L-Serine
17 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
944 products in our catalogue print how much L-Serine a serving holds.
Most common: 1 g to 2.5 g, 47% of 944 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 25 mg or less | 28 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 29 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 36 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 74 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 91 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 185 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 440 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 58 |
| over 5 g | 3 |
Dose per serving from research
8 study groups in 7 studies say how much L-Serine participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 250 mg to 500 mg, 38% of 8 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 mg or less | 1 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 1 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 3 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 1 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 0 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 0 |
| 5 g to 10 g | 0 |
| 10 g to 25 g | 2 |
Benefit Evidence
Serine â amino acids
Serine â digestibility
Serine â/â disease
Research sources
Protein source (26)
- AST-001 versus placebo for social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39425256
ASTâ001 is oral Lâserine supplementation; by definition it alters amino acid intake and likely affects serine levels and amino acid balance â the RCT demonstrates clinical effects of Lâserine administration, supporting a high match for 'amino acid balance' although direct plasma aminoâacid measurements were not reported in the abstract.
- Effects of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism on dyslipidemia following weight-loss diets in women: Results from a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34656033
Lowâcarb diet increased microbial serine biosynthesis (metagenomic evidence)âdirectly pertains to serine production and aminoâacid balance.
- Demographic and nutritional factors associated with prolonged cholestatic jaundice in the premature infant
PubMed ID: 18059467
Observational neonatal data showing lower blood serine associated with later parenteral nutritionâassociated cholestasis â links serine status to clinical outcomes and supports relevance of serine balance.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
CMA increased plasma serine levels (measured), demonstrating that oral provision in a mixture changes circulating serine â direct evidence of altering aminoâacid balance (but multiâcomponent).
- Association of plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids with hypertension: A nationwide metabolomics study
PubMed ID: 36649284
Crossâsectional metabolomics: lower serine (and glycine) in stageâ2 hypertension indicates perturbation of aminoâacid balance in disease.
- (1)H NMR based pharmacometabolomics analysis of metabolic phenotype on predicting metabolism characteristics of losartan in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 30041085
Pharmacometabolomics: baseline serine/glycineâpathway metabolites correlated with interindividual drugâmetabolism differences, indicating serine's role in systemic aminoâacid metabolic phenotype.
- Plasma glutathione of HIVâș patients responded positively and differently to dietary supplementation with cysteine or glutamine
PubMed ID: 22261571
Small human trial in treated HIV+ patients measured aminoâacid profiles and reported changes in amino acids (including serine) alongside glutathione alterations after NAC or glutamineâdirect measurement of serine in an intervention context.
- Acute and prolonged effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF424-derived SOD on antioxidant defense in healthy individuals challenged with intense aerobic exercise
PubMed ID: 39277120
Metabolomics after exercise documented transient decreases in serine and related amino acids, indicating dynamic aminoâacid balance involving serine under physiological stress.
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 1 Polymorphisms Modify the Associations of Plasma Glycine and Serine With Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris in WENBIT (Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial)
PubMed ID: 27872106
Large cohort showing plasma serine/glycine associations with AMI risk and genotype interactionsâdirect human evidence about endogenous serine biology.
- The role of acupuncture in women with advanced reproductive age undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: A randomized controlled trial and follicular fluid metabolomics study
PubMed ID: 37682195
Acupuncture trial with follicularâfluid metabolomics showed glycine changesârelevant to serine/glycine metabolic interplay in human compartments.
- Interleukin 6 blockage alters the plasma metabolome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
PubMed ID: 39510308
Tocilizumab caused >1.5âfold rises in serine/glycine/threonine within 48 hâstrong evidence that inflammation acutely regulates circulating serine.
- Periodic fasting induced reconstitution of metabolic flexibility improves albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 41005725
Fastingâmimicking diet increased serine/glycine pathway metabolites in responders; direct metabolomic evidence of modifiable serine balance.
- Changes in Plasma Metabolite Concentrations after a Low-Glycemic Index Diet Intervention
PubMed ID: 29603657
Direct: study measured and demonstrated increased circulating serine after a lowâGI diet, directly relevant to circulating amino acid balance.
- Metabolic changes induced by dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated by oral anti-diabetic agents: A randomized, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35181350
Direct measurement: dapagliflozin trial documented a significant drop in plasma serineâdirectly relevant to systemic Lâserine levels/aminoâacid balance (though not supplementation).
- [Impact of intravenous nutrition on plasma free amino acid spectrum and immune function for patients with sepsis]
PubMed ID: 17571315
In septic patients, IV aminoâacid nutrition (containing serine) raised plasma amino acids including serine relative to nonâAA nutrition, showing impact on systemic AA balance.
- Metabolic profiles characterizing different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: plasma metabolomics analysis
PubMed ID: 23198915
Large human metabolomics study in PCOS showing robust plasma serine alterations (direct AA balance data).
- Fenofibrate lowers atypical sphingolipids in plasma of dyslipidemic patients: A novel approach for treating diabetic neuropathy?
PubMed ID: 26228675
Fenofibrate affected substrate outcomes relevant to serine vs alanine choice in sphingolipid synthesis (mechanistic AA balance relevance).
- Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations in Overweight or Obese Adult Population after Weight-Loss Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39456659
Probiotic altered glycine/serine/threonine metabolic pathway in humans (metabolomics evidence).
- Prognostic value of perioperative changes in serum primary metabolites in patients after major surgery under general anesthesia: an exploratory secondary analysis of the TAPIR trial
PubMed ID: 40586833
Many amino acids including serine fell after major surgery â human data on AA depletion patterns.
- Amino acid composition of plant protein-enriched wheat biscuits differentially affects postprandial amino acid responses of overweight/obese compared to normalweight subjects
PubMed ID: 40690028
Postâmeal rises in serine markedly different between normalâweight and overweight subjects (direct postprandial AA balance data).
- Association of dietary amino acids with low mood
PubMed ID: 12964176
Large dietary cohort reporting intake of serine and clinical outcomes â provides populationâlevel data on dietary serine (relevant to aminoâacid balance/nutrition).
- Reduction in Pain and Inflammation Associated With Chronic Low Back Pain With the Use of the Medical Food Theramine
PubMed ID: 25237981
Multiâaminoâacid product produced a marked rise in plasma serine â direct evidence of changing systemic serine levels (confounded).
- Combined Effect of Arginine, Valine, and Serine on Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 30999554
Plasma serine was significantly higher in the AAâsupplement group before exercise â direct evidence of serine influencing systemic AA balance when supplemented.
- A clinical trial of two parenteral nutrition solutions in neonates
PubMed ID: 2117424
Neonatal IV aminoâacid solution caused higher blood serine and other AAs â direct demonstration that parenteral formulations change serine levels.
- D-serine efficacy as add-on pharmacotherapy to risperidone and olanzapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 15780844
Study showed adjunct Dâserine raised serum serine levels â directly relevant to systemic serine status and aminoâacid balance (Dâserine relates to Lâserine metabolism).
- Fecal microbiota transplantation for hypertension: an exploratory, multicenter, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40410854
FMT increased plasma amino acids including serine â direct evidence that systemic Lâserine levels can change with interventions.
Metabolism (13)
- Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations in Overweight or Obese Adult Population after Weight-Loss Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39456659
Probiotic produced clinically meaningful weight and glucose improvements and altered serine/glycine pathway (direct metabolic benefit).
- Effects of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism on dyslipidemia following weight-loss diets in women: Results from a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 34656033
Lowâcarb diet increased microbial serine biosynthesis and improved dyslipidemiaâstrong human evidence linking serine biosynthesis pathways to metabolic markers.
- Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition initiates metabolic crosstalk to stimulate branched chain amino acid catabolism
PubMed ID: 36801448
Clinical and mechanistic data show MPC inhibition lowers BCAAs and improves glucose/insulinâclear metabolic benefit that intersects aminoâacid networks including serine.
- A multi-metabolite signature robustly predicts long-term mortality in the PREDIMED trial and several US cohorts
PubMed ID: 40107652
Metabolomics signature including serine predicted longâterm mortality; higher serine associated with better outcomes, supporting metabolicâwellness relevance (associative).
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
CMA produced favorable changes in clinical recovery and multiple lab/inflammatory markers and raised plasma serine â indicates metabolic effects at the cohort level, though multiâingredient.
- Association of plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids with hypertension: A nationwide metabolomics study
PubMed ID: 36649284
Lower serine (and glycine) in stageâ2 hypertension indicates serine relates to adverse metabolic phenotypes; restoring serine could plausibly aid metabolic wellness.
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 1 Polymorphisms Modify the Associations of Plasma Glycine and Serine With Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris in WENBIT (Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial)
PubMed ID: 27872106
Cohort study linking plasma serine/glycine to AMI risk demonstrates important epidemiologic associations between serine metabolism and metabolic/cardiovascular health.
- ARDS metabolic fingerprints: characterization, benchmarking, and potential mechanistic interpretation
PubMed ID: 33949201
ARDS metabolomic fingerprint implicates serineâglycine metabolism in severe metabolic dysregulation with recoveryâlinked normalization.
- Interleukin 6 blockage alters the plasma metabolome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
PubMed ID: 39510308
ILâ6 blockade induced marked increases in serine/glycine/threonine, indicating acute ties between inflammation and systemic metabolic state.
- Periodic fasting induced reconstitution of metabolic flexibility improves albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 41005725
Fastingâmimicking diet RCT showed increased serine/glycine in responders and clinically meaningful albuminuria and lipid improvementsâstrongest metabolicâwellness evidence.
- Changes in Plasma Metabolite Concentrations after a Low-Glycemic Index Diet Intervention
PubMed ID: 29603657
Relevant: lowâGI diet raised plasma serine and altered BCAAs/lipids in overweight adults, indicating a link between serine levels and metabolic markers.
- Metabolic changes induced by dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated by oral anti-diabetic agents: A randomized, clinical trial
PubMed ID: 35181350
Trial showed weight/liver fat reductions and concurrent decrease in plasma serineâdirect metabolic signal linking serine levels to metabolic health (not supplementation).
- Metabolic profiles characterizing different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: plasma metabolomics analysis
PubMed ID: 23198915
PCOS metabolomics showed phenotypeâspecific serine and lipid disturbances â relevant to metabolic health profiling.
Brain health (12)
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
Phaseâ2 randomized trial in mildâmoderate AD: metabolic activator cocktail containing Lâserine improved cognition and preserved hippocampal volume versus placebo (strongest human brainârelevant evidence in dataset, but multiâagent).
- Altered neural oscillations are associated with improved working memory performance in schizophrenia following D-cycloserine administration
PubMed ID: 40513304
EEG oscillation changes with Dâcycloserine associated with working memory improvements â physiological evidence of brain engagement.
- Augmenting NMDA receptor signaling boosts experience-dependent neuroplasticity in the adult human brain
PubMed ID: 26621715
DCS enhanced cortical potentiation and learningâsupports brain plasticity modulation.
- D-serine for the treatment of negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk of schizophrenia: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group mechanistic proof-of-concept trial
PubMed ID: 26360284
Dâserine reduced negative symptoms in clinical highârisk youthâclinically relevant brain symptom improvement.
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Dâserine produced acute mood and cognitive benefits and is the NMDA coâagonist metabolically tied to Lâserineâstrong mechanistic support.
- D-serine efficacy as add-on pharmacotherapy to risperidone and olanzapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 15780844
Dâserine improved psychiatric symptomatology as adjunct to antipsychotics â suggests NMDAâsite modulation can affect brain function (indirect to Lâserine).
- Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial
PubMed ID: 35684157
MultiâAA supplement including Lâserine produced cognitive and motivational improvements in humans (brain support signal).
- The efficacy of sodium benzoate as an adjunctive treatment in early psychosis - CADENCE-BZ: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28388932
Planned DAAO inhibitor trial aims to increase Dâserine for psychosis â direct brainâtargeted serine biology intervention.
- Fenofibrate lowers atypical sphingolipids in plasma of dyslipidemic patients: A novel approach for treating diabetic neuropathy?
PubMed ID: 26228675
Lowering neurotoxic 1âdeoxyâsphingolipids (via fenofibrate) is mechanistically relevant to protecting neurons; these lipids are tied to serine availability.
- The D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor luvadaxistat improves mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia in a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 36928351
DAAO inhibition increased Dâserine biomarkers and improved MMN â mechanistic brain support via raising Dâserine.
- Dose-Dependent Augmentation of Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Learning in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Target Engagement Clinical Trial of the NMDA Glutamate Receptor Agonist d-serine
PubMed ID: 36958998
Dâserine (direct NMDA coâagonist downstream of Lâserine) produced robust auditory plasticity and EEG target engagement â supports NMDAâmediated brain support.
- AST-001 versus placebo for social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39425256
Randomized doubleâblind pediatric RCT of ASTâ001 (Lâserine) showed statistically significant improvements in adaptive/social communication (KâVABSâII), Communication and Motor domains, and a small CGIâS improvement â strong direct clinical evidence of a CNS/brain benefit in children with ASD.
Energy & Fatigue (6)
- Periodic fasting induced reconstitution of metabolic flexibility improves albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 41005725
Fastingâmimicking diet produced significant shifts in serine/glycine/threonine and large changes in triglycerides/phosphatidylcholinesâstrong energyâmetabolism signal.
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 1 Polymorphisms Modify the Associations of Plasma Glycine and Serine With Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris in WENBIT (Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial)
PubMed ID: 27872106
Plasma serine/glycine levels associated with AMI risk (genotypeâdependent) â links to systemic metabolic health.
- Association of plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids with hypertension: A nationwide metabolomics study
PubMed ID: 36649284
Large metabolomics analysis linked lower serine and altered acylcarnitines to stageâ2 hypertension, implicating serine in broader energy/lipid metabolic pathways.
- Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition initiates metabolic crosstalk to stimulate branched chain amino acid catabolism
PubMed ID: 36801448
MPC inhibition lowered BCAAs and improved glycemia/insulinâdirect clinical evidence of altered energy and aminoâacid metabolism.
- Combined Effect of Arginine, Valine, and Serine on Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 30999554
AA mixture attenuated exerciseârelated ketone changes and reduced perceived fatigue, indicating an effect on substrate use/energy metabolism.
- Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations in Overweight or Obese Adult Population after Weight-Loss Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39456659
Probiotic reduced weight and fasting glucose and altered serineârelated pathways (metabolic energy outcomes).
Mental clarity (11)
- AST-001 versus placebo for social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39425256
ASTâ001 (Lâserine) RCT showed statistically significant improvements in adaptive/social communication (KâVABSâII) and clinician severity (CGIâS) in children with ASD â evidence of improved behavioral/cognitive functioning (clarity) in this pediatric clinical population.
- A role beyond learning for NMDA receptors in reward-based decision-making-a pharmacological study using d-cycloserine
PubMed ID: 24924800
DCS improved valueâintegration in decision makingâcognitive processing enhancement relevant to clarity.
- Augmenting NMDA receptor signaling boosts experience-dependent neuroplasticity in the adult human brain
PubMed ID: 26621715
DCS enhanced EEG potentiation and sped probabilistic learningâmechanistic support for cognitive enhancement.
- Dose-Dependent Augmentation of Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Learning in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Target Engagement Clinical Trial of the NMDA Glutamate Receptor Agonist d-serine
PubMed ID: 36958998
Dâserine produced measurable auditory plasticity and EEG target engagement â strong mechanistic evidence supporting cognitive enhancement potential.
- The D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor luvadaxistat improves mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia in a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 36928351
DAAO inhibitor raised Dâserine biomarkers and improved MMN (an NMDAâsensitive EEG index) â mechanistic support for cognitive effects.
- Procognitive Effects of Adjunctive D-Cycloserine to Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder: Effets procognitifs de la D-cyclosĂ©rine en traitement complĂ©mentaire par la stimulation thĂȘta-burst intermittente dans le trouble dĂ©pressif caractĂ©risĂ©
PubMed ID: 39470367
Pairing iTBS with Dâcycloserine improved working memory in MDD patients â taskâlevel cognitive gain relevant to clarity.
- Altered neural oscillations are associated with improved working memory performance in schizophrenia following D-cycloserine administration
PubMed ID: 40513304
Dâcycloserine altered oscillations tied to working memory and improved nâback performance in schizophrenia â supports cognitive processing effects.
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
Randomized phaseâ2 AD trial: a metabolic activator cocktail containing Lâserine improved cognitive scores and preserved hippocampal subfields vs placebo; effect is multiâingredient so attribution to serine alone is uncertain.
- Association between increased serum d-serine and cognitive gains induced by intensive cognitive training in schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 29699895
In schizophrenia, increases in serum Dâserine during auditory training correlated with global cognition and verbal memory gains (serine biomarker linked to cognitive improvement).
- Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial
PubMed ID: 35684157
Randomized 4âweek 5âAA supplement including Lâserine improved motivation, spatial cognition and attention in office workers (direct cognitive benefit).
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Singleâdose Dâserine improved attention and some memory measures in healthy adultsâdirect cognitive benefit (metabolically linked to Lâserine).
Memory (11)
- The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-cycloserine facilitates declarative learning and hippocampal activity in humans
PubMed ID: 20303474
Dâcycloserine (250 mg) improved declarative learning and hippocampal activation â strong acute memory enhancement signal (indirect for Lâserine).
- Dose-Dependent Augmentation of Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Learning in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Target Engagement Clinical Trial of the NMDA Glutamate Receptor Agonist d-serine
PubMed ID: 36958998
Dâserine improved auditory learning/plasticity and EEG markers â robust evidence for facilitating learningârelated memory processes.
- Effect of the NMDA receptor partial agonist, d-cycloserine, on emotional processing and autobiographical memory
PubMed ID: 32375905
Single 250 mg Dâcycloserine increased positive emotional memory and autobiographical specificity at 24 h â direct memory enhancement signal (emotional/memory specificity).
- The effect of D-serine administration on cognition and mood in older adults
PubMed ID: 26933803
Single Dâserine dose improved spatial learning/problem solving in older adults with plasma correlationâmemory/executive gain.
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Dâserine improved verbal memory retention (RAVLT) in healthy adultsâdirect memory benefit (Dâserine related to Lâserine metabolism).
- An N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist facilitates sleep-independent synaptic plasticity associated with working memory capacity enhancement
PubMed ID: 22355644
DCS modestly enhanced delayed workingâmemory gains â supports memory enhancement in specific contexts.
- Association between increased serum d-serine and cognitive gains induced by intensive cognitive training in schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 29699895
Increases in serum Dâserine correlated strongly with improvements in verbal learning/memory during training (direct serineâmemory association).
- Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
PubMed ID: 36703196
CMA trial in AD produced measurable cognitive improvement (ADASâCog) vs placebo; Lâserine was a component of the active formulation but the effect is not exclusively attributable to serine.
- Procognitive Effects of Adjunctive D-Cycloserine to Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder: Effets procognitifs de la D-cyclosĂ©rine en traitement complĂ©mentaire par la stimulation thĂȘta-burst intermittente dans le trouble dĂ©pressif caractĂ©risĂ©
PubMed ID: 39470367
iTBS+Dâcycloserine improved working memory (1âBack) in MDD â taskâspecific memory benefit.
- D-cycloserine facilitates procedural learning but not declarative learning in healthy humans: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of D-cycloserine and valproic acid on overnight properties in the performance of non-emotional memory tasks
PubMed ID: 21402164
Dâcycloserine enhanced overnight procedural memory consolidation â substantial domainâspecific memory benefit (indirect).
- Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial
PubMed ID: 35684157
Supplement with Lâserine improved certain spatial cognition and cognitive recovery metrics (human RCT signal for memory/ cognition).
Healthy aging (5)
- The effect of D-serine administration on cognition and mood in older adults
PubMed ID: 26933803
Single Dâserine dose improved spatial learning in older adults with plasma correlationârelevant to cognitive aspects of aging (indirect to Lâserine).
- Traditional Korean diet high in one-carbon nutrients increases global DNA methylation: implication for epigenetic diet
PubMed ID: 38867083
Diet richer in oneâcarbon nutrients including serine increased global DNA methylation â an epigenetic change plausibly relevant to aging biology.
- Periodic fasting induced reconstitution of metabolic flexibility improves albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 41005725
Fastingâmimicking diet increased serine/glycine in responders and improved albuminuria and lipid metabolismârelevant to metabolic aspects of aging.
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 1 Polymorphisms Modify the Associations of Plasma Glycine and Serine With Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris in WENBIT (Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial)
PubMed ID: 27872106
Large cohort: plasma serine/glycine associations with acute myocardial infarction risk (genotypeâdependent), linking serine metabolism to cardiovascular aging risk.
- A multi-metabolite signature robustly predicts long-term mortality in the PREDIMED trial and several US cohorts
PubMed ID: 40107652
Large metabolite signature study found serine among metabolites inversely associated with longâterm mortalityâsupportive for healthyâaging relevance (associative).
Mood balance (9)
- Efficacy of Adjunctive D-Cycloserine to Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 36223114
Dâcycloserine added to iTBS reduced depression scores and increased remission â mechanistic relevance to NMDA/coâagonist pathway but drug â Lâserine.
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Singleâdose Dâserine reduced selfârated depression/anxiety in healthy adultsâdirect symptom improvement (Dâserine metabolically linked to Lâserine).
- A high-throughput clinical assay for testing drug facilitation of exposure therapy
PubMed ID: 23283838
Singleâsession DCS reduced lab anxiety measuresâdirect effect on acute anxiety circuits (indirectly relevant).
- D-Cycloserine as an augmentation strategy with cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder
PubMed ID: 23599046
DCS accelerated CBT response for social anxietyâsupports mood/anxiety modulation via NMDA coâagonism (indirect).
- D-serine efficacy as add-on pharmacotherapy to risperidone and olanzapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia
PubMed ID: 15780844
Dâserine adjunct reduced psychiatric symptoms (including negative symptoms) â reasonably relevant to mood/psychopathology; Lâserine is a precursor so indirect but plausible.
- Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial
PubMed ID: 35684157
4âweek multiâAA supplement including Lâserine improved motivation (moodârelated metric) in office workers.
- The efficacy of sodium benzoate as an adjunctive treatment in early psychosis - CADENCE-BZ: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28388932
Protocol for DAAO inhibition to raise Dâserine in early psychosis â directly targets serine biology for psychiatric symptoms.
- D-serine for the treatment of negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk of schizophrenia: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group mechanistic proof-of-concept trial
PubMed ID: 26360284
Dâserine reduced negative symptoms in highârisk youthâclinical symptom improvement implicates mood/affect circuits.
- Intermittent theta-burst stimulation with adjunctive D-cycloserine rapidly resolves suicidal ideation and decreases implicit association with death/suicide
PubMed ID: 39905763
Dâcycloserine + iTBS rapidly reduced suicidal ideation (clinically meaningful signal); indirect support for NMDAâcoagonist pathway effect on mood.
Illness recovery (8)
- Dietary treatment of rheumatoid cachexia with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine and arginine: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 15896432
Both tested aminoâacid mixtures (one containing serine) increased fatâfree mass in cachectic RA patients, supporting recovery/leanâmass restoration (not attributable to serine alone).
- Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial
PubMed ID: 35684157
Supplement including Lâserine improved recovery metrics after mental work (randomized trial with positive effects).
- Combined Effect of Arginine, Valine, and Serine on Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
PubMed ID: 30999554
Arginineâvalineâserine mixture reduced perceived fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans â direct, clinically relevant recovery support (serine included).
- Human perceptual learning is delayed by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor partial agonist D-cycloserine
PubMed ID: 33570017
Dâcycloserine altered timing of perceptual learning with enhanced betweenâday consolidation â suggests a role in overnight recovery/consolidation of learning.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
In two randomized trials CMA containing Lâserine significantly shortened recovery time in ambulatory COVIDâ19 patients (large effect) though the formula was multiâcomponent.
- l-Serine and EPA Relieve Chronic Low-Back and Knee Pain in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 32520991
Lâserine+EPA RCT reduced chronic musculoskeletal pain and improved painârelated QoLâsupports symptomatic recovery/functional improvement.
- Acute and prolonged effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF424-derived SOD on antioxidant defense in healthy individuals challenged with intense aerobic exercise
PubMed ID: 39277120
Human exercise trial of an SOD product found reduced exerciseâinduced oxidative stress and transient drops in serine and related amino acidsâindirect evidence linking serine metabolism to exercise recovery.
- ARDS metabolic fingerprints: characterization, benchmarking, and potential mechanistic interpretation
PubMed ID: 33949201
ARDS metabolomics showed serineâglycine metabolism abnormalities that tended to normalize with clinical recoveryâlinks serine dynamics to recovery.
Learning (8)
- d-Cycloserine reduces context specificity of sexual extinction learning
PubMed ID: 26456134
Dâcycloserine administered postâlearning affected extinction/generalizationâstrongest learningâdomain signal in the dataset (mechanistic, not Lâserine supplementation).
- Dose-Dependent Augmentation of Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Learning in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Target Engagement Clinical Trial of the NMDA Glutamate Receptor Agonist d-serine
PubMed ID: 36958998
Dâserine produced doseâdependent auditory learning improvements with measurable effect sizes â strong support for NMDAâcoagonist effects on learning.
- Human perceptual learning is delayed by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor partial agonist D-cycloserine
PubMed ID: 33570017
Dâcycloserine altered perceptual learning dynamics and enhanced overnight consolidation â supports learning enhancement.
- D-Cycloserine and performance under different states of anxiety in healthy volunteers
PubMed ID: 17510758
DCS improved visuospatial learning in healthy volunteers under low anxiety â clear relevance to learning ability (indirect to Lâserine).
- The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-cycloserine facilitates declarative learning and hippocampal activity in humans
PubMed ID: 20303474
DCS enhanced declarative learning and hippocampal activity â strong support for enhanced learning processes.
- D-cycloserine facilitates procedural learning but not declarative learning in healthy humans: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of D-cycloserine and valproic acid on overnight properties in the performance of non-emotional memory tasks
PubMed ID: 21402164
DCS improved procedural memory consolidation â supports learning consolidation mechanisms.
- Augmenting NMDA receptor signaling boosts experience-dependent neuroplasticity in the adult human brain
PubMed ID: 26621715
DCS enhanced EEG LTPâlike potentiation and sped learning on probabilistic tasksâdirect evidence for enhanced learning.
- AST-001 versus placebo for social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39425256
ASTâ001 (Lâserine) RCT produced improvements in Communication and Motor domains and overall adaptive functioning in children with ASD â these functional gains are consistent with improved learning/skill acquisition in the studied pediatric population.
Stress resilience (6)
- Augmenting extinction learning with D-cycloserine reduces return of fear: a randomized, placebo-controlled fMRI study
PubMed ID: 31634897
Dâcycloserine reduced returnâofâfear responses and attenuated hippocampus/amygdala activation â supports stress/fear resilience via NMDA modulation.
- Effect of D-cycloserine and valproic acid on the extinction of reinstated fear-conditioned responses and habituation of fear conditioning in healthy humans: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 21594560
Single doses of DCS or VPA enhanced extinction/habituation of reinstated conditioned fear â mechanistic support for improved stressâresilience via extinction learning.
- A high-throughput clinical assay for testing drug facilitation of exposure therapy
PubMed ID: 23283838
Lab exposure assay: DCS enhanced shortâterm anxiety reductionâsupports extinction/stress resilience mechanisms.
- Combining D-cycloserine with appetitive extinction learning modulates amygdala activity during recall
PubMed ID: 28512009
DCS reduced amygdala activation and increased amygdalaâvmPFC coupling during extinction recallâneural substrate for stress resilience.
- Neurocognitive processes in d-cycloserine augmented single-session exposure therapy for anxiety: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32229324
Dâcycloserine before exposure reduced threat bias and raised 1âmonth recovery in panic disorder â clinical signal for resilience.
- Randomized controlled experimental study of hydrocortisone and D-cycloserine effects on fear extinction in PTSD
PubMed ID: 34799682
Singleâdose Dâcycloserine facilitated physiological extinction learning in traumaâexposed individuals â strong mechanistic signal for resilience to fear.
Immune support (4)
- [Anti-asthma components and mechanism of Kechuanting acupoint application therapy: based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology]
PubMed ID: 36604927
Study of acupoint therapy in asthma reported enrichment of glycine/serine/threonine metabolism alongside improved asthma control â indirect immuneârelated signal tied to serine pathways.
- [Impact of intravenous nutrition on plasma free amino acid spectrum and immune function for patients with sepsis]
PubMed ID: 17571315
IV aminoâacid infusion (which included serine) in septic patients raised some immune markers (IgM/C3/C4) versus nonâAA nutrition, linking serineâcontaining nutrition to improved immune indices.
- Interleukin 6 blockage alters the plasma metabolome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
PubMed ID: 39510308
Tocilizumab RCT caused >1.5âfold rises in plasma serine/glycine at 48h, directly linking ILâ6âmediated inflammation to circulating serine pools.
- Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
PubMed ID: 34180141
Randomized COVID trials of a metabolic activator mixture that included Lâserine produced marked reductions in inflammatory cytokines and faster clinical recovery; serine was raised in plasma though contribution of individual components is not isolated.
Focus & concentration (4)
- Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial
PubMed ID: 35684157
Attention and spatial cognition improved after the 5âAA supplement including Lâserine (direct cognitive focus measures improved).
- An N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist facilitates sleep-independent synaptic plasticity associated with working memory capacity enhancement
PubMed ID: 22355644
Dâcycloserine facilitated delayed workingâmemory improvement (nâback) during wakefulness â relevant to sustained attention/working focus.
- Behavioral and cognitive effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonist D-serine in healthy humans: initial findings
PubMed ID: 25554623
Improved CPTâIP attention/vigilance after single Dâserine doseâdirect support for attention/focus.
- A role beyond learning for NMDA receptors in reward-based decision-making-a pharmacological study using d-cycloserine
PubMed ID: 24924800
DCS improved decisionâintegration without changing learning rateâenhanced focused decision processes.
Nerve health (3)
- l-Serine and EPA Relieve Chronic Low-Back and Knee Pain in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 32520991
Lâserine+EPA RCT reduced chronic lowâback and knee painâclinical peripheral symptom improvement relevant to neuromusculoskeletal function.
- Effects of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine on orthostatic hypotension in hemodialysis patients
PubMed ID: 12169865
Lâthreoâ3,4âdihydroxyphenylserine (LâDOPS), a serineâderived prodrug, improved orthostatic symptoms in dialysis patients â direct clinical benefit for autonomic/nerve function.
- Fenofibrate lowers atypical sphingolipids in plasma of dyslipidemic patients: A novel approach for treating diabetic neuropathy?
PubMed ID: 26228675
Fenofibrate reduced neurotoxic 1âdeoxyâsphingolipids whose formation is directly linked to serine metabolism â strong mechanistic relevance for peripheral nerve health.
Cell health (2)
- Periodic fasting induced reconstitution of metabolic flexibility improves albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 41005725
Responder metabolic signature (increased serine/glycine) accompanied improvements in albuminuria and lipid markersâconsistent with improved cellular/organ function.
- Traditional Korean diet high in one-carbon nutrients increases global DNA methylation: implication for epigenetic diet
PubMed ID: 38867083
Dietary changes including higher serine altered global DNA methylation â epigenetic modification relevant to cellular maintenance/repair.
Sleep quality (1)
- Analysis of the Effects of Known Sleep-Support Supplements in Relation to Life Habits, Sleep Conditions, and Sleep Problems
PubMed ID: 37242260
Randomized crossâover human trial that directly tested oral Lâserine (300 mg/day) and reported improved sleep initiation/maintenance and overall sleep scores versus baseline (direct evidence for Lâserine improving sleep quality).
Muscle maintenance (1)
- Dietary treatment of rheumatoid cachexia with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine and arginine: a randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 15896432
Aminoâacid mixtures (placebo included serine) increased fatâfree mass in RA patients with cachexia, supporting a role for nonessential AAs including serine in leanâmass preservation.
Similar by evidence
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Products with L-Serine
Search all1293 products whose verified label declares L-Serine â not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet â this is what the field is asking, not what it found.