Lecithin
13 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from research
6 study groups in 4 studies say how much Lecithin participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 10 g to 25 g, 50% of 6 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 500 mg to 1 g | 1 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 2 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 0 |
| 5 g to 10 g | 0 |
| 10 g to 25 g | 3 |
Benefit Evidence
Cognition/memory, -2.4 ADAS-Cog
Memory retention, +7.0%
Progression/dementia risk, 12.2% vs 39.1%
Attention/processing +13, −51ms
Memory/concentration improved
Slower cognitive decline
Cognition/memory, -2.4 ADAS-Cog
Memory retention, +7.0%
Progression/dementia risk, 12.2% vs 39.1%
Attention/processing +13, −51ms
Memory/concentration improved
Slower cognitive decline
Research sources
Brain health (13)
- Positive effects of soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidic acid on memory, cognition, daily functioning, and mood in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia
PubMed ID: 25414047
Multiple trials of soy‑lecithin–derived PS+PA in elderly/AD populations showed modest, consistent benefits in memory and preservation of daily functioning — strong support for aging brain targets.
- The Effect of the Association between Donepezil and Choline Alphoscerate on Behavioral Disturbances in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim Results of the ASCOMALVA Trial
PubMed ID: 28035924
Combination therapy reduced behavioral disturbances and caregiver distress in AD over two years—supports quality‑of‑life aspects of aging brain care.
- Efficacy and safety of choline alphoscerate for amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39300341
12‑week αGPC improved cognitive scores in amnestic MCI — randomized placebo‑controlled evidence of benefit in aging brain populations.
- Effects of choline alfoscerate on cognitive function and quality of life in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39703111
Choline alfoscerate (1200 mg/day) gave MMSE improvements at 12 months in T2DM patients with mild cognitive decline—supportive in an aging/relevant comorbid population.
- [Efficacy and safety of choline alfoscerate in the preventive therapy of dementia in elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a three-year prospective comparative study]
PubMed ID: 38696157
3‑year prospective comparative therapy associated with markedly lower progression/conversion rates in amnestic MCI—supportive long‑term evidence.
- Apathy Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim Results of the ASCOMALVA Trial
PubMed ID: 26402001
Combination reduced apathy and caregiver distress and improved frontal outcomes over two years—clinically relevant support for aging brain function.
- [Improvement in quality of life in the elderly. Results of a placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and tolerability of lecithin fluid in patients with impaired cognitive functions]
PubMed ID: 15662899
Randomized controlled lecithin fluid trial in older adults with mild cognitive impairment showed improved responder rate and some cognitive measures — relevant to aging brain support.
- Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12637119
Large double‑blind RCT: choline alfoscerate improved ADAS‑Cog, MMSE and global measures over 180 days in mild–moderate Alzheimer's disease (strong support for aging brain).
- A multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia
PubMed ID: 1916007
Intramuscular alpha‑GPC improved cognitive/behavioral scores in vascular dementia patients (large open study, supportive for aging brain disorders).
- Comparative study of choline alfoscerate as a combination therapy with donepezil: A mixed double-blind randomized controlled and open-label observation trial
PubMed ID: 38875437
Choline alfoscerate added to donepezil produced modest additional cognitive/behavioral benefit in AD patients.
- Multicentre study of l-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer's type
PubMed ID: 8477148
Alpha‑GPC recipients with probable Alzheimer's dementia had significant neuropsychological improvements in a randomized multicenter trial.
- The ASCOMALVA trial: association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular injury: interim results
PubMed ID: 22959283
12‑month interim randomized data showed added choline alphoscerate produced better cognitive/functional outcomes in AD with vascular injury.
- The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) Trial: interim results after two years of treatment
PubMed ID: 24898643
Two‑year randomized data: adding choline alphoscerate to donepezil slowed cognitive and functional deterioration in AD with vascular injury—strong aging‑brain support.
Mental clarity (9)
- Positive effects of soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidic acid on memory, cognition, daily functioning, and mood in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia
PubMed ID: 25414047
Soy‑lecithin–derived PS+PA improved memory and some cognitive measures in older adults, consistent with clearer thinking in that population.
- Multicentre study of l-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer's type
PubMed ID: 8477148
Alpha‑GPC improved several neuropsychological measures in Alzheimer's patients (supports cognitive clarity).
- Comparative study of choline alfoscerate as a combination therapy with donepezil: A mixed double-blind randomized controlled and open-label observation trial
PubMed ID: 38875437
Choline alfoscerate added to donepezil produced modest additional cognitive/behavioral improvements in AD patients.
- Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine
PubMed ID: 2071257
Alpha‑GPC protected attention and short‑term memory in controlled human testing (mechanistic support for clearer thinking).
- Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12637119
Choline alfoscerate produced clinically meaningful cognitive improvements in mild–moderate AD (relevant to reducing cognitive clouding).
- The ASCOMALVA trial: association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular injury: interim results
PubMed ID: 22959283
Choline alphoscerate added to donepezil produced better cognitive and functional outcomes in AD with vascular injury, implying less cognitive slowness.
- The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) Trial: interim results after two years of treatment
PubMed ID: 24898643
Two‑year combination therapy slowed cognitive/functional deterioration in AD, supportive of sustained clarity of thinking.
- Efficacy and safety of choline alphoscerate for amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39300341
αGPC improved ADAS‑cog memory and concentration domains in amnestic MCI—objective improvements consistent with reduced brain fog.
- [Efficacy and safety of choline alfoscerate in the preventive therapy of dementia in elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a three-year prospective comparative study]
PubMed ID: 38696157
3‑year observational therapy associated with lower cognitive progression/conversion to dementia—consistent with preservation of clear cognition.
Memory (8)
- Positive effects of soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidic acid on memory, cognition, daily functioning, and mood in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia
PubMed ID: 25414047
Multiple human trials with soy‑lecithin–derived PS+PA showed modest but consistent memory improvements and preservation of daily function in elderly/AD patients.
- [Efficacy and safety of choline alfoscerate in the preventive therapy of dementia in elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a three-year prospective comparative study]
PubMed ID: 38696157
3‑year courses of choline alfoscerate associated with much lower progression and conversion to dementia in amnestic MCI—preservation of memory function.
- Effects of choline alfoscerate on cognitive function and quality of life in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39703111
Choline alfoscerate produced progressive MMSE improvement by 12 months in T2DM patients with mild cognitive decline, indicating memory benefit.
- Efficacy and safety of choline alphoscerate for amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39300341
12 weeks of 600 mg/day αGPC significantly improved ADAS‑cog total and the memory domain in amnestic MCI vs placebo.
- The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) Trial: interim results after two years of treatment
PubMed ID: 24898643
Adding choline alphoscerate to donepezil slowed cognitive decline over 24 months in AD with vascular injury, including memory outcomes.
- The ASCOMALVA trial: association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular injury: interim results
PubMed ID: 22959283
Interim 12‑month trial showed better MMSE/ADAS‑cog with choline alphoscerate + donepezil vs donepezil alone in AD with vascular injury.
- Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 12637119
Choline alfoscerate produced robust ADAS‑Cog and MMSE improvements over 180 days in mild–moderate Alzheimer's disease (strong memory benefit signal).
- Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine
PubMed ID: 2071257
Alpha‑GPC antagonized scopolamine‑induced memory impairment in healthy volunteers (direct memory protection).
Nutrient uptake (7)
- Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin
PubMed ID: 8726246
Egg‑yolk lecithin in infant formula raised plasma/RBC DHA and transiently improved visual acuity, indicating improved absorption/delivery of lipid nutrients.
- Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Two Eggs/Day Increased Plasma Carotenoids and Choline without Increasing Trimethyl Amine N-Oxide Concentrations
PubMed ID: 29313753
Two eggs/day (phosphatidylcholine source) increased plasma choline and carotenoids vs oatmeal, showing improved uptake of certain nutrients.
- The effect of curcumin on hepatic fat content in individuals with obesity
PubMed ID: 35775631
Meriva (lecithin curcumin) showed clear systemic exposure despite no hepatic-fat benefit — PK evidence of improved absorption.
- A new mixed micellar preparation for oral vitamin K prophylaxis: randomised controlled comparison with an intramuscular formulation in breast fed infants
PubMed ID: 9875038
Oral vitamin K formulated with lecithin maintained higher plasma vitamin K vs IM — direct evidence lecithin improves oral nutrient absorption.
- In vitro digestion-assisted development of a β-cryptoxanthin-rich functional beverage; in vivo validation using systemic response and faecal content
PubMed ID: 27132819
Formulation work included lecithin emulsions and produced marked serum carotenoid increases (improved delivery).
- Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 30501605
Lecithin (phytosome) bergamot improved bioavailability (≈2.5× naringin) and produced stronger metabolic effects.
- Fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocytes in term infants fed human milk and formulae with and without docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids from egg yolk lecithin
PubMed ID: 10102659
Egg‑yolk lecithin (DHA/AA) in infant formula raised plasma/RBC LCPs to levels similar to breastfed infants (restores delivery of LCPUFAs).
Focus & concentration (6)
- The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) Trial: interim results after two years of treatment
PubMed ID: 24898643
Two‑year trial showed slowed cognitive decline when choline precursor was added to donepezil—supporting sustained cognitive/focus benefits.
- The ASCOMALVA trial: association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular injury: interim results
PubMed ID: 22959283
Choline alphoscerate added to donepezil produced better cognitive outcomes in AD with vascular injury, implying improved attentional/cognitive function.
- Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine
PubMed ID: 2071257
Alpha‑GPC reduced scopolamine‑induced attention deficits (direct evidence for improved concentration).
- Multicentre study of l-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer's type
PubMed ID: 8477148
Alpha‑GPC recipients showed improved neuropsychological performance in Alzheimer's trials (likely includes concentration gains).
- [Efficacy and safety of choline alfoscerate in the preventive therapy of dementia in elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a three-year prospective comparative study]
PubMed ID: 38696157
Multiyear course therapy reduced cognitive decline and conversion to dementia in amnestic MCI, consistent with longer‑term preservation of attention and focus.
- Efficacy and safety of choline alphoscerate for amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39300341
12‑week αGPC improved ADAS‑cog concentration component and overall cognitive scores in amnestic MCI, reflecting better focus/concentration.
Wellbeing (6)
- The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) Trial: interim results after two years of treatment
PubMed ID: 24898643
Longer‑term addition of choline precursor slowed cognitive/functional decline in AD patients—contributes to overall wellbeing.
- Efficacy and safety of choline alphoscerate for amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 39300341
αGPC improved cognition in MCI over 12 weeks, supporting global brain health and functional wellness.
- [Efficacy and safety of choline alfoscerate in the preventive therapy of dementia in elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a three-year prospective comparative study]
PubMed ID: 38696157
Annual choline alfoscerate therapy over 3 years associated with lower progression and conversion to dementia—broad health/wellness implication.
- Oral administration of a lecithin-based delivery form of boswellic acids (Casperome®) for the prevention of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized clinical study
PubMed ID: 30676012
Randomized trial: lecithin-formulated Boswellia (Casperome®) improved IBS symptoms, reduced rescue meds and oxidative stress—clear clinical wellness benefit of lecithin formulation.
- Profermin is efficacious in patients with active ulcerative colitis--a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 24108114
Randomized trial: Profermin (contains lecithin + probiotics) reduced UC disease activity and increased remission rates—direct clinical wellness benefit with a lecithin‑containing product.
- Positive Effects of a Lecithin-Based Delivery Form of Boswellia serrata Extract in Acute Diarrhea of Adult Subjects
PubMed ID: 35565826
Lecithin-formulated Boswellia shortened diarrhea duration and improved abdominal symptoms vs placebo—clinical wellness gain (formulation effect).
Skin health (4)
- Oral Curcumin (Meriva) Is Effective as an Adjuvant Treatment and Is Able to Reduce IL-22 Serum Levels in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris
PubMed ID: 26090395
Meriva (lecithin-formulated curcumin) as adjunct improved psoriasis severity and lowered IL‑22—robust skin benefit of the lecithin formulation.
- Clinical efficacy of liposome-encapsulated Aloe vera on melasma treatment during pregnancy
PubMed ID: 28139161
Topical liposomes prepared with soybean lecithin improved pregnancy melasma more than control—benefit likely from improved topical delivery via lecithin liposomes.
- Topical diclofenac versus placebo: a double blind, randomized clinical trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
PubMed ID: 10606379
Diclofenac in a lecithin organogel improved knee OA symptoms vs placebo, supporting improved topical penetration/efficacy.
- Double-blind controlled clinical study of the efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine lecithin gel compared with diclofenac-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine gel in patients with peri and extraarticular inflammatory diseases
PubMed ID: 10568212
Topical diclofenac formulated with lecithin produced faster pain/swelling relief vs non-lecithin formulation — clear evidence lecithin improves topical delivery and local outcomes.
Mood balance (4)
- Apathy Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim Results of the ASCOMALVA Trial
PubMed ID: 26402001
Combination therapy reduced apathy and caregiver distress over two years, directly demonstrating behavioral/mood stabilization.
- The Effect of the Association between Donepezil and Choline Alphoscerate on Behavioral Disturbances in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim Results of the ASCOMALVA Trial
PubMed ID: 28035924
Adding choline alphoscerate to donepezil reduced BPSD severity and mood disorder cluster (depression, anxiety, apathy) over 24 months—robust mood symptom benefit.
- Effects of soy lecithin phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex (PAS) on the endocrine and psychological responses to mental stress
PubMed ID: 15512856
Well‑controlled RCT: soy‑lecithin–derived PS+PA (PAS) at 400 mg significantly blunted ACTH/cortisol responses and reduced self‑reported distress during stress testing.
- A lecithin phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid complex (PAS) reduces symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 29576358
Randomized trial of a phospholipid complex (PS+PA) reduced PMS symptom severity and modulated cortisol responses—direct evidence phospholipid formulations can stabilize mood‑related symptoms.
Cholesterol (4)
- Recombinant human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in patients with atherosclerosis: phase 2a primary results and phase 2b design
PubMed ID: 33493256
Dose‑dependent rhLCAT produced large, consistent increases in HDL‑C and HDL‑CE — strong mechanistic impact on lecithin→cholesteryl ester pathway and blood lipids (enzyme therapy, not dietary lecithin).
- Whole egg consumption improves lipoprotein profiles and insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than yolk-free egg substitute in individuals with metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 23021013
Whole‑egg (yolk phospholipids) vs yolk‑free egg substitute: increased HDL metrics, raised LCAT activity and improved HOMA‑IR—strong human dietary evidence linking dietary phospholipids to beneficial lipid markers.
- Phytostanol tablets reduce human LDL-cholesterol
PubMed ID: 15969949
Rapid-disintegration stanol–lecithin tablets produced ~10% LDL reduction and improved LDL/HDL ratio — strong clinical evidence for lipid balancing (via formulation).
- Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 30501605
Lecithin-formulated bergamot produced meaningful LDL and TG reductions and HDL increases in diabetics—strong clinical lipid benefit tied to lecithin formulation.
Exercise recovery (3)
- Analgesic efficacy of a lecithin-vehiculated diclofenac epolamine gel in shoulder periarthritis and lateral epicondylitis: a placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 16223204
Lecithin-formulated diclofenac gel gave superior early pain relief and functional improvement vs placebo in shoulder/elbow pain, supporting faster recovery.
- Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance
PubMed ID: 29042830
Acute A‑GPC improved jump power/velocity and raised plasma choline—evidence for acute performance benefits that could aid recovery.
- Double-blind, randomized, controlled study on the efficacy and safety of a novel diclofenac epolamine gel formulated with lecithin for the treatment of sprains, strains and contusions
PubMed ID: 12866363
Large RCT showed lecithin-containing diclofenac gel produced faster and greater pain relief after sprains/contusions vs non-lecithin gel — meaningful recovery benefit.
Heart health (3)
- Whole egg consumption improves lipoprotein profiles and insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than yolk-free egg substitute in individuals with metabolic syndrome
PubMed ID: 23021013
Randomized dietary trial: egg yolk increased HDL metrics and LCAT activity and improved insulin resistance—directly supportive of favorable blood‑lipid/heart markers.
- Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 30501605
Lecithin (phytosome) bergamot gave clinically relevant improvements in LDL, TG and HDL in T2DM patients—cardiometabolic benefit tied to lecithin formulation.
- Phytostanol tablets reduce human LDL-cholesterol
PubMed ID: 15969949
Fast-dissolving stanol–lecithin tablets produced ~10% LDL reduction — clinically relevant lipid improvement for heart risk.
Energy & Fatigue (2)
- Effect of soy lecithin on fatigue and menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
PubMed ID: 29310653
High‑dose soy lecithin increased POMS‑vigor scores (self‑reported energy) in middle‑aged women — a direct signal of increased perceived energy.
- Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance
PubMed ID: 29042830
Acute A‑GPC (250–500 mg) raised plasma choline and improved jump power/velocity in some tests—indicative of acute performance/energy effects.
Cell health (2)
- Fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocytes in term infants fed human milk and formulae with and without docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids from egg yolk lecithin
PubMed ID: 10102659
Infant formula with egg‑yolk lecithin (DHA/AA) raised plasma and RBC long‑chain polyunsaturates—direct effect on cell-membrane lipid composition.
- Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin
PubMed ID: 8726246
Egg‑yolk lecithin supplying DHA/AA increased infant plasma PC DHA and RBC PE AA—supports building blocks for healthy cell membranes.
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Lecithin
Search all17 products whose verified label declares Lecithin — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.