RBC GSH and improved clinical course in ARDS indicates systemic benefit beyond biochemical change.
- [Selenium administration in sepsis patients]
PubMed ID: 9417486
Selenium normalized GSH‑Px and improved clinical outcomes/mortality in the critically ill, supporting systemic wellness.
- Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment
PubMed ID: 9230243
NAC reduced frequency/severity of influenza‑like illness and improved immune responsiveness in elderly—clear wellness benefit.
- Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial
PubMed ID: 9261526
Glutathione with cisplatin preserved renal function, allowed more complete chemo, and improved multiple QoL domains.
- L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
PubMed ID: 9502783
Oral OTC raised intracellular GSH and improved endothelial function in CAD patients—meaningful systemic effect.
- A phase I/II evaluation of oral L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
PubMed ID: 9590463
Cysteine prodrug raised whole-blood glutathione in asymptomatic HIV patients at therapeutic doses (systemic antioxidant support).
- Functional biochemical and nutrient indices in frail elderly people are partly affected by dietary supplements but not by exercise
PubMed ID: 10539780
Nutrient-enriched foods corrected glutathione-reductase deficiency in frail elderly—supports systemic nutritional health.
- N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection
PubMed ID: 11029607
Oral NAC restored whole‑blood and T‑cell GSH in HIV—direct improvement in glutathione status.
- The effect of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine on lipoperoxidative damage in patients with early septic shock
PubMed ID: 10852765
IV glutathione (±NAC) reduced oxidative damage and improved clinical scores in septic shock—substantial systemic benefit.
- Selenium supplementation of children in a selenium-deficient area in China: blood selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities
PubMed ID: 11049204
Selenium supplementation in deficient children produced large GPx increases and better selenium stores — supports health in deficiency.
- Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on selenoenzyme activity in blood lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets and erythrocytes
PubMed ID: 10781391
Selenium supplementation increased GPx activity—a broad glutathione‑system benefit supporting wellness.
- Management of chronic otitis media with effusion: the role of glutathione
PubMed ID: 11568588
Nasal glutathione produced a large absolute clinical benefit in children with middle-ear effusion, reflecting improved health status.
- [A therapeutical approach by administering reduced glutathione to patients with uremic anemia]
PubMed ID: 12600115
Adjunct IV glutathione improved erythropoietic response in uremic anemia, a clinically meaningful wellness outcome.
- Effects of long-term supplementation with whey proteins on plasma glutathione levels of HIV-infected patients
PubMed ID: 11990003
Whey protein increased plasma glutathione persistently in HIV patients—direct increase in systemic antioxidant capacity that supports overall health.
- Selenium supplements do not increase plasma total homocysteine concentrations in men and women
PubMed ID: 12566477
Large RCT showed selenium supplementation raised plasma Se and GPx activity—improves systemic antioxidant enzyme function relevant to wellness.
- N-acetylcysteine as an additive to crystalloid cardioplegia increased oxidative stress capacity in CABG patients
PubMed ID: 14668186
NAC preserved myocardial GSH and lowered inflammatory enzyme during bypass — perioperative wellness/organ protection.
- The 6-a-day study: effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in healthy nonsmokers
PubMed ID: 15159237
Whole fruit/vegetable diet increased GPx and plasma resistance to oxidation vs supplements — broad wellness implication.
- [Enhancement of antioxidant capability of cancer patients during chemotherapy by reduced glutathione]
PubMed ID: 15087038
IV reduced glutathione reduced chemotherapy-induced oxidative damage and preserved antioxidant enzymes — supports patient wellbeing during treatment.
- Effects of antioxidant supplementation on postprandial oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: a single-blind, 15-day clinical trial in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and healthy controls
PubMed ID: 16368447
15-day antioxidant regimen including NAC improved systemic oxidative stress and endothelial markers across subject groups — general wellness support.
- Rosa roxburghii supplementation in a controlled feeding study increases plasma antioxidant capacity and glutathione redox state
PubMed ID: 15782288
Rosa roxburghii supplementation raised plasma antioxidant capacity and improved GSH:GSSG ratio in healthy volunteers.
- Biological effects of fruit and vegetables
PubMed ID: 16441945
Dietary increase of GPx and lower LDL supports general health.
- Effect of weight loss with or without orlistat treatment on adipocytokines, inflammation, and oxidative markers in obese women
PubMed ID: 17178701
Weight loss lowered inflammation/oxidative stress—substantial overall wellness benefit.
- N-acetyl cysteine for depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder--a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 18534556
NAC adjunct improved depressive symptoms — psychiatric benefit contributes to overall wellness.
- Influence of early antioxidant supplements on clinical evolution and organ function in critically ill cardiac surgery, major trauma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
PubMed ID: 18687132
Antioxidant supplementation normalized GPx and lowered CRP in critically ill patients—improved systemic redox/inflammatory status.
- Effect of an antioxidant functional food beverage on exercise-induced oxidative stress: a long-term and large-scale clinical intervention study
PubMed ID: 19857542
Antioxidant beverage prevented exercise‑induced oxidized GSH and DNA damage in older adults (broad protective effect).
- Lycium barbarum (goji) juice improves in vivo antioxidant biomarkers in serum of healthy adults
PubMed ID: 19185773
Goji juice increased endogenous antioxidant enzymes and lowered lipid peroxidation in older adults.
- Regular daily intake of black tea improves oxidative stress biomarkers and decreases serum C-reactive protein levels in type 2 diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 20668372
Raised glutathione and lowered CRP in T2DM after black tea—supports antioxidant/anti‑inflammatory wellness.
- Effect of vitamin E on reperfusion injuries during reconstructive vascular operations on lower limbs
PubMed ID: 20203367
Perioperative antioxidant effects (vitamin E) reduced markers of oxidative stress and inflammation—general health benefit (indirect).
- Association of selenium status and blood glutathione concentrations in blacks and whites
PubMed ID: 21462082
Population/intervention data linking selenium to higher GSH and GCL activity—strong systemic antioxidant support.
- Associations between glutathione peroxidase-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, selenium status, and DNA damage levels in obese women after consumption of Brazil nuts
PubMed ID: 21208780
Brazil nut (selenium) improved GPx and reduced DNA damage — supports systemic antioxidant capacity.
- The effect of caloric restriction and glycemic load on measures of oxidative stress and antioxidants in humans: results from the CALERIE Trial of Human Caloric Restriction
PubMed ID: 21623467
Calorie restriction increased GPx and reduced oxidative damage — broad systemic benefits associated with wellness.
- Vegetarian diet improves insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers more than conventional diet in subjects with Type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 21480966
Diet raising reduced GSH and improving insulin sensitivity / visceral fat — multiple health domains improved.
- Effect of vitamins C and E on antioxidant status of breast-cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
PubMed ID: 21204889
Antioxidant vitamins restored GSH and enzymes during chemo and reduced oxidative damage — overall protective effect.
- High-dose selenium reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia and illness severity in critically ill patients with systemic inflammation
PubMed ID: 21445641
Improved organ‑failure scores and increased GPx activity in critical illness indicate broad clinical benefit tied to antioxidant defenses.
- Modulation of the metabolism of airborne pollutants by glucoraphanin-rich and sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout beverages in Qidong, China
PubMed ID: 22045030
Broccoli sprouts increased glutathione conjugation and pollutant excretion — broad detoxifying/wellness implication.
- Short-term individual nutritional care as part of routine clinical setting improves outcome and quality of life in malnourished medical patients
PubMed ID: 20937544
Individualized nutritional care improved weight maintenance and reduced complications/readmissions—practical wellness outcomes.
- N-acetylcysteine reduces disease activity by blocking mammalian target of rapamycin in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22549432
NAC improved clinical SLE activity, fatigue and immune biomarkers—broadly consistent with improved wellness.
- Time-course evaluation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers after renal transplantation
PubMed ID: 22263958
Post-transplant normalization of GSH and reduced oxidative markers indicates broader restoration of antioxidant homeostasis.
- Tai chi diminishes oxidative stress in Mexican older adults
PubMed ID: 22836707
Tai Chi improved multiple antioxidant enzymes and lowered lipid peroxidation in older adults — lifestyle change with wellness benefits.
- Changes in antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors of overweight young men after six weeks supplementation of whey protein isolate and resistance training
PubMed ID: 22889987
Resistance training ± whey increased GSH and TAC and improved lipids — combined lifestyle/nutrition effect that supports wellness.
- Micronutrient supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients enhances activity of antioxidant enzymes
PubMed ID: 22684652
Micronutrient cocktail in haemodialysis raised GPx and preserved SOD — improved antioxidant enzyme profile consistent with overall health support.
- Effects of zinc supplementation on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 23140661
Zinc produced marked increases in whole-blood GSH and TAC and lowered MDA — broad antioxidant benefits supporting overall wellness.
- A randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of DASH diet on insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes
PubMed ID: 23466048
DASH diet increased GSH and improved metabolic markers in gestational diabetes — dietary pattern supporting general health.
- The effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C on cognitive performance of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in Isfahan, Iran: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24326981
Vitamin C+E increased GSH and TAC and reduced MDA across 1 year in elderly with MCI — systemic antioxidant improvement.
- Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro- and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 24102912
Interval aerobic training improved glycemic control and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity—general health/wellness improvement via glutathione pathway.
- Daily nutritional dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals improves DNA and LDL stability: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24352096
Supplement reduced DNA damage and ox‑LDL in low fruit/veg adults—general antioxidant/wellness implication.
- Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23786900
Large rise in plasma GSH and reduced hs‑CRP and insulin suggest meaningful systemic wellness benefits in the studied group.
- The administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress and regulates glutathione metabolism in the blood cells of workers exposed to lead
PubMed ID: 23731375
NAC increased erythrocyte GSH and reduced oxidative pigments in exposed workers—biochemical improvements supportive of wellness.
- Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 23899653
Probiotic improved plasma GSH and inflammation and moderated glucose rise—broad systemic benefits consistent with overall wellness.
- Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione
PubMed ID: 24791752
Direct oral glutathione RCT increased systemic/tissue GSH and boosted an immune marker, supporting broad wellness claims.
- Rapid and sustainable detoxication of airborne pollutants by broccoli sprout beverage: results of a randomized clinical trial in China
PubMed ID: 24913818
Broccoli‑sprout beverage enhanced GSH‑conjugation of pollutants—reducing toxin burden supports overall health.
- Effects of Yogic Practice on Metabolism and Antioxidant-Redox Status of Physically Active Males
PubMed ID: 24834493
Yoga trial raised GSH and total antioxidant status—broad wellness benefit via improved redox balance.
- Long-term treatment with oral N-acetylcysteine: affects lung function but not sputum inflammation in cystic fibrosis subjects. A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25228446
NAC preserved lung function in CF patients—meaningful functional health benefit contributing to overall wellness.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes and the malondialdehyde level in the blood of lead-exposed workers
PubMed ID: 24577230
Oral NAC reduced oxidative stress in occupational exposure—broad health/wellness benefit in exposed workers.
- Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26706022
Probiotic RCT increased total glutathione and improved mood/insulin—broad wellness signals.
- Vitamin D Supplementation Affects the Beck Depression Inventory, Insulin Resistance, and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26609167
Vitamin D raised glutathione and improved insulin/depression outcomes—general wellness relevance.
- Effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26250486
Selenium increased glutathione and improved glucose/HOMA‑IR in gestational diabetes—systemic benefit.
- The Therapeutic Potential of Resistant Starch in Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Endotoxemia, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26655398
Resistant starch improved antioxidant status and multiple metabolic markers—broad health benefits.
- N-acetylcysteine for therapy-resistant tobacco use disorder: a pilot study
PubMed ID: 25729878
NAC aided smoking reduction and increased quit rates — large, direct lifestyle/health benefit supportive of overall wellness.
- Role of antioxidants in gestational diabetes mellitus and relation to fetal outcome: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26999688
Antioxidant regimen in gestational diabetes improved maternal antioxidant status and neonatal outcomes—meaningful wellness effects.
- The effects of selenium supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 27647263
Selenium in diabetic nephropathy improved TAC/MDA/GSH markers—moderate systemic antioxidant/wellness benefit.
- The Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Metabolic Status of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed ID: 27490918
Soy isoflavone RCT raised GSH and improved metabolic markers in PCOS women.
- Melatonin administration lowers biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29275919
Raised plasma GSH and improved oxidative/metabolic markers in cardiometabolic patients.
- The Impact of Probiotic Soy Milk Consumption on Oxidative Stress Among Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 28579313
Probiotic soy milk raised GSH and related enzyme activities in diabetic kidney disease patients (human RCT).
- The impact of silymarin on antioxidant and oxidative status in patients with β-thalassemia major: A crossover, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29154063
Broad improvements in antioxidant capacity and GSH in humans—supports overall physiological resilience.
- The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28395131
Zinc RCT raised total GSH and TAC and improved wound healing—broad wellness signal via antioxidant support.
- Phase IIb Study of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson's Disease
PubMed ID: 28436395
Direct intranasal GSH trial showed modest clinical benefit in Parkinson's and CNS GSH trend (direct GSH supplementation evidence).
- Long-Term Vitamin D Supplementation Affects Metabolic Status in Vitamin D-Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
PubMed ID: 28122931
Vitamin D increased GSH, lowered MDA and improved glycemic markers (multisystem benefits tied to antioxidant effects).
- Clinical trial of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on psychological symptoms and metabolic profiles in maintenance methadone treatment patients
PubMed ID: 28642082
Vitamin D in methadone patients produced large increases in GSH and TAC, consistent with broad wellness improvement (trial evidence).
- The additional effects of a probiotic mix on abdominal adiposity and antioxidant Status: A double-blind, randomized trial
PubMed ID: 28008750
Probiotic + diet increased GPx activity and reduced abdominal adiposity (metabolic/wellness relevance via antioxidant improvement).
- Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28619005
Immunonutrition raised GSH and lowered IL‑6 in TBI—supports systemic recovery/wellness through antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on mental health parameters and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30057015
Large RCT (probiotic+selenium) produced substantial GSH increase and metabolic/inflammatory improvements—broad wellness implications.
- Metabolic and genetic response to probiotics supplementation in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30113051
Probiotics increased total glutathione and improved glucose/triglycerides—systemic wellness effects in diabetic nephropathy.
- Whey Protein Supplementation Improves Nutritional Status, Glutathione Levels, and Immune Function in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29565716
Whey protein with zinc/selenium increased GSH and improved nutritional/immune markers in cancer patients—general wellness support.
- Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation, and the effects on clinical, metabolic and genetic status in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30642737
Probiotic+selenium improved cognition and GSH/TAC in Alzheimer's—meaningful systemic health benefit in elderly patients.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30217229
Improved GSH/TAC and lower CRP suggest broad systemic benefit to wellness.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes
PubMed ID: 28786012
Synbiotic raised GSH/TAC and reduced CRP, with some clinical neonatal outcome improvements.
- Effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31271585
Large increases in GSH and antioxidant enzymes with reduction in oxidative damage and depressive symptoms indicate global benefit.
- Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30665436
Marked increases in GSH/TAC and reduced oxidative stress support general wellness.
- The Effectiveness of Herbal Mixture Supplements with and without Clomiphene Citrate in Comparison to Clomiphene Citrate on Serum Antioxidants and Glycemic Biomarkers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Willing to be Pregnant: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 31163689
Herbal mixture increased key antioxidant enzymes and improved metabolic/reproductive outcomes in PCOS—broad health benefits.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30560426
Synbiotic increased total GSH/TAC and lowered inflammation in diabetic HD patients—supports general health.
- Change of some oxidative stress parameters after supplementation with whey protein isolate in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 32065880
Cysteine‑rich whey improved glutathione system, oxidative/inflammatory markers, and glycemia—multidimensional wellness effects.
- Glutathione infusion before primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 31399448
IV glutathione reduced oxidative injury and myocardial damage after STEMI—meaningful clinical wellness impact.
- Effect of micronutrient pack on micronutrient status and antioxidant capacities among institutional older adults in Shanghai, China
PubMed ID: 31464392
Comprehensive micronutrient pack improved antioxidant enzymes and reduced MDA in institutional older adults—broad wellness relevance.
- Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32807165
Nutritional intervention that increased GSH and improved muscle mass/strength and inflammation markers—supports general health.
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial
PubMed ID: 33613521
NAC supplementation improved GSH and antioxidant status in TB patients—improves systemic resilience.
- Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 34936984
Exercise raising endogenous GSH and SOD is a general wellness benefit.
- Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response
PubMed ID: 34533039
IV GSH reduced oxidative activation and adverse remodeling post‑MI—meaningful clinical benefit contributing to overall health.
- A Short-Term Resistance Training Circuit Improved Antioxidants in Sedentary Adults with Down Syndrome
PubMed ID: 33532037
Exercise increased systemic GSH/TAS and reduced oxidative damage — broad wellness effect.},{
- Effects of Long-Term Regular Continuous and Intermittent Walking on Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Profile, Heart Rate Variability, and Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Hypertension
PubMed ID: 35140794
Regular walking increased endogenous GSH and lowered oxidative stress in older hypertensive adults—supports overall health.
- Effect of vitamin D on oxidative stress and serum inflammatory factors in the patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 35403296
Vitamin D raised GSH and reduced inflammatory cytokines in T2DM—broad systemic benefit.
- Impact of Treatment with Antioxidants as an Adjuvant to Standard Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock: Analysis of the Correlation between Cytokine Storm and Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Effects
PubMed ID: 38068931
Antioxidant adjuncts in septic shock improved organ dysfunction (SOFA) and oxidative markers—important clinical wellness signal in critical illness.
- Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress biomarkers, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
PubMed ID: 37386885
Oral NAC lowered oxidative damage and anxiety in MS—benefits consistent with overall wellness.
- Response to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
PubMed ID: 37405379
IV NAC improved oxygenation and inflammatory profile in critically ill patients—clinically meaningful wellness effect.
- Guided Metabolic Detoxification Program Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes and Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Participants
PubMed ID: 37432335
Detox program increased TAC, GST and lowered PBMC ROS—broad antioxidant/wellness effects in healthy volunteers.
- Longitudinal metabolomics analysis reveals the acute effect of cysteine and NAC included in the combined metabolic activators
PubMed ID: 37245532
Pharmacometabolomic study of NAC/cysteine shows tolerated precursor effects that support GSH biology.
- Adjunctive N-Acetylcysteine and Lung Function in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39189858
NAC supplementation increased whole‑blood GSH and improved lung recovery—positive clinical wellness outcome.
- Modulation of circulating levels of advanced glycation end products and its impact on intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries: CORDIOPREV randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39402581
Mediterranean diet raised GSH and favorably altered AGE‑detox gene expression across a large cohort.
- Effects of long-term Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 39332640
Exercise increased GSH and antioxidant enzymes in Parkinson's—functional and biochemical wellness benefits.
- Consumption of a new developed synbiotic yogurt improves oxidative stress status in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39223205
Synbiotic yogurt raised GPx and lowered total oxidative status in metabolic‑syndrome adults—systemic wellness signal.
- The effect of low-level laser therapy on the oxidative stress level and quality of life in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PubMed ID: 38628043
Low‑level laser therapy in Hashimoto’s increased GSH and improved quality of life — direct QoL/wellness signal.
- Grape seed extract supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 38419408
Grape seed extract improved oxidative markers and QoL in NAFLD — supports overall wellness.
- The effects of melatonin on follicular oxidative stress and art outcomes in women with diminished ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39780224
Melatonin increased follicular GSH and clinically relevant ART outcomes — contributes to reproductive wellness and cellular health.
- Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40859523
Vitamins + resistance training raised GSH and improved muscle/functional outcomes in older adults — broad wellness relevance.
- Effects of a Probiotic Formulation Based on SF68, Phytosterols, and 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid on Body Composition, Biochemical Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal and General Symptoms of Overweight/Obese Subjects: The PrObesity Study
PubMed ID: 40965226
Significant erythrocyte GSH rise and reductions in ROS plus metabolic improvements indicate broad wellness benefits.
- Effectiveness of 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with different dietary patterns on body composition, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in healthy adults: An exploratory study from an RCT
PubMed ID: 40311185
TRE plus vegetarian diet increased GSH and antioxidant enzymes and lowered oxidative damage—broad wellness signals.
- Correlation of plasma lipidomic profiles with cardiometabolic disease in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with six-month N-acetylcysteine intervention: A prospective cohort study
PubMed ID: 41135647
NAC produced systemic lipidomic and HRV improvements in patients—broad health signals consistent with improved wellness.
- Dietary supplementation with a novel l-carnitine multi-micronutrient in idiopathic male subfertility involving oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia: A randomized clinical study
PubMed ID: 32330373
Six‑month multi‑micronutrient (including glutathione) improved sperm parameters and pregnancy rates—substantial overall health/wellness outcomes.
- Nigella sativa improves glycemic control and ameliorates oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: placebo controlled participant blinded clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25706772
One‑year Nigella study improved glycemic control and increased glutathione—durable systemic wellness benefit.
- Randomized trial to evaluate the clinical benefits of serum alpha-glutathione S-transferase concentration monitoring after liver transplantation
PubMed ID: 9392310
Alpha‑GST monitoring after liver transplant improved survival and reduced morbidity—clear contribution to overall patient wellbeing.
- Association of alpha-interferon and acetyl cysteine in patients with chronic C hepatitis
PubMed ID: 11218623
NAC added to interferon improved oxidative balance and relapse rates in hepatitis C—clinically meaningful wellness benefit.
- Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutrition
PubMed ID: 12198013
NAC restored GSH synthesis in severely malnourished children with large biochemical improvements—strong overall health benefit.
- Effects of glutamine supplementation on patients undergoing abdominal surgery
PubMed ID: 19382426
Glutamine-supplemented TPN preserved systemic GSH status and improved albumin after surgery — indicates systemic wellness benefits in postoperative patients.
- Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
PubMed ID: 33105552
Direct increases in intracellular reduced GSH and improved antioxidant/inflammatory markers—broad support for wellness.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC restored GSH and improved multiple health domains in older adults—broad support for overall wellness.
- A Multi-Omic Mosaic Model of Acetaminophen Induced Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation
PubMed ID: 37231244
Multi‑omic associations tie lowered GSH to acetaminophen injury—supports importance of GSH to systemic resilience.
- Grape seed extract in combination with deferasirox ameliorates iron overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction in beta thalassemia children
PubMed ID: 37832335
GSE raised GSH and lowered inflammation/ALT in children—supports systemic benefit via antioxidant effects.
- Therapeutic effects of reduced glutathione on liver function, fibrosis, and HBV DNA clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients
PubMed ID: 39920583
IV GSH improved liver biochemistry, fibrosis markers and viral clearance—meaningful clinical wellness improvements in HBV patients.
- Depletion of plasma antioxidants in surgical intensive care unit patients requiring parenteral feeding: effects of parenteral nutrition with or without alanyl-glutamine dipeptide supplementation
PubMed ID: 18065204
Glutamine‑supplemented PN increased GSH in a subgroup and improved micronutrient status—supports recovery/wellness in specific settings.
- The effect of intravenous alanyl-glutamine supplementation on plasma glutathione levels in intensive care unit trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition: the results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19608826
IV alanyl‑Gln raised total plasma glutathione in trauma patients—clear systemic antioxidant improvement relevant to wellness.
- Antioxidant effects of D002 on the in vitro susceptibility of whole plasma in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 11578760
D002 improved plasma resistance to oxidation and TAS—general antioxidant support relevant to wellness.
- Improvement of hemorheological abnormalities in alcoholics by an oral antioxidant
PubMed ID: 11379344
Oral antioxidant improved plasma GSH and red‑cell markers in alcoholics—supports systemic recovery.
- Treatment with metadoxine and its impact on early mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis
PubMed ID: 24756009
Major survival benefit in severe alcoholic hepatitis with metadoxine implies a substantial overall-health impact via antioxidant/GSH mechanisms.
- The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31902378
Flaxseed n‑3 improved total glutathione and metabolic markers in gestational diabetes—systemic wellness improvement.
- Restoration of blood total glutathione status and lymphocyte function following alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in patients with HIV infection
PubMed ID: 18315507
ALA increased whole-blood GSH and improved lymphocyte responses in HIV patients—general wellness/immune function relevance.
- Alpha-lipoic acid improves subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes
PubMed ID: 24172699
ALA raised GSH and improved oxidative and early cardiac function in young diabetics—supports systemic health.
- A Clinical Trial about a Food Supplement Containing α-Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
PubMed ID: 27801825
Large RCT of a multi-ingredient supplement including ALA improved glycemic control and antioxidant markers — broad wellness implications.
- Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 31060549
Dose‑dependent large increases in GSH and endothelial improvement in metabolic syndrome indicate systemic wellness gains.
- Improvement on blood pressure and skin using roselle drink: A clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35758855
Roselle drink increased circulating GSH and antioxidant enzymes and lowered blood pressure—broad wellness effects.
- Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women
PubMed ID: 37049398
Citrulline+GSH improved endothelial function and reduced BP reactivity—meaningful cardiovascular wellness benefit.
- Weizmannia coagulans BC99 regulates oxidative stress and serum metabolic pathways to improve allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 41208993
Probiotic improved rhinitis symptoms and modestly increased GSH and SOD—contributes to wellness.
- Coenzyme Q(10), vitamin E, selenium, and methionine in the treatment of chronic recurrent viral mucocutaneous infections
PubMed ID: 22079390
Nutraceutical combination improved antioxidant capacity and clinical outcomes in viral skin disease—general wellness support.
- Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism
PubMed ID: 22151477
Robust increases in GSH and ATP with symptom improvement in treated participants—broad wellness signal.
- Product of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longgui Yangxinwan Protects the Human Body from Altitude Sickness Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction
PubMed ID: 38995860
Reduced ROS and preserved ATP under oxidative stress support systemic resilience.
- Erzhi Tiangui formula increases the number of high-quality blastocysts in patients with advanced age by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 41469678
Improved cellular antioxidant signaling and embryo quality reflect improved tissue health and function.
- Management of cognitive determinants in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type: therapeutic potential of a novel polyherbal drug product
PubMed ID: 25316430
Large RCT raised systemic GSH markedly and improved cognitive measures—broad benefit for health status.
- Effects of trace element and/or vitamin supplementation on vitamin and mineral status, free radical metabolism and immunological markers in elderly long term-hospitalized subjects. Geriatric Network MIN. VIT. AOX
PubMed ID: 9433680
Trace‑element supplementation in elderly increased Se and Se‑GPx activity—improves antioxidant defenses relevant to wellness.
- [Effect of multiple micronutrients supplementation on anti-oxidative activity and oxidized DNA damage of lymphocytes in children]
PubMed ID: 15941534
Multivitamin increased GPx and lowered DNA oxidation in children — broad antioxidant/wellness effect.
- Effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on plasma levels of nutrients. Report No. 4 of the Italian-American clinical trial of nutritional supplements and age-related cataract
PubMed ID: 19636163
Large Centrum trial raised circulating antioxidants and improved glutathione‑related enzyme activation coefficient in older adults.
- Treatment of Alzheimer's disease with a cholinesterase inhibitor combined with antioxidants
PubMed ID: 20224285
Multi‑antioxidant adjunct raised erythrocyte GSH and lowered oxidative stress with modest clinical benefit in AD patients.
- Green tea supplementation increases glutathione and plasma antioxidant capacity in adults with the metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 23507223
Green tea RCT increased whole‑blood GSH and plasma antioxidant capacity in metabolic‑syndrome adults.
- Effects of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), Bars on Lipid and Antioxidant Profiles in Individuals with Borderline High Cholesterol: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 34375514
Shiitake bars improved triglycerides and antioxidant status, supporting metabolic wellness.
- Non-Targeted Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis Showed Rice Bran Supplementation Effects Multiple Metabolic Pathways during Infant Weaning and Growth in Mali
PubMed ID: 35276967
Rice‑bran RCT in infants increased GSH and improved growth and metabolic markers—clear overall health benefits.
- Oxidative markers in children with severe obesity following low-calorie diets supplemented with mandarin juice
PubMed ID: 20528796
Mandarin juice in obese children increased GSH and decreased oxidative damage—supports systemic health.
- Normal or High Polyphenol Concentration in Orange Juice Affects Antioxidant Activity, Blood Pressure, and Body Weight in Obese or Overweight Adults
PubMed ID: 26136593
Orange juice polyphenols greatly reduced DNA and lipid oxidation markers in overweight adults — systemic wellness effect.
- Effect of a Combination of Citrus Flavones and Flavanones and Olive Polyphenols for the Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Exploratory Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects
PubMed ID: 32438719
Citrus+olive polyphenol markedly improved glutathione redox, lowered inflammation and ox‑LDL — broad wellness signals.
- Antioxidant Efficacy of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 36296919
Robust human RCT in older adults showed improved GSH, redox balance and reduced oxidative metabolites—broad wellness relevance.
- Effects of Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) root tea on inflammatory status and oxidative stress in patients with knee osteoarthritis
PubMed ID: 25350500
Burdock tea reduced inflammatory and oxidative markers in OA — supports overall antioxidant health.
- The Effects of Fermented Laminaria japonica on Short-Term Working Memory and Physical Fitness in the Elderly
PubMed ID: 30008787
Elderly RCT: improved antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative damage and increased growth/neurotrophic markers.
- The RIVET RCT: Rifamycin SV MMX improves muscle mass, physical function, and ammonia in cirrhosis and minimal encephalopathy
PubMed ID: 38315140
Cirrhosis RCT improved lean mass/handgrip and brain GSH—functional wellness outcomes.
- Vitamin D supplementation affects serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women
PubMed ID: 23884390
Vitamin D increased GSH/TAC and reduced hs‑CRP and insulin—multisystem wellness improvements in pregnancy.
- The interactive effect of improvement of vitamin D status and VDR FokI variants on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25424601
Vitamin D fortification increased GSH and TAC and reduced MDA in type 2 diabetics — systemic antioxidant improvement.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Direct oral reduced glutathione RCT in CF children showed marked improvements in weight, BMI, and gut inflammation—strong overall clinical benefit.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
Large randomized CMA trials (incl. NAC) improved recovery and antioxidant/inflammatory markers, supporting general wellness.
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
Cognitive, metabolic and antioxidant improvements with CMA indicate broad wellness benefits.
- Early enteral nutrition with whey protein or casein in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind randomized trial
PubMed ID: 21167685
Whey improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced IL‑6 in elderly stroke patients — general health benefit.
- Effects of Conventional Milk Versus Milk Containing Only A2 β-Casein on Digestion in Chinese Children: A Randomized Study
PubMed ID: 31305326
A2 milk raised blood GSH and reduced GI symptoms in preschoolers—improved antioxidant status and symptoms support general wellness.
- Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (300 mg/day) on antioxidation and anti-inflammation in coronary artery disease patients during statins therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24192015
CoQ10 improved antioxidant enzymes and lowered inflammation in CAD—broad wellness benefits.
- Coenzyme Q10 improves the survival and reduces inflammatory markers in septic patients
PubMed ID: 32115970
Sepsis trial showed reduced inflammation/oxidative injury and lower mortality—major overall clinical benefit signal.
- Long-term zinc and iron supplementation in children of short stature: effect of growth and on trace element content in tissues
PubMed ID: 10445218
Iron+zinc markedly improved growth Z‑scores in short‑stature children and altered GPx indicators—clear overall wellness benefit (growth).
- Reduction of nosocomial pneumonia after major burns by trace element supplementation: aggregation of two randomised trials
PubMed ID: 17081282
Trace‑element supplementation in burns normalized GSHPx and reduced nosocomial infections and ICU burden—broad clinical benefit.
- Women with endometriosis improved their peripheral antioxidant markers after the application of a high antioxidant diet
PubMed ID: 19476631
High‑antioxidant diet substantially increased GPx/SOD and reduced lipid oxidation in women with endometriosis—improved clinical antioxidant status.
- Omega 3 fatty acids can reduce early doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
PubMed ID: 34842343
Omega‑3 increased glutathione and SOD and preserved cardiac function in children on anthracyclines — meaningful clinical wellness protection.
- Effects of Curcuminoids-Piperine Combination on Systemic Oxidative Stress, Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Complications Due to Sulfur Mustard: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25171552
Curcuminoids improved GSH, lowered MDA and improved respiratory QoL—clinical QoL benefit supports overall wellness.
- Curcumin administration and the effects on psychological status and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
PubMed ID: 33183576
Curcumin increased GSH/TAC and reduced MDA in patients with diabetes and CHD, with concurrent sleep improvement — consistent with overall wellness benefits.
- The effects of curcumin intake on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33200488
Nanocurcumin raised total glutathione and TAC and improved glycemic/lipid parameters in diabetic foot ulcer patients — strong systemic wellness signals.
- Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39125295
Large 12‑month curcumin RCT improved systemic antioxidant status—broad wellness implications.
- Curcumin for Inflammation Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40573083
Improved antioxidant enzyme profile and reduced oxidative stress in metabolic disease — broad wellness relevance.
- Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 41096556
Sustained antioxidant improvements and lower liver fat in a large RCT — supports general health.
- A randomized-controlled, double-blind study of the impact of selenium supplementation on thyroid autoimmunity and inflammation with focus on the GPx1 genotypes
PubMed ID: 25894865
Selenium raised GPx activity and reduced thyroid autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis; a clinically meaningful systemic effect.
- Impact of yoga intervention on menopausal symptoms-specific quality of life and changes in hormonal level among menopausal women
PubMed ID: 34254406
One‑year yoga increased antioxidant enzymes and improved menopausal QoL domains—general wellness benefits.
- The effect of unfiltered coffee on potential biomarkers for colonic cancer risk in healthy volunteers: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 10971235
Plasma and tissue glutathione rose after unfiltered coffee intake — a direct demonstration of improved systemic antioxidant status.
- Combined therapy of silymarin and desferrioxamine in patients with beta-thalassemia major: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 19453758
Raised RBC glutathione and improved some clinical liver tests — relevant to patient wellness.
- Effect of antioxidant therapy on hepatic fibrosis and liver iron concentrations in β-thalassemia major patients
PubMed ID: 23565660
Antioxidant therapy increased GSH and reduced oxidative stress in patients—broad systemic benefit consistent with overall wellness.
- Regulation of N-acetyl cysteine on gut redox status and major microbiota in weaned piglets
PubMed ID: 24496840
NAC improved intestinal antioxidant status and beneficially shifted gut microbiota in piglets—gut health + redox effects support overall wellness mechanistically.
- A randomized controlled trial to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement
PubMed ID: 23916928
Perioperative antioxidant regimen improved tissue antioxidant enzymes and large clinical benefit (less AF).
- Effects of omega-3 fatty acid plus alpha-tocopherol supplementation on malnutrition-inflammation score, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 27554670
Omega‑3 ± vitamin E improved antioxidant capacity, NO and malnutrition–inflammation score in dialysis patients.
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oral Supplementation with a Highly-Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Triglyceride in Patients with Keratoconus: A Randomized Controlled Preliminary Study
PubMed ID: 36904299
Randomized trial with antioxidant/inflammatory improvements suggests broad wellness benefits.
- Oral supplementation with whey proteins increases plasma glutathione levels of HIV-infected patients
PubMed ID: 11168457
Major increase in plasma GSH in GSH‑deficient patients indicates systemic biochemical improvement relevant to overall wellness.
- Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
PubMed ID: 11421501
Long‑term NAC lowered airway oxidative stress in COPD patients — clinically meaningful systemic effect.
- The effects of polyphenol-containing antioxidants on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
PubMed ID: 19834314
Antioxidant supplement increased plasma GSH and improved lipid profile in T2DM—broadly supportive of metabolic wellness.
- Perioperative oral administration of cystine and theanine enhances recovery after distal gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22972879
Perioperative cystine+theanine reduced inflammation and metabolic stress—supports resilience/wellness in stress context.
- [Effects of salvianolate combined with alprostadil and reduced glutathione on progression of chronic renal failure in patients with chronic kidney diseases: a long-term randomized controlled trial]
PubMed ID: 22704412
Long‑term IV reduced GSH associated with clinical benefits in CKD patients—supports broader clinical wellness in a sick population (confounded).
- Improved oxidative status in major abdominal surgery patients after N-acetyl cystein supplementation
PubMed ID: 25559659
NAC improved systemic GSH:GSSG and reduced lipid peroxidation perioperatively—generalizable antioxidant/wellness evidence.
- Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 27306219
Oral cystine+theanine around chemotherapy markedly reduced GI adverse events and greatly improved completion rates—clear clinical wellness benefit.
- Influence of Synbiotics on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters
PubMed ID: 28286605
Synbiotic raised reduced GSH, improved redox and lowered lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers—broad wellness biomarker improvements.
- The effects of the oral supplementation of L-Cystine associated with reduced L-Glutathione-GSH on human skin pigmentation: a randomized, double-blinded, benchmark- and placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33834608
Oral L‑Cystine + reduced GSH improved skin appearance in healthy women and was well tolerated—supports perceived wellness.
- Concurrent alteration in inflammatory biomarker gene expression and oxidative stress: how aerobic training and vitamin D improve T2DM
PubMed ID: 35733163
Exercise combined with vitamin D produced large increases in GSH and TAC in T2DM, reflecting improved overall antioxidant health.
- Randomized double-blind clinical trial examining the Ellagic acid effects on glycemic status, insulin resistance, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 32909365
Improved glycemic control and raised antioxidant enzymes in T2D—benefits to general health.
- Long-term garlic or micronutrient supplementation, but not anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy, increases serum folate or glutathione without affecting serum vitamin B-12 or homocysteine in a rural Chinese population
PubMed ID: 19056661
Long-term vitamin+selenium supplementation increased serum glutathione modestly, suggesting population-level antioxidant benefit.
- Short-term effects of an intensive lifestyle modification program on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in patients with coronary artery disease
PubMed ID: 14724371
Intensive lifestyle intervention increased blood antioxidants and erythrocyte GSH in CAD patients—broad systemic wellness implication.
- Effects of weight loss and seafood consumption on inflammation parameters in young, overweight and obese European men and women during 8 weeks of energy restriction
PubMed ID: 20551965
Salmon during weight loss lowered inflammatory markers and changed glutathione‑related enzyme activity (systemic benefit).
- Antioxidant therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory tissue damage in patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation
PubMed ID: 21138533
Broad antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory improvements after intervention—strong general wellness signal.
- Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28716357
Clinical wound healing, metabolic and antioxidant improvements indicate meaningful overall health benefits.
- High-dose ω-3 Fatty Acid Plus Vitamin D3 Supplementation Affects Clinical Symptoms and Metabolic Status of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29982544
Omega‑3 plus vitamin D improved glutathione/TAC and reduced oxidative damage/inflammation with modest clinical EDSS improvement in MS—broad wellness signal.
- A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31190359
Fish/flaxseed oil raised glutathione and TAC and improved insulin in cardiometabolic patients (multi‑system benefits).
- Alleviated systemic oxidative stress effects of combined atmospheric oxidant capacity by fish oil supplementation: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31476451
Fish‑oil attenuated pollutant‑induced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant defenses (general health benefit).
- [Effects on glutathione of patients received glutamine dipeptide enriched parenteral nutrition post abdominal surgery]
PubMed ID: 16318774
Glutamine‑enriched PN preserved glutathione redox status and albumin after surgery → supports recovery/wellness.
- Evaluation of the effects of a preoperative 2-hour fast with maltodextrine and glutamine on insulin resistance, acute-phase response, nitrogen balance, and serum glutathione after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a controlled randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22235107
Preop glutamine improved glutathione and metabolic markers—broad wellness benefits perioperatively.
- Plasma glutathione of HIV⁺ patients responded positively and differently to dietary supplementation with cysteine or glutamine
PubMed ID: 22261571
Short NAC or glutamine supplementation raised plasma glutathione measures in HIV+ and controls (systemic antioxidant improvement).
- L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women
PubMed ID: 33809996
Clear increases in plasma GSH, improved glycemic markers and increased muscle strength in elderly women → broad wellness effects.
- Acute and prolonged effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF424-derived SOD on antioxidant defense in healthy individuals challenged with intense aerobic exercise
PubMed ID: 39277120
Supplement enhanced antioxidant defenses under exercise stress → contributes to systemic wellness.
- [The use of reduced glutathione in alcoholic hepatopathy]
PubMed ID: 1766577
Improved hepatic enzymes in alcoholic liver disease → important component of overall health.
- [Usefulness of the prevention of oxygen radical damage in the critical patient using the parenteral administration of reduced glutathione in high doses]
PubMed ID: 1463596
High‑dose IV GSH lowered oxidative damage markers in critically ill patients → general wellness/physiologic benefit.
- Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 7799029
GSH with cisplatin markedly reduced neuropathy and transfusion needs without reducing chemo efficacy—clear clinical wellness benefit.
- Selenium status of New Zealand infants fed either a selenium supplemented or a standard formula
PubMed ID: 7576895
Selenium‑fortified infant formula raised blood selenium and GPx activity—direct nutritional improvement in antioxidant status.
Inflammation (165)
- Empagliflozin-Metformin Combination Has Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties that Correlate with Vascular Protection in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
PubMed ID: 35620570
Empagliflozin+metformin increased TAS/GPx/SOD and decreased pro‑oxidants and inflammatory markers that correlated with vascular improvements.
- The Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Clinical Outcomes, Metabolic Profiles, and Pulsatility Index of the Uterine Artery in High-Risk Mothers in Terms of Preeclampsia Screening with Quadruple Test: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial : Selenium and preeclampsia
PubMed ID: 35224710
Selenium raised GSH/TAC and lowered hs‑CRP in high‑risk pregnancy (recognized anti‑inflammatory effect).
- The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36448959
NAC reduced hs‑CRP and improved GSH/TAC in methadone patients (clear anti‑inflammatory signal).
- Are Resistance Training-Induced BDNF in Hemodialysis Patients Associated with Depressive Symptoms, Quality of Life, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Strength? An Insight for the Muscle-Brain-Renal Axis
PubMed ID: 34769814
Resistance training reduced TBARS and increased antioxidant capacity (inflammation biomarker improvements).
- Pentoxifylline effects on hospitalized patients with COVID19: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34666302
Pentoxifylline in COVID‑19 reduced IL‑6 and raised GSH—evidence of anti‑inflammatory effect with GSH upregulation.
- Is Selenium Supplementation Beneficial in Acute Ischemic Stroke?
PubMed ID: 34842573
IV selenium in acute ischemic stroke raised GPx, TAC and lowered TNF‑α with neurological score improvement—anti‑inflammatory via glutathione enzyme pathway.
- Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response
PubMed ID: 34533039
IV glutathione markedly reduced TNF‑α and NOX2 activity after STEMI—strong anti‑inflammatory signal.
- The effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles in patients with endometriosis
PubMed ID: 33508990
High‑dose vitamin D reduced hs‑CRP and increased TAC in endometriosis—indirect inflammation reduction with raised antioxidant capacity.
- Effect of selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and regulatory T cells in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A prospective randomized-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33650299
Selenium in Hashimoto’s increased GPx3 and reduced thyroid autoantibodies and TSH—reduced autoimmune/inflammatory activity mediated via GSH‑peroxidase axis.
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial
PubMed ID: 33613521
NAC added to TB therapy lowered lipid and DNA oxidation and raised antioxidant status—reduced oxidative‑inflammatory burden.
- Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32807165
Fortified whey decreased IL‑6 in COPD patients while increasing antioxidant markers including GSH—reduced inflammation.
- Effects of saffron supplementation on oxidative/antioxidant status and severity of disease in ulcerative colitis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 33015869
Saffron RCT in ulcerative colitis raised GPx/TAC and improved clinical disease activity — strong signal for reduced inflammation (indirect to GSH supplementation).
- Melatonin supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic status in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32417629
Melatonin increased total GSH and reduced hs‑CRP in PD patients, demonstrating anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effects.
- Effect of micronutrient pack on micronutrient status and antioxidant capacities among institutional older adults in Shanghai, China
PubMed ID: 31464392
Micronutrient pack increased antioxidant enzymes and lowered MDA in older adults—consistent with lowered inflammation/oxidative stress.
- Glutathione infusion before primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 31399448
IV GSH in STEMI lowered H2O2/isoprostanes and was associated with reduced cardiac injury—anti‑inflammatory/oxidative benefit.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30560426
Synbiotic in diabetic HD patients increased total GSH and TAC and lowered inflammatory markers—indirectly supports reduced inflammation.
- Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30637662
Selenium yeast before CABG raised total GSH and significantly lowered hs‑CRP and MDA—clear anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effect.
- The Effectiveness of Herbal Mixture Supplements with and without Clomiphene Citrate in Comparison to Clomiphene Citrate on Serum Antioxidants and Glycemic Biomarkers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Willing to be Pregnant: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 31163689
Herbal mixture raised GPx and reduced MDA in PCOS—antioxidant enzyme increases that can reduce inflammation.
- Propolis supplementation improves glycemic and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 30935545
Propolis increased GPx/SOD and TAC and improved glycemic indices—anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effects.
- Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30665436
Vitamin D+probiotic increased GSH/TAC and decreased MDA (oxidative/inflammatory marker).
- The Effect of Intravenous Selenium on Oxidative Stress in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
PubMed ID: 30001171
IV selenium raised GPx‑3 and reduced IL‑6/IL‑1β in ARDS—indirect glutathione‑pathway anti‑inflammatory evidence.
- The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes
PubMed ID: 28786012
Synbiotic in GDM increased GSH/TAC and reduced hs‑CRP and some adverse outcomes.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30217229
Probiotic+selenium increased GSH/TAC and significantly reduced hs‑CRP—clear anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Effect of probiotic supplements in women with gestational diabetes mellitus on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29737805
Probiotic lowered hs‑CRP and TNF‑α in gestational diabetes while improving GSH‑related enzymes.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on mental health parameters and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30057015
Probiotic+selenium markedly increased GSH and reduced hs-CRP and inflammatory/metabolic markers in diabetics with CHD.
- Integration of Traditional and Metabolomics Biomarkers Identifies Prognostic Metabolites for Predicting Responsiveness to Nutritional Intervention against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
PubMed ID: 28273855
Black raspberry reduced IL‑6 and improved GSH redox balance in an RCT—clear anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Role of hydrotherapy in the amelioration of oxidant-antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis patients
PubMed ID: 28612349
Hydrotherapy in RA increased antioxidant enzymes incl. GPx and lowered disease activity/oxidative damage (clinical inflammation reduction).
- Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28619005
Immunonutrition increased GSH and significantly reduced IL‑6 in TBI (direct anti‑inflammatory biomarker change).
- Cardamom supplementation improves inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in hyperlipidemic, overweight, and obese pre-diabetic women: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 28480505
Cardamom RCT lowered hs‑CRP and MDA in overweight prediabetics (anti‑inflammatory/oxidative effect related to GSH system).
- The impact of silymarin on antioxidant and oxidative status in patients with β-thalassemia major: A crossover, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29154063
Silymarin markedly lowered oxidative-damage markers and increased TAC/GSH in patients—anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects.
- Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response in weaned piglets
PubMed ID: 27045971
Piper sarmentosum reduced proinflammatory cytokines and increased GSH-Px in piglets (controlled trial).
- Pomegranate extract alleviates disease activity and some blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients
PubMed ID: 27577177
Pomegranate extract raised GPx and reduced RA disease activity and ESR—strong anti‑inflammatory clinical effect.
- N-acetylcysteine in Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning: A Randomized, Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26786042
NAC in organophosphate poisoning lowered MDA and improved clinical course—reduced oxidative-driven inflammation.
- Brazilian Green Propolis Improves Antioxidant Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed ID: 27187435
Brazilian green propolis increased blood GSH and lowered TNF-α in type 2 diabetes patients (human study).
- The effect of pomegranate juice on clinical signs, matrix metalloproteinases and antioxidant status in patients with knee osteoarthritis
PubMed ID: 26804926
Pomegranate juice reduced MMP‑13 and improved WOMAC symptoms with increased GPx—anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects relevant to less inflammation.
- Immunological reaction and oxidative stress after light or heavy polypropylene mesh implantation in inguinal hernioplasty: A CONSORT-prospective, randomized, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 27310955
Heavier meshes produced higher TNF‑α and oxidative stress post‑op—shows link between GSH status and acute inflammation (contextual evidence).
- Clinical and Metabolic Response to Selenium Supplementation in Pregnant Women at Risk for Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 27928721
Selenium in pregnancy lowered hs‑CRP and raised antioxidant markers—moderate anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Perioperative oral administration of cystine and theanine enhances recovery after distal gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22972879
Cystine/theanine perioperative regimen reduced IL‑6 and CRP vs control (randomized study).
- Improved oxidative status in major abdominal surgery patients after N-acetyl cystein supplementation
PubMed ID: 25559659
Perioperative NAC improved GSH:GSSG and decreased MDA (oxidative inflammation marker)—supports anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Influence of Synbiotics on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters
PubMed ID: 28286605
Synbiotic lowered MDA and H2O2 and improved GSH/GSSG—biochemical evidence of reduced oxidative inflammation.
- Perioperative Administration of Cystine and Theanine Suppresses Inflammation and Facilitates Early Rehabilitation and Recovery after Esophagectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35684118
Perioperative cystine+theanine produced significant reductions in WBC, neutrophils and CRP in randomized double‑blind trial.
- Randomized double-blind clinical trial examining the Ellagic acid effects on glycemic status, insulin resistance, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 32909365
Ellagic acid RCT significantly lowered CRP, TNF‑α, IL‑6 and improved antioxidant enzymes—strong anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Effects of weight loss and seafood consumption on inflammation parameters in young, overweight and obese European men and women during 8 weeks of energy restriction
PubMed ID: 20551965
Salmon intake during weight loss lowered hs‑CRP and IL‑6 and altered glutathione‑related enzyme activity (clear anti‑inflammatory signal).
- Antioxidant therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory tissue damage in patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation
PubMed ID: 21138533
Antioxidant+n‑3 PUFA markedly lowered hs‑CRP, NF‑κB activation and other inflammatory markers in cardiac surgery.
- Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28716357
Omega‑3 raised GSH/TAC and significantly reduced hs‑CRP along with clinical improvements in wound healing.
- The effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28342967
Omega‑3 plus vitamin E increased GSH/TAC and significantly lowered hs‑CRP and other inflammatory markers in Parkinson's patients.
- High-dose ω-3 Fatty Acid Plus Vitamin D3 Supplementation Affects Clinical Symptoms and Metabolic Status of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29982544
Combined omega‑3 and high‑dose vitamin D raised total glutathione/TAC and substantially lowered MDA and hs‑CRP in MS patients.
- The favorable effects of garlic intake on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, biomarkers of oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25316559
Garlic reduced hs‑CRP and increased GSH in pregnant women at risk for pre‑eclampsia.
- Effect of enteral feeding with ginger extract in acute respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 22884532
Enteral ginger reduced IL‑1, IL‑6, TNF‑α and improved clinical respiratory markers in ARDS.
- Change in adiponectin and oxidative stress after modifiable lifestyle interventions in breast cancer cases
PubMed ID: 23803042
Ginger and exercise in breast cancer patients increased GPx and lowered MDA—reduced oxidative‑inflammatory load.
- Evaluation of the effects of a preoperative 2-hour fast with maltodextrine and glutamine on insulin resistance, acute-phase response, nitrogen balance, and serum glutathione after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a controlled randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22235107
Preop glutamine increased glutathione and reduced postoperative insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers.
- Effect of dexmedetomidine administration on analgesic, respiration and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a prospective observational study
PubMed ID: 35585483
Dexmedetomidine perioperative use reduced IL‑6 and TNF‑α and lowered MDA while increasing GPx—anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
- The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Opioid-Related Disorder in Patients under Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programs
PubMed ID: 35685534
Probiotics in methadone patients raised glutathione and lowered hs‑CRP—reduced inflammation with linked antioxidant rise.
- Sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast supplementation in atherosclerotic patients: Effects on the expression of pyroptosis-related genes and oxidative stress status
PubMed ID: 35365371
Selenium supplementation increased GPX and downregulated pyroptosis/inflammatory gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.
- Effect of vitamin D on oxidative stress and serum inflammatory factors in the patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 35403296
Vitamin D in T2DM markedly increased GSH and decreased MCP‑1 and IL‑8—clear anti‑inflammatory biochemical changes.
- Effects of a Probiotic Formulation Based on SF68, Phytosterols, and 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid on Body Composition, Biochemical Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal and General Symptoms of Overweight/Obese Subjects: The PrObesity Study
PubMed ID: 40965226
Probiotic formula markedly increased GSH and lowered ROS and inflammatory/metabolic markers in overweight/obese adults.
- N-acetylcysteine modulates markers of oxidation, inflammation and infection in tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39756697
NAC adjunct in TB raised total GSH and reduced TNF‑α (MTB‑induced) — strong anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Empagliflozin Ameliorates the Oxidative Stress Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results of a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
PubMed ID: 39779555
Empagliflozin increased antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced oxidative damage in T2D with HF — anti‑inflammatory/anti‑oxidant effects.
- Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 27669638
Probiotics in MS reduced MDA and hs‑CRP and improved disability—evidence of reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.
- Clinical efficacy of ilaprazole combined with somatostatin on severe acute pancreatitis and the effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response
PubMed ID: 39348650
Antioxidant enzymes rose and MDA fell in severe pancreatitis with faster recovery — consistent with reduced inflammatory oxidative stress.
- Grape seed extract supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 38419408
Grape seed extract reduced IL‑6 and MDA in NAFLD patients — inflammation reduction via antioxidant effects.
- RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
PubMed ID: 38691102
Pyridoxine increased GSH and lowered IL‑6/IL‑8/TNF‑α in septic patients — clear anti‑inflammatory biomarker changes.
- Consumption of a new developed synbiotic yogurt improves oxidative stress status in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39223205
Synbiotic yogurt lowered total oxidative status and increased GPx—antioxidant shift consistent with reduced inflammation.
- Sequential inspiratory muscle exercise-noninvasive positive pressure ventilation alleviates oxidative stress in COPD by mediating SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
PubMed ID: 37828534
Respiratory muscle training in COPD reduced ROS/MDA and increased antioxidant markers.
- Guided Metabolic Detoxification Program Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes and Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Participants
PubMed ID: 37432335
Whole‑food detox lowered immune‑cell ROS and increased GST/SOD activity—anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effects.
- Response to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
PubMed ID: 37405379
IV NAC in severe COVID‑19 lowered CRP, D‑dimer and LDH—clear anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress biomarkers, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
PubMed ID: 37386885
Oral NAC reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) in MS—reduction in oxidative damage linked to inflammation.
- Impact of Treatment with Antioxidants as an Adjuvant to Standard Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock: Analysis of the Correlation between Cytokine Storm and Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Effects
PubMed ID: 38068931
Adjunct antioxidants (including NAC, melatonin) in septic shock reduced cytokines and SOFA scores—substantial anti‑inflammatory/clinical signal.
- Vascular benefits of vitamin C supplementation against fine particulate air pollution in healthy adults: A double-blind randomised crossover trial
PubMed ID: 35689890
High‑dose vitamin C in polluted environment increased GSH‑Px and reduced IL‑6 and CRP—strong anti‑inflammatory signals in that context.
- [Xinfeng Capsule increases peripheral blood BTLA expression of CD19(+) and CD24(+) B cells and relieves oxidative stress damage to improve cardiac function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]
PubMed ID: 25575067
Herbal therapy in RA raised GSH/SOD and reduced ROS/MDA with clinical improvement—strong anti‑inflammatory signal (multi‑component product).
- Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25765835
Silymarin increased GPx/SOD/TAC and reduced hs‑CRP in T2D patients—clear anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Effects of grape powder supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blind study
PubMed ID: 25517279
Grape polyphenol powder increased GPx and blunted CRP rise in dialysis patients—direct inflammatory marker attenuation.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes and the malondialdehyde level in the blood of lead-exposed workers
PubMed ID: 24577230
Oral NAC in lead‑exposed workers lowered MDA and normalized antioxidant enzymes—evidence of reduced oxidative/inflammatory stress.
- N-acetyl cysteine for prevention of oral mucositis in hematopoietic SCT: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24614837
NAC reduced severity/duration of mucositis after allo‑HSCT—clinical outcome consistent with reduced local inflammatory damage.
- Cruciferous vegetables have variable effects on biomarkers of systemic inflammation in a randomized controlled trial in healthy young adults
PubMed ID: 25165394
Controlled vegetable-rich diets lowered IL‑6 (inflammation) with interactions by GST genotype (GSH‑related enzymes).
- Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 23899653
Multispecies probiotic raised plasma GSH and substantially lowered hs‑CRP versus placebo in type 2 diabetes.
- The administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress and regulates glutathione metabolism in the blood cells of workers exposed to lead
PubMed ID: 23731375
NAC raised erythrocyte GSH and reduced oxidative pigment (lipofuscin) in lead workers—indicative of reduced oxidative/inflammatory burden.
- Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23786900
Synbiotic produced large increases in total GSH and marked reductions in hs‑CRP (inflammation) in people with diabetes.
- Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro- and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 24102912
Interval aerobic training increased GPx and reduced lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetes—lower oxidative inflammation indirectly tied to glutathione system.
- The effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C on cognitive performance of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in Isfahan, Iran: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24326981
Vitamin C+E lowered MDA and increased TAC/GSH in elderly with MCI — biomarker evidence for lower oxidative/inflammatory stress.
- Effects of zinc supplementation on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 23140661
Zinc supplementation raised GSH/TAC and lowered MDA in haemodialysis patients — clear reduction in oxidative/inflammatory markers.
- Time-course evaluation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers after renal transplantation
PubMed ID: 22263958
After kidney transplant GSH rose while TBARS and AOPP fell — reduced oxidative/inflammatory damage markers.
- N-acetylcysteine reduces disease activity by blocking mammalian target of rapamycin in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22549432
NAC in SLE lowered mTOR activity, expanded Tregs and reduced clinical disease activity and fatigue—strong anti‑inflammatory/immunomodulatory signal.
- The role of preconditioning and N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress resulting from tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion in arthroscopic knee surgery
PubMed ID: 21610364
NAC prevented ischemia–reperfusion increases in oxidative stress markers (TOS, MDA) that contribute to inflammation.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine treatment on oxidative stress and inflammation after severe burn
PubMed ID: 21978796
NAC in burn patients lowered IL‑6/IL‑8/IL‑10 and preserved GSH — strong evidence for anti‑inflammatory effect in acute injury.
- The effect of caloric restriction and glycemic load on measures of oxidative stress and antioxidants in humans: results from the CALERIE Trial of Human Caloric Restriction
PubMed ID: 21623467
Calorie restriction reduced protein oxidative damage and increased GPx — consistent with lower oxidative‑inflammatory burden.
- Association of selenium status and blood glutathione concentrations in blacks and whites
PubMed ID: 21462082
Higher selenium correlated with higher GSH and antioxidant enzyme activity—supports reduced oxidative inflammation.
- Effect of vitamin E on reperfusion injuries during reconstructive vascular operations on lower limbs
PubMed ID: 20203367
Vitamin E perioperatively reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after reperfusion—indirect glutathione system relevance.
- Regular daily intake of black tea improves oxidative stress biomarkers and decreases serum C-reactive protein levels in type 2 diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 20668372
Black tea raised GSH and lowered CRP in T2DM—direct anti‑inflammatory biomarker change.
- Effect of oral N-acetylcysteine treatment on plasma inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in peritoneal dialysis patients: a placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 20190028
Oral NAC (1200 mg/day) for 8 weeks in peritoneal dialysis patients significantly lowered IL‑6 (−19%) while raising plasma NAC — direct anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Preterm resuscitation with low oxygen causes less oxidative stress, inflammation, and chronic lung disease
PubMed ID: 19661049
Lower oxygen in preterm infants reduced glutathione oxidation and urinary oxidative/inflammatory markers.
- Influence of early antioxidant supplements on clinical evolution and organ function in critically ill cardiac surgery, major trauma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
PubMed ID: 18687132
Early antioxidant (including selenium) restored GPx and reduced CRP/inflammation in critically ill patients.
- N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 18473409
NAC plus mesalamine reduced inflammatory chemokines (IL‑8, MCP‑1) and improved clinical indices in ulcerative colitis.
- Effect of Pentoxifylline on inflammatory burden, oxidative stress and platelet aggregability in hypertensive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
PubMed ID: 17613279
Pentoxifylline lowered CRP and malondialdehyde and modestly raised GSH—clear anti‑inflammatory effect in diabetics.
- Oxidative stress and genetic and epidemiologic determinants of oxidant injury in childhood asthma
PubMed ID: 17088135
Asthma severity associated with lower GSH and higher oxidative damage—links GSH status with airway inflammation.},{
- Effects of vitamins C and E on oxidative stress markers and endothelial function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a double blind, placebo controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 15693087
Vitamins C+E reduced lipid oxidation in SLE patients (less oxidative/inflammatory burden) though endothelial function unchanged.
- Effects of antioxidant supplementation on postprandial oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: a single-blind, 15-day clinical trial in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and healthy controls
PubMed ID: 16368447
Antioxidant regimen (incl. NAC) reduced postprandial oxidants and improved endothelial inflammatory markers in diabetics and controls.
- Genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and antioxidant supplementation influence lung function in relation to ozone exposure in asthmatic children in Mexico City
PubMed ID: 14694237
Antioxidant vitamins mitigated ozone-related small-airway function decline (reduction of pollutant-induced inflammatory effects), especially in GSTM1-null children.
- Antioxidant supplementation and nasal inflammatory responses among young asthmatics exposed to high levels of ozone
PubMed ID: 15498043
Vitamins C+E prevented ozone‑induced nasal IL‑6 increase in asthmatic children — clear anti‑inflammatory effect.
- B-group vitamin supplementation mitigates oxidative damage after acute ischaemic stroke
PubMed ID: 15279619
B‑vitamin therapy after stroke reduced MDA and CRP vs controls — demonstrated anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effects.
- N-acetylcysteine as an additive to crystalloid cardioplegia increased oxidative stress capacity in CABG patients
PubMed ID: 14668186
NAC added to cardioplegia preserved myocardial GSH and halved myeloperoxidase activity — direct, large anti‑inflammatory marker change.
- Effects of a six month treatment with selenomethionine in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
PubMed ID: 12656658
Selenium added to levothyroxine reduced anti‑TPO antibodies substantially—shows marked immunomodulatory/inflammation reduction.
- Antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis and role of antioxidant therapy
PubMed ID: 14637276
Antioxidants in RA raised glutathione/thiols and lowered lipid‑peroxidation marker (lower oxidative inflammation).
- Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations
PubMed ID: 11932302
Selenium supplementation lowered thyroid autoantibody levels in autoimmune thyroiditis—an anti‑inflammatory/immune‑modulating effect relevant to glutathione‑dependent GPx systems.
- Management of chronic otitis media with effusion: the role of glutathione
PubMed ID: 11568588
Nasal glutathione spray produced large clinical improvements in otitis media with effusion, consistent with reduced middle-ear inflammation.
- [Effects of metabolic therapy on intracellular level of antioxidant system in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease]
PubMed ID: 10697374
Amino-acid metabolic therapy raised antioxidant enzymes and lowered lipid peroxidation, indirectly reducing oxidative inflammation markers.
- Mud bath therapy influences nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and glutathione peroxidase serum levels in arthritic patients
PubMed ID: 11314241
Mud‑bath therapy lowered NO and MPO (inflammation markers) though GSH‑Px unchanged.
- Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and rutin on the lipid peroxidation of the lung epithelium during the adult respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 10638663
IV NAC in early ARDS increased airway GSH and reduced lipid-peroxidation markers — clear anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effect in lung injury.
- The effect of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine on lipoperoxidative damage in patients with early septic shock
PubMed ID: 10852765
IV glutathione (±NAC) reduced lipid peroxidation and improved clinical status in septic shock (anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effect).
- Selenium replacement in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome improves clinical outcome
PubMed ID: 10507602
High‑dose selenium rapidly restored GSH‑Px in SIRS patients—addresses oxidative/inflammatory stress.
- [Selenium administration in sepsis patients]
PubMed ID: 9417486
Restoration of GSH‑Px activity and improved clinical scores indicate reduced oxidative/inflammatory stress.
- Acute and prolonged effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF424-derived SOD on antioxidant defense in healthy individuals challenged with intense aerobic exercise
PubMed ID: 39277120
Supplement reduced exercise‑induced ROS and upregulated antioxidant defenses consistent with lower inflammation.
- L-Glutamine Supplementation Improves the Benefits of Combined-Exercise Training on Oral Redox Balance and Inflammatory Status in Elderly Individuals
PubMed ID: 32411324
L‑glutamine plus exercise modulated salivary redox/inflammatory markers in elderly → inflammation modulation.
- Efficacy of enteral glutamine supplementation in patients with severe and predicted severe acute pancreatitis- A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31612309
Enteral glutamine reduced IL‑6 (~27%) in severe acute pancreatitis → clear anti‑inflammatory signal.
- [Protective effect of reduced glutathione on multiple organ function in patient with acute pancreatitis]
PubMed ID: 16297323
IV reduced GSH produced significantly larger decreases in inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in acute pancreatitis.
- [Effect of reduced glutathione on impairment of hepatic function after delayed resuscitation of severe burn shock]
PubMed ID: 19220959
Reduced GSH in burned patients improved liver injury markers and bilirubin, consistent with reduced organ inflammation/injury.
- Improvement of liver function in humans using a mixture of schisandra fruit extract and sesamin
PubMed ID: 22610748
Schisandra+sesamin raised glutathione enzyme activities and lowered ALT/AST — antioxidant actions that commonly reduce inflammatory stress.
- Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
PubMed ID: 33105552
Glutathione‑precursor trial reduced urinary neopterin (inflammation) alongside improved GSH—solid anti‑inflammatory biomarker evidence.
- Nano-curcumin supplementation in critically ill patients with sepsis: a randomized clinical trial investigating the inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress indices, endothelial function, clinical outcomes and nutritional status
PubMed ID: 35621073
Nano‑curcumin RCT in sepsis improved inflammatory cytokines—strong anti‑inflammatory biomarker changes (not a GSH supplement but relevant to inflammation).
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC decreased oxidative stress and inflammation markers in older adults (multi‑domain improvements).
- Grape seed extract in combination with deferasirox ameliorates iron overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction in beta thalassemia children
PubMed ID: 37832335
Grape seed extract reduced inflammation and increased blood GSH while lowering liver enzymes in beta‑thalassemia patients.
- Therapeutic effects of reduced glutathione on liver function, fibrosis, and HBV DNA clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients
PubMed ID: 39920583
IV GSH with antiviral therapy reduced liver enzymes and fibrosis markers, consistent with reduced hepatic inflammation.
- L-alanyl-glutamine pretreatment attenuates acute inflammatory response in children submitted to palatoplasty
PubMed ID: 21971662
Preop alanyl‑Gln reduced postoperative CRP (inflammatory marker) despite no GSH change—evidence for lowered inflammation.
- Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23613825
Ginseng decreased ROS and MDA (oxidative inflammatory mediators) and increased GSH—anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effects.
- α-Lipoic acid treatment of aged type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute cerebral infarction
PubMed ID: 25535146
ALA after stroke in elderly reduced MDA and improved antioxidant enzymes and clinical inflammation-related scores.
- The efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in improving oxidative, inflammatory, and mood status in women with episodic migraine in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34105866
ALA reduced CRP and MDA in migraine patients—evidence for reduced systemic inflammation.
- Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 31060549
Amla reduced MDA (lipid peroxidation) significantly and improved endothelial markers—strong anti‑oxidative/anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Combination of plant phenolics and isoquinolinium alkaloids protects gingival fibroblast and improves post-extraction healing after lower third molar extraction
PubMed ID: 34617520
Topical paste reduced ROS and IL‑6 in gingival cells and improved healing—clear anti‑inflammatory signal.
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 35986358
Nutraceutical (includes reduced GSH) reduced liver fat and raised antioxidant potential, with modest HOMA‑IR improvement in NAFLD.
- Product of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longgui Yangxinwan Protects the Human Body from Altitude Sickness Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction
PubMed ID: 38995860
TCM product lowered ROS at altitude and increased antioxidant enzyme activity—reduced oxidative inflammation.
- Avocado/soy unsaponifiables can redress the balance between serum antioxidant and oxidant levels in patients with osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
PubMed ID: 33794080
Avocado/soy reduced MDA in OA patients, indicating decreased oxidative/inflammatory burden.
- Oxidative markers in children with severe obesity following low-calorie diets supplemented with mandarin juice
PubMed ID: 20528796
Mandarin juice reduced MDA and protein carbonyls significantly—indicating reduced oxidative/inflammatory stress.
- Effect of a Combination of Citrus Flavones and Flavanones and Olive Polyphenols for the Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Exploratory Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects
PubMed ID: 32438719
Citrus+olive polyphenol RCT lowered IL‑6 ~38–40% and improved GSH/GSSG and ox‑LDL — clear anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Antioxidant Efficacy of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 36296919
Red‑orange extract lowered oxidative metabolites and modestly reduced TNF‑α while raising GSH—anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange juice on antioxidant capacity, lipid profile, and inflammation in obese patients: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40597485
Flavonoid‑enriched orange juice plus calorie restriction upregulated GPX1 and lowered TNF‑α in obese subjects.
- Effects of Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) root tea on inflammatory status and oxidative stress in patients with knee osteoarthritis
PubMed ID: 25350500
Burdock root tea lowered IL‑6, hs‑CRP and MDA while raising TAC and SOD in knee OA — clear anti‑inflammatory/antioxidant effect.
- A randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of calcium supplement plus low-dose aspirin on hs-CRP, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia
PubMed ID: 24187901
Calcium + low‑dose aspirin raised TAC and GSH and lowered hs‑CRP in at‑risk pregnant women.
- Vitamin D supplementation affects serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women
PubMed ID: 23884390
Vitamin D in pregnancy lowered hs‑CRP and increased GSH/TAC—clear anti‑inflammatory signal.
- The effects of vitamin D plus calcium supplementation on metabolic profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia
PubMed ID: 26467311
Vitamin D + calcium increased GSH and improved some markers in pregnancy, consistent with reduced oxidative/inflammatory stress.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Oral GSH in CF markedly reduced fecal calprotectin and gut inflammation—strong anti‑inflammatory clinical effect.
- The protective effect of melatonin on brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats and humans: In vivo assessment and a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30098076
Perioperative melatonin reduced inflammatory markers (IL‑6, TNF‑α), supporting anti‑inflammatory effects.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
CMA (incl. NAC) lowered inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL‑6) in COVID‑19 outpatients.
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
CMA in AD decreased inflammatory/oxidative biomarkers alongside cognitive benefit.
- Early enteral nutrition with whey protein or casein in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind randomized trial
PubMed ID: 21167685
Whey enteral formula in elderly stroke patients increased GSH‑Px and markedly lowered IL‑6 vs casein.
- Medical ozone increases methotrexate clinical response and improves cellular redox balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
PubMed ID: 27450487
Ozone adjunct in RA increased glutathione and was associated with improved DAS28 and lower autoantibody levels—strong anti-inflammatory signal tied to GSH.
- Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (300 mg/day) on antioxidation and anti-inflammation in coronary artery disease patients during statins therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24192015
CoQ10 RCT reduced IL‑6 and TNF‑α in CAD patients—direct anti‑inflammatory effects.
- The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 26321469
CoQ10/antioxidant therapy lowered nitrites/nitrates and lipid‑peroxidation in diabetic retinopathy—reduced oxidative/inflammatory markers.
- Coenzyme Q10 in combination with triple therapy regimens ameliorates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori infection
PubMed ID: 25854786
Adding CoQ10 to H. pylori therapy improved mucosal inflammation scores and antioxidant enzymes.
- Coenzyme Q10 improves the survival and reduces inflammatory markers in septic patients
PubMed ID: 32115970
Early CoQ10 in sepsis reduced TNF‑α and MDA and lowered mortality—strong anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Selenoprotein P increases upon selenium and coenzyme Q(10) supplementation and is associated with telomere length, quality of life and reduced inflammation and mortality
PubMed ID: 38960007
Selenium+CoQ10 lowered inflammatory biomarkers in elderly—reduction in inflammation linked to improved redox/selenoprotein status.
- The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficiency of hyaluronic acid after third molar extraction
PubMed ID: 26027861
Hyaluronic acid reduced local leukocyte infiltration after tooth extraction—clear anti‑inflammatory effect at wound site.
- Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Collagen Laminin-Based Dermal Matrix Combined With Resveratrol Microparticles (Dermalix) and Standard Wound Care for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
PubMed ID: 32131656
Topical resveratrol decreased TNF and improved glutathione redox with faster wound healing—local anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Women with endometriosis improved their peripheral antioxidant markers after the application of a high antioxidant diet
PubMed ID: 19476631
High‑antioxidant diet increased GPx/SOD and decreased MDA/LHP in women with endometriosis—meaningful reduction in oxidative/inflammatory markers.
- Improvement of sulphur mustard-induced chronic pruritus, quality of life and antioxidant status by curcumin: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22099425
Curcumin changed antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced pruritus/substance P, indicating reduced inflammatory signaling in skin.
- Effects of Curcuminoids-Piperine Combination on Systemic Oxidative Stress, Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Complications Due to Sulfur Mustard: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25171552
Curcuminoids + piperine raised GSH and reduced MDA while improving respiratory QoL—shows antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects.
- Mitigation of Systemic Oxidative Stress by Curcuminoids in Osteoarthritis: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25688638
Curcuminoids in osteoarthritis increased antioxidant activity and GSH and reduced lipid peroxidation—consistent with lower inflammatory oxidative stress.
- Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39125295
Long RCT of curcumin reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant enzymes—consistent anti‑inflammatory benefit.
- Curcumin for Inflammation Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40573083
Curcumin lowered lipid peroxidation and boosted antioxidant enzymes — consistent with reduced oxidative‑driven inflammation.
- Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 41096556
Large RCT showed reductions in oxidative stress and liver fat, mechanisms linked to lower inflammatory burden.
- Effects of low-dose omega-3 fatty acid substitution in type-2 diabetes mellitus with special reference to oxidative stress--a prospective preliminary study
PubMed ID: 12421024
Omega‑3 in T2DM improved oxidative stress markers and increased reduced glutathione (anti‑inflammatory implication).
- Effect of n-3 supplementation on hyperactivity, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
PubMed ID: 24568073
EPA+DHA lowered IL‑6 and CRP and increased glutathione‑reductase activity in children with ADHD (anti‑inflammatory signal).
- A randomized controlled trial to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement
PubMed ID: 23916928
Preoperative n‑3 + vitamins C/E lowered inflammatory/oxidative markers and reduced post‑op AF.
- Effects of omega-3 fatty acid plus alpha-tocopherol supplementation on malnutrition-inflammation score, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 27554670
Omega‑3 ± vitamin E in hemodialysis patients reduced malnutrition–inflammation score and increased TAC/NO.
- Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
PubMed ID: 11421501
One‑year NAC in COPD lowered airway H2O2 (marker of oxidative/inflammatory stress) vs placebo.
- [Effects of salvianolate combined with alprostadil and reduced glutathione on progression of chronic renal failure in patients with chronic kidney diseases: a long-term randomized controlled trial]
PubMed ID: 22704412
Long‑term monthly IV therapy including reduced GSH associated with less progression of CKD—likely partly via lower inflammation (confounded).
Healthy aging (89)
- [Selenium administration in sepsis patients]
PubMed ID: 9417486
Selenium restored GSH‑Px and was linked to better clinical outcomes/reduced mortality—indirect marker of preserved cellular function relevant to ageing.
- L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women
PubMed ID: 33809996
Raised plasma GSH and improved metabolic/muscle measures in elderly women (directly relevant to aging resilience).
- Stabilization of oxidative stress 1 year after kidney transplantation: effect of calcineurin immunosuppressives
PubMed ID: 22788842
Glutathione levels rose and oxidative stress fell one year after kidney transplant — indicates restored redox balance relevant to healthy aging.
- Effects of zinc supplementation on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 23140661
Zinc raised whole-blood GSH and TAC in haemodialysis patients — improved redox status relevant to aging biology.
- Tai chi diminishes oxidative stress in Mexican older adults
PubMed ID: 22836707
Tai Chi in older adults raised GPx/GSH and lowered lipid peroxidation — antioxidant improvements relevant to healthy aging.
- N-acetylcysteine reduces disease activity by blocking mammalian target of rapamycin in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22549432
NAC improved immune/metabolic markers in SLE and raised lymphocyte GSH—mechanistic relevance to cellular aging and resilience.
- Vegetarian diet improves insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers more than conventional diet in subjects with Type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 21480966
Calorie‑restricted vegetarian diet raised reduced GSH ~27% and improved metabolic risk factors linked to healthy aging.
- The effect of caloric restriction and glycemic load on measures of oxidative stress and antioxidants in humans: results from the CALERIE Trial of Human Caloric Restriction
PubMed ID: 21623467
Calorie restriction increased GPx and lowered protein oxidation — systemic antioxidant changes tied to aging biology.
- Associations between glutathione peroxidase-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, selenium status, and DNA damage levels in obese women after consumption of Brazil nuts
PubMed ID: 21208780
Selenium (Brazil nut) raised GPx and reduced DNA damage — direct antioxidant / genomic-protection mechanism relevant to healthy aging.
- Association of selenium status and blood glutathione concentrations in blacks and whites
PubMed ID: 21462082
Higher selenium associated with increased whole‑blood GSH and GCL activity—improves antioxidant defenses linked to healthy aging.
- Supplementation of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol is useful to preventing bone loss linked to oxidative stress in elderly
PubMed ID: 20617290
Elderly RCT (vit C+E) raised GPx and lowered lipid peroxides — indirect antioxidant support relevant to aging.
- Riboflavin status in acutely ill patients and response to dietary supplements
PubMed ID: 19644132
Riboflavin supplementation in older inpatients improved erythrocyte glutathione‑reductase status (direct glutathione‑system enzyme benefit in older adults).
- Lycium barbarum (goji) juice improves in vivo antioxidant biomarkers in serum of healthy adults
PubMed ID: 19185773
Goji juice increased endogenous antioxidant enzymes (GSH‑Px) in healthy older adults.
- Effect of an antioxidant functional food beverage on exercise-induced oxidative stress: a long-term and large-scale clinical intervention study
PubMed ID: 19857542
Antioxidant drink prevented exercise‑induced oxidized GSH and DNA oxidative damage in older adults (protects redox balance).
- Biological effects of fruit and vegetables
PubMed ID: 16441945
Dietary intervention increased GPx and reduced LDL/oxidation—supports long‑term oxidative defense.
- Riboflavin lowers homocysteine in individuals homozygous for the MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism
PubMed ID: 16380544
Riboflavin substantially lowered homocysteine in MTHFR TT subjects; lower homocysteine is linked to reduced vascular ageing risk and involved glutathione-related enzyme assay.
- Effectiveness of selenium supplements in a low-selenium area of China
PubMed ID: 15817859
Dose-response restoration of plasma GPx in selenium-deficient subjects, supporting long-term antioxidant defenses relevant to healthy aging.
- [Enhancement of antioxidant capability of cancer patients during chemotherapy by reduced glutathione]
PubMed ID: 15087038
IV reduced glutathione attenuated chemo-induced oxidative damage—protection of tissues that can contribute to healthier aging.
- The 6-a-day study: effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in healthy nonsmokers
PubMed ID: 15159237
Whole foods increased GPx and plasma resistance to oxidation—supports long‑term antioxidant status.
- [Effects of metabolic therapy on intracellular level of antioxidant system in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease]
PubMed ID: 10697374
Amino-acid therapy increased glutathione-related enzymes and reduced lipid peroxidation in older patients, suggesting antioxidant support relevant to healthy aging.
- [Parameters of hemodynamics and red cell redox-status in old patients with ischemic heart disease]
PubMed ID: 10979643
Cysteine‑containing amino acids improved antioxidant markers in elderly cardiac patients.
- Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on selenoenzyme activity in blood lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets and erythrocytes
PubMed ID: 10781391
Selenium increased GPx (glutathione‑dependent) in healthy adults—biochemical ageing-relevant antioxidant effect.
- [The prevention of primary liver cancer by selenium in high risk populations]
PubMed ID: 11860943
Large RCT: selenium raised GPx and significantly reduced primary liver cancer incidence — meaningful long-term health/aging outcome.
- Selenium supplementation of children in a selenium-deficient area in China: blood selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities
PubMed ID: 11049204
Selenium increased GPx markedly in children — strong biochemical antioxidant effect relevant to aging processes.
- Low selenium status in the elderly influences thyroid hormones
PubMed ID: 8549083
Selenium (affecting GPx) in elderly changed thyroid-related markers and antioxidant indices—moderate relevance to aging physiology.
- Low Intake of Vitamin E Accelerates Cellular Aging in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease: The CORDIOPREV Study
PubMed ID: 30165472
Large observational link between antioxidant status (vitamin E/GPX) and leukocyte telomere length implying antioxidant systems relevant to cellular aging.
- Alleviated systemic oxidative stress effects of combined atmospheric oxidant capacity by fish oil supplementation: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31476451
Fish‑oil attenuated pollution‑induced decreases in GSH‑Px and improved TAC, protecting antioxidant defenses.
- Ageing improves the antioxidant response against postoperative atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22561296
Antioxidant + n‑3 PUFA raised GPX in older patients and reduced oxidative stress post‑surgery—relevant to aging biology.
- Antioxidant therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory tissue damage in patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation
PubMed ID: 21138533
Large RCT showed major improvement in GSH/GSSG and reduced oxidative damage—mechanistically linked to cellular aging.
- Long-term garlic or micronutrient supplementation, but not anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy, increases serum folate or glutathione without affecting serum vitamin B-12 or homocysteine in a rural Chinese population
PubMed ID: 19056661
Large long-term trial showed vitamin+selenium raised serum glutathione (~13%), an antioxidant mechanism relevant to aging.
- [Effects of salvianolate combined with alprostadil and reduced glutathione on progression of chronic renal failure in patients with chronic kidney diseases: a long-term randomized controlled trial]
PubMed ID: 22704412
Monthly IV reduced glutathione included in combo that slowed CKD progression—suggests systemic protective effects relevant to healthy aging (confounded by other agents).
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oral Supplementation with a Highly-Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Triglyceride in Patients with Keratoconus: A Randomized Controlled Preliminary Study
PubMed ID: 36904299
DHA product (contains small glutathione) improved antioxidant capacity and GSH/GSSG balance—relevant to aging mechanisms.
- Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 28183232
Ganoderma RCT raised plasma GSH and antioxidant enzymes—mechanistically supportive of slowing oxidative contributors to aging.
- The effect of unfiltered coffee on potential biomarkers for colonic cancer risk in healthy volunteers: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 10971235
Two‑week unfiltered coffee raised plasma and tissue glutathione (antioxidant), which plausibly supports long‑term oxidative stress defenses relevant to healthy aging.
- Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39125295
12‑month curcumin RCT raised GPx/SOD/TAC—longitudinal antioxidant upregulation relevant to aging.
- Curcumin Nanomicelle Improves Lipid Profile, Stress Oxidative Factors and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Coronary Elective Angioplasty; A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33397249
Curcumin improved GPx/SOD and lowered MDA after angioplasty—chronic antioxidant benefit.
- The effects of curcumin intake on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33200488
Nanocurcumin increased total glutathione and TAC while improving metabolic parameters, changes that align with mechanisms of healthier aging.
- Curcumin administration and the effects on psychological status and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
PubMed ID: 33183576
In patients with diabetes and CHD curcumin raised GSH and TAC and lowered MDA — biochemical changes that support cellular resilience associated with healthy aging.
- Selenoprotein P increases upon selenium and coenzyme Q(10) supplementation and is associated with telomere length, quality of life and reduced inflammation and mortality
PubMed ID: 38960007
Selenium+CoQ10 RCT in elderly improved selenoprotein P, telomere length and lowered inflammation—directly linked to aging biomarkers.
- The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 26321469
CoQ10/antioxidants improved TAC and lowered lipid‑peroxidation in diabetic retinopathy—reduces cumulative oxidative damage.
- Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (300 mg/day) on antioxidation and anti-inflammation in coronary artery disease patients during statins therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24192015
CoQ10 RCT raised GPx/SOD/CAT and lowered inflammatory cytokines—antioxidant/inflammation effects relevant to healthy aging.
- Early enteral nutrition with whey protein or casein in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind randomized trial
PubMed ID: 21167685
Whey in elderly stroke patients increased GSH‑Px and lowered IL‑6, indicating improved redox/inflammatory status relevant to aging.
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
CMA (incl. NAC) improved cognition (ADAS‑Cog) and increased plasma GSH/antioxidant markers — relevant to aging-related cognition and redox.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
Metabolic activator mix (with NAC) raised antioxidant metabolites and improved clinical outcomes, consistent with healthier aging biology.
- Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25092108
L‑carnitine increased GPx and reduced MDA in CAD patients—improves antioxidant defenses tied to aging processes.
- Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40859523
Older sarcopenic women had increased GSH/GSH‑GSSG and improved muscle mass/strength — relevant to healthy aging.
- The effects of melatonin on follicular oxidative stress and art outcomes in women with diminished ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39780224
Melatonin raised follicular reduced GSH and improved ART outcomes; indicates improved cellular redox relevant to aging biology.
- Modulation of circulating levels of advanced glycation end products and its impact on intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries: CORDIOPREV randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39402581
Mediterranean diet trial increased plasma GSH and improved AGE‑detox genes—mechanistically linked to aging pathways.
- A Short-Term Safety Evaluation of Silbinol(®)- an Extract from Pterocarpus marsupium in Healthy Adults- a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37671486
Pterostilbene increased blood GSH modestly—antioxidant change relevant to aging biology.
- Effects of Long-Term Regular Continuous and Intermittent Walking on Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Profile, Heart Rate Variability, and Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Hypertension
PubMed ID: 35140794
In older hypertensive adults 12 weeks walking raised endogenous GSH and improved redox—relevant to aging-related oxidative stress.
- Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response
PubMed ID: 34533039
IV glutathione in STEMI lowered oxidative activation and adverse remodeling—large clinical cardioprotective effect relevant to healthy aging of the heart.
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial
PubMed ID: 33613521
NAC (GSH precursor) doubled GSH and reduced oxidative/DNA damage in TB patients—direct support of cellular redox that relates to aging biology.
- Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32807165
Nutritional beverage increased blood GSH, fat‑free mass and strength in COPD patients—preserves function relevant to healthy aging.
- Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Status Fingerprint in Sarcopenic Elderly Patients: Role of Diet and Exercise
PubMed ID: 31653011
Supplement+exercise in sarcopenic elderly increased glutathione‑recycling enzyme (GR) and favorable metabolic changes relevant to aging.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Oral reduced glutathione produced clinically meaningful improvements in children with CF—direct GSH therapy with broad health benefits.
- The Effects of Fermented Laminaria japonica on Short-Term Working Memory and Physical Fitness in the Elderly
PubMed ID: 30008787
Elderly RCT: increased GPx/GSR/SOD, reduced DNA/lipid oxidation and raised IGF‑1/BDNF — strong antioxidant/aging relevance.
- Antioxidant Efficacy of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 36296919
Elderly RCT showed large, sustained increases in erythrocyte GSH and improved redox ratio—mechanistically tied to cellular aging.
- Effect of a Combination of Citrus Flavones and Flavanones and Olive Polyphenols for the Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Exploratory Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects
PubMed ID: 32438719
Citrus+olive polyphenol trial markedly improved GSH/GSSG, lowered inflammation and oxLDL — robust anti‑aging biomarkers.
- Non-Targeted Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis Showed Rice Bran Supplementation Effects Multiple Metabolic Pathways during Infant Weaning and Growth in Mali
PubMed ID: 35276967
Infant RCT raised blood GSH and improved growth/metabolic markers—supports systemic health that can relate to long‑term wellness.
- Effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on plasma levels of nutrients. Report No. 4 of the Italian-American clinical trial of nutritional supplements and age-related cataract
PubMed ID: 19636163
Large multivitamin trial in older adults raised antioxidant vitamins and improved glutathione‑related enzyme activation — plausible aging relevance.
- Management of cognitive determinants in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type: therapeutic potential of a novel polyherbal drug product
PubMed ID: 25316430
Large RCT raised blood GSH and improved cognition in Alzheimer-type patients—relevant to age‑related cellular protection.
- Erzhi Tiangui formula increases the number of high-quality blastocysts in patients with advanced age by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: a randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 41469678
In older IVF patients the formula raised granulosa‑cell GSH/ATP and improved embryo quality, suggesting cellular/age‑related benefit.
- Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40566796
Brain GSH increased in AD patients (MRS), suggesting neuroprotective aging relevance.
- α-Lipoic acid treatment of aged type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute cerebral infarction
PubMed ID: 25535146
ALA trial in older diabetics improved antioxidant enzymes and clinical scores—relevant to aging-related oxidative stress.
- Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption and antioxidant status in healthy institutionalized elderly humans
PubMed ID: 23642776
EVOO in elderly raised antioxidant capacity and altered glutathione‑linked enzymes—supports antioxidant defenses relevant to aging.
- Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine administration on red blood cell cysteine and glutathione levels in alcoholic patients with and without liver disease
PubMed ID: 7811344
SAMe normalized erythrocyte GSH in chronic alcohol users, indicating improved thiol status which can impact aging processes.
- The effect of intravenous alanyl-glutamine supplementation on plasma glutathione levels in intensive care unit trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition: the results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19608826
IV alanyl‑glutamine increased plasma glutathione in trauma patients—supports systemic antioxidant capacity linked to healthy aging.
- Depletion of plasma antioxidants in surgical intensive care unit patients requiring parenteral feeding: effects of parenteral nutrition with or without alanyl-glutamine dipeptide supplementation
PubMed ID: 18065204
Glutamine‑supplemented PN increased plasma GSH in a surgical subgroup—context‑dependent but relevant to antioxidant status.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC in older adults restored cellular GSH, improved mitochondrial function and physical performance—direct anti‑aging cellular/functional effects.
- Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
PubMed ID: 33105552
Direct human trial: glutathione‑precursor raised reduced GSH and lowered oxidized GSH—strong antioxidant biomarker support relevant to aging.
- Oxidative-inflammatory damage in cirrhosis: effect of vitamin E and a fermented papaya preparation
PubMed ID: 17444858
Antioxidant treatment (FPP) reduced leukocyte DNA 8-OHdG, indicating reduced oxidative DNA damage linked to aging.
- Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutrition
PubMed ID: 12198013
NAC rapidly restored erythrocyte GSH and synthesis in malnourished children—strong direct effect on GSH (aging‑relevant biology).
- Effect of micronutrient pack on micronutrient status and antioxidant capacities among institutional older adults in Shanghai, China
PubMed ID: 31464392
Micronutrient pack in older adults increased antioxidant enzymes (including GSH‑Px) and lowered MDA—directly relevant to antioxidant support in aging.
- Change of some oxidative stress parameters after supplementation with whey protein isolate in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 32065880
Cysteine‑rich whey raised GSH and antioxidant markers over 3 months in T2D patients—supports age‑related redox maintenance.
- Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30665436
Vitamin D+probiotic raised GSH/TAC and lowered MDA, indicating improved redox status relevant to aging.
- Effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31271585
12 weeks aquatic exercise markedly increased GSH and antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative damage.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30217229
Increased blood GSH and TAC and lowered CRP—reduces oxidative stress linked to aging.
- Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation, and the effects on clinical, metabolic and genetic status in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30642737
Probiotic+selenium RCT in Alzheimer's raised total GSH/TAC and improved cognition—relevant to aging-related brain health.
- The impact of silymarin on antioxidant and oxidative status in patients with β-thalassemia major: A crossover, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29154063
Large human RCT increases GSH and lowers multiple oxidative-damage markers—antioxidant profile consistent with anti-aging.
- Melatonin administration lowers biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29275919
Randomized trial raised plasma GSH and improved oxidative/metabolic markers in humans.
- The Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Metabolic Status of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed ID: 27490918
Soy isoflavones raised total glutathione and reduced oxidative stress and insulin resistance (human RCT).
- Effects of Yogic Practice on Metabolism and Antioxidant-Redox Status of Physically Active Males
PubMed ID: 24834493
3‑month yoga RCT increased reduced GSH and antioxidant status—mechanism consistent with slowed age‑related oxidative damage.
- Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione
PubMed ID: 24791752
Oral GSH increased systemic and tissue GSH (antioxidant) which plausibly slows age-related oxidative damage.
- Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect rodent lungs from hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation
PubMed ID: 24294000
Preclinical nanoceria preserved GSH/GSSG and reduced lipid/protein oxidation—supports antioxidant mechanisms relevant to aging (animal data).
- Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 23899653
Probiotic increased plasma total GSH and lowered hs-CRP, indicating improved systemic redox/inflammatory status relevant to aging.
- The administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress and regulates glutathione metabolism in the blood cells of workers exposed to lead
PubMed ID: 23731375
NAC increased erythrocyte GSH and lowered oxidative pigments in lead-exposed workers—improved antioxidant status linked to aging protection.
- Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23786900
Synbiotic raised plasma total GSH dramatically and lowered inflammation—biochemical pattern consistent with healthier aging.
- Daily nutritional dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals improves DNA and LDL stability: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24352096
Multi-micronutrient supplement markedly reduced DNA and LDL oxidation—direct markers linked to aging-related cellular damage.
- The effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C on cognitive performance of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in Isfahan, Iran: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24326981
One-year vitamin C+E raised GSH and TAC and lowered MDA in elderly with MCI — direct antioxidant biomarker changes linked to aging processes.
Detoxification (90)
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 35986358
Nutraceutical (includes GSH) reduced liver fat and raised antioxidant potential—supports hepatic detox/metabolism.
- Effects of a Probiotic Formulation Based on SF68, Phytosterols, and 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid on Body Composition, Biochemical Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal and General Symptoms of Overweight/Obese Subjects: The PrObesity Study
PubMed ID: 40965226
Marked erythrocyte GSH rise implicates enhanced glutathione‑dependent detox capacity (indirect, systemic).
- N-acetylcysteine modulates markers of oxidation, inflammation and infection in tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39756697
NAC (a precursor to glutathione) increased total GSH rapidly — mechanistically central to phase II detoxification pathways.
- Differential effects of inulin and fructooligosaccharides on gut microbiota composition and glycemic metabolism in overweight/obese and healthy individuals: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 40598275
Inulin increased predicted microbial glutathione metabolism and improved metabolic markers—indirect support for detox via microbiome.
- Grape seed extract supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 38419408
Grape seed extract decreased oxidative stress in NAFLD; antioxidant support assists hepatic detox processes.
- Modulation of circulating levels of advanced glycation end products and its impact on intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries: CORDIOPREV randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39402581
Mediterranean diet increased GloxI expression and GSH—improves AGE detoxification.
- Adjunctive N-Acetylcysteine and Lung Function in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39189858
NAC (a classic GSH precursor) increased whole‑blood GSH—supports known detox chemistry.
- Longitudinal metabolomics analysis reveals the acute effect of cysteine and NAC included in the combined metabolic activators
PubMed ID: 37245532
Metabolic activator study included NAC/cysteine precursors of GSH—relevant to detox capacity.
- Guided Metabolic Detoxification Program Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes and Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Participants
PubMed ID: 37432335
Whole‑food detox program increased GST activity (phase II GSH‑dependent enzyme) and TAC—strong detox pathway signal.
- The Synergic Effect of a Nutraceutical Supplementation Associated to a Mediterranean Hypocaloric Diet in a Population of Overweight/Obese Adults with NAFLD
PubMed ID: 36432436
L‑glutathione–containing nutraceutical produced robust improvements in liver enzymes and steatosis—direct detoxification/hepatoprotective support.
- A study to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of N- acetylcysteine on anti tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity and quality of life
PubMed ID: 37562904
NAC reduced liver enzymes in TB patients—supports hepatic detoxification and protection (NAC is a GSH precursor).
- The Effect of Broccoli Sprout Extract on Seasonal Grass Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis
PubMed ID: 33920642
Broccoli sprout (sulforaphane) induces phase‑II enzymes/GST pathways linked to glutathione‑mediated detox and improved nasal challenge outcomes.
- Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response
PubMed ID: 34533039
IV GSH lowered oxidative markers post‑MI—supports detoxification of reactive species in acute injury.
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial
PubMed ID: 33613521
NAC raised intracellular GSH and reduced oxidative/DNA damage—supports detoxification pathways reliant on GSH.
- Dose-dependent detoxication of the airborne pollutant benzene in a randomized trial of broccoli sprout beverage in Qidong, China
PubMed ID: 31268126
Broccoli‑sprout (sulforaphane) beverage substantially increased urinary benzene mercapturic acid indicating upregulated GSH conjugation/detox.
- Effects of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on Metabolism of 1,3-Butadiene in Smokers
PubMed ID: 31771940
PEITC robustly increased urinary GSH‑conjugate of butadiene in GSTT1‑null smokers—strong functional evidence of GSH‑mediated detoxification.
- The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
PubMed ID: 30217229
Increased systemic GSH/TAC would be expected to aid detoxification capacity.
- The efficacy of probucol combined with hydration in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 29071556
Duplicate of the same multicenter trial with similar detox/protection implications.
- [Effect of probucol on preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention]
PubMed ID: 29141361
Probucol increased systemic antioxidant markers and reduced contrast‑induced renal injury—consistent with enhanced detox/protection of kidneys (drug effect).
- The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28395131
Zinc RCT raised total GSH/TAC—GSH is central to detoxification so this supports detox capacity indirectly via increased GSH.
- N-acetylcysteine in Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning: A Randomized, Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26786042
NAC facilitated biochemical recovery in organophosphate poisoning via GSH replenishment—supports detoxification.
- Synbiotics Easing Renal Failure by Improving Gut Microbiology (SYNERGY): A Randomized Trial
PubMed ID: 26772193
Synbiotic therapy reduced p‑cresyl sulfate (a gut‑derived toxin) and altered microbiome—supports reduction of toxin burden indirectly linked to GSH systems.
- 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke
PubMed ID: 27099270
PEITC robustly increased glutathione‑conjugation (mercapturic acids) of benzene and other toxicants—strong evidence for enhanced glutathione‑mediated detox.
- A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study of N-acetylcysteine in youth with autism spectrum disorder
PubMed ID: 27103982
NAC raises GSH (the primary intracellular thiol used in many detox reactions), supporting detox capacity though the trial was in autism.
- Three week dietary intervention using apricots, pomegranate juice or/and fermented sour sobya and impact on biomarkers of antioxidative activity, oxidative stress and erythrocytic glutathione transferase activity among adults
PubMed ID: 27175476
Pomegranate juice increased erythrocytic GST activity and reduced lipid peroxidation—supports glutathione‑dependent detox pathways.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes and the malondialdehyde level in the blood of lead-exposed workers
PubMed ID: 24577230
NAC in lead workers reduced oxidative stress markers and restored antioxidant enzymes—direct relevance to detoxifying toxicant effects.
- Rapid and sustainable detoxication of airborne pollutants by broccoli sprout beverage: results of a randomized clinical trial in China
PubMed ID: 24913818
Large RCT showed persistent increases in urinary GSH‑conjugate mercapturic acids for benzene and acrolein—strong evidence of enhanced GSH‑dependent detoxication.
- Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 23899653
Probiotic increased plasma GSH and lowered inflammatory markers—biochemical support for detoxification pathways.
- Common polymorphic deletion of glutathione S-transferase theta predisposes to acquired aplastic anemia: Independent cohort and meta-analysis of 609 patients
PubMed ID: 23798465
GSTT1 null genotype meta-analysis links glutathione‑conjugation enzyme loss to higher disease risk—supports the biological importance of GST-mediated detox.
- The administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress and regulates glutathione metabolism in the blood cells of workers exposed to lead
PubMed ID: 23731375
NAC in lead‑exposed workers raised erythrocyte GSH and related enzyme activity—directly supportive of detoxification capacity in a toxic‑exposure context.
- Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23786900
Synbiotic’s large GSH increase implies enhanced conjugation/detox potential, though detox endpoints were not directly measured.
- Cruciferous vegetable supplementation in a controlled diet study alters the serum peptidome in a GSTM1-genotype dependent manner
PubMed ID: 21272319
Cruciferous vegetable intake altered serum peptides in a GSTM1 genotype‑dependent way, implicating glutathione S‑transferase–mediated detox pathways.
- Modulation of the metabolism of airborne pollutants by glucoraphanin-rich and sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout beverages in Qidong, China
PubMed ID: 22045030
Broccoli‑sprout beverages increased urinary glutathione‑derived mercapturic acids (acrolein, crotonaldehyde, benzene) by ~20–50% — strong human evidence for enhanced glutathione‑mediated detox.
- LC-MS/MS quantification of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in human plasma and urine after dietary intake of selenium-fortified broccoli
PubMed ID: 21732669
SFN‑GSH metabolites were quantified after broccoli intake and selenium‑fortified broccoli affected selenium status — evidence of SFN–GSH conjugation (detox path).
- A clinical trial of glutathione supplementation in autism spectrum disorders
PubMed ID: 22129897
Oral glutathione increased plasma reduced GSH and sulfur metabolites—supports detox pathways though intracellular changes were small.
- Association of selenium status and blood glutathione concentrations in blacks and whites
PubMed ID: 21462082
Selenium status linked to higher free GSH and increased GCL—supports glutathione synthesis important for detox.
- Optimization of selenoprotein P and other plasma selenium biomarkers for the assessment of the selenium nutritional requirement: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study of selenomethionine supplementation in selenium-deficient Chinese subjects
PubMed ID: 20573787
Defined supplemental Se doses that optimize GPx and SEPP1—enhances selenium‑dependent glutathione peroxidase detox capacity.
- Safety and efficacy of oral DMSA therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: part B - behavioral results
PubMed ID: 19852790
DMSA chelation in autistic children increased RBC glutathione and urinary metal excretion with correlated behavioral improvements — strong evidence linking glutathione to metal detox processes.
- Modulation of human serum glutathione S-transferase A1/2 concentration by cruciferous vegetables in a controlled feeding study is influenced by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes
PubMed ID: 19900941
Crucifer intake raised serum GSTA1/2 (a glutathione‑dependent detox enzyme) in a dose‑dependent manner.
- Cruciferous vegetable feeding alters UGT1A1 activity: diet- and genotype-dependent changes in serum bilirubin in a controlled feeding trial
PubMed ID: 19336732
Cruciferous vegetables lowered serum bilirubin via UGT induction—evidence for enhanced phase II detoxification.
- [A clinical study of N-acetylcysteine treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients]
PubMed ID: 18647523
IV glutathione/NAC improved bilirubin clearance and coagulation markers in hepatitis B—direct detox/hepatic function effect.
- An open-label dose-response study of lymphocyte glutathione levels in healthy men and women receiving pressurized whey protein isolate supplements
PubMed ID: 17710587
Substantial human increase in intracellular GSH from cysteine-rich whey — GSH is a principal cellular detoxifier, so this supports detox capacity.
- Cumulative genetic defects in carcinogen metabolism may increase breast cancer risk (The Netherlands)
PubMed ID: 16049806
GSTT1 null genotype associated with higher cancer risk—strong genetic link to glutathione‑mediated detoxification.},{
- Effects of silymarin MZ-80 on oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 11841050
Silymarin increased GSH and decreased lipid peroxidation in cirrhosis—GSH‑related detox pathways in liver disease were favorably affected.
- Influence of selenium-enriched yeast supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative damage and hormone status in healthy adult males: a clinical pilot study
PubMed ID: 12433727
Selenium yeast raised blood GSH, an important substrate for phase II detoxification reactions.
- Acetylcysteine and contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity
PubMed ID: 12106935
Oral acetylcysteine (a GSH precursor) reduced contrast nephropathy in a low-contrast-volume subgroup, consistent with renal protection/detoxification.
- Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets
PubMed ID: 10952095
Dietary brassica/allium intake increased glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST) in humans — enhances glutathione-mediated phase II detoxification.
- The effect of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine on lipoperoxidative damage in patients with early septic shock
PubMed ID: 10852765
GSH (±NAC) lowered lipid peroxidation in septic shock—enhances removal of oxidative/toxic species.
- Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China
PubMed ID: 10050868
Oltipraz markedly shifted aflatoxin metabolism toward glutathione‑dependent conjugation—strong detox signal.
- Oltipraz chemoprevention trial in Qidong, People's Republic of China: modulation of serum aflatoxin albumin adduct biomarkers
PubMed ID: 9488587
Oltipraz (GST inducer) produced transient declines in aflatoxin‑albumin adducts, indicating enhanced conjugation/detox pathways.
- Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial
PubMed ID: 9261526
Glutathione co‑treatment with cisplatin reduced renal toxicity and allowed more treatment completion—direct detoxification/protection during chemotoxic exposure.
- Primary chemotherapy in breast invasive carcinoma: predictive value of the immunohistochemical detection of hormonal receptors, p53, c-erbB-2, MiB1, pS2 and GST pi
PubMed ID: 8912545
Study documents GST‑pi expression changes in tumors and after chemotherapy—relates to glutathione S‑transferase activity in detoxification pathways.
- [The use of reduced glutathione in alcoholic hepatopathy]
PubMed ID: 1766577
Improved liver enzyme markers in alcoholic liver disease suggest better hepatic detox capacity with reduced GSH.
- [Preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy]
PubMed ID: 27531486
Regimens including glutathione showed reduced chemotherapy neurotoxicity, consistent with detox/protective effects during chemo.
- Effects of long-term folate supplementation on metabolic status and regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26853484
Folate increased plasma GSH and reduced lipid peroxidation and insulin markers—supports detoxifying capacity via GSH.
- The effects of folate supplementation on inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 24628390
Folate raised GSH and lowered MDA/homocysteine in PCOS—improved glutathione pools relevant to phase II detoxification.
- Exposure to acetaminophen and all its metabolites upon 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg intravenous acetaminophen in very-preterm infants
PubMed ID: 28553988
Acetaminophen neonatal PK documents formation of cysteine/mercapturate conjugates via GSH-dependent detox pathways—direct evidence of GSH in detoxification.
- Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients
PubMed ID: 27306219
Cystine+theanine supply GSH substrates and markedly reduced chemo GI toxicity and improved dosing adherence—supports detox/chelating capacity indirectly.
- Improved oxidative status in major abdominal surgery patients after N-acetyl cystein supplementation
PubMed ID: 25559659
NAC (a canonical GSH precursor detox agent) improved GSH redox and reduced lipid peroxidation—mechanistic support for detoxification.
- Perioperative oral administration of cystine and theanine enhances recovery after distal gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22972879
Perioperative cystine/theanine (GSH precursors) improved markers of inflammatory/metabolic stress—supports detoxification capacity during surgical stress.
- Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 28183232
Ganoderma raised systemic GSH and GPx and reduced TBARS in mild liver dysfunction—supports detox pathways.
- The Effects of Broccoli Sprout Extract Containing Sulforaphane on Lipid Peroxidation and Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Gastric Mucosa
PubMed ID: 25287166
Broccoli sprout (sulforaphane) reduced mucosal MDA and slightly increased mucosal GSH—sulforaphane is known to induce detox enzymes.
- Effect of antioxidant therapy on hepatic fibrosis and liver iron concentrations in β-thalassemia major patients
PubMed ID: 23565660
Antioxidant therapy lowered liver iron and improved hepatic markers in β‑thalassemia—consistent with improved hepatic handling/detox pathways.
- Oral Vitamin D supplementation impacts gene expression in granulosa cells in women undergoing IVF
PubMed ID: 33305818
Vitamin D upregulated GSTA3 (a GST family member) in follicular cells — evidence of GST induction.
- Safety and efficacy of oral DMSA therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: Part A--medical results
PubMed ID: 19852789
DMSA chelation markedly increased urinary toxic metal excretion and normalized RBC glutathione—direct detox effect (chelation primary agent).
- Studies on persisting effects of soy-based compared with amino acid-supplemented casein-based diet on protein metabolism and oxidative stress in juvenile pigs
PubMed ID: 17451107
Pig study showed increased liver glutathione after soy feeding—supports hepatic detox capacity in an animal model.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
CMA contained NAC (GSH precursor) and increased glutathione/antioxidant metabolites — supports detoxification capacity.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Direct oral GSH reduced gut inflammation in CF and is mechanistically linked to detoxification via GSH availability.
- CYP1A2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms and diet effects on CYP1A2 activity in a crossover feeding trial
PubMed ID: 19843669
Cruciferous vegetables induced CYP1A2 in dose‑dependent manner (GST genotype dependent) — supports xenobiotic metabolism/detox pathways.
- The RIVET RCT: Rifamycin SV MMX improves muscle mass, physical function, and ammonia in cirrhosis and minimal encephalopathy
PubMed ID: 38315140
Cirrhosis RCT lowered ammonia and increased brain GSH signal — improved nitrogen detox/clinical detox relevance.
- Associations between carcinogen-DNA damage, glutathione S-transferase genotypes, and risk of lung cancer in the prospective Physicians' Health Cohort Study
PubMed ID: 12376472
Higher DNA adducts and certain GST genotypes predicted lung cancer risk—implicates glutathione‑transferase detox pathways vs pollutants.
- Effects of trace element and/or vitamin supplementation on vitamin and mineral status, free radical metabolism and immunological markers in elderly long term-hospitalized subjects. Geriatric Network MIN. VIT. AOX
PubMed ID: 9433680
Trace elements increased Se‑GPx (selenium is key in detox/antioxidant defense)—supports detox capacity.
- Management of cognitive determinants in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type: therapeutic potential of a novel polyherbal drug product
PubMed ID: 25316430
Large GSH increase with polyherbal formula would enhance conjugation/detox capacity systemically.
- The importance of intraoperative selenium blood levels on organ dysfunction in patients undergoing off-pump cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25118980
Perioperative decreases in selenium and GPx were linked to organ dysfunction—GPx is central to detox/antioxidant defense.
- Effect of lipoic acid supplementation on gene expression and activity of glutathione S-transferase enzyme in infertile men
PubMed ID: 31291793
ALA increased GST (glutathione S-transferase) expression/activity in semen—direct enhancement of a detox enzyme.
- Effects of GSH on Alcohol Metabolism and Hangover Improvement in Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39408229
Oral product containing glutathione significantly reduced blood acetaldehyde after alcohol—direct detoxifying effect.
- Treatment with metadoxine and its impact on early mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis
PubMed ID: 24756009
Metadoxine (glutathione-restoring properties) markedly improved outcomes in severe alcoholic hepatitis — strong detoxification-related clinical signal.
- Influence of GST gene polymorphisms on the clearance of intravenous busulfan in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation
PubMed ID: 21215809
GST genotypes strongly influenced busulfan clearance (GSH‑conjugation) demonstrating the detox role of glutathione pathways.
- Effects of short-term moderate alcohol administration on oxidative stress and nutritional status in healthy males
PubMed ID: 17602789
Alcohol lowering GSH indicates impaired detox capacity after exposure—supports rationale for GSH in detox.
- Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism: a risk factor for hepatic venoocclusive disease in bone marrow transplantation
PubMed ID: 15142875
GSTM1 genotype effects on busulfan conjugation and HVOD show GSH conjugation's detox role.
- L-Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Liver Transplantation Patients
PubMed ID: 26518955
L‑alanyl‑glutamine reduced lipid peroxidation in grafts—supports antioxidant/detoxification processes during ischemia‑reperfusion.
- The effect of intravenous alanyl-glutamine supplementation on plasma glutathione levels in intensive care unit trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition: the results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19608826
IV alanyl‑Gln increased plasma glutathione—enhanced GSH availability supports conjugation/detoxification pathways.
- Therapeutic effects of reduced glutathione on liver function, fibrosis, and HBV DNA clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients
PubMed ID: 39920583
IV GSH improved hepatic injury markers and viral outcomes—supports hepatic detoxification/repair when added to antiviral therapy.
- A Multi-Omic Mosaic Model of Acetaminophen Induced Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation
PubMed ID: 37231244
Associations between metabolites/genetics, ALT rises and lowered glutathione implicate GSH in detox of reactive metabolites (APAP context).
- The Potential Role of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of N-Acetylcysteine Administration During Liver Procurement. The NAC-400 Single Center Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 33044432
NAC (GSH precursor) reduced postoperative ALT in long ischemia subgroup—GSH precursor use in transplantation suggests detox/hepatic protection.
- Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
PubMed ID: 33105552
Raised intracellular reduced GSH improves capacity for detoxification reactions.
- Improvement of liver function in humans using a mixture of schisandra fruit extract and sesamin
PubMed ID: 22610748
By increasing glutathione-related enzyme activity and lowering ALT/AST, schisandra+sesamin likely supports hepatic detox pathways.
- [Effect of reduced glutathione on impairment of hepatic function after delayed resuscitation of severe burn shock]
PubMed ID: 19220959
Reduced GSH improved multiple hepatic injury markers and bilirubin in burned patients — supports hepatic detoxification function.
- Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutrition
PubMed ID: 12198013
NAC rapidly restored erythrocyte cysteine and GSH synthesis—directly bolsters detoxification capacity via glutathione.
- Association of alpha-interferon and acetyl cysteine in patients with chronic C hepatitis
PubMed ID: 11218623
NAC (a GSH precursor) improved oxidative balance and reduced relapse in hepatitis C—supports hepatic detox pathways.
Illness recovery (83)
- N-acetylcysteine modulates markers of oxidation, inflammation and infection in tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39756697
Adjunct NAC rapidly raised glutathione and reduced inflammatory markers in TB (biomarker improvement may aid recovery despite slowed sputum clearance).
- Clinical efficacy of ilaprazole combined with somatostatin on severe acute pancreatitis and the effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response
PubMed ID: 39348650
Drug combo in severe pancreatitis raised antioxidant enzymes and coincided with faster clinical recovery.
- RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
PubMed ID: 38691102
Vitamin B6 in sepsis raised GSH/antioxidant markers and improved renal outcomes — faster organ recovery signal.
- Adjunctive N-Acetylcysteine and Lung Function in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39189858
NAC in TB raised whole‑blood GSH and was associated with faster lung‑function recovery.
- Resistance training improves functional capacities in women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized control trial
PubMed ID: 39578772
Resistance training in MS improved strength/function and fatigue—functional recovery though oxidative markers unchanged.
- Guided Metabolic Detoxification Program Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes and Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Participants
PubMed ID: 37432335
Whole‑food 'detox' program increased GST and TAC and lowered immune‑cell ROS—supports physiologic recovery processes.
- Response to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
PubMed ID: 37405379
IV NAC in critically ill COVID‑19 improved oxygenation and reduced inflammatory markers—supports clinical recovery.
- Comparative effect of transforaminal injection of Magnesium sulphate versus Ozone on oxidative stress biomarkers in lumbar disc related radicular pain
PubMed ID: 35941548
Transforaminal Mg/ozone improved pain/disability and increased GSH/SOD two weeks after lumbar intervention—clinical recovery benefit with antioxidant changes.
- Early and prolonged glutathione infusion favorably impacts length of hospital stay in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients: a subanalysis of the GSH2014 Trial
PubMed ID: 36083043
Intravenous glutathione in STEMI reduced hospital length‑of‑stay by ~2 days (direct recovery benefit).
- Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response
PubMed ID: 34533039
IV GSH around PCI in STEMI reduced inflammation/oxidative activation and much less adverse LV remodeling—evidence of improved cardiac recovery.
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial
PubMed ID: 33613521
NAC added to TB therapy raised GSH and reduced oxidative damage—biomarkers consistent with improved recovery from infection/injury.
- Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32807165
Fortified whey (with increased GSH) increased fat‑free mass and strength in COPD—helps physical recovery/rehabilitation.
- Combination of Vinpocetine and Dexamethasone Alleviates Cognitive Impairment in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients following Radiation Injury
PubMed ID: 32294652
Adjunct therapy that raised GSH and antioxidants improved cognitive scores in radiation brain injury—suggests faster neurologic recovery in that setting.
- Evaluation of modulatory effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract on oxidative stress in ischemic stroke patients: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33151132
Saffron raised GSH/TAC and improved short‑term stroke scores over 4 days, indicating faster clinical/oxidative recovery (small trial).
- Antenatal N-acetylcysteine to improve outcomes of premature infants with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation (Triple I): randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32818949
Maternal NAC in preterm labour reduced serious neonatal morbidity (notably BPD), indicating clinically faster/ better neonatal recovery.
- Glutathione infusion before primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 31399448
Peri‑reperfusion IV glutathione in STEMI reduced oxidative injury markers and troponin—consistent with accelerated cardiac recovery.
- Propolis as an Adjuvant in the Healing of Human Diabetic Foot Wounds Receiving Care in the Diagnostic and Treatment Centre from the Regional Hospital of Talca
PubMed ID: 31612147
Topical propolis increased tissue GSH and improved diabetic foot ulcer area reduction—directly linked to faster wound healing.
- Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 30637662
Pre‑CABG selenium increased total GSH and lowered MDA/CRP, implying improved perioperative recovery potential.
- Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28619005
Immunonutrition raised blood GSH and lowered IL-6 in TBI patients, consistent with enhanced recovery from injury (moderate–high relevance).
- The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28395131
Zinc RCT in diabetic foot ulcers raised total GSH and improved ulcer size (direct recovery outcome linked to GSH).
- N-acetylcysteine in Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning: A Randomized, Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26786042
Oral NAC in acute organophosphate poisoning increased GSH, lowered MDA and reduced atropine needs—clinical recovery benefit.
- Clinical Evidence of Acetyl-L-Carnitine Efficacy in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35936217
ALC improved neurological scores at 90 days and increased antioxidant enzymes—evidence of faster/ better recovery post‑stroke.
- Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutrition
PubMed ID: 12198013
NAC rapidly restored erythrocyte GSH and synthesis in severely malnourished children—clear restorative effect on cellular redox and recovery.
- [Protective effect of reduced glutathione on multiple organ function in patient with acute pancreatitis]
PubMed ID: 16297323
Reduced GSH in acute pancreatitis produced larger decreases in TNF-α/IL-6 and organ-injury biomarkers vs control, indicating faster biochemical recovery.
- Effects of glutamine supplementation on patients undergoing abdominal surgery
PubMed ID: 19382426
Glutamine in TPN attenuated postoperative fall in plasma/RBC GSH and improved albumin — associated with better postoperative recovery markers.
- [Effect of reduced glutathione on impairment of hepatic function after delayed resuscitation of severe burn shock]
PubMed ID: 19220959
Reduced GSH treatment in severely burned patients improved ALT/AST and bilirubin over 7–14 days vs control, consistent with faster recovery of hepatic function.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC improved physical function and markers of mitochondrial health—supports faster functional recovery in older adults.
- Therapeutic effects of reduced glutathione on liver function, fibrosis, and HBV DNA clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients
PubMed ID: 39920583
IV reduced glutathione added to antiviral therapy in hepatitis B markedly improved liver enzymes and fibrosis markers, indicating faster hepatic recovery.
- The effect of intravenous alanyl-glutamine supplementation on plasma glutathione levels in intensive care unit trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition: the results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19608826
IV alanyl‑Gln raised plasma glutathione in trauma patients—improved antioxidant status plausibly aids recovery from injury.
- L-Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Liver Transplantation Patients
PubMed ID: 26518955
L‑alanyl‑glutamine reduced lipid peroxidation in liver grafts, suggesting reduced ischemia‑reperfusion injury and improved graft recovery.
- Effect of cysteine derivatives administration in healthy men exposed to intense resistance exercise by evaluation of pro-antioxidant ratio
PubMed ID: 17999779
Cysteine-derivative supplementation blunted exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and preserved antioxidant enzymes—supports faster recovery from exercise stress.
- Assessment of the antioxidant effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid in healthy men exposed to muscle-damaging exercise
PubMed ID: 19617657
ALA increased GSH and decreased exercise-related lipid peroxidation — supports faster biochemical recovery after exercise.
- Combination of plant phenolics and isoquinolinium alkaloids protects gingival fibroblast and improves post-extraction healing after lower third molar extraction
PubMed ID: 34617520
Topical antioxidant paste reduced ROS/IL‑6 and improved clinical wound‑healing after extraction—clear faster recovery signal.
- University of Wisconsin solution versus crystalloid cardioplegia for human donor heart preservation. A randomized blinded prospective clinical trial
PubMed ID: 1735983
Heart preservation solution (contains antioxidants historically including GSH) sped electrical recovery and lowered enzyme release.
- Coenzyme Q(10), vitamin E, selenium, and methionine in the treatment of chronic recurrent viral mucocutaneous infections
PubMed ID: 22079390
Antioxidant/methionine adjunct sped healing and reduced relapses in viral skin infections while raising antioxidant capacity.
- Supplementation with antioxidants in the treatment of Graves' disease; the effect on glutathione peroxidase activity and concentration of selenium
PubMed ID: 14967159
Antioxidant combo (raised GPx/selenium) sped clinical recovery in Graves' disease when added to therapy.
- Enteral nutrition supplemented with L-glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to pulmonary infection
PubMed ID: 22055478
Enteral glutamine in ICU increased lymphocytes and reduced lipid peroxidation—immunologic and oxidative changes that can speed recovery.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Oral GSH in CF improved growth and gut inflammation substantially—indicates improved clinical recovery/nutritional status.
- The protective effect of melatonin on brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats and humans: In vivo assessment and a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30098076
Perioperative melatonin increased GPx and reduced inflammatory markers—supports faster postoperative recovery.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
Phase‑2/3 CMA trials (incl. NAC) significantly shortened COVID‑19 outpatient recovery time vs placebo.
- The Antioxidant Effect of Selenium on Succinylcholine-related Myalgia After Adult Sinuscopies: Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 34554692
Preoperative selenium reduced postoperative myalgia and analgesic needs—supports faster post-procedural recovery (selenium supports GPx).
- Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Collagen Laminin-Based Dermal Matrix Combined With Resveratrol Microparticles (Dermalix) and Standard Wound Care for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
PubMed ID: 32131656
Dermal resveratrol doubled diabetic wound closure and improved GSH/GSSG and inflammation—direct faster tissue recovery.
- Reduction of nosocomial pneumonia after major burns by trace element supplementation: aggregation of two randomised trials
PubMed ID: 17081282
Trace‑element (Se/Zn/Cu) supplementation in severe burns restored GSHPx and substantially reduced nosocomial pneumonia and ICU stay—strong recovery signal.
- Intermittent antegrade warm cardioplegia reduces oxidative stress and improves metabolism of the ischemic-reperfused human myocardium
PubMed ID: 7715228
Warm cardioplegia limited glutathione release and lipid peroxidation with better functional recovery.
- Effects of lemon verbena extract (Recoverben®) supplementation on muscle strength and recovery after exhaustive exercise: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29410606
Lemon verbena reduced exercise‑induced loss of muscle strength and trended to higher GPx, indicating faster functional recovery.
- Effects of Acute and Repeated Ischemic Preconditioning on Recovery from Muscle Fatigue after High-Intensity Swim Training in Male Amateur Swimmers
PubMed ID: 40933317
Repeated ischemic preconditioning raised GSH and improved recovery of work/power after high‑intensity training in swimmers.
- Perioperative oral administration of cystine and theanine enhances recovery after distal gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22972879
Perioperative cystine+theanine reduced IL‑6 and CRP and blunted postop REE rise—supports faster metabolic/clinical recovery.
- Improved oxidative status in major abdominal surgery patients after N-acetyl cystein supplementation
PubMed ID: 25559659
NAC perioperatively raised GSH:GSSG and lowered lipid peroxidation—biochemical support for improved recovery after surgical stress.
- Perioperative Administration of Cystine and Theanine Suppresses Inflammation and Facilitates Early Rehabilitation and Recovery after Esophagectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35684118
Randomized placebo‑controlled trial: perioperative cystine+theanine reduced inflammatory markers and improved 6MWT and QoR‑40 after esophagectomy.
- Dapagliflozin for Small Nerve Fibre Regeneration in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomised Controlled Study (DINE)
PubMed ID: 40044634
Dapagliflozin increased GPX and improved small‑nerve fibre density in diabetic neuropathy (tissue repair evidence).
- Antioxidant therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory tissue damage in patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation
PubMed ID: 21138533
Perioperative antioxidant+n‑3 intervention reduced oxidative damage and inflammation in cardiac surgery, potentially speeding recovery.
- Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28716357
Omega‑3 increased plasma GSH/TAC and produced clear, faster wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer patients over 12 weeks.
- Effect of enteral feeding with ginger extract in acute respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 22884532
Enteral ginger increased RBC GSH, reduced inflammation and improved oxygenation with shorter ventilation/ICU stay.
- [Effects on glutathione of patients received glutamine dipeptide enriched parenteral nutrition post abdominal surgery]
PubMed ID: 16318774
Glutamine‑enriched PN preserved GSH/GSSG ratio after abdominal surgery → supports recovery of redox status post-op.
- Glutamine administration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and the influence on blood glutathione levels
PubMed ID: 19681775
Perioperative glutamine infusion prevented postoperative fall in blood GSH, a biochemical effect supporting recovery after cardiac surgery.
- Evaluation of the effects of a preoperative 2-hour fast with maltodextrine and glutamine on insulin resistance, acute-phase response, nitrogen balance, and serum glutathione after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a controlled randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22235107
Preop glutamine drink improved postoperative glutathione, insulin resistance and nitrogen balance—favors faster recovery.
- [Usefulness of the prevention of oxygen radical damage in the critical patient using the parenteral administration of reduced glutathione in high doses]
PubMed ID: 1463596
High‑dose IV GSH in critically ill reduced oxidative damage and improved RBC deformability → supports recovery from oxidative injury.
- Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 7799029
GSH given with cisplatin markedly reduced neuropathy and transfusion needs, improving post-treatment outcomes.
- A trial of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and procysteine in ARDS. The Antioxidant in ARDS Study Group
PubMed ID: 9228372
Randomized ARDS trial: NAC/OTZ increased RBC GSH and shortened duration of acute lung injury (clear recovery benefit).
- [Selenium administration in sepsis patients]
PubMed ID: 9417486
Selenium normalized GSH‑Px and associated with improved APACHE scores, less renal failure and lower mortality in critically ill patients.
- [Selenium substitution in acute myocardial infarct]
PubMed ID: 9417492
IV selenium in acute MI raised GSH‑Px and was linked to less left heart failure (fewer complications → faster clinical recovery).
- Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial
PubMed ID: 9261526
Glutathione co‑administration with cisplatin allowed more patients to complete chemo cycles and preserved renal function/QoL.
- [Effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus]
PubMed ID: 9863072
Single oral selenium increased GSH‑Px and was associated with faster recovery from RSV in infants.
- Ebselen in acute ischemic stroke: a placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Ebselen Study Group
PubMed ID: 9445321
Ebselen (GPx‑mimetic) modestly improved early stroke outcomes when started early (short‑term recovery benefit).
- Neuroprotective effect of an antioxidant, ebselen, in patients with delayed neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
PubMed ID: 9482177
Antioxidant with GSH‑like activity improved neurological outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (faster/ better recovery).
- Selenium replacement in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome improves clinical outcome
PubMed ID: 10507602
High‑dose selenium in SIRS rapidly normalized GSH‑Px and was associated with less dialysis—improved clinical recovery signals.
- The effect of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine on lipoperoxidative damage in patients with early septic shock
PubMed ID: 10852765
High‑dose IV glutathione (±NAC) in early septic shock reduced oxidative damage and improved clinical scores.
- Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12177109
IV glutathione substantially reduced oxaliplatin neuropathy incidence versus placebo, a meaningful clinical recovery/protection effect during chemotherapy.
- B-group vitamin supplementation mitigates oxidative damage after acute ischaemic stroke
PubMed ID: 15279619
B‑vitamin given after stroke reduced lipid peroxidation and inflammation — could support recovery post‑ischemia.
- Pulsatile machine perfusion with Vasosol solution improves early graft function after cadaveric renal transplantation
PubMed ID: 15114096
Antioxidant-enhanced organ perfusion reduced delayed graft function and improved early graft outcomes (faster organ recovery).
- [Enhancement of antioxidant capability of cancer patients during chemotherapy by reduced glutathione]
PubMed ID: 15087038
IV glutathione with chemotherapy reduced oxidative injury and preserved antioxidant enzymes, suggesting faster biochemical recovery from treatment insult.
- [Effect of enucleation of hysteromyoma by laparoscopic surgery on protein oxidation and lipid hyperoxidation]
PubMed ID: 15854463
Surgery acutely depleted GPx and AOA—implicates GSH system in perioperative recovery (observational).
- Cardioprotective effect of cold-blood cardioplegia enriched with N-acetylcysteine during coronary artery bypass grafting
PubMed ID: 16427861
NAC added to cardioplegia reduced troponin and MDA—direct intervention that boosts GSH availability and improved cardiac recovery.},{
- Selenium in Intensive Care (SIC): results of a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-center study in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock
PubMed ID: 17095947
High-dose IV selenium in severe sepsis increased GPx activity and was associated with lower mortality in protocol-adherent patients — suggests faster/better recovery in critical illness (indirect via GSH system).
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine in attenuating ischemic reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass
PubMed ID: 19467834
NAC added to cardioplegia lowered oxidative markers and improved short‑term postoperative ejection fraction — suggests faster cardiac recovery.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine treatment on oxidative stress and inflammation after severe burn
PubMed ID: 21978796
NAC in severe burns preserved GSH, reduced cytokines and catecholamine needs — signals faster physiologic stabilization.
- High-dose selenium reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia and illness severity in critically ill patients with systemic inflammation
PubMed ID: 21445641
Reduced SOFA and early VAP in critically ill patients after Se (increasing GPx) indicates faster clinical recovery.
- The role of preconditioning and N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress resulting from tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion in arthroscopic knee surgery
PubMed ID: 21610364
NAC given before tourniquet ischemia prevented oxidative-stress changes vs control — strong evidence for improving acute recovery from ischemia–reperfusion.
- Indirect moxibustion (CV4 and CV8) ameliorates chronic fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study
PubMed ID: 22757691
Moxibustion raised total glutathione and reduced fatigue in chronic‑fatigue patients—consistent with faster symptomatic recovery.
- Changes in antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors of overweight young men after six weeks supplementation of whey protein isolate and resistance training
PubMed ID: 22889987
Resistance training plus whey increased GSH/TAC, suggesting improved antioxidant support for exercise recovery.
- The efficacy of selenium in prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic SCT: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 23292233
Oral selenium reduced incidence/duration of severe oral mucositis after HSCT and raised GPx (GSH pathway) — clinical faster recovery signal.
- N-acetyl cysteine for prevention of oral mucositis in hematopoietic SCT: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24614837
NAC infusion in allo‑HSCT substantially reduced incidence/duration of severe oral mucositis—clear clinical recovery benefit.
- Impact of Selenium Supplementation in Neutropenia and Immunoglobulin Production in Childhood Cancer Patients
PubMed ID: 27266340
Selenium reduced neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients—fewer infections/complications can speed recovery.
Liver support (63)
- [Effect of reduced glutathione on impairment of hepatic function after delayed resuscitation of severe burn shock]
PubMed ID: 19220959
Reduced GSH therapy in burned patients produced significant decreases in ALT/AST and bilirubin by day 14 vs control.
- Randomized trial to evaluate the clinical benefits of serum alpha-glutathione S-transferase concentration monitoring after liver transplantation
PubMed ID: 9392310
Daily alpha‑GST monitoring after liver transplant improved short‑term outcomes—practical liver‑related benefit.
- Association of alpha-interferon and acetyl cysteine in patients with chronic C hepatitis
PubMed ID: 11218623
NAC added to interferon improved oxidative markers and reduced relapse in hepatitis C—supports hepatic antioxidant therapy.
- [Protective effect of reduced glutathione on multiple organ function in patient with acute pancreatitis]
PubMed ID: 16297323
IV reduced GSH in acute pancreatitis led to larger decreases in ALT/AST and other organ-injury biomarkers vs control.
- Effects of glutamine supplementation on patients undergoing abdominal surgery
PubMed ID: 19382426
Perioperative glutamine maintained plasma/RBC GSH and higher albumin postoperatively — supportive of hepatic/overall recovery.
- Improvement of liver function in humans using a mixture of schisandra fruit extract and sesamin
PubMed ID: 22610748
Schisandra+sesamin increased GPx/GR and lowered ALT/AST in people with borderline elevated enzymes — direct liver-function improvement.
- Protective effect of corn peptides against alcoholic liver injury in men with chronic alcohol consumption: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 25494594
Corn‑peptide RCT in chronic alcohol users raised antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD) and modestly lowered ALT—supports hepatic antioxidant benefit.
- The effects of DASH diet on weight loss and metabolic status in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26503843
DASH diet increased GSH and reduced ALT in NAFLD patients—dietary evidence for hepatic benefit.
- Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract improves hepatic abnormalities in male subjects
PubMed ID: 26604653
Broccoli‑sprout (sulforaphane precursor) RCT improved ALT and lowered an oxidative DNA marker in fatty liver patients.
- Efficacy of a Standardized Extract of Prunus mume in Liver Protection and Redox Homeostasis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 26952142
Prunus mume RCT markedly lowered ALT and shifted glutathione to reduced (protective) form—strong liver‑protective signal.
- A Multi-Omic Mosaic Model of Acetaminophen Induced Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation
PubMed ID: 37231244
Observational multi‑omic study linked lowered glutathione to acetaminophen‑related ALT rises—supports GSH relevance to hepatic injury susceptibility.
- Grape seed extract in combination with deferasirox ameliorates iron overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction in beta thalassemia children
PubMed ID: 37832335
Grape seed extract increased GSH and lowered ferritin and ALT in children with β‑thalassemia—improved liver and iron‑related injury markers.
- Therapeutic effects of reduced glutathione on liver function, fibrosis, and HBV DNA clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients
PubMed ID: 39920583
IV reduced glutathione added to entecavir produced large improvements in ALT, fibrosis markers and HBV‑DNA clearance—strong liver benefit.
- L-Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Liver Transplantation Patients
PubMed ID: 26518955
Portal L‑alanyl‑glutamine reduced lipid peroxidation in liver grafts, suggesting protection of graft liver tissue.
- Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine administration on red blood cell cysteine and glutathione levels in alcoholic patients with and without liver disease
PubMed ID: 7811344
Parenteral SAMe normalized erythrocyte GSH abnormalities in chronic alcohol users—relevant to alcohol‑related liver injury and thiol status.
- Improvement of hemorheological abnormalities in alcoholics by an oral antioxidant
PubMed ID: 11379344
Oral antioxidant in alcoholics partially restored plasma GSH and improved RBC/liver‑related parameters—indirect hepatic benefit evidence.
- The prophylactic use of the beta-blocker esmolol in combination with phosphodiesterase III inhibitor enoximone in elderly cardiac surgery patients
PubMed ID: 15385341
Perioperative study showed attenuation of GST‑α (liver injury marker) and less biochemical liver injury.
- Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism: a risk factor for hepatic venoocclusive disease in bone marrow transplantation
PubMed ID: 15142875
GSTM1 genotype strongly influenced veno‑occlusive liver disease risk after BMT — direct GSH‑conjugation relevance to liver outcomes.
- Influence of GST gene polymorphisms on the clearance of intravenous busulfan in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation
PubMed ID: 21215809
GST genotypes strongly affect busulfan clearance (GSH‑conjugation) indicating glutathione pathway importance in hepatic drug metabolism.
- Treatment with metadoxine and its impact on early mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis
PubMed ID: 24756009
Metadoxine (restores GSH/has antioxidant effects) added to steroids markedly improved survival and complications in severe alcoholic hepatitis — strong liver benefit.
- Effects of GSH on Alcohol Metabolism and Hangover Improvement in Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39408229
Oral yeast extract containing glutathione significantly reduced blood acetaldehyde after drinking—direct hepatic detox/metabolic relevance.
- The importance of intraoperative selenium blood levels on organ dysfunction in patients undergoing off-pump cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25118980
Cardiac surgery study linked perioperative selenium drops with GPx reductions and organ dysfunction risk—implicates glutathione‑dependent protection for organs including liver.
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 35986358
Randomized nutraceutical containing reduced GSH significantly reduced liver fat (FibroScan CAP) and raised antioxidant potential in NAFLD.
- The effects of Mediterranean diet on hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34881510
Dietary interventions reduced hepatic steatosis and improved AST/CRP in adolescents with NAFLD.
- Effects of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), Bars on Lipid and Antioxidant Profiles in Individuals with Borderline High Cholesterol: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 34375514
Shiitake intervention reduced triglycerides (~10%) and increased reduced GSH, supportive of metabolic/liver benefit.
- The RIVET RCT: Rifamycin SV MMX improves muscle mass, physical function, and ammonia in cirrhosis and minimal encephalopathy
PubMed ID: 38315140
Cirrhosis RCT: colon‑targeted antibiotic increased brain GSH, lowered ammonia and improved lean mass—direct cirrhosis relevance.
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
CMA reduced ALT (~23%) in AD trial alongside improved antioxidant markers — supports liver benefit signal.
- Studies on persisting effects of soy-based compared with amino acid-supplemented casein-based diet on protein metabolism and oxidative stress in juvenile pigs
PubMed ID: 17451107
Pig feeding study increased liver glutathione and lowered lipid peroxidation—direct hepatic GSH increase in an animal model.
- Chromium picolinate balances the metabolic and clinical markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32804855
Chromium picolinate in NAFLD patients improved antioxidant capacity and reduced body fat—directly relevant to liver health (NAFLD context).
- Curcumin for Inflammation Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 40573083
Curcumin reduced liver fat and improved antioxidant enzymes in MASLD/T2DM patients.
- Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 41096556
Large RCT in obese T2DM showed reduced liver fat and improved antioxidant markers.
- Parenteral glutamine protects hepatic function during bone marrow transplantation
PubMed ID: 9720743
Parenteral glutamine during bone marrow transplant preserved albumin and protein C—markers of hepatic synthetic function and liver protection.
- Combined therapy of silymarin and desferrioxamine in patients with beta-thalassemia major: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 19453758
Silymarin added to chelation raised RBC glutathione and improved some liver tests in thalassemia patients.
- Effect of an anesthesia with propofol compared with desflurane on free radical production and liver function after partial hepatectomy
PubMed ID: 21692846
Propofol anesthesia associated with lower α‑GST and better early liver function after resection vs desflurane.
- Effect of antioxidant therapy on hepatic fibrosis and liver iron concentrations in β-thalassemia major patients
PubMed ID: 23565660
Combined antioxidant therapy raised reduced GSH, lowered MDA and liver iron and tended to improve fibrosis in β‑thalassemia patients—strong human hepatic benefit.
- ω-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 26421385
Omega‑3 preserved glutathione peroxidase and reduced methotrexate liver injury in children with ALL—clinically relevant hepatoprotection.
- Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 28183232
Ganoderma RCT in adults with mild liver dysfunction increased blood GSH, GPx and lowered TBARS—direct human liver‑related antioxidant benefit.
- Effects of two different lipid emulsions on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and parenteral nutrition- related cholestasis in premature babies, a randomized-controlled study
PubMed ID: 30177465
Fish‑oil lipid emulsion in premature infants reduced cholestasis incidence vs olive/soy, indicating hepatic protection.
- Exposure to acetaminophen and all its metabolites upon 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg intravenous acetaminophen in very-preterm infants
PubMed ID: 28553988
Neonatal PK study showed acetaminophen metabolism produces cysteine/mercapturate conjugates via GSH-dependent pathways—directly relevant to hepatic glutathione detox processes.
- A new ginkgo fresh plant extract increases microcirculation and radical scavenging activity in elderly patients
PubMed ID: 22120894
Ginkgo fresh plant extract increased liver reduced glutathione and liver microcirculation in elderly volunteers—direct liver GSH evidence.
- [The use of reduced glutathione in alcoholic hepatopathy]
PubMed ID: 1766577
Randomized study: 30 days of reduced GSH improved liver enzyme markers in alcoholic liver disease vs vitamin K → strong hepatic benefit.
- Oltipraz chemoprevention trial in Qidong, People's Republic of China: modulation of serum aflatoxin albumin adduct biomarkers
PubMed ID: 9488587
Oltipraz (GST inducer) transiently reduced aflatoxin‑albumin adducts—evidence of enhanced hepatic detox pathways.
- Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China
PubMed ID: 10050868
Oltipraz shifted aflatoxin metabolism toward glutathione‑dependent conjugation—strong detox/liver relevance.
- [The prevention of primary liver cancer by selenium in high risk populations]
PubMed ID: 11860943
Large randomized trial: selenium increased GPx activity and significantly lowered new primary liver cancer cases — strong liver-related benefit.
- Effects of silymarin MZ-80 on oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 11841050
In alcoholic cirrhosis silymarin raised erythrocyte total GSH and lowered lipid peroxidation; direct human liver‑disease context showing improved GSH markers.
- Effectiveness of selenium supplements in a low-selenium area of China
PubMed ID: 15817859
Selenomethionine restored plasma GPx in selenium-deficient people — supports hepatic antioxidant capacity relevant to liver health.
- [A clinical study of N-acetylcysteine treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients]
PubMed ID: 18647523
Direct clinical trial: NAC or IV glutathione improved bilirubin and prothrombin activity in chronic hepatitis B patients.
- [Effect of Ursodeoxycholi acid on liver cirrhosis with hepatitis B]
PubMed ID: 20197618
HBV‑related cirrhosis trial where both arms received reduced glutathione; addition of UDCA produced greater reductions in some liver enzymes — GSH used clinically in liver disease (confounded design).
- Optimization of selenoprotein P and other plasma selenium biomarkers for the assessment of the selenium nutritional requirement: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study of selenomethionine supplementation in selenium-deficient Chinese subjects
PubMed ID: 20573787
Selenomethionine repletion optimized SEPP1 and GPx activity—supporting selenium‑dependent hepatic antioxidant function.
- Antioxidant effects of fermented sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) by Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 in individuals with high level of γ-GT: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 22138360
Fermented sea tangle decreased γ‑GT (a liver enzyme) and oxidative markers — direct signal of improved liver-related oxidative burden.
- Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25765835
Silymarin increased antioxidant enzymes and lowered hs‑CRP in T2D—supportive of hepatoprotective action.
- A double-blinded randomized controlled trial of silymarin for the prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury
PubMed ID: 26400476
Silymarin markedly lowered anti‑TB drug–induced liver injury incidence in a clinical trial.
- Three week dietary intervention using apricots, pomegranate juice or/and fermented sour sobya and impact on biomarkers of antioxidative activity, oxidative stress and erythrocytic glutathione transferase activity among adults
PubMed ID: 27175476
Increased erythrocytic GST (glutathione‑dependent detox enzyme) after pomegranate intake implies enhanced detox capacity including hepatic GST activity (indirect).
- 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke
PubMed ID: 27099270
PEITC enhanced glutathione‑conjugation detoxification of volatile toxicants (hepatic metabolism relevance)—strong detox/liver‑relevant mechanism.
- The impact of silymarin on antioxidant and oxidative status in patients with β-thalassemia major: A crossover, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29154063
Silymarin is a known hepatoprotective agent; RCT showed large antioxidant/GSH increases relevant to liver protection.
- Dexmedetomidine exerts a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy: A prospective, randomized, controlled study
PubMed ID: 31669050
Dexmedetomidine reduced α‑GST (a sensitive marker of hepatic ischemic injury) and lowered inflammatory cytokines during hepatectomy.
- Nutrigenetic Interactions Might Modulate the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in Mastiha-Supplemented Patients With NAFLD
PubMed ID: 34025683
Mastiha improved TAS in obese NAFLD subgroup (NAFLD‑specific antioxidant benefit).
- Omega 3-rich Camelina sativa oil in the context of a weight loss program improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34423525
Camelina oil improved antioxidant markers in NAFLD (direct liver benefit).
- A study to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of N- acetylcysteine on anti tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity and quality of life
PubMed ID: 37562904
NAC (a glutathione precursor) given to TB patients significantly reduced ALT/ALP/bilirubin over 4 weeks—direct hepatoprotective signal.
- The Synergic Effect of a Nutraceutical Supplementation Associated to a Mediterranean Hypocaloric Diet in a Population of Overweight/Obese Adults with NAFLD
PubMed ID: 36432436
Nutraceutical containing L‑glutathione produced large, clinically meaningful reductions in ALT and steatosis grade vs diet alone in NAFLD patients—direct liver benefit.
- Guided Metabolic Detoxification Program Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes and Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Participants
PubMed ID: 37432335
Whole‑food 'detox' program increased GST (phase II detox enzyme) and TAC—supports hepatic detox pathways.
- Grape seed extract supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 38419408
Grape seed extract reduced oxidative stress/inflammation and improved QoL in NAFLD — direct liver‑related benefit.
- Protective effects of silymarin on preventing vancomycin nephrotoxicity in infectious patients: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39311921
Silymarin with vancomycin increased GSH and TAC and reduced nephrotoxicity; silymarin is hepatoprotective so GSH increase supports liver health.
Blood circulation (55)
- Treatment with dextromethorphan improves endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress in male heavy smokers
PubMed ID: 18647232
Dextromethorphan for six months improved flow-mediated dilation and increased GPx activity in heavy smokers.
- Effect of N-acetylcysteine in attenuating ischemic reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass
PubMed ID: 19467834
Postoperative ejection fraction improved with NAC added to cardioplegia — direct improvement in cardiac function/circulation.
- Atorvastatin improves erectile dysfunction in patients initially irresponsive to Sildenafil by the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
PubMed ID: 23324897
Atorvastatin and vitamin E raised GPx and increased nitric oxide/eNOS and improved erectile measures—evidence of improved vascular/endothelial function.
- Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure
PubMed ID: 24144057
Glycine lowered systolic blood pressure in men, an objective improvement in circulatory health.
- Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces plasma homocysteine concentrations regardless of lipid or smoking status
PubMed ID: 26447155
NAC lowered homocysteine, raised cysteine and reduced blood pressure—direct vascular/circulatory effects.
- Clinical efficacy of water extract of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. in patients of chronic heart failure: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26988798
Arjuna extract preserved catalase and produced functional improvements in some heart‑failure patients—possible circulation/vascular benefit.
- Effects of simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin/ezetimibe on mitochondrial function and leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in patients with hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 26868507
Statin/ezetimibe therapy lowered LDL and ROS and increased glutathione content—beneficial for vascular health.
- Acupuncture Combined with Hydrotherapy in Diabetes Patients with Mild Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Nonblinded Clinical Study
PubMed ID: 29735963
Acupuncture+thermal hydrotherapy increased leg vascular conductance and ABPI while raising GSH and lowering TNF‑α.
- Glutathione infusion before primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled pilot study
PubMed ID: 31399448
IV GSH increased H2O2‑breakdown activity and NO bioavailability in STEMI patients—physiologically relevant to improved microvascular function/circulation.
- Linagliptin, when compared to placebo, improves CD34+ve endothelial progenitor cells in type 2 diabetes subjects with chronic kidney disease taking metformin and/or insulin: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32493344
Linagliptin RCT upregulated GPX1 and improved arterial stiffness and EPC markers — indirect evidence linking glutathione pathway activation to vascular function.
- Derepression of glomerular filtration, renal blood flow and antioxidant defence in patients with type 2 diabetes at high-risk of cardiorenal disease
PubMed ID: 33039650
Selenium+vitamin E increased renal perfusion and eGFR in those with higher GPx‑3 activity — antioxidant cofactor effects on perfusion/circulation.
- Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response
PubMed ID: 34533039
IV GSH reduced NOX2 activity and adverse LV remodeling after STEMI—cardiac effects implying improved vascular/circulatory outcomes.
- Empagliflozin-Metformin Combination Has Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties that Correlate with Vascular Protection in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
PubMed ID: 35620570
Empagliflozin+metformin increased antioxidant defenses and the changes correlated with improved arterial function—direct vascular/circulation benefit.
- [To evaluate the efficacy of Yishen Tongluo decoction combined with low-dose tadalafil in the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome]
PubMed ID: 38602726
Herbal formula plus low‑dose tadalafil increased endothelial markers and GSH‑Px in ED patients—improved vascular function.
- Modulation of circulating levels of advanced glycation end products and its impact on intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries: CORDIOPREV randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39402581
Mediterranean diet associated with less carotid thickening and improved AGE detox genes—vascular benefit.
- RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
PubMed ID: 38691102
Vitamin B6 group had better renal resistance index and improved organ perfusion markers alongside increased GSH — suggests circulation/vascular benefit.
- Response to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
PubMed ID: 37405379
IV NAC improved PaO2/FiO2 oxygenation in critically ill COVID‑19 patients—improved systemic oxygen delivery.
- Encapsulated oil palm phenolics lower blood pressure and improve antioxidant status in healthy adults: a phase one trial
PubMed ID: 41188255
Oil palm phenolics modestly lowered systolic and diastolic BP in healthy volunteers — indicates small circulatory benefit with transient antioxidant changes.
- Improvement of hemorheological abnormalities in alcoholics by an oral antioxidant
PubMed ID: 11379344
Oral antioxidant in alcoholics improved blood viscosity and red blood cell deformability—directly relates to circulation properties.
- Vascular modifications of the clitoris induced by topic nitric oxide donor gel--preliminary study
PubMed ID: 20946173
Topical S‑nitrosoglutathione acutely and significantly increased clitoral arterial systolic/diastolic speeds and altered resistance index—clear hemodynamic effect.
- Effect of carvedilol and nebivolol on oxidative stress-related parameters and endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension
PubMed ID: 22703478
Carvedilol increased GSH/GSSG ratio and improved endothelial (flow‑mediated) dilatation in hypertensive patients—improves vascular function.
- Alpha-lipoic acid improves subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes
PubMed ID: 24172699
ALA improved early cardiac strain/diastolic indices in type 1 diabetic adolescents—cardiac function/circulation relevance.
- Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 31060549
Amla reduced MDA and produced a clear improvement in endothelial function (reflection index) in metabolic‑syndrome patients.
- Improvement on blood pressure and skin using roselle drink: A clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35758855
Roselle drink lowered blood pressure and raised antioxidant enzymes/GSH—cardiovascular effect supportive of circulation.
- L-arginine and S-nitrosoglutathione reduce embolization in humans
PubMed ID: 11352886
GSNO (S-nitrosoglutathione) nearly abolished embolic Doppler signals after carotid surgery—strong vascular/protection evidence.
- Combined L-citrulline and glutathione supplementation increases the concentration of markers indicative of nitric oxide synthesis
PubMed ID: 26097441
Seven days of citrulline+GSH raised plasma nitrite/NOx and arginine—biochemical support for improved NO-mediated circulation.
- Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women
PubMed ID: 37049398
Citrulline+GSH improved flow-mediated dilation and reduced arterial stiffness/BP reactivity—direct endothelial/vascular benefit.
- Effect of a Combination of Citrus Flavones and Flavanones and Olive Polyphenols for the Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Exploratory Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects
PubMed ID: 32438719
Citrus+olive polyphenol improved endothelial function and significantly lowered ox‑LDL — direct vascular/ circulation benefit.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to evaluate the benefits of Nigella sativa seeds oil in reducing cardiovascular risks in hypertensive patients
PubMed ID: 33957004
Nigella sativa oil adjunct lowered systolic/diastolic BP and improved oxidative markers in hypertensive patients.
- Chronic vitamin E administration improves brachial reactivity and increases intracellular magnesium concentration in type II diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 10634373
Vitamin E RCT improved brachial artery reactivity and improved oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio — vascular relevance.
- The Consumption of Synbiotic Bread Containing Lactobacillus sporogenes and Inulin Affects Nitric Oxide and Malondialdehyde in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 26430929
Synbiotic bread increased nitric oxide and decreased MDA in diabetics — NO rise is a direct vascular/circulatory signal.
- Oxidative stress and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) status following citrulline supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32683790
Citrulline increased NOx and reduced lipid peroxidation in T2DM—direct vasodilatory/circulatory benefit.
- A prospective randomised study of continuous warm versus intermittent cold blood cardioplegia for coronary artery surgery: preliminary report
PubMed ID: 8043290
Continuous warm blood cardioplegia reduced oxidized glutathione and early CK‑MB (cardiac benefit).
- Curcumin Nanomicelle Improves Lipid Profile, Stress Oxidative Factors and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Coronary Elective Angioplasty; A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33397249
Curcumin improved oxidative markers in angioplasty patients—plausible benefit for vascular health/circulation.
- A randomized controlled trial to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement
PubMed ID: 23916928
Preoperative n‑3 + vitamins markedly reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation (cardiac/ circulation outcome) and raised antioxidant enzymes.
- Effects of omega-3 fatty acid plus alpha-tocopherol supplementation on malnutrition-inflammation score, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 27554670
NO increased substantially with omega‑3 ± vitamin E in hemodialysis patients, suggesting vascular/ circulatory benefit.
- Effect of an aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula on endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study
PubMed ID: 32618037
Terminalia chebula extract improved endothelial function and reduced oxidative stress including measures of GSH in T2D patients.
- Folic acid treatment normalizes NOS-dependence of vascular tone in the metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 20864946
Folic acid raised GSH/GSSG ratio and normalized NOS‑dependence of retinal and renal vessels in metabolic syndrome—direct vascular effect.
- Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid supplementation on redox status in chronic renal failure patients with dyslipidemia
PubMed ID: 20303788
Fish‑oil improved triglycerides and increased GPx in chronic renal failure (lipid improvements relevant to circulation).
- Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Serum Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Patients on Regular Hemodialysis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 28110812
Omega‑3 in pediatric hemodialysis raised GPx/SOD and improved total cholesterol (cardiovascular relevance).
- A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31190359
Fish/flaxseed oil raised glutathione and reduced insulin in diabetics with heart disease (metabolic/cardiovascular benefits).
- The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Endothelial Dysfunction
PubMed ID: 39859026
n‑3 PUFA increased GPX and improved endothelial function (RHI) and arterial stiffness (AI) in metabolic‑syndrome patients—clear circulation benefit tied to antioxidant change.
- Effect of enteral feeding with ginger extract in acute respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 22884532
Ginger improved oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) and reduced inflammatory cytokines in ARDS—clinical circulatory/respiratory improvement.
- A new ginkgo fresh plant extract increases microcirculation and radical scavenging activity in elderly patients
PubMed ID: 22120894
Direct increases in skin and liver microcirculation measured after treatment, with concurrent rise in tissue GSH.
- [Usefulness of the prevention of oxygen radical damage in the critical patient using the parenteral administration of reduced glutathione in high doses]
PubMed ID: 1463596
Improved RBC deformability and reduced oxidative markers in critically ill → likely improves microcirculation.
- A trial of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and procysteine in ARDS. The Antioxidant in ARDS Study Group
PubMed ID: 9228372
NAC/OTZ groups showed increased cardiac index (~+14%) versus placebo in ARDS trial—direct hemodynamic improvement.
- [Selenium substitution in acute myocardial infarct]
PubMed ID: 9417492
IV selenium in acute MI raised GSH‑Px and was associated with less left heart failure (fewer cardiac complications).
- L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
PubMed ID: 9502783
Oral cysteine prodrug markedly improved flow‑mediated (endothelium‑dependent) dilation in coronary disease patients.
- Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
PubMed ID: 10385496
Vitamin C improved flow‑mediated dilation in CAD patients—clear vascular benefit (not GSH supplement directly).
- The effect of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine on lipoperoxidative damage in patients with early septic shock
PubMed ID: 10852765
In septic patients GSH (±NAC) improved erythrocyte deformability and oxidative markers, which can support microcirculation.
- Effect of glutathione infusion on leg arterial circulation, cutaneous microcirculation, and pain-free walking distance in patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12173710
IV glutathione in PAD produced large increases in pain-free walking distance and objective macrocirculatory and microcirculatory flow measures.
- Effects of antioxidant supplementation on postprandial oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: a single-blind, 15-day clinical trial in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and healthy controls
PubMed ID: 16368447
Antioxidant regimen (incl. NAC) improved endothelial markers (NO, vWF, VCAM-1), directly supporting vascular function/circulation.
- [Effects of xuezhikang capsules on vascular endothelial function and redox status in patients with coronary heart disease]
PubMed ID: 16696910
Xuezhikang improved endothelial/redox markers and GSH redox—direct circulation relevance.
- Effects of low habitual cocoa intake on blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 17609490
Dark chocolate RCT in older adults lowered systolic/diastolic BP and increased S-nitrosoglutathione — direct vascular/circulatory improvement signal.
- Effect of Pentoxifylline on inflammatory burden, oxidative stress and platelet aggregability in hypertensive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
PubMed ID: 17613279
Pentoxifylline is known to improve blood rheology; study showed reduced inflammation and small GSH rise—supports circulation improvements.
Immune support (42)
- Selenium supplementation of children in a selenium-deficient area in China: blood selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities
PubMed ID: 11049204
Selenium (selenium‑yeast) markedly increased GPx and selenium stores in Se‑deficient children — supports immune enzyme function.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC improved cellular oxidative status which can support immune cell function; trial focused on older adults (indirect).
- The effect of intravenous alanyl-glutamine supplementation on plasma glutathione levels in intensive care unit trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition: the results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19608826
IV alanyl‑Gln increased plasma glutathione in critically ill trauma patients—glutathione and glutamine are immunomodulatory; clinical relevance plausible.
- Restoration of blood total glutathione status and lymphocyte function following alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in patients with HIV infection
PubMed ID: 18315507
ALA raised whole-blood GSH and improved lymphocyte proliferation in HIV patients—direct immune-activity evidence.
- Metabolic impact of low dose IL-2 therapy for primary Sjögren's Syndrome in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39482484
Low‑dose IL‑2 trial increased circulating glutathione and produced immune metabolic shifts—direct immune engagement.
- Response to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
PubMed ID: 37405379
IV NAC reduced inflammatory markers in severe COVID‑19—immune‑modulatory/anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial
PubMed ID: 33613521
NAC raised GSH and antioxidant status in TB patients—improved redox that can support immune responses to infection.
- Antenatal N-acetylcysteine to improve outcomes of premature infants with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation (Triple I): randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32818949
Maternal NAC reduced several serious neonatal complications (esp. lung disease), consistent with improved neonatal resilience/immune outcomes.
- Whey Protein Supplementation Improves Nutritional Status, Glutathione Levels, and Immune Function in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29565716
Whey protein plus zinc/selenium increased GSH and improved IgG and nutritional/immunity markers in chemo-treated patients.
- Brazilian Green Propolis Improves Antioxidant Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed ID: 27187435
Propolis increased blood GSH and lowered TNF-α in T2D patients—modulation of inflammatory/immune signaling.
- Impact of Selenium Supplementation in Neutropenia and Immunoglobulin Production in Childhood Cancer Patients
PubMed ID: 27266340
Selenium reduced neutropenia incidence in childhood cancer and increased some antibody levels—direct immunologic benefit.
- Oxidant/antioxidant status in children and adolescents with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the role of an adjuvant antioxidant therapy
PubMed ID: 25663642
Antioxidant therapy in ITP raised GSH and platelet counts and reduced bleeding—immune/hematologic improvements (product was multi‑component).
- Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione
PubMed ID: 24791752
Oral glutathione RCT raised tissue GSH and doubled NK cytotoxicity (immune marker)—strong direct evidence of immune enhancement.
- Effects of zinc supplementation on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 23140661
Zinc raised GSH and TAC which can support immune defenses; measured increases in antioxidant/immune-related markers.
- N-acetylcysteine reduces disease activity by blocking mammalian target of rapamycin in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22549432
NAC raised lymphocyte GSH, decreased mTOR activity and expanded FoxP3+ Tregs with parallel clinical improvement in SLE—strong immune‑modulating evidence.
- N-acetyl-L-cysteine increases acute graft-versus-host disease and promotes T-cell-mediated immunity in vitro
PubMed ID: 21337541
NAC increased T‑cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro and was linked to higher aGvHD — shows immune stimulation (clinically adverse here).
- High-dose selenium reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia and illness severity in critically ill patients with systemic inflammation
PubMed ID: 21445641
Lower early VAP incidence with Se plus increased GPx suggests improved host defense in critical illness.
- Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21445287
Selenium supplementation increased GPx and SEPS1 expression after influenza vaccine — evidence of enhanced vaccine‑response biology.
- [The prevention of primary liver cancer by selenium in high risk populations]
PubMed ID: 11860943
Selenium increased GPx and reduced liver cancer incidence in a high-risk population; selenoproteins have roles in immune function.
- Management of chronic otitis media with effusion: the role of glutathione
PubMed ID: 11568588
Clinical improvement in otitis media with effusion after nasal GSH may reflect local immune/host-defense effects.
- Selenium substitution has no direct effect on thyroid hormone metabolism in critically ill patients
PubMed ID: 15248821
Selenium supplementation in septic patients normalized plasma Se and GSH-Px (key antioxidant enzymes) during critical infection — supportive of immune-related antioxidant defenses.
- Selenium treatment in autoimmune thyroiditis: 9-month follow-up with variable doses
PubMed ID: 16837619
Selenomethionine reduced thyroid autoantibodies and optimized GPx—immune‑modulating effect in autoimmune disease.
- Regulatory effects of a fermented food concentrate on immune function parameters in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 19121921
Fermented plant concentrate increased intracellular GSH in immune cells and potentiated NK cell responsiveness (direct immune effect).
- Optimization of selenoprotein P and other plasma selenium biomarkers for the assessment of the selenium nutritional requirement: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study of selenomethionine supplementation in selenium-deficient Chinese subjects
PubMed ID: 20573787
Selenomethionine repletion optimized GPx/SEPP1 in selenium‑deficient adults—supports selenium‑dependent immune antioxidant defenses.
- A phase 2 randomized multicenter study of 2 extended dosing schedules of oral ezatiostat in low to intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome
PubMed ID: 21887679
Ezatiostat (GSTP1-1 pathway) produced erythroid and multilineage hematologic responses — direct immune/hematologic benefit in MDS.
- Reduction of nosocomial pneumonia after major burns by trace element supplementation: aggregation of two randomised trials
PubMed ID: 17081282
Trace‑element supplementation in severely burned patients dramatically reduced nosocomial pneumonia and VAP—strong clinical immune/ infection benefit.
- Coenzyme Q10 improves the survival and reduces inflammatory markers in septic patients
PubMed ID: 32115970
Sepsis trial showed reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF‑α) and oxidative injury—modulation of immune/inflammatory response.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
CMA (incl. NAC) improved COVID outcomes and lowered inflammatory cytokines, reflecting enhanced host response/clinical immunity.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Oral GSH reduced gut inflammation and improved growth in CF children—consistent with improved mucosal/clinical immunity.
- Enteral nutrition supplemented with L-glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to pulmonary infection
PubMed ID: 22055478
Enteral glutamine in ICU raised lymphocyte counts markedly and reduced lipid peroxidation—strong immune benefit.
- Coenzyme Q(10), vitamin E, selenium, and methionine in the treatment of chronic recurrent viral mucocutaneous infections
PubMed ID: 22079390
Antioxidant + methionine adjunct reduced viral load, sped healing and cut relapses in viral skin infections—evidence of immune benefit.
- Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
PubMed ID: 33105552
Improved intracellular GSH and reduced neopterin (immune activation marker) indicate immune‑modulating effects.
- Weizmannia coagulans BC99 regulates oxidative stress and serum metabolic pathways to improve allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 41208993
Probiotic RCT improved rhinitis symptoms and modestly increased GSH and antioxidant markers, suggesting immune modulation.
- Effect of enteral feeding with ginger extract in acute respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 22884532
Ginger reduced proinflammatory cytokines (IL‑1/IL‑6/TNF‑α) and improved clinical outcomes in ARDS—immune modulation.
- Plasma glutathione of HIV⁺ patients responded positively and differently to dietary supplementation with cysteine or glutamine
PubMed ID: 22261571
Short NAC or glutamine increased plasma glutathione in HIV+ subjects and controls—GSH supports several immune functions.
- Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment
PubMed ID: 9230243
Large RCT: long‑term NAC markedly reduced symptomatic influenza‑like illness and improved cell‑mediated immunity in elderly.
- [Effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus]
PubMed ID: 9863072
Selenium increased GSH‑Px and was associated with faster RSV recovery in infants—an immune/infectious disease outcome.
- A phase I/II evaluation of oral L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
PubMed ID: 9590463
OTC increased whole-blood GSH in HIV patients at higher doses—potential immune support via improved intracellular GSH.
- Effects of selenium source and level on growth performance, tissue selenium concentrations, antioxidation, and immune functions of heat-stressed broilers
PubMed ID: 23054868
In broilers, selenium (esp. Se‑yeast) increased GSH‑Px and improved immune outcomes (antibody titers, reduced mortality).
- N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection
PubMed ID: 11029607
Oral NAC increased whole‑blood and T‑cell GSH in HIV patients—direct cellular immunity biomarker improvement.
- The effect of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine on lipoperoxidative damage in patients with early septic shock
PubMed ID: 10852765
GSH (±NAC) improved clinical outcomes in septic shock, consistent with improved host response/clinical immunity.
- The effect of selenium supplementation on outcome in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. The New Zealand Neonatal Study Group
PubMed ID: 10753245
Selenium increased GPx in VLBW infants and was associated with fewer late sepsis episodes — clinical immune signal.
Mood balance (21)
- A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 37832082
Ashwagandha RCT lowered cortisol and significantly improved stress/anxiety scores—strong evidence for mood balancing.
- N-acetyl cysteine for depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder--a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 18534556
N‑acetylcysteine adjunct produced substantial improvements in depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder over 24 weeks (large RCT effect).
- N-acetyl cysteine as a glutathione precursor for schizophrenia--a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 18436195
NAC adjunctive therapy produced statistically significant improvements in schizophrenia symptom scales—indicative of psychiatric/mood-related benefit tied to glutathione pathways.
- Impact of yoga intervention on menopausal symptoms-specific quality of life and changes in hormonal level among menopausal women
PubMed ID: 34254406
Sudarshan Kriya Yoga improved psychosocial QoL domains alongside antioxidant enzyme increases—mood‑related benefit.
- The effect of 12-wk ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on in vivo thalamus glutathione concentration in patients "at risk" for major depression
PubMed ID: 26333890
ω‑3 trial modified thalamic GSH dynamics correlated with depressive symptom changes—links glutathione biology to mood regulation.
- Towards stage specific treatments: effects of duration of illness on therapeutic response to adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl cysteine in schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 25315856
Adjunctive NAC improved symptoms/functioning in chronic schizophrenia subgroup—clinical mental‑health benefit consistent with mood/functional balance.
- Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 26706022
Probiotic RCT significantly reduced Beck Depression Inventory scores while increasing glutathione.
- Effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31271585
12‑week aquatic exercise in depressed elderly increased GSH and substantially reduced depression scores—supports mood stabilization linked to antioxidant improvements.
- The effect of acupuncture on depression and its correlation with metabolic alterations: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33120777
Electroacupuncture added to antidepressants improved HAMD and increased urinary glutathione and melatonin‑related metabolites — links glutathione metabolism to mood improvement.
- [Effects of music therapy on pain and oxidative stress in oocyte pick-up: a randomized clinical trial]
PubMed ID: 32829925
Perioperative music increased GPX/CAT and reduced pain, demonstrating a psychobiological intervention that improved mood/stress and antioxidant status.
- Efficacy of Yoga for COVID-19 Stress Prophylaxis
PubMed ID: 37625797
Structured yoga reduced stress and cortisol and altered glutathione measures in students—supports mood/stress balance.
- Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress biomarkers, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
PubMed ID: 37386885
Oral NAC reduced anxiety scores (HADS‑A) in MS—direct mood improvement signal.
- Changes of oxidative stress in 3D film to be prepared for echocardiography: A randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 39213236
VR preparation reduced cortisol and oxidative markers while increasing GSH—clear short‑term stress/mood benefit in children undergoing a procedure.
- The relationship between serum vitamin D, testosterone, and oxidative stress levels in women with sexual dysfunction: A case-controlled study
PubMed ID: 39266147
Vitamin D supplementation associated with higher GSH and improved sexual function symptoms — evidence of mood/quality‑of‑life improvements linked to antioxidative changes.
- Impact of nano-selenium supplementation add-on sertraline on depressive symptoms and oxidative stress in patients with major depressive disorder: a triple-blind randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 41057673
Nano‑selenium adjunct to sertraline produced larger HDRS drops alongside antioxidant increases — clinical mood benefit with antioxidant mechanism.
- Sodium benzoate treatment linked to increased glutathione levels and improved positive and negative symptoms, global function, and quality of life in patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 41401723
Sodium benzoate raised GSH in clozapine‑resistant schizophrenia and GSH increases associated with clinical/functional symptom improvements.
- The efficacy of adjunctive N-acetylcysteine in major depressive disorder: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25004186
Large NAC RCT (GSH precursor) produced functional improvements and symptom benefits in more severely depressed subgroups—evidence for mood benefits in some patients.
- Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28980870
Myo‑inositol improved depression and mental‑health scores in PCOS patients while increasing antioxidant capacity (indirect GSH relevance).
- The efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in improving oxidative, inflammatory, and mood status in women with episodic migraine in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34105866
ALA reduced oxidative stress/CRP and produced clear improvements in depression/anxiety/stress scores in episodic migraine patients—direct mood benefit evidence.
- Metabolite profiles in the anterior cingulate cortex of depressed patients differentiate those taking N-acetyl-cysteine versus placebo
PubMed ID: 23341476
NAC produced a distinct anterior cingulate metabolite profile and has been studied as adjunctive treatment for mood disorders—strong mood‑relevant signal.
- The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment in bipolar depression: an open label trial
PubMed ID: 21719110
Open‑label NAC (GSH precursor) significantly reduced depression scores and improved functioning in bipolar depression (direct mood benefit).
Antioxidant (19)
- Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract improves hepatic abnormalities in male subjects
PubMed ID: 26604653
Sulforaphane precursor (broccoli‑sprout) induces detox/antioxidant responses that can protect against environmental oxidative insults (indirect evidence).
- Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and rutin on the lipid peroxidation of the lung epithelium during the adult respiratory distress syndrome
PubMed ID: 10638663
NAC raised airway GSH and reduced lipid peroxidation in ARDS — demonstrates antioxidant lung protection relevant to pollutant/oxidant exposure.
- Antioxidant supplementation and nasal inflammatory responses among young asthmatics exposed to high levels of ozone
PubMed ID: 15498043
Vitamins C+E prevented ozone‑induced nasal IL‑6 increase in asthmatic children — antioxidant mitigation of pollutant effect.
- Genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and antioxidant supplementation influence lung function in relation to ozone exposure in asthmatic children in Mexico City
PubMed ID: 14694237
Antioxidant vitamins reduced ozone-related small-airway decline in children, especially GSTM1-null — direct protection from air-pollutant effects.
- LC-MS/MS quantification of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in human plasma and urine after dietary intake of selenium-fortified broccoli
PubMed ID: 21732669
Measured SFN‑GSH metabolites after broccoli intake — supports the biochemical route for pollutant detoxification (moderate support).
- Modulation of the metabolism of airborne pollutants by glucoraphanin-rich and sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout beverages in Qidong, China
PubMed ID: 22045030
Direct human evidence: broccoli‑sprout beverages increased urinary glutathione conjugates of airborne pollutants, indicating enhanced clearance of toxicants.
- Ozone exposure, vitamin C intake, and genetic susceptibility of asthmatic children in Mexico City: a cohort study
PubMed ID: 23379631
GSTM1/GSTP1/NQO1 genotypes and low vitamin C were associated with larger ozone‑related lung declines—shows glutathione‑pathway relevance to pollution protection.
- Rapid and sustainable detoxication of airborne pollutants by broccoli sprout beverage: results of a randomized clinical trial in China
PubMed ID: 24913818
Broccoli‑sprout beverage increased urinary mercapturic acids for benzene/acrolein—direct reduction of pollutant burden via GSH conjugation.
- 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke
PubMed ID: 27099270
PEITC significantly increased glutathione‑mediated detox of benzene and other tobacco‑related volatile toxicants—direct protection against pollution exposure.
- Effects of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on Metabolism of 1,3-Butadiene in Smokers
PubMed ID: 31771940
PEITC increased GSH conjugation of butadiene (a pollution component) especially in GST‑null individuals—relevant to pollution detoxification.
- Dose-dependent detoxication of the airborne pollutant benzene in a randomized trial of broccoli sprout beverage in Qidong, China
PubMed ID: 31268126
Sulforaphane beverage increased benzene‑mercapturic acid excretion—demonstrated enhanced GSH‑dependent clearance of airborne pollutant.
- The Effect of Broccoli Sprout Extract on Seasonal Grass Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis
PubMed ID: 33920642
Sulforaphane regimen improved nasal airflow after allergen challenge and is known to upregulate detox/GST pathways protective against airborne pollutants.},{
- Vascular benefits of vitamin C supplementation against fine particulate air pollution in healthy adults: A double-blind randomised crossover trial
PubMed ID: 35689890
High‑dose vitamin C in pollution exposure raised GPx and reduced inflammatory markers and BP—direct protective effects in polluted environment.
- Oral administration of cysteine peptides attenuates UV-B-induced skin erythema and pigmentation in humans
PubMed ID: 39333704
Oral cysteine‑peptide increased UV resistance (environmental stress protection); extrapolates to other oxidative environmental insults though not directly tested.
- Associations between carcinogen-DNA damage, glutathione S-transferase genotypes, and risk of lung cancer in the prospective Physicians' Health Cohort Study
PubMed ID: 12376472
GST genotypes and DNA adducts link glutathione S‑transferase activity to lung cancer risk from airborne carcinogens—relevant to pollution defense.
- Protection of erdosteine on smoke-induced peripheral neutrophil dysfunction both in healthy and in bronchitic smokers
PubMed ID: 1292969
Erdosteine preserved neutrophil chemotaxis after cigarette‑smoke exposure—demonstrates protection against smoke‑induced dysfunction.
- Impacts of subway air particles on healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial in a Chinese city
PubMed ID: 40629394
Subway PM exposure lowered GPX1 and worsened lung function/inflammation—shows pollution reduces glutathione‑linked defenses (contextual evidence).
- Alleviated systemic oxidative stress effects of combined atmospheric oxidant capacity by fish oil supplementation: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 31476451
Fish‑oil supplementation attenuated air‑pollution–related declines in GSH‑Px and improved TAC/MDA (strong protection against pollutant oxidative effects).
- Antioxidant kinetics in lung lavage fluid following exposure of humans to nitrogen dioxide
PubMed ID: 8970358
Controlled NO2 exposure transiently altered lung antioxidants with a short‑term increase in bronchial GSH—directly relevant to pollutant response kinetics.
Focus & concentration (18)
- Effects of long-term Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 39332640
Aerobic exercise in Parkinson's raised blood GSH and improved some cognitive measures—supports focus/cognition.
- Synergistic effects of aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on executive function and biomarkers in healthy young adults
PubMed ID: 37611879
tDCS plus exercise trial improved executive function and increased antioxidant markers (indirectly related to GSH biology).
- N-Acetylcysteine effects on glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A preliminary MRS study
PubMed ID: 35839558
NAC increased medial PFC glutathione (MRS) — directly linked to cortical function and focus.
- Endogenous antioxidants predicted outcome and increased after treatment: A benzoate dose-finding, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for Alzheimer's disease
PubMed ID: 36335573
Sodium benzoate improved cognition in early AD with antioxidant changes (cognitive/focus relevance).
- Combination of Vinpocetine and Dexamethasone Alleviates Cognitive Impairment in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients following Radiation Injury
PubMed ID: 32294652
Cognitive scores (MMSE) improved alongside increased GSH and antioxidant enzymes in brain‑injured patients—reasonably linked to improved focus/cognition.
- N-Acetyl Cysteine Is Associated With Dopaminergic Improvement in Parkinson's Disease
PubMed ID: 31206613
NAC intervention in Parkinson's increased DAT binding and improved motor symptoms—suggests central nervous system functional improvement relevant to focus.
- Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation, and the effects on clinical, metabolic and genetic status in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30642737
Probiotic+selenium improved MMSE and raised total GSH in Alzheimer patients—meaningful cognitive/focus improvement.
- N-acetylcysteine in a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial: Toward Biomarker-Guided Treatment in Early Psychosis
PubMed ID: 29462456
NAC in early psychosis raised brain GSH and improved processing speed (cognitive) in a subgroup—direct cognitive benefit.
- Cognitive effects of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine in psychosis
PubMed ID: 27894373
Adjunctive NAC modestly improved working memory in psychosis—direct cognitive/attention benefit linked to glutathione pathways.
- Towards stage specific treatments: effects of duration of illness on therapeutic response to adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl cysteine in schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 25315856
Adjunctive NAC improved positive symptoms and functioning in chronic schizophrenia subgroup—clinical signal for cognitive/attentional benefit.
- Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
PubMed ID: 25313065
Sulforaphane (modulates GSH pathways) improved behavioral scores in autism spectrum disorder suggesting cognitive/attention gains (indirect evidence).
- Clinical observation and mechanism study on treatment of senile dementia with Naohuandan
PubMed ID: 16150197
Naohuandan improved cognition and MMSE scores in elderly dementia patients — direct evidence for cognitive/attention benefits (herbal, antioxidant-related).
- Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial
PubMed ID: 9261526
Glutathione during cisplatin chemo improved several QoL domains including concentration in the trial.
- Effect of B vitamins-fortified foods on primary school children in Beijing
PubMed ID: 16883966
B‑vitamin fortified foods improved riboflavin status and modestly enhanced study‑ability indices in children.
- Effect of n-3 supplementation on hyperactivity, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
PubMed ID: 24568073
EPA+DHA increased glutathione‑reductase, lowered inflammation and improved ADHD hyperactivity scores — relevant to attention/behavior.
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
Significant improvement in ADAS‑Cog in mild–moderate AD with CMA containing NAC — direct evidence for cognitive benefit (focus).
- Treatment of Alzheimer's disease with a cholinesterase inhibitor combined with antioxidants
PubMed ID: 20224285
Adjunct antioxidant formula in AD raised erythrocyte GSH and produced modest cognitive improvements (MMSE) in some patients.
- Management of cognitive determinants in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type: therapeutic potential of a novel polyherbal drug product
PubMed ID: 25316430
Polyherbal raised blood GSH and produced cognitive score improvements in Alzheimer-type patients (direct cognitive benefit).
Energy & Fatigue (18)
- Non-Targeted Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis Showed Rice Bran Supplementation Effects Multiple Metabolic Pathways during Infant Weaning and Growth in Mali
PubMed ID: 35276967
Rice‑bran during weaning raised infant GSH and improved short‑term weight metrics—consistent with improved nutritional energy status.
- Antioxidant supplementation, redox deficiencies and exercise performance: A falsification design
PubMed ID: 32682929
Targeted replenishment of low GSH with NAC improved VO2max and peak torque — translates into perceived/physiologic energy gains.
- Cashew Apple Juice Improves Physical Fitness and Oxidative Stress Status in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Volunteers
PubMed ID: 29906071
Improved walking distance and leg strength in older adults suggests increased functional energy.
- Long-term treatment with oral N-acetylcysteine: affects lung function but not sputum inflammation in cystic fibrosis subjects. A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25228446
Oral NAC preserved lung function in cystic fibrosis over 24 weeks—improved respiratory capacity can increase energy/exercise tolerance.
- N-acetylcysteine reduces disease activity by blocking mammalian target of rapamycin in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22549432
NAC reduced fatigue in SLE—evidence for improved energy/fatigue.
- Indirect moxibustion (CV4 and CV8) ameliorates chronic fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study
PubMed ID: 22757691
Moxibustion reduced fatigue scores and increased total glutathione—direct signal for increased subjective energy.
- Effect of N-acetyl-cysteine and hyperoxia on erythropoietin production
PubMed ID: 21394639
Single oral NAC before hyperoxia produced a delayed increase in EPO over 8–48 h — plausible mechanism for improved oxygen‑carrying capacity and energy.
- A phase 2 randomized multicenter study of 2 extended dosing schedules of oral ezatiostat in low to intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome
PubMed ID: 21887679
Ezatiostat produced hematologic improvements and reduced transfusion dependence in MDS — clinical improvement that commonly increases energy.
- Effect of glutathione infusion on leg arterial circulation, cutaneous microcirculation, and pain-free walking distance in patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12173710
Improved walking distance in PAD after IV glutathione suggests improved functional energy/ability.
- [A therapeutical approach by administering reduced glutathione to patients with uremic anemia]
PubMed ID: 12600115
IV reduced glutathione added to EPO produced larger increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit—likely to translate into increased energy.
- Effects of Darbepoetin Alfa on plasma mediators of oxidative and nitrosative stress in anemic patients with chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
PubMed ID: 19361602
Darbepoetin improved heart function and exercise capacity—patients reported better functional status/energy.
- Perioperative Administration of Cystine and Theanine Suppresses Inflammation and Facilitates Early Rehabilitation and Recovery after Esophagectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35684118
Cystine+theanine improved QoR‑40 Physical Independence and 6MWT post‑op—indicative of greater functional energy/physical recovery.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
CMA shortened illness and improved metabolic/antioxidant markers in COVID patients — may translate to improved subjective energy.
- Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
PubMed ID: 25633497
Oral GSH improved weight and BMI in CF children—indicative of better nutritional status and energy.
- Product of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longgui Yangxinwan Protects the Human Body from Altitude Sickness Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction
PubMed ID: 38995860
Preserved mitochondrial function and large ATP increases reported with the TCM product—directly relevant to energy.
- Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism
PubMed ID: 22151477
Supplement increased ATP by ~25% alongside GSH increases—direct biochemical evidence for increased cellular energy.
- Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 23613825
Ginseng produced significant reductions in fatigue scores and increased serum GSH—strongest direct signal for increased energy.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC improved mitochondrial markers and physical performance—consistent with increased energy at cellular and functional levels.
Acne (16)
- Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on UVR-related cancer risk in humans. An assessment of early genotoxic markers
PubMed ID: 12771037
High‑dose EPA reduced UV‑induced skin damage markers and increased erythemal threshold (skin‑protective effect).
- Regulation of cutaneous drug-metabolizing enzymes and cytoprotective gene expression by topical drugs in human skin in vivo
PubMed ID: 16882163
Topical agents induced gamma‑GCS and GPx‑1 in skin—directly modulates local GSH synthesis relevant to skin health.
- Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 20524875
Randomized oral glutathione (500 mg/day) for 4 weeks produced small but statistically significant reductions in melanin index/UV spots at some sites — direct evidence for skin lightening/clarity.
- Multi-Plant Concentrated Powder Improved Skin Whitening: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
PubMed ID: 39927597
Multi‑plant powder increased antioxidant/GPx activity and improved measured skin brightness in healthy adults.
- Clinical observation on tranexamic acid combined with reduced glutathione for the treatment of chloasma
PubMed ID: 30630792
Intradermal reduced glutathione plus tranexamic acid improved chloasma severity and area versus topical hydroquinone—direct clinical skin benefit.
- Propolis as an Adjuvant in the Healing of Human Diabetic Foot Wounds Receiving Care in the Diagnostic and Treatment Centre from the Regional Hospital of Talca
PubMed ID: 31612147
Topical propolis increased tissue GSH and accelerated diabetic foot ulcer healing—direct skin‑healing/clarity relevance.
- Combination of topical and oral glutathione as a skin-whitening agent: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33871071
Randomized trial of combined oral and topical glutathione produced significant skin lightening (lower melanin index, higher L*).
- Oral administration of cysteine peptides attenuates UV-B-induced skin erythema and pigmentation in humans
PubMed ID: 39333704
Oral cysteine‑peptide (containing GSH/GSSG and precursors) increased UV resistance and reduced pigmentation — strong direct skin benefit.
- Efficacy and safety of injectable sodium hyaluronate with vitamin C, tranexamic acid, and glutathione for pigmented dark circles
PubMed ID: 41117156
Injectable mix including glutathione improved periorbital pigmentation and patient satisfaction, though multiple actives confound attribution.
- A new product of multi-plant extracts improved skin photoaging: An oral intake in vivo study
PubMed ID: 34791771
Human RCT of multi-plant extract improved clinical skin-aging measures; animal data showed increased GSH-Px.
- Combination glutathione and anthocyanins as an alternative for skin care during external-beam radiation
PubMed ID: 15862509
Topical/oral reduced glutathione + anthocyanins reduced radiation dermatitis severity in a randomized trial.
- Coenzyme Q(10), vitamin E, selenium, and methionine in the treatment of chronic recurrent viral mucocutaneous infections
PubMed ID: 22079390
Nutraceutical cocktail sped healing and reduced relapses in viral skin lesions while boosting antioxidant capacity—direct skin benefit.
- Effects of a combination of botanical actives on skin health and antioxidant status in post-menopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34260808
12‑week botanical supplement increased blood GSH, lowered MDA and improved measured skin elasticity/appearance in RCT.
- Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Collagen Laminin-Based Dermal Matrix Combined With Resveratrol Microparticles (Dermalix) and Standard Wound Care for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
PubMed ID: 32131656
Dermal resveratrol markedly improved diabetic wound closure and reduced local oxidative stress/inflammation—direct skin benefit.
- Improvement of sulphur mustard-induced chronic pruritus, quality of life and antioxidant status by curcumin: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22099425
Curcumin reduced pruritus and improved dermatology QoL in veterans exposed to sulfur mustard, demonstrating a clinically meaningful skin benefit.
- The effects of the oral supplementation of L-Cystine associated with reduced L-Glutathione-GSH on human skin pigmentation: a randomized, double-blinded, benchmark- and placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33834608
Large randomized double‑blind trial: daily L‑Cystine + reduced glutathione lightened skin and reduced dark spots over 12 weeks vs placebo and ingredients alone.
Endurance (18)
- Effect of glutathione infusion on leg arterial circulation, cutaneous microcirculation, and pain-free walking distance in patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12173710
IV glutathione increased pain-free walking distance substantially in PAD, a direct endurance improvement.
- [A therapeutical approach by administering reduced glutathione to patients with uremic anemia]
PubMed ID: 12600115
Improved hemoglobin/hematocrit with IV glutathione + EPO can enhance endurance through better oxygen delivery.
- Acute and prolonged effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF424-derived SOD on antioxidant defense in healthy individuals challenged with intense aerobic exercise
PubMed ID: 39277120
BA‑SOD supplement reduced exercise‑induced ROS and upregulated GSH defenses, supporting exercise tolerance.
- L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women
PubMed ID: 33809996
Increased knee extensor/flexor power in elderly women suggests improved functional endurance capacity.
- Effects of exercise and B vitamins on homocysteine and glutathione in Parkinson's disease: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22261439
Exercise intervention produced increased glutathione and measurable improvements in aerobic capacity/endurance metrics in Parkinson's.
- Effects of Darbepoetin Alfa on plasma mediators of oxidative and nitrosative stress in anemic patients with chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
PubMed ID: 19361602
Darbepoetin increased glutathione and improved heart function and exercise capacity in anemic CHF patients.
- Perioperative Administration of Cystine and Theanine Suppresses Inflammation and Facilitates Early Rehabilitation and Recovery after Esophagectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35684118
Cystine+theanine improved 6MWT at POD7 after major surgery—evidence of improved short‑term functional endurance.
- Effects of Acute and Repeated Ischemic Preconditioning on Recovery from Muscle Fatigue after High-Intensity Swim Training in Male Amateur Swimmers
PubMed ID: 40933317
Repeated IPC improved antioxidant markers (including GSH) and enhanced recovery of work/power after high‑intensity training — supports improved endurance performance.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC improved gait speed, 6‑minute walk and muscle function—supports increased stamina/endurance capacity.
- Moringa oleifera leaf extracts improve exercise performance in young male adults: A pilot study
PubMed ID: 38852476
Moringa supplementation improved exercise performance and antioxidant activity in young men.
- Effects of long-term Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 39332640
Aerobic exercise increased GSH and catalase in Parkinson's—physiologic changes supportive of endurance.
- Adjunctive N-Acetylcysteine and Lung Function in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
PubMed ID: 39189858
NAC improved lung‑function recovery in TB—may translate to better pulmonary endurance.
- Sequential inspiratory muscle exercise-noninvasive positive pressure ventilation alleviates oxidative stress in COPD by mediating SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
PubMed ID: 37828534
Inspiratory muscle training increased GSH and lowered ROS in COPD patients—supports exercise capacity/stamina.
- Changes in antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors of overweight young men after six weeks supplementation of whey protein isolate and resistance training
PubMed ID: 22889987
Resistance training with whey raised GSH and TAC and improved lipid markers — supports exercise capacity and recovery, indirectly enhancing stamina.
- Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 34936984
12 weeks of karate increased glutathione and antioxidant enzymes in adolescents—improvements that can support physical stamina/endurance.
- Antioxidant supplementation, redox deficiencies and exercise performance: A falsification design
PubMed ID: 32682929
Targeted NAC in individuals with low GSH improved VO2max and peak torque — direct evidence that correcting glutathione deficit enhances exercise capacity.
- Cashew Apple Juice Improves Physical Fitness and Oxidative Stress Status in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Volunteers
PubMed ID: 29906071
Cashew apple juice RCT improved 6-minute walk and chair-stand in older adults—functional stamina/fitness signal.
- Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40859523
Vitamins with resistance training improved muscle mass/strength and raised GSH — plausible stamina benefit in older adults.
Muscle maintenance (14)
- Resistance training improves functional capacities in women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized control trial
PubMed ID: 39578772
Resistance training in MS produced improvements in strength and function over 12 weeks.
- A high-protein diet with and without strength training shows no negative effects on oxidative stress markers in older adults
PubMed ID: 40541063
Protein doubling with/without strength training was well tolerated and tracked muscle-related oxidative markers — relevant to muscle outcomes.
- Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40859523
Vitamins C+E plus resistance training increased blood GSH and improved muscle mass/strength in sarcopenic older women — strong direct evidence.
- Effects of long-term Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson's disease
PubMed ID: 39332640
Exercise interventions improved antioxidant status and functional outcomes—supports muscle function.
- A Short-Term Resistance Training Circuit Improved Antioxidants in Sedentary Adults with Down Syndrome
PubMed ID: 33532037
12‑week supervised resistance training increased antioxidant defenses while building muscle in Down syndrome adults.},{
- Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32807165
Fortified whey beverage (with accompanying antioxidant increases including GSH) increased fat‑free mass and handgrip strength in COPD patients—direct evidence of stronger muscles.
- Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Status Fingerprint in Sarcopenic Elderly Patients: Role of Diet and Exercise
PubMed ID: 31653011
Diet/exercise plus amino‑acid/protein/vitamin D increased GR and improved fatty‑acid profile in sarcopenic elderly—supports muscle health/strength.
- Cashew Apple Juice Improves Physical Fitness and Oxidative Stress Status in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Volunteers
PubMed ID: 29906071
Chair-stand and leg strength improved in older adults—direct functional muscle strength gains in RCT.
- Changes in antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors of overweight young men after six weeks supplementation of whey protein isolate and resistance training
PubMed ID: 22889987
Resistance training with whey increased antioxidant markers and improved some metabolic parameters — supports muscle recovery/strength gains.
- L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women
PubMed ID: 33809996
Oral glutamine for 30 days increased knee muscle peak torque and average power in elderly women (clear muscle strength benefit).
- Effects of exercise and B vitamins on homocysteine and glutathione in Parkinson's disease: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 22261439
Exercise increased strength and endogenous glutathione in Parkinson's patients, linking antioxidant status to muscle function.
- Eight weeks of resistance training in conjunction with glutathione and L-Citrulline supplementation increases lean mass and has no adverse effects on blood clinical safety markers in resistance-trained males
PubMed ID: 29945625
Direct human trial: GSH (Setria®) + L-citrulline increased lean mass at 4 weeks in resistance-trained men—direct muscle mass effect.
- The RIVET RCT: Rifamycin SV MMX improves muscle mass, physical function, and ammonia in cirrhosis and minimal encephalopathy
PubMed ID: 38315140
Rifaximin in cirrhosis improved lean mass and handgrip strength alongside increased brain GSH signal.
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 35975308
GlyNAC increased muscle strength measures and gait speed—direct evidence of muscle function improvement.
Skin appearance (9)
- Regulation of cutaneous drug-metabolizing enzymes and cytoprotective gene expression by topical drugs in human skin in vivo
PubMed ID: 16882163
Topical treatments induced skin gamma‑GCS and GPx‑1—affects local antioxidant capacity relevant to complexion.
- Multi-Plant Concentrated Powder Improved Skin Whitening: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
PubMed ID: 39927597
Multi‑plant powder increased antioxidant enzyme activity and improved objective skin brightness measures in healthy adults.
- Efficacy and safety of injectable sodium hyaluronate with vitamin C, tranexamic acid, and glutathione for pigmented dark circles
PubMed ID: 41117156
Injectable formula including glutathione improved periorbital pigmentation and high patient satisfaction.
- Oral administration of cysteine peptides attenuates UV-B-induced skin erythema and pigmentation in humans
PubMed ID: 39333704
Cysteine‑peptide containing GSH increased skin lightness (ΔL*) and raised MED — strong evidence for brighter complexion.
- Clinical observation on tranexamic acid combined with reduced glutathione for the treatment of chloasma
PubMed ID: 30630792
Intradermal reduced glutathione plus tranexamic acid led to superior improvement in chloasma severity/area vs hydroquinone—direct evidence for complexion brightening.
- Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 20524875
Oral glutathione 500 mg/day produced small but significant reductions in melanin index and UV spots at some sites over 4 weeks — direct evidence for brighter complexion.
- The effects of the oral supplementation of L-Cystine associated with reduced L-Glutathione-GSH on human skin pigmentation: a randomized, double-blinded, benchmark- and placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33834608
Large randomized double‑blind trial: L‑Cystine + reduced glutathione lightened skin and reduced dark spots vs placebo and individual ingredients.
- Effects of a combination of botanical actives on skin health and antioxidant status in post-menopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34260808
Botanical supplement increased blood GSH, lowered MDA and measurably improved skin elasticity/appearance in RCT.
- A new product of multi-plant extracts improved skin photoaging: An oral intake in vivo study
PubMed ID: 34791771
Human trial reported improvements in skin whitening/appearance; animal data showed antioxidant increases.
Eye health (6)
- [Clinical application of irradiated drug-containing porcine-cornea to patients with ocular burns]
PubMed ID: 11876893
Porcine corneal grafts containing reduced glutathione improved corneal salvage/cure rates in ocular burn patients versus routine care (clinical eye benefit).
- Protective function of alpha-tocopherol against the process of cataractogenesis in humans
PubMed ID: 10749028
Vitamin E increased lens GSH and antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation in cataracts—direct ocular antioxidant benefit.
- Comparison of preservative-free bupivacaine vs. lidocaine for intracameral anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial and in vitro analysis
PubMed ID: 10218691
Glutathione‑containing bicarbonate Ringer prevented corneal endothelial damage from intracameral bupivacaine in vitro/clinical context.
- Folic acid treatment normalizes NOS-dependence of vascular tone in the metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 20864946
Folic acid normalized excess NOS‑dependence of retinal vascular tone and increased GSH/GSSG ratio—direct retinal/ocular vascular benefit.
- The antioxidant effect of ubiquinone and combined therapy on mitochondrial function in blood cells in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 26207797
Ubiquinone improved erythrocyte and platelet membrane fluidity and reduced ATP hydrolysis in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy—direct ocular mitochondrial/biophysical benefit.
- The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 26321469
Randomized trial in diabetic retinopathy showed reduced lipid peroxidation, NO metabolites and increased TAC—direct ocular antioxidant benefit.
Sleep quality (4)
- Curcumin administration and the effects on psychological status and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
PubMed ID: 33183576
Curcumin in patients with diabetes and coronary disease produced a statistically significant improvement in PSQI sleep scores along with raised GSH/TAC.
- A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 37832082
Ashwagandha trial showed reduced stress/anxiety and lower morning cortisol—supports improved sleep in stressed adults.
- Melatonin supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic status in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32417629
Melatonin RCT (10 mg nightly) produced large sleep‑related effects and also raised total glutathione — direct evidence for sleep benefit (though melatonin is primary agent).
- Melatonin administration lowers biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 29275919
Melatonin study (direct sleep regulator) also raised GSH and improved metabolic/oxidative markers—strong sleep relevance.
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Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.