Psyllium
12 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
117 products in our catalogue print how much Psyllium a serving holds.
Most common: 500 mg to 1 g and 2.5 g to 5 g, 24% of 117 products each.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 50 mg or less | 4 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 3 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 10 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 4 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 28 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 23 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 28 |
| 5 g to 10 g | 16 |
| over 10 g | 1 |
Dose per serving from research
103 study groups in 80 studies say how much Psyllium participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 10 g to 25 g, 56% of 103 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 g or less | 3 |
| 2.5 g to 5 g | 8 |
| 5 g to 10 g | 31 |
| 10 g to 25 g | 58 |
| over 25 g | 3 |
Commonly used together
12 of 105 study groups took Psyllium with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Inulin | 3 |
Benefit Evidence
Constipation relief + bowel frequency
−72pp constipation; +2 BM/week
Stool bulking + consistency
Bulk + frequency
Transit -55%
Constipation symptoms + glucose/lipids
Postmeal glucose ↓14-31%
Fasting glucose/HbA1c ↓
Postmeal insulin ↓12-36%
Constipation relief + bowel frequency
−72pp constipation; +2 BM/week
Stool bulking + consistency
Research sources
Digestive support (28)
- A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of synbiotic versus probiotic or prebiotic treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis
PubMed ID: 19201576
As the prebiotic arm of a synbiotic, 8 g psyllium modestly improved bowel function and lowered CRP when combined with probiotic—supports daily-use benefits in IBD context.
- Agave tequilana Fructans Versus Psyllium plantago for Functional Constipation : Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37389917
Psyllium-equivalent fiber improved CSBMs and stool consistency in functional constipation.
- Effects of dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms and roles of gut microbiota: a double-blinded randomized placebo trial
PubMed ID: 37078654
Multiple fiber formulas including psyllium improved stool frequency/consistency over 4 weeks—supports regular daily use for digestive support.
- Two Gold Kiwifruit Daily for Effective Treatment of Constipation in Adults-A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 36235798
Psyllium matched kiwifruit for improving constipation symptoms and increasing complete spontaneous BMs.
- The effect of 'Zesy002' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis) on gut health function: a randomised cross-over clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31080591
Psyllium increased CSBM relative to baseline in mildly constipated adults (less than kiwifruit but still effective).
- Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial
PubMed ID: 28821315
Phase I trial participants with unsatisfactory bowel habits had improved weekly bowel movement frequency with daily psyllium.
- Randomised clinical trial: mixed soluble/insoluble fibre vs. psyllium for chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 27125883
Consistent RCT evidence of increased CSBMs and improved stool form supports daily digestive support.
- Psyllium Fiber Reduces Abdominal Pain in Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 27080737
Reduced abdominal pain episodes in children with IBS indicates improved digestive comfort.
- Psyllium fiber vs. placebo in early treatment after STARR for obstructed defecation: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26325116
Postoperative trial lowered constipation scores and urgency at 1 week and 6 months—supports regular digestion.
- Dietary fiber supplementation for fecal incontinence: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25155992
Reduction in fecal-incontinence episodes and firmer stools improves overall colon/anal comfort and function.
- Usefulness of psyllium in rehabilitation of obstructed defecation
PubMed ID: 21779973
Improved obstructed-defecation scores and rectal sensitivity indicate better colonic/rectal comfort.
- Soluble or insoluble fibre in irritable bowel syndrome in primary care? Randomised placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19713235
Primary-care IBS RCT showed increased short-term adequate relief and reduced symptom severity.
- Gastrointestinal side effects of orlistat may be prevented by concomitant prescription of natural fibers (psyllium mucilloid)
PubMed ID: 11443512
Psyllium markedly reduced overall GI event scores when given with orlistat (large symptom improvement).
- Supplementation with dietary fiber improves fecal incontinence
PubMed ID: 11480529
Reduced loose stools and incontinent stools, improving day-to-day comfort.
- A comparison of mebeverine with high-fibre dietary advice and mebeverine plus ispaghula in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: an open, prospectively randomised, parallel group study
PubMed ID: 2177997
Large IBS study showed reductions in abdominal pain and bowel symptom severity with ispaghula.
- Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Spanish Group for the Study of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU)
PubMed ID: 10022641
Psyllium maintained remission in UC comparably to mesalamine and increased stool butyrate — supports ongoing digestive maintenance in that population.
- A randomized, prospective, comparison study of a mixture of acacia fiber, psyllium fiber, and fructose vs polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes for the treatment of chronic functional constipation in childhood
PubMed ID: 22677568
Fiber mixture containing psyllium improved constipation symptoms in children (clinical improvement ~78%), supporting more regular digestion.
- A multi-centre, general practice comparison of ispaghula husk with lactulose and other laxatives in the treatment of simple constipation
PubMed ID: 9891195
General practice data: ispaghula produced more normal stools and fewer adverse events than other laxatives—practical daily support evidence.
- A Randomized Pilot Study to Compare the Effectiveness of a Low FODMAP Diet vs Psyllium in Patients With Fecal Incontinence and Loose Stools
PubMed ID: 35060943
Four-week pilot in fecal incontinence showed improvement with regular psyllium dosing — useful for daily support in that population.
- Efficacy of Oral Psyllium in Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 36136861
Pediatric IBS RCT produced large, clinically meaningful reduction in symptom burden and comfort.
- Consumption of 2 Green Kiwifruits Daily Improves Constipation and Abdominal Comfort-Results of an International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36537785
Large multicenter trial showed increased CSBM and improved GI symptoms — improved regularity.
- The effects of psyllium husk on gut microbiota composition and function in chronically constipated women of reproductive age using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis
PubMed ID: 34081625
Marked decreases in constipation symptoms and restored bowel frequency in women.
- Exploratory Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Green Kiwifruit, Psyllium, or Prunes in US Patients With Chronic Constipation
PubMed ID: 34074830
Increased bowel movements and reduced straining in adults with chronic constipation support regular digestion.
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Improved bowel symptoms in constipated adults indicate better digestion regularity.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
RCT showed consistent symptomatic relief of constipation and improved stooling over 12 weeks — strong daily-support evidence.
- Bulk agent Plantago ovata after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy with Ligasure
PubMed ID: 16708408
Post-hemorrhoidectomy RCT: psyllium markedly reduced tenesmus and shortened hospital stays—improves colon/anal comfort postoperatively.
- [Plantago ovata (Laxomucil) after hemorrhoidectomy]
PubMed ID: 16018379
Randomized trial after hemorrhoidectomy: psyllium shortened stay and made defecation less painful — clear symptomatic comfort benefit.
- Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 9663731
Compared with docusate, psyllium increased stool water, weight and BM frequency—objective support for regular digestion.
Cholesterol (30)
- Soluble fiber enhances the hypocholesterolemic effect of the step I diet in childhood
PubMed ID: 8586774
Pediatric RCT showed clinically meaningful TC and LDL reductions with psyllium added to a Step I diet.
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Improved cholesterol and LDL-C vs placebo in constipated adults, though flaxseed was superior.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
T2D RCT reported reductions in total cholesterol and triglycerides with psyllium.
- Effects of psyllium on LDL-cholesterol concentrations in Brazilian children and adolescents: a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25391814
Pediatric RCT: 7 g/day psyllium for 8 weeks reduced LDL and total cholesterol significantly.
- Combination therapy with colestipol and psyllium mucilloid in patients with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 7661492
Psyllium combined with half-dose colestipol improved total cholesterol/HDL ratio markedly—meaningful lipid benefit in combination.
- Efficacy of psyllium in reducing serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients on high- or low-fat diets
PubMed ID: 8363164
Large double-blind trial: psyllium (5.1 g twice daily) modestly but significantly lowered total and LDL cholesterol.
- A combination of psyllium and plant sterols alters lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic subjects by modifying the intravascular processing of lipoproteins and increasing LDL uptake
PubMed ID: 17449576
Psyllium + plant sterols produced significant LDL reductions and mechanistic LDL-receptor increases—strong supportive evidence (combo).
- Reduction of small dense LDL and Il-6 after intervention with Plantago psyllium in adolescents with obesity: a parallel, double blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33861390
Reduced atherogenic small dense LDL particles in obese adolescents indicates improved lipid profile.
- Effect on Insulin, Glucose and Lipids in Overweight/Obese Australian Adults of 12 Months Consumption of Two Different Fibre Supplements in a Randomised Trial
PubMed ID: 28146065
Overweight/obese trial: psyllium reduced LDL (~−7.8% at 3 months) — clinically relevant lipid effect.
- Psyllium supplementation in adolescents improves fat distribution & lipid profile: a randomized, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
PubMed ID: 22848584
Adolescents: modest LDL decrease (~6%) with 6 g/day psyllium—direct cholesterol-lowering evidence.
- Randomised study to compare the efficacy and safety of isapgol plus atorvastatin versus atorvastatin alone in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia
PubMed ID: 17824470
Adding psyllium to atorvastatin produced significantly greater LDL reduction vs statin alone.
- A combination therapy including psyllium and plant sterols lowers LDL cholesterol by modifying lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic individuals
PubMed ID: 16988115
Psyllium+sterols cookies lowered LDL/total cholesterol but intervention was combined.
- Effect of combining psyllium fiber with simvastatin in lowering cholesterol
PubMed ID: 15911730
Psyllium added to simvastatin increased LDL lowering comparable to higher statin dose.
- Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants
PubMed ID: 15699225
Psyllium included in a dietary portfolio that lowered LDL ~30% (multi-component intervention).
- Dietary counselling for dyslipidemia in primary care: results of a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 12493139
Soluble-fiber enhancement including psyllium produced small LDL reductions over 6 months.
- Sex and hormonal status influence the effects of psyllium on lipoprotein remodeling and composition
PubMed ID: 11912561
Crossover trial demonstrated average LDL −8% with psyllium (sex-specific TG effects noted).
- Sex and hormonal status influence plasma lipid responses to psyllium
PubMed ID: 11566640
Crossover study showed LDL reductions (7–9%) with psyllium.
- A study to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with soluble fibre (Minolest) on lipid levels in normal subjects with hypercholesterolaemia
PubMed ID: 10497668
Psyllium+guar study showed small but significant LDL and total cholesterol decreases.
- Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 10500014
Dietary psyllium improved total cholesterol and showed borderline LDL reduction in T2DM men.
- Cookies enriched with psyllium or oat bran lower plasma LDL cholesterol in normal and hypercholesterolemic men from Northern Mexico
PubMed ID: 9853540
Small study of psyllium-enriched cookies produced marked LDL reduction (~22.6%).
- Long-term effects of consuming foods containing psyllium seed husk on serum lipids in subjects with hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 9497178
24-week trial produced a small but persistent LDL reduction with daily psyllium.
- Ispaghula husk in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind controlled study
PubMed ID: 10201553
Large RCT showed consistent modest LDL and total-cholesterol reductions with ispaghula over weeks–months.
- Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes
PubMed ID: 9747644
In T2DM, 15 g/day psyllium improved LDL/total cholesterol in a placebo-controlled trial.
- Effect of psyllium in hypercholesterolemia at two monounsaturated fatty acid intakes
PubMed ID: 9129487
Two metabolic crossover studies showing consistent substantial LDL reductions (12–15%).
- The cholesterol-lowering effect of a breakfast cereal containing psyllium fibre
PubMed ID: 7830631
Large double-blind crossover in men showed modest but significant TC and LDL reductions.
- Psyllium reduces blood lipids in men and women with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 8160720
Psyllium cereal twice daily for 2 weeks lowered TC and LDL in hyperlipidemic adults.
- Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium-enriched cereal as an adjunct to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 1319110
Psyllium‑enriched cereal lowered TC and LDL vs wheat‑bran control in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
- Cholesterol-lowering effects of soluble-fiber cereals as part of a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 2173390
Psyllium‑enriched cereal modestly lowered TC and LDL in men with hypercholesterolemia.
- Synergistic effects of psyllium in the dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 2218650
Randomized trial with ~20.4 g/day psyllium produced meaningful TC and LDL reductions vs diet alone.
- Long-term effects of water-soluble dietary fiber in the management of hypercholesterolemia in healthy men and women
PubMed ID: 9024732
Six‑month WSDF mixture including psyllium sustained modest reductions in total and LDL cholesterol.
Bowel regularity (28)
- A double-blind trial of a celandin, aloevera and psyllium laxative preparation in adult patients with constipation
PubMed ID: 1800188
Combined supplement increased bowel frequency and stool softness and reduced laxative dependence; other components limit attribution.
- Micronized purified flavonidic fraction compared favorably with rubber band ligation and fiber alone in the management of bleeding hemorrhoids: randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 10813126
Ispaghula alone associated with cessation of hemorrhoidal bleeding (~10.6 days) in randomized trial.
- A Randomized Pilot Study to Compare the Effectiveness of a Low FODMAP Diet vs Psyllium in Patients With Fecal Incontinence and Loose Stools
PubMed ID: 35060943
Study in patients with loose stools and fecal incontinence: psyllium reduced incontinence episodes by improving stool form.
- Efficacy of Oral Psyllium in Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 36136861
Pediatric IBS RCT showed substantial symptom relief including stooling improvements.
- Consumption of 2 Green Kiwifruits Daily Improves Constipation and Abdominal Comfort-Results of an International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36537785
Multicenter randomized crossover: psyllium increased CSBM and improved GI symptoms in constipated adults.
- The effects of psyllium husk on gut microbiota composition and function in chronically constipated women of reproductive age using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis
PubMed ID: 34081625
Randomized trial in women produced marked decreases in constipation symptoms and improved bowel frequency.
- Exploratory Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Green Kiwifruit, Psyllium, or Prunes in US Patients With Chronic Constipation
PubMed ID: 34074830
Chronic constipation RCT increased bowel movements and reduced straining in US adults.
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Randomized trial in constipated adults: psyllium improved constipation symptoms vs placebo.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
Strong RCT in T2D with chronic constipation: significant easing of constipation (ROME III measures).
- Bulk agent Plantago ovata after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy with Ligasure
PubMed ID: 16708408
Randomized trial: psyllium after hemorrhoid surgery reduced tenesmus incidence from 40.8% to 10.2% and shortened hospital stay—strong clinical support.
- [Plantago ovata (Laxomucil) after hemorrhoidectomy]
PubMed ID: 16018379
Randomized study: psyllium post-hemorrhoidectomy shortened hospital stay and made bowel movements less painful — clear benefit for hemorrhoid-related outcomes.
- Testing control of radiation-induced diarrhea with a psyllium bulking agent: a pilot study
PubMed ID: 11894282
Metamucil (psyllium) reduced incidence and severity of radiation-induced diarrhea in a pilot randomized trial.
- Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 9663731
Large RCT: psyllium produced meaningful increases in stool water, output and BM frequency vs stool softener.
- The effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid on diarrhea in enterally fed patients
PubMed ID: 9176691
Psyllium made stools less watery in tube-fed patients, though diarrhea incidence unchanged and tube occlusion risk increased.
- Effect of a bulk-forming cathartic on diarrhea in tube-fed patients
PubMed ID: 1906447
In tube-fed patients psyllium reduced diarrhea and made stools firmer over the study period—clear diarrhea-control effect.
- Agave tequilana Fructans Versus Psyllium plantago for Functional Constipation : Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 37389917
Psyllium-equivalent fiber improved CSBMs and responder rates in functional constipation.
- Effects of dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms and roles of gut microbiota: a double-blinded randomized placebo trial
PubMed ID: 37078654
Psyllium-based interventions increased bowel movement frequency and improved stool form in a large RCT.
- Two Gold Kiwifruit Daily for Effective Treatment of Constipation in Adults-A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 36235798
Psyllium improved constipation domain scores and increased CSBMs similarly to kiwifruit in constipated participants.
- The effect of 'Zesy002' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis) on gut health function: a randomised cross-over clinical trial
PubMed ID: 31080591
Included again because it specifically compared psyllium to kiwifruit for constipation outcomes.
- Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial
PubMed ID: 28821315
Bowel movements/week increased substantially and % normal stools improved in trial participants.
- Randomised clinical trial: mixed soluble/insoluble fibre vs. psyllium for chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 27125883
Double-blind RCT in chronic constipation showed psyllium roughly doubled CSBMs and improved stool form.
- Psyllium fiber vs. placebo in early treatment after STARR for obstructed defecation: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26325116
Post-surgical randomized trial demonstrated significant reductions in constipation scores and defecation urgency with psyllium.
- Loperamide Versus Psyllium Fiber for Treatment of Fecal Incontinence: The Fecal Incontinence Prescription (Rx) Management (FIRM) Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 26347971
Psyllium reduced fecal incontinence episodes similarly to loperamide but with fewer constipation adverse effects.
- Dietary fiber supplementation for fecal incontinence: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25155992
Large RCT in fecal incontinence showed psyllium ~halved incontinence episodes and reduced severity by producing firmer stools.
- Usefulness of psyllium in rehabilitation of obstructed defecation
PubMed ID: 21779973
In rehabilitation, psyllium improved obstructed-defecation scores and rectal sensitivity compared with diet alone.
- Supplementation with dietary fiber improves fecal incontinence
PubMed ID: 11480529
Randomized trial in fecal incontinence showed fewer loose stools and >50% reduction in incontinent stools with psyllium.
- A comparison of mebeverine with high-fibre dietary advice and mebeverine plus ispaghula in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: an open, prospectively randomised, parallel group study
PubMed ID: 2177997
IBS patients reported improvements in bowel frequency and stool consistency.
- A randomized, prospective, comparison study of a mixture of acacia fiber, psyllium fiber, and fructose vs polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes for the treatment of chronic functional constipation in childhood
PubMed ID: 22677568
Psyllium-containing mixture improved constipation outcomes in children, with a high clinical improvement rate (multi-fiber product).
Heart health (25)
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Improved lipid measures versus placebo in constipated adults (though flaxseed performed better).
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
T2D + constipation RCT: reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides — supportive for heart health.
- Effects of psyllium on LDL-cholesterol concentrations in Brazilian children and adolescents: a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25391814
Pediatric RCT: meaningful LDL and total cholesterol reductions — strong heart-related evidence.
- The effects of psyllium on lipoproteins in type II diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 19623196
T2D RCT showed a significant triglyceride drop; some cardiovascular relevance.
- Combination therapy with colestipol and psyllium mucilloid in patients with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 7661492
Combination psyllium + half-dose colestipol improved total cholesterol/HDL ratio substantially vs components—cardiovascular risk benefit.
- Efficacy of psyllium in reducing serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients on high- or low-fat diets
PubMed ID: 8363164
Large RCT: psyllium modestly lowered total and LDL cholesterol — established heart-risk parameter improvement.
- A combination of psyllium and plant sterols alters lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic subjects by modifying the intravascular processing of lipoproteins and increasing LDL uptake
PubMed ID: 17449576
One-month psyllium+plant sterol crossover: clinically meaningful LDL reduction and increased LDL-receptor expression—supportive for heart risk reduction.
- Reduction of small dense LDL and Il-6 after intervention with Plantago psyllium in adolescents with obesity: a parallel, double blind, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 33861390
Obese adolescents: decreased atherogenic small dense LDL and IL-6, suggesting reduced CV risk.
- Psyllium supplementation in adolescents improves fat distribution & lipid profile: a randomized, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
PubMed ID: 22848584
Adolescent RCT showed modest LDL lowering and reduced central fat distribution—cardiometabolic support.
- Randomised study to compare the efficacy and safety of isapgol plus atorvastatin versus atorvastatin alone in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia
PubMed ID: 17824470
Adding psyllium to atorvastatin produced significantly greater LDL lowering vs statin alone.
- Different effect of psyllium and guar dietary supplementation on blood pressure control in hypertensive overweight patients: a six-month, randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 17729055
In hypertensive overweight patients psyllium lowered blood pressure and triglycerides (BP is cardiovascular risk).
- Effect of combining psyllium fiber with simvastatin in lowering cholesterol
PubMed ID: 15911730
Psyllium added to simvastatin produced an incremental LDL reduction comparable to doubling the statin dose.
- Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants
PubMed ID: 15699225
Psyllium-containing dietary portfolio produced large LDL reductions (multi-component intervention).
- Sex and hormonal status influence plasma lipid responses to psyllium
PubMed ID: 11566640
Crossover study showed LDL lowering and changes in lipoprotein-processing enzymes (CETP).
- Long-term effects of consuming foods containing psyllium seed husk on serum lipids in subjects with hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 9497178
24-week trial showed a small sustained LDL reduction, relevant to heart risk.
- Ispaghula husk in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind controlled study
PubMed ID: 10201553
Large RCT showed modest, consistent LDL and total-cholesterol reductions with psyllium.
- Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes
PubMed ID: 9747644
In diabetics psyllium improved lipids and glycemia, both relevant to cardiovascular risk.
- Effect of psyllium in hypercholesterolemia at two monounsaturated fatty acid intakes
PubMed ID: 9129487
Two crossover metabolic studies showing consistent 12–15% LDL reductions and improved ratios.
- Soluble fiber enhances the hypocholesterolemic effect of the step I diet in childhood
PubMed ID: 8586774
Pediatric RCT showed larger drops in TC and LDL vs diet alone.
- The cholesterol-lowering effect of a breakfast cereal containing psyllium fibre
PubMed ID: 7830631
Large double-blind crossover showed modest TC and LDL reductions in men.
- Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium-enriched cereal as an adjunct to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 1319110
Psyllium-enriched cereal lowered TC and LDL vs wheat‑bran control in hypercholesterolemics.
- Cholesterol-lowering effects of soluble-fiber cereals as part of a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 2173390
Psyllium-enriched breakfast cereal modestly lowered TC and LDL in men with high cholesterol.
- Synergistic effects of psyllium in the dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 2218650
Randomized supplementation (~20.4 g/day) produced meaningful TC and LDL reductions vs diet alone.
- Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives
PubMed ID: 11641293
12 g/day soluble fiber (psyllium-style) lowered 24‑hour systolic BP by ~6 mmHg in hypertensives — clinically meaningful cardiovascular risk effect.
- Long-term effects of water-soluble dietary fiber in the management of hypercholesterolemia in healthy men and women
PubMed ID: 9024732
6‑month WSDF mixture including psyllium produced sustained modest LDL/total cholesterol reductions relevant to heart risk.
Detoxification (11)
- Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 9663731
Psyllium increased stool water, stool weight and BM frequency vs docusate—consistent with gentle bulk-forming cleansing.
- A multi-centre, general practice comparison of ispaghula husk with lactulose and other laxatives in the treatment of simple constipation
PubMed ID: 9891195
General practice data: firmer, more normal stools and fewer laxative side effects—practical cleansing benefit.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
RCT eased constipation and improved stool outcomes — supports gentle cleansing/laxation.
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Improved bowel symptoms vs placebo in constipated adults supports mild laxative/gentle cleansing effect.
- Exploratory Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Green Kiwifruit, Psyllium, or Prunes in US Patients With Chronic Constipation
PubMed ID: 34074830
Increased bowel movements and reduced straining in chronic constipation indicate cleansing effect.
- The effects of psyllium husk on gut microbiota composition and function in chronically constipated women of reproductive age using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis
PubMed ID: 34081625
Marked clinical relief of constipation and bowel frequency improvements — strong evidence for gentle cleansing.
- Consumption of 2 Green Kiwifruits Daily Improves Constipation and Abdominal Comfort-Results of an International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 36537785
Multicenter trial showed increased CSBM and improved GI symptoms consistent with cleansing/laxation.
- Efficacy of Oral Psyllium in Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 36136861
Pediatric IBS symptom relief includes improved bowel function/laxation.
- Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial
PubMed ID: 28821315
Increased bowel movement frequency and normal stool % in people with unsatisfactory bowel habits indicates cleansing action.
- Randomised clinical trial: mixed soluble/insoluble fibre vs. psyllium for chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 27125883
Chronic constipation trial doubled CSBMs and improved stool form—consistent with mild, regularizing cleansing.
- Psyllium fiber vs. placebo in early treatment after STARR for obstructed defecation: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
PubMed ID: 26325116
Postoperative reduction in constipation scores and urgency suggests a mild cleansing/regularizing effect.
Metabolism (12)
- Sex and hormonal status influence plasma lipid responses to psyllium
PubMed ID: 11566640
Psyllium affected lipids and lipoprotein enzymes, indicating metabolic effects.
- Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients
PubMed ID: 16154305
5.1 g twice daily improved fasting glucose and HbA1c vs placebo in T2DM outpatients.
- Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 16670695
Psyllium at breakfast acutely reduced post-breakfast glucose and insulin excursions in T2DM.
- Soluble fibers from psyllium improve glycemic response and body weight among diabetes type 2 patients (randomized control trial)
PubMed ID: 27733151
T2D RCT (10.5 g/day) produced large decreases in fasting glucose, HbA1c and weight—strong metabolic benefit.
- Effect on Insulin, Glucose and Lipids in Overweight/Obese Australian Adults of 12 Months Consumption of Two Different Fibre Supplements in a Randomised Trial
PubMed ID: 28146065
Overweight/obese 12-month trial showed reductions in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR at 3 months with psyllium.
- Efficacy of psyllium in reducing serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients on high- or low-fat diets
PubMed ID: 8363164
Psyllium modestly lowered LDL/total cholesterol—relevant to metabolic/cardiometabolic risk.
- The effects of psyllium on lipoproteins in type II diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 19623196
T2D trial showed triglyceride drop and glycemic markers fell in both groups — moderate metabolic signal.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
Strong RCT in T2D: improvements in weight, FPG, HbA1c and lipids — robust metabolic support.
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Constipated adults with T2D: psyllium improved glycemia, weight and lipids vs placebo.
- The Impact of Glucomannan, Inulin, and Psyllium Supplementation (Soloways(TM)) on Weight Loss in Adults with FTO, LEP, LEPR, and MC4R Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38398881
Multi-fiber supplement (psyllium+glucomannan+inulin) produced significant weight/fat loss and appetite suppression — metabolic benefits though multi-ingredient.
- Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes
PubMed ID: 9747644
15 g/day psyllium in T2DM improved fasting glucose and lipid profile (placebo-controlled trial).
- Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 10500014
Improved postprandial glucose and reduced total/LDL cholesterol in T2DM men.
Blood sugar (9)
- Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
PubMed ID: 16670695
Psyllium-containing breakfast reduced post-breakfast glucose and insulin excursions in T2DM (acute effect).
- Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients
PubMed ID: 16154305
5.1 g twice daily for 8 weeks improved fasting glucose and HbA1c vs placebo in T2DM.
- Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 10500014
Psyllium improved postprandial glucose peaks and all-day postprandial glucose in men with T2DM.
- Soluble fibers from psyllium improve glycemic response and body weight among diabetes type 2 patients (randomized control trial)
PubMed ID: 27733151
T2D RCT produced large, clinically meaningful reductions in fasting glucose and HbA1c with psyllium.
- Short-Term Supplementation of a Moderate Carbohydrate Diet with Psyllium Reduces Fasting Plasma Insulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed ID: 28956658
Short 2-week T2D study found reductions in fasting insulin and improved HOMA-IR—supportive of glycemic benefit.
- The effects of psyllium on lipoproteins in type II diabetic patients
PubMed ID: 19623196
T2D RCT reported falls in glycemic markers (HbA1c, fasting glucose) though both groups improved.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
Strong RCT in T2D showed significant reductions in FPG and HbA1c vs placebo.
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Constipated adults with T2D: psyllium improved FPG and HbA1c vs placebo.
- Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes
PubMed ID: 9747644
15 g/day psyllium in T2DM produced significant improvements in fasting glucose and lipid profile.
Bloating & gas (6)
- Psyllium Fiber Reduces Abdominal Pain in Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
PubMed ID: 27080737
Pediatric IBS study reduced abdominal pain episodes (often associated with bloating).
- Gastrointestinal side effects of orlistat may be prevented by concomitant prescription of natural fibers (psyllium mucilloid)
PubMed ID: 11443512
Psyllium markedly reduced overall orlistat-related GI events, including flatulence in that trial.
- Efficacy of Oral Psyllium in Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial
PubMed ID: 36136861
Pediatric IBS RCT produced large symptomatic improvements (includes bloating in IBS measures).
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
T2D + chronic constipation RCT improved bowel symptoms and comfort, likely reducing bloating.
- A randomised, placebo-controlled trial in healthy humans of modified cellulose or psyllium evaluating the role of gelation in altering colonic gas production during inulin co-administration
PubMed ID: 41636227
Demonstrated reduction in early breath hydrogen AUC and delayed time-to-peak hydrogen—clear physiologic reduction in early colonic gas.
- Soluble or insoluble fibre in irritable bowel syndrome in primary care? Randomised placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 19713235
IBS trial showed reduced symptom severity/relief, consistent with less bloating in responders.
Gut health (4)
- Effects of dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms and roles of gut microbiota: a double-blinded randomized placebo trial
PubMed ID: 37078654
Fiber interventions including psyllium altered gut microbiota alongside stool improvements in a large RCT—supports prebiotic/microbiome effects.
- The effects of psyllium husk on gut microbiota composition and function in chronically constipated women of reproductive age using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis
PubMed ID: 34081625
Randomized placebo-controlled trial demonstrated increases in Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium with psyllium.
- Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Spanish Group for the Study of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU)
PubMed ID: 10022641
Psyllium (Plantago ovata) maintained remission in UC similarly to mesalamine and increased fecal butyrate — supports beneficial fermentation effects.
- A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of synbiotic versus probiotic or prebiotic treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis
PubMed ID: 19201576
Psyllium as the prebiotic arm of a synbiotic improved some bowel function and inflammation markers—supports microbiome-related effects.
Weight management (4)
- The Impact of Glucomannan, Inulin, and Psyllium Supplementation (Soloways(TM)) on Weight Loss in Adults with FTO, LEP, LEPR, and MC4R Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38398881
Large RCT of psyllium+glucomannan+inulin produced ~7.3% weight loss and marked fat-mass reductions versus placebo (multi-fiber product).
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Psyllium reduced weight vs placebo in constipated T2D adults, though flaxseed performed better.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
RCT showed a significant ~2.0 kg weight reduction vs placebo — strong evidence for weight-sparing effect.
- Soluble fibers from psyllium improve glycemic response and body weight among diabetes type 2 patients (randomized control trial)
PubMed ID: 27733151
T2D RCT showed a clinically meaningful weight loss (~2.7 kg) with psyllium over 10 weeks.
Appetite suppression (3)
- The Impact of Glucomannan, Inulin, and Psyllium Supplementation (Soloways(TM)) on Weight Loss in Adults with FTO, LEP, LEPR, and MC4R Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38398881
Randomized double-blind trial of a psyllium-containing multi-fiber blend showed significant appetite suppression versus placebo.
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Weight and glycemic improvements suggest possible appetite modulation.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
Weight loss in RCT suggests possible appetite/satiety effects contributing to weight change.
Satiety (3)
- Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes
PubMed ID: 30661699
Weight/glycemic improvements imply possible increased satiety.
- The Impact of Glucomannan, Inulin, and Psyllium Supplementation (Soloways(TM)) on Weight Loss in Adults with FTO, LEP, LEPR, and MC4R Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 38398881
Appetite suppression and greater postprandial satiety reported with a psyllium-containing multi-fiber supplement.
- Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation
PubMed ID: 30219432
Weight loss observed in RCT suggests satiety/increased fullness may have contributed.
Similar by evidence
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Products with Psyllium
Search all402 products whose verified label declares Psyllium — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.