Piperine
18 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
1,690 products in our catalogue print how much Piperine a serving holds.
Most common: 2.5 mg to 5 mg, 56% of 1,690 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 1 mg or less | 59 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 156 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 945 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 363 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 82 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 38 |
| over 50 mg | 47 |
Dose per serving from research
38 study groups in 36 studies say how much Piperine participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 2.5 mg to 5 mg, 39% of 38 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg or less | 1 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 15 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 11 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 8 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
| over 50 mg | 1 |
Commonly used together
36 of 38 study groups took Piperine with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Curcumin | 24 |
| Turmeric | 4 |
Benefit Evidence
Research sources
Metabolism (11)
- Effects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30796508
Phytosomal curcumin + 8 mg piperine lowered fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in overweight subjects (piperine as adjuvant).
- The effect of curcumin-piperine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammation, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia
PubMed ID: 39165011
T2D/high‑TG trial lowered triglycerides and fasting glucose versus placebo.
- Effects of Greenselect Phytosome® on weight maintenance after weight loss in obese women: a randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 27450231
Green-tea extract formulated with piperine helped maintain weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes in obese women (combination product).
- Efficacy and safety of Cyperus rotundus extract on weight management in obese individuals: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 41305713
Same trial demonstrated significant triglyceride and BMI improvements, indicating metabolic benefits for the formulation that included piperine; attribution to piperine is uncertain.
- Cost-Effectiveness of Passion Fruit Albedo versus Turmeric in the Glycemic and Lipaemic Control of People with Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33141635
Type 2 diabetes turmeric+piperine RCT reduced HOMA‑IR, triglycerides and improved glycemia (120 days).
- The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38200253
Piperine alone improved fasting blood sugar, lowered LDL and reduced ALT in NAFLD/early cirrhosis—direct metabolic effects.
- Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis
PubMed ID: 25618800
Metabolic‑syndrome RCT improved SOD, reduced MDA and lowered CRP — favorable metabolic/inflammatory profile changes.
- Lipid-modifying effects of adjunctive therapy with curcuminoids-piperine combination in patients with metabolic syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25440375
Curcuminoids+piperine improved multiple lipid parameters in metabolic-syndrome patients (combination evidence for metabolic benefit).
- Improvement in insulin resistance and favourable changes in plasma inflammatory adipokines after weight loss associated with two months' consumption of a combination of bioactive food ingredients in overweight subjects
PubMed ID: 23271695
Multi-ingredient supplement containing piperine improved insulin-resistance markers and adrenergic/metabolic biomarkers in overweight subjects.
- Curcuminoids Plus Piperine Modulate Adipokines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed ID: 29299989
T2D RCT raised adiponectin and lowered leptin and TNF‑α — beneficial adipokine/inflammatory shifts for metabolic health.
- Curcuminoids modify lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28735818
T2D RCT improved atherogenic lipid indices which are closely tied to metabolic syndrome risk.
Inflammation (11)
- The effect of curcumin-piperine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammation, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia
PubMed ID: 39165011
T2D/high‑TG RCT reduced triglycerides and fasting glucose and trended to lower CRP — meaningful anti‑inflammatory/metabolic effect.
- Effect of curcumin on inflammatory biomarkers and iron profile in patients with premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 37394650
PMS RCT slightly lowered hsCRP vs placebo — modest anti‑inflammatory effect.
- Effects of curcuminoids on inflammatory status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 32147075
NAFLD RCT reduced TNF‑α, MCP‑1 and other inflammatory markers and improved liver imaging.
- Curcuminoids Plus Piperine Modulate Adipokines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed ID: 29299989
T2D RCT reduced TNF‑α and improved adipokines, consistent anti‑inflammatory effects with curcumin+piperine.
- Mitigation of Systemic Oxidative Stress by Curcuminoids in Osteoarthritis: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25688638
Knee OA RCT produced antioxidant marker improvements and lowered MDA, reflecting reduced oxidative inflammation.
- Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis
PubMed ID: 25618800
Metabolic‑syndrome RCT showed CRP reduction alongside antioxidant improvements — robust anti‑inflammatory signal.
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of curcumin and piperine co-supplementation on inflammatory factors, cardiac biomarkers, atrial fibrillation, and clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
PubMed ID: 38901949
Curcumin+piperine modestly lowered CRP perioperatively and increased TAC (anti-inflammatory/antioxidant biomarker changes).
- Herbal formulation "turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger" versus Naproxen for chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32180294
Turmeric/black pepper/ginger reduced PGE2, a key inflammatory mediator, in osteoarthritis patients (multi-herbal product including piperine source).
- Evaluation of Curcumin-Piperine Supplementation in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 37378780
Curcumin+piperine in ICU COVID patients reduced CRP (inflammatory marker) over 7 days (combination product, small sample).
- Therapeutic effects of curcumin and piperine combination in critically ill patients with sepsis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40514680
Septic ICU RCT had large CRP and ESR reductions over 7 days — strong anti‑inflammatory effect in acute setting.
- The effects of curcumin-piperine supplementation on inflammatory, oxidative stress and metabolic indices in patients with ischemic stroke in the rehabilitation phase: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38082237
Stroke rehab RCT reported multiple inflammatory reductions including hs‑CRP alongside cardiometabolic improvements.
Blood sugar (8)
- Cost-Effectiveness of Passion Fruit Albedo versus Turmeric in the Glycemic and Lipaemic Control of People with Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 33141635
T2D RCT (turmeric+piperine) reduced HOMA‑IR and improved fasting glycemia and HbA1c over 120 days.
- Effects of Curcuminoids Plus Piperine on Glycemic, Hepatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 29458218
Curcuminoids + 5 mg piperine reduced fasting glucose and C-peptide modestly in T2D after 3 months (combination product).
- The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38200253
Piperine alone lowered fasting blood sugar in NAFLD/early cirrhosis patients (direct clinical glucose-lowering effect).
- Effects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30796508
Phytosomal curcumin + piperine reduced fasting plasma glucose and HOMA-IR in overweight subjects (piperine present as enhancer).
- Improvement in insulin resistance and favourable changes in plasma inflammatory adipokines after weight loss associated with two months' consumption of a combination of bioactive food ingredients in overweight subjects
PubMed ID: 23271695
Multi-ingredient supplement including piperine improved HOMA and insulin-resistance markers (metabolic/blood-sugar relevance).
- The Effects of Curcumin Plus Piperine Supplementation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34981479
Acute MI RCT found HbA1c improvement with curcumin+piperine adjunct therapy.
- The effect of curcumin-piperine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammation, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia
PubMed ID: 39165011
T2D with high TG trial showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose with curcumin+piperine.
- Effectiveness of the piperine-supplemented Curcuma longa L. in metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33586583
Curcuma longa with piperine improved blood sugar control and triglycerides in T2D over 120 days (combination product evidence).
Liver support (7)
- The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38200253
Piperine alone (5 mg/day) substantially decreased ALT in NAFLD/early cirrhosis patients—strong direct liver-support signal.
- A Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Risorine with Conventional Rifampicin in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
PubMed ID: 29313577
Rifampicin+piperine formulation (Risorine) reduced liver enzyme elevations versus standard therapy in pulmonary TB — protective hepatic signal.
- The Effects of Curcumin Plus Piperine Supplementation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34981479
AMI RCT observed ALT reductions with curcumin+piperine adjunct — improved liver enzyme profile.
- Curcumin and Piperine Combination for the Treatment of Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34981468
NAFLD RCT: curcumin+piperine modestly lowered ALP and improved ultrasound fatty‑liver severity.
- Curcuminoids plus piperine improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31168845
Curcumin with piperine improved NAFLD severity and ALT vs placebo (combination product evidence).
- Efficacy of curcumin plus piperine co-supplementation in moderate-to-high hepatic steatosis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36799355
12-week curcumin+piperine improved fasting glucose, ALT and lipids in patients with hepatic steatosis (combination effect).
- Effects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30796508
Phytosomal curcumin + piperine decreased GPT/ALT in overweight subjects (piperine included as bioenhancer).
Heart health (6)
- The Effects of Curcumin Plus Piperine Supplementation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34981479
Acute MI RCT showed improved LDL/HDL and HbA1c and reduced ALT — cardiometabolic benefits with curcumin+piperine adjunct.
- Curcuminoids modify lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 28735818
T2D RCT reported significant improvements in total/non‑HDL cholesterol, Lp(a) and a small HDL increase with curcumin+piperine.
- Lipid-modifying effects of adjunctive therapy with curcuminoids-piperine combination in patients with metabolic syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25440375
Curcuminoids with piperine improved LDL, non-HDL, TG and HDL in metabolic-syndrome patients (cardiometabolic lipid profile benefits).
- The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38200253
Piperine alone (5 mg/day) lowered LDL in NAFLD/early cirrhosis patients (direct lipid benefit from piperine trial).
- The effect of curcumin-piperine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammation, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia
PubMed ID: 39165011
T2D with high TG trial reduced triglycerides and fasting glucose, relevant to heart disease risk management.
- The effects of curcumin-piperine supplementation on inflammatory, oxidative stress and metabolic indices in patients with ischemic stroke in the rehabilitation phase: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 38082237
Stroke rehab RCT reduced triglycerides and systolic BP alongside CRP reductions (cardiometabolic signals).
Antioxidant (5)
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of curcumin and piperine co-supplementation on inflammatory factors, cardiac biomarkers, atrial fibrillation, and clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
PubMed ID: 38901949
Curcumin+piperine perioperative regimen raised total antioxidant capacity vs placebo (modest evidence, combination product).
- Therapeutic effects of curcumin and piperine combination in critically ill patients with sepsis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40514680
Septic ICU RCT produced large CRP/ESR reductions, consistent with reduced oxidative/inflammatory burden.
- Mitigation of Systemic Oxidative Stress by Curcuminoids in Osteoarthritis: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25688638
Knee OA RCT reported significant increases in SOD and reductions in MDA with curcumin+piperine.
- Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis
PubMed ID: 25618800
Metabolic‑syndrome RCT showed increased SOD and decreased MDA (clear antioxidant improvements with curcuminoids+piperine).
- Effects of Curcuminoids-Piperine Combination on Systemic Oxidative Stress, Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Complications Due to Sulfur Mustard: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25171552
Curcumin+piperine RCT showed clear increases in GSH and decreases in MDA — strong antioxidant biomarker effects.
Respiratory comfort (4)
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the benefits of a standardized Nigella sativa oil containing 5% thymoquinone in reducing the symptoms of seasonal allergy
PubMed ID: 39121267
Nigella sativa oil capsules containing piperine reduced nasal/ocular allergy scores and IgE—clinical respiratory/allergic benefit.
- A Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Risorine with Conventional Rifampicin in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
PubMed ID: 29313577
Risorine (rifampicin+piperine) improved early sputum conversion and cure rates in pulmonary TB — direct antimicrobial respiratory benefit.
- Effects of Curcuminoids-Piperine Combination on Systemic Oxidative Stress, Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Complications Due to Sulfur Mustard: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25171552
Chronic sulfur‑mustard lung injury trial: curcumin+piperine improved respiratory symptoms and quality‑of‑life (SGRQ, CAT).
- Effect of oral piperine on the swallow response of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia
PubMed ID: 24326980
Oral piperine bolus markedly reduced unsafe swallows and shortened LVC time, lowering aspiration risk relevant to respiratory protection.
Immune support (4)
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the benefits of a standardized Nigella sativa oil containing 5% thymoquinone in reducing the symptoms of seasonal allergy
PubMed ID: 39121267
Nigella sativa oil capsules containing piperine lowered serum IgE and allergy scores—immuno-modulatory clinical effect in allergic patients.
- Effects of curcumin-piperine supplementation on systemic immunity in young women with premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea: A randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 36174434
PMS/dysmenorrhea RCT showed reduced serum IgE with curcumin+piperine, suggesting modulation of allergic/immune markers.
- Therapeutic effects of curcumin and piperine combination in critically ill patients with sepsis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40514680
Septic ICU RCT markedly reduced CRP/ESR and altered counts — clinically relevant immune/inflammatory effects.
- Randomised Clinical Trial Study: The Combination of Vitamin D and Curcumin Piperine Attenuates Disease Activity and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Levels Insystemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
PubMed ID: 38299416
SLE RCT: curcumin+piperine (with vitamin D) reduced disease activity and IL‑6, indicating immune‑modulatory effects.
Nutrient uptake (3)
- Curcuminoids plus piperine improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31168845
Curcumin co-administered with piperine improved liver/NAFLD endpoints—piperine used as bioenhancer; supports piperine's role increasing bioavailability in combination products.
- A Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Risorine with Conventional Rifampicin in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
PubMed ID: 29313577
Risorine (rifampicin+piperine) demonstrated improved clinical outcomes (earlier sputum conversion) and fewer liver enzyme rises — classic evidence of piperine acting as bioenhancer for a co‑drug.
- Effects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 30796508
Phytosomal curcumin products often include piperine to boost curcumin exposure; clinical metabolic effects imply enhanced bioavailability though piperine not isolated.
Weight management (3)
- Improvement in insulin resistance and favourable changes in plasma inflammatory adipokines after weight loss associated with two months' consumption of a combination of bioactive food ingredients in overweight subjects
PubMed ID: 23271695
Multi-ingredient supplement with piperine altered metabolic and adrenergic markers and RQ favorably—consistent with weight-management mechanisms.
- Efficacy and safety of Cyperus rotundus extract on weight management in obese individuals: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 41305713
Randomized trial of a Cyperus rotundus formulation containing piperine showed significantly greater weight and BMI reduction vs placebo over 90 days; effect is real but multi‑component product confounds attribution to piperine alone.
- Effects of Greenselect Phytosome® on weight maintenance after weight loss in obese women: a randomized placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 27450231
Greenselect Phytosome containing piperine improved weight-loss maintenance vs placebo (clear clinical weight-management result for the formulation).
Detoxification (2)
- A Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Risorine with Conventional Rifampicin in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
PubMed ID: 29313577
Risorine reduced liver enzyme elevations vs control during TB therapy, suggesting protective/detoxification‑related hepatic effects when piperine is used to enhance therapy.
- The Effects of Curcumin Plus Piperine Supplementation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34981479
AMI RCT showed ALT reductions with curcumin+piperine — improved liver enzyme profile consistent with detoxification support.
Skin health (2)
- Efficacy of a mixed preparation containing piperine, capsaicin and curcumin in the treatment of alopecia areata
PubMed ID: 35318791
Topical multi-agent prep that included piperine produced hair regrowth in alopecia areata comparable to minoxidil (piperine part of topical formulation).
- The effect of topical piperine combined with narrowband UVB on vitiligo treatment: A clinical trial study
PubMed ID: 29781089
Topical piperine + NB-UVB produced significantly greater facial vitiligo repigmentation than NB-UVB alone (direct, local piperine effect).
Mood balance (2)
- A Standardized Withania somnifera (Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 37878284
Ashwagandha + piperine for 90 days improved depression and anxiety scores and increased serum serotonin (clinical mood benefits with piperine included).
- A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 37832082
Ashwagandha tablets formulated with 5 mg piperine reduced perceived stress, anxiety and morning cortisol vs placebo (piperine present as adjuvant).
Joint comfort (2)
- Herbal formulation "turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger" versus Naproxen for chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32180294
Turmeric+black pepper+ginger reduced PGE2 and improved knee OA symptoms similar to naproxen (black pepper is piperine source).
- Impact of Supplementation with Curcuminoids on Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Findings from a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25050518
Knee OA RCT reported clinical symptom improvements with curcumin+piperine though systemic biomarker between‑group differences were inconclusive.
Pain relief (2)
- Herbal formulation "turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger" versus Naproxen for chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 32180294
Herbal formulation including black pepper reduced knee OA pain similarly to naproxen over 4 weeks (clinical analgesic effect in combination product).
- Impact of Supplementation with Curcuminoids on Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Findings from a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 25050518
Knee OA study reported clinical symptom improvement with curcumin+piperine despite ambiguous systemic biomarker changes — supports modest pain relief.
Antimicrobial (1)
- A Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Risorine with Conventional Rifampicin in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
PubMed ID: 29313577
Large RCT: rifampicin+piperine (Risorine) improved early sputum conversion and cure rates in pulmonary TB — direct antimicrobial adjunct benefit.
Healthy aging (1)
- Curcumin plus piperine improve body composition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
PubMed ID: 39934549
IBD RCT increased fat‑free mass and phase angle (cellular health) — signals relevant to healthy aging and preservation of lean mass.
Digestive support (1)
- Effect of oral piperine on the swallow response of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia
PubMed ID: 24326980
Direct piperine bolus administration in dysphagic patients markedly reduced unsafe swallows and shortened LVC time—strong digestive/bolus-safety effect.
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Piperine
Search all2260 products whose verified label declares Piperine — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.