Bergamot
15 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from research
17 study groups in 8 studies say how much Bergamot participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 500 mg to 1 g, 41% of 17 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 4 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 4 |
| 500 mg to 1 g | 7 |
| 1 g to 2.5 g | 2 |
Benefit Evidence
Research sources
Cholesterol (10)
- Three-arm, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating the metabolic effect of a combined nutraceutical containing a bergamot standardized flavonoid extract in dyslipidemic overweight subjects
PubMed ID: 31225673
Double‑blind RCT of bergamot‑containing nutraceutical lowered LDL and TG vs placebo.
- Bergamot polyphenolic fraction enhances rosuvastatin-induced effect on LDL-cholesterol, LOX-1 expression and protein kinase B phosphorylation in patients with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 24239156
BPF potentiated rosuvastatin's LDL‑lowering and reduced oxidative vascular markers in an RCT.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Dry Artichoke and Bergamot Extracts on Metabolic and Vascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Suboptimal Cholesterol Levels
PubMed ID: 38892519
Artichoke+bergamot RCT reduced LDL and TG vs placebo.
- Atherogenic Index Reduction and Weight Loss in Metabolic Syndrome Patients Treated with A Novel Pectin-Enriched Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenols
PubMed ID: 31167512
Pectin‑enriched bergamot RCT produced large, dose‑dependent LDL and TG reductions—strongest single direct evidence.
- Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 30501605
BPF double‑blind RCT in T2D improved LDL, TG and increased HDL.
- Hypolipemic and hypoglycaemic activity of bergamot polyphenols: from animal models to human studies
PubMed ID: 21056640
Open‑label patient series and animal work showed reductions in total/LDL cholesterol and TG after BPF (non‑randomized).
- Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn(®) Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study
PubMed ID: 35631240
Bergamot phytosome RCT showed significant LDL decrease vs placebo.
- Artichoke and Bergamot Phytosome Alliance: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial in Mild Hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 35010984
Bergamot+artichoke phytosome reduced TC and LDL and raised HDL in RCT.
- Effect of Citrus bergamia extract on lipid profile: A combined in vitro and human study
PubMed ID: 37312672
Placebo‑controlled 12‑week bergamot extract trial showed significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL — strong direct evidence for cholesterol benefits.
- Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33188552
Bergamot phytosome RCT improved total cholesterol and LDL rapidly.
Heart health (8)
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Dry Artichoke and Bergamot Extracts on Metabolic and Vascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Suboptimal Cholesterol Levels
PubMed ID: 38892519
Artichoke+bergamot reduced LDL and TG and lowered hs‑CRP—favors heart risk reduction.
- Effect of Citrus bergamia extract on lipid profile: A combined in vitro and human study
PubMed ID: 37312672
12‑week bergamot extract trial produced clinically relevant reductions in total cholesterol/LDL/triglycerides, supporting cardiovascular risk reduction potential.
- Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33188552
Phytosome reduced visceral fat and improved cholesterol—relevant to cardiac risk profile.
- Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 30501605
BPF improved glucose and lipids in T2D with mixed hyperlipidemia—cardio‑metabolic relevance.
- Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn(®) Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study
PubMed ID: 35631240
Bergamot phytosome improved LDL, hs‑CRP and endothelial function—direct vascular/heart relevance.
- Artichoke and Bergamot Phytosome Alliance: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial in Mild Hypercholesterolemia
PubMed ID: 35010984
Bergamot+artichoke improved TC/LDL/HDL—supports cardiovascular risk reduction.
- Three-arm, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating the metabolic effect of a combined nutraceutical containing a bergamot standardized flavonoid extract in dyslipidemic overweight subjects
PubMed ID: 31225673
Bergamot‑containing nutraceutical lowered TG and LDL in overweight dyslipidemia—cardiometabolic benefit.
- Bergamot polyphenolic fraction enhances rosuvastatin-induced effect on LDL-cholesterol, LOX-1 expression and protein kinase B phosphorylation in patients with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 24239156
BPF added to rosuvastatin improved LDL and reduced oxidative vascular damage markers—cardio‑relevant.
Mood balance (7)
- Relieving psychological stress and improving sleep quality by bergamot essential oil use before bedtime and upon awakening: A randomized crossover trial
PubMed ID: 37625623
Randomized crossover inhalation study showed significant reductions in depression scores (DASS‑21) and improved mood in students.
- Trial of Essential Oils to Improve Sleep for Patients in Cardiac Rehabilitation
PubMed ID: 31556690
Essential‑oil blend including bergamot improved sleep quality in cardiac rehab patients—sleep improvement often accompanies mood benefits.
- Effectiveness of Aromatherapy Massage and Inhalation on Symptoms of Depression in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29565630
Randomized trial of aromatherapy blend including bergamot reduced depressive symptoms and increased serotonin in older adults.
- The impact of aromatherapy with Citrus bergamia- Lavandula angustifolia essential oil and/or mindfulness-based therapy on postmenopausal health: A factorial randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40378898
Combined lavender+bergamot aromatherapy modestly improved menopausal symptom scores including anxiety subscore — supports mood benefits when used in aromatherapy.
- The effect of aromatherapy intervention with Bergamot and Grapefruit essential oils on premenstrual syndrome and menstrual symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40312670
Bergamot inhalation reduced overall premenstrual symptom severity, which includes mood components.
- The effect of lavender and bergamot oil applied via inhalation on the anxiety level and sleep quality of surgical intensive care unit patients
PubMed ID: 38490827
ICU inhalation RCT showed reduced anxiety and improved sleep — relevant to mood/anxiety support in acute care settings.
- The Effect of Bergamot Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Improving Depressive Mood and Sleep Quality in Postpartum Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34690334
Postpartum women exposed to bergamot aromatherapy reported less depressive mood vs control in RCT.
Blood sugar (5)
- Hypolipemic and hypoglycaemic activity of bergamot polyphenols: from animal models to human studies
PubMed ID: 21056640
Open‑label series reported decreased blood glucose after 30 days of BPF (non‑randomized).
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 35986358
Multi‑ingredient nutraceutical including bergamot reduced HOMA‑IR and liver fat in fatty‑liver patients—improves insulin resistance markers.
- Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33188552
Improvements in visceral fat and metabolic profile imply benefit to glycemic control though direct glucose measures not primary.
- Atherogenic Index Reduction and Weight Loss in Metabolic Syndrome Patients Treated with A Novel Pectin-Enriched Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenols
PubMed ID: 31167512
Pectin‑enriched bergamot RCT in metabolic syndrome produced improvements in lipids and glucose (dose‑dependent).
- Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 30501605
Double‑blind RCT in T2D showed significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose with BPF.
Metabolism (5)
- Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33188552
Phytosome reduced visceral fat and improved lipids rapidly—benefits metabolic risk profile.
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 35986358
Multi‑ingredient RCT reduced liver fat and HOMA‑IR in fatty‑liver patients, indicating improved metabolic parameters.
- Hypolipemic and hypoglycaemic activity of bergamot polyphenols: from animal models to human studies
PubMed ID: 21056640
Open‑label series show lipid and glucose improvements—supportive but non‑randomized.
- Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 30501605
BPF RCT in T2D improved glycaemia and lipids—direct metabolic benefits.
- Atherogenic Index Reduction and Weight Loss in Metabolic Syndrome Patients Treated with A Novel Pectin-Enriched Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenols
PubMed ID: 31167512
Strong RCT in metabolic‑syndrome patients showing large LDL/TG and weight reductions—supports metabolic rebalancing.
Vascular health (4)
- Bergamot polyphenolic fraction enhances rosuvastatin-induced effect on LDL-cholesterol, LOX-1 expression and protein kinase B phosphorylation in patients with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 24239156
Reduced LOX‑1 expression and oxidative vascular markers with BPF support vascular protective effects.
- Effect of Citrus bergamia extract on lipid profile: A combined in vitro and human study
PubMed ID: 37312672
Significant improvements in atherogenic lipids (LDL, triglycerides) support potential vascular health benefit, though direct vascular endpoints were not measured.
- Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn(®) Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study
PubMed ID: 35631240
Improved endothelial reactivity and reduced inflammation in RCT indicates direct vascular health benefits.
- The Antioxidant Power of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction Gold Potentiates the Effects of L-Citrulline in Athlete Performance and Vasodilation in a Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 40218864
Marked increases in NO and RHI in cyclists with bergamot + L‑citrulline indicate improved vascular function.
Weight management (4)
- A 13-week low glycemic load diet and lifestyle modification program combining low glycemic load protein shakes and targeted nutraceuticals improved weight loss and cardio-metabolic risk factors
PubMed ID: 28800398
Lifestyle program plus targeted nutraceuticals including bergamot produced greater weight loss than diet alone (pilot, open‑label/multi‑ingredient).
- Atherogenic Index Reduction and Weight Loss in Metabolic Syndrome Patients Treated with A Novel Pectin-Enriched Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenols
PubMed ID: 31167512
Pectin‑enriched bergamot led to notable dose‑dependent weight/BMI reductions in a randomized trial.
- Randomized Clinical Trial: Bergamot Citrus and Wild Cardoon Reduce Liver Steatosis and Body Weight in Non-diabetic Individuals Aged Over 50 Years
PubMed ID: 32849284
Bergamot + wild‑cardoon trial produced greater weight loss vs placebo over 12 weeks.
- Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial
PubMed ID: 33188552
Phytosome reduced visceral adipose tissue and weight early during 12‑week RCT.
Stress resilience (4)
- [The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension]
PubMed ID: 17211115
Daily inhalation of a blend including bergamot lowered BP, cortisol and state anxiety in hypertensives—supports stress resilience (blend).
- The effect of lavender and bergamot oil applied via inhalation on the anxiety level and sleep quality of surgical intensive care unit patients
PubMed ID: 38490827
ICU RCT: brief bergamot inhalation substantially reduced anxiety and improved sleep quality — clear short‑term stress/anxiety benefit.
- The Effect of Bergamot Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Improving Depressive Mood and Sleep Quality in Postpartum Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 34690334
Postpartum bergamot aromatherapy reduced depressive mood—implies improved stress resilience.
- Effectiveness of Aromatherapy Massage and Inhalation on Symptoms of Depression in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults
PubMed ID: 29565630
Aromatherapy mix including bergamot reduced depressive symptoms and raised serotonin in older adults—may aid stress coping.
Liver support (3)
- Randomized Clinical Trial: Bergamot Citrus and Wild Cardoon Reduce Liver Steatosis and Body Weight in Non-diabetic Individuals Aged Over 50 Years
PubMed ID: 32849284
Bergamot + wild‑cardoon RCT in non‑diabetic adults reduced liver fat (CAP) and produced greater weight loss vs placebo.
- Citrus Bergamia and Cynara Cardunculus Reduce Serum Uric Acid in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed ID: 36556930
NAFLD trial of bergamot+artichoke produced modest uric acid lowering and modest extra weight loss—secondary evidence for liver benefit.
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed ID: 35986358
Large RCT in fatty‑liver patients with a nutraceutical including bergamot produced meaningful CAP (liver fat) reductions and steatosis improvement.
Blood circulation (3)
- Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn(®) Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study
PubMed ID: 35631240
Endothelial reactivity improved in bergamot phytosome RCT—direct evidence of improved vascular function.
- The Antioxidant Power of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction Gold Potentiates the Effects of L-Citrulline in Athlete Performance and Vasodilation in a Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 40218864
Pilot study in cyclists: bergamot polyphenols + L‑citrulline markedly increased NO and RHI and improved VO2max—strong direct evidence for circulation/vasodilation (combination product).
- Bergamot polyphenolic fraction enhances rosuvastatin-induced effect on LDL-cholesterol, LOX-1 expression and protein kinase B phosphorylation in patients with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 24239156
Reduction in oxidative vascular damage markers and LOX‑1 suggest improved vascular health and function.
Inflammation (2)
- Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn(®) Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study
PubMed ID: 35631240
Significant reductions in hs‑CRP in bergamot phytosome RCT indicate anti‑inflammatory activity.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Dry Artichoke and Bergamot Extracts on Metabolic and Vascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Suboptimal Cholesterol Levels
PubMed ID: 38892519
Artichoke+bergamot lowered hs‑CRP and lipids in RCT—supports inflammation reduction.
Energy & Fatigue (2)
- The Antioxidant Power of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction Gold Potentiates the Effects of L-Citrulline in Athlete Performance and Vasodilation in a Pilot Study
PubMed ID: 40218864
Combination with L‑citrulline improved VO2max and exercise performance in cyclists—translates to improved exercise capacity/energy during exertion.
- Relieving psychological stress and improving sleep quality by bergamot essential oil use before bedtime and upon awakening: A randomized crossover trial
PubMed ID: 37625623
Study reported improved morning sleepiness and longer sleep duration after bergamot inhalation, implying better morning energy/alertness.
Antioxidant (2)
- Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn(®) Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study
PubMed ID: 35631240
Decreases in hs‑CRP and improved endothelial reactivity suggest antioxidant/anti‑oxidative vascular effects with bergamot phytosome.
- Bergamot polyphenolic fraction enhances rosuvastatin-induced effect on LDL-cholesterol, LOX-1 expression and protein kinase B phosphorylation in patients with hyperlipidemia
PubMed ID: 24239156
BPF reduced markers of oxidative vascular damage and LOX‑1 expression—direct antioxidant/vasoprotective signals.
Joint comfort (1)
- The effects of aromatherapy massage in menopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled study
PubMed ID: 38845299
Randomized trial of bergamot aromatherapy massage reduced knee pain and improved function in osteoarthritis — direct clinical signal for joint comfort (massage confounder lowers certainty).
Blood pressure (1)
- [The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension]
PubMed ID: 17211115
Inhalation of a blend including bergamot lowered BP and pulse and decreased cortisol vs control in hypertensive subjects (small RCT with mixed oils).
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Bergamot
Search all34 products whose verified label declares Bergamot — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.