Zeaxanthin
7 benefits mapped to clinical evidence across supplements.
Dose per serving from products
1,586 products in our catalogue print how much Zeaxanthin a serving holds.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 31% of 1,586 products.
| Dose per serving | Products |
|---|---|
| 50 mcg or less | 40 |
| 50 mcg to 100 mcg | 63 |
| 100 mcg to 250 mcg | 73 |
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 166 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 263 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 487 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 362 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 78 |
| over 10 mg | 54 |
Dose per serving from research
81 study groups in 52 studies say how much Zeaxanthin participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 57% of 81 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 500 mcg or less | 4 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 9 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 46 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 7 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 9 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 5 |
| over 25 mg | 1 |
Commonly used together
73 of 81 study groups took Zeaxanthin with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Lutein | 70 |
| Meso-Zeaxanthin | 16 |
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids | 12 |
| Docosahexaenoic Acid | 7 |
| Vitamin C | 7 |
| Vitamin E | 7 |
| Zinc | 6 |
| Astaxanthin | 3 |
| Copper | 3 |
Benefit Evidence
Carotenoids ↑ antioxidant status
Oxidative damage ↓, MPOD ↑
+70% xanthophylls
Research sources
Eye health (47)
- Macular pigment optical density responses to different levels of zeaxanthin in patients with high myopia
PubMed ID: 35044504
Lycium (zeaxanthin‑rich) increased MPOD in high‑myopia patients—direct macular pigment improvement.
- Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2
PubMed ID: 32858063
Prospective AREDS+AREDS2 analysis: higher dietary L+Z associated with lower progression to late AMD.
- Effects of Macuprev(®) Supplementation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Double-Blind Randomized Morpho-Functional Study Along 6 Months of Follow-Up
PubMed ID: 31243641
Multi‑ingredient supplement containing L+Z improved central retinal electrophysiology (mfERG) in intermediate AMD.
- Carotenoids in Age-related Maculopathy Italian Study (CARMIS): two-year results of a randomized study
PubMed ID: 22009916
Multinutrient formula including lutein/zeaxanthin improved contrast sensitivity over 2 years.
- Effects of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Eye-Hand Coordination and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movement after Visual Display Terminal Operation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intergroup Trial
PubMed ID: 36986186
RCT of astaxanthin+lutein+zeaxanthin increased MPOD and improved performance after VDT stress—eye health endpoints improved.
- A European multicentre, placebo-controlled supplementation study with alpha-tocopherol, carotene-rich palm oil, lutein or lycopene: analysis of serum responses
PubMed ID: 11914107
Large RCT-like supplementation showed large serum rises in lutein and doubled zeaxanthin — direct evidence that supplementation reliably increases carotenoids implicated in eye health.
- Secondary analyses of the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin on age-related macular degeneration progression: AREDS2 report No. 3
PubMed ID: 24310343
AREDS2 found modest overall reduction in progression to late AMD (stronger in low dietary intake subgroup), supporting macular protection.
- Antioxidative capacity of a dietary supplement on retinal hemodynamic function in a human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model
PubMed ID: 25525163
Restoration of retinal hemodynamic responses after endotoxin with antioxidant supplementation (including lutein/zeaxanthin) suggests resilience improvement.
- Long-term Outcomes of Adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and ω-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report 28
PubMed ID: 35653117
AREDS2 substitution with lutein/zeaxanthin associated with modestly reduced progression to late AMD—direct macular protection evidence.
- Oral Antioxidant and Lutein/Zeaxanthin Supplements Slow Geographic Atrophy Progression to the Fovea in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
PubMed ID: 39025435
AREDS/AREDS2 reanalysis showed slower geographic‑atrophy spread toward fovea with lutein/zeaxanthin.
- Secondary outcomes in a clinical trial of carotenoids with coantioxidants versus placebo in early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 23218821
Large RCT (lutein/zeaxanthin + coantioxidants) reduced AMD progression and preserved BCVA—strong macular protection evidence.
- Macular xanthophylls and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in age-related macular degeneration: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 23519529
Supplementation raised MPOD and circulating xanthophylls in AMD patients, consistent with macular protection.
- Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Elderberries on Dry Eye Disease (DED) and Immunity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39770987
Short RCT showed large reductions in dry‑eye symptom scores and improved self‑reported ocular health with a supplement containing L+Z.
- Long term effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3-LCPUFAs supplementation on optical density of macular pigment in AMD patients: the LUTEGA study
PubMed ID: 23695657
Randomized trial in nonexudative AMD showed increased MPOD and modest vision stabilization — direct macular protection evidence.
- Goji berry effects on macular characteristics and plasma antioxidant levels
PubMed ID: 21169874
Goji protected macular appearance and raised plasma zeaxanthin—macula‑focused protective outcome.
- Goji Berry Intake Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial
PubMed ID: 34959963
Goji intervention produced measurable increases in MPOD in healthy middle‑aged adults.
- Dose-ranging study of lutein supplementation in persons aged 60 years or older
PubMed ID: 17122107
Dose‑dependent blood increases in older adults — relevant precursor evidence for macular protection though no direct macular outcomes were reported.
- Augmentation of macular pigment following implantation of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses at the time of cataract surgery
PubMed ID: 19628740
Blue‑light filtering IOL increased MPOD over 12 months—macular pigment augmentation relevant to protection.
- Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zeaxanthin and visual function in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration: the Zeaxanthin and Visual Function Study (ZVF) FDA IND #78, 973
PubMed ID: 22027699
Zeaxanthin supplementation increased MPOD and improved foveal measures in early AMD—direct macular benefit.
- Supplementation with all three macular carotenoids: response, stability, and safety
PubMed ID: 21979997
Supplementation raised central MPOD—direct macular pigment augmentation.
- Improvement of retinal function in early age-related macular degeneration after lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 22835510
Lutein ± zeaxanthin raised MPOD and improved mfERG central retinal responses—objective retinal function gains.
- Effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on macular pigment and visual function in patients with early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 22858124
20 mg lutein produced significant contrast‑sensitivity improvements at multiple spatial frequencies after 48 weeks.
- The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance using different carotenoid formulations
PubMed ID: 23132800
Combination including meso‑zeaxanthin increased MPOD and improved visual performance vs placebo—clear ocular benefit.
- Macular carotenoid supplementation in subjects with atypical spatial profiles of macular pigment
PubMed ID: 22652506
Meso‑zeaxanthin inclusion restored a central macular pigment peak in atypical profiles—targeted macular protection.
- Glare disability, photostress recovery, and chromatic contrast: relation to macular pigment and serum lutein and zeaxanthin
PubMed ID: 23211814
Strong cross‑sectional correlations between MPOD and chromatic/contrast measures.
- Serum and macular responses to multiple xanthophyll supplements in patients with early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 23312760
Dose‑dependent rises in serum lutein/zeaxanthin and corresponding MPOD increases in early AMD.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on photostress recovery, glare disability, and chromatic contrast
PubMed ID: 25468896
One‑year RCT raised MPOD and improved photostress recovery and chromatic contrast — direct functional eye benefits.
- Changes following supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin in retinal function in eyes with early age-related macular degeneration: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
PubMed ID: 25228440
Early AMD RCT reported MPOD increases and improved retinal function; direct macular health benefit.
- A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed in young healthy subjects
PubMed ID: 25483230
Healthy young subjects showed increased retinal pigment and improved visual processing speed after 4 months supplementation.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on neural processing speed and efficiency
PubMed ID: 25251377
Four‑month supplementation increased MPOD and modestly improved objective visual processing measures.
- Supplementation with three different macular carotenoid formulations in patients with early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 24887490
12‑month RCT in early AMD showed MPOD increases and measurable contrast sensitivity gains (best with meso‑zeaxanthin blends).
- Macular response to supplementation with differing xanthophyll formulations in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 25311651
Short‑term supplementation raised MPOD and serum MZ with serum–retina correlations — evidence for macular deposition.
- Effect of supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin on serum, macular pigmentation, and visual performance in patients with early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 25815324
Clear, dose‑dependent, sustained contrast sensitivity improvements reported in this well‑powered 2‑year RCT.
- Changes in Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Lutein Concentration in Japanese Subjects Taking Two Different Lutein Supplements
PubMed ID: 26451726
Commercial lutein trial reported modest contrast/glare improvements in responder subjects — direct but subgroup evidence.
- Oral Lutein Supplementation Enhances Macular Pigment Density and Contrast Sensitivity but Not in Combination With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
PubMed ID: 26720458
Lutein alone raised serum/MPOD and contrast sensitivity; adding PUFA attenuated benefits — supports link to visual clarity.
- The impact of supplemental macular carotenoids in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 25408222
6‑month randomized trial in AD patients and controls: blood and retinal pigment rises with improved visual function.
- Sustained supplementation and monitored response with differing carotenoid formulations in early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 25976647
3‑year supplementation with meso‑zeaxanthin increased MPOD in early AMD — sustained macular pigment augmentation.
- The effect of nutritional supplementation on the multifocal electroretinogram in healthy eyes
PubMed ID: 26988845
Lutein supplementation in healthy adults raised MPOD and produced small mfERG latency shortening — functional retinal evidence.
- Effects of a Lutein and Zeaxanthin Intervention on Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Younger Healthy Adults
PubMed ID: 29135938
Year‑long L+Z increased retinal and serum xanthophylls and improved visual memory and some cognitive attention/reasoning measures, linking retinal enrichment to function.
- Contrast Sensitivity and Lateral Inhibition Are Enhanced With Macular Carotenoid Supplementation
PubMed ID: 28431432
RCT showed increased MPOD with macular carotenoids—a direct macular protection marker.
- The Impact of Supplemental Antioxidants on Visual Function in Nonadvanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Head-to-Head Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29053808
Nonadvanced AMD RCT reported improved contrast sensitivity and multiple visual function measures with carotenoid/antioxidant supplementation.
- Visual Function and Macular Carotenoid Changes in Eyes with Retinal Drusen-An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare a Micronized Lipid-Based Carotenoid Liquid Supplementation and AREDS-2 Formula
PubMed ID: 33114566
Head‑to‑head trial found clear, clinically meaningful contrast‑sensitivity improvements with micronized carotenoids.
- Night Vision and Carotenoids (NVC): A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial on Effects of Carotenoid Supplementation on Night Vision in Older Adults
PubMed ID: 34579067
Direct RCT evidence: marked improvement in glare recovery times after 6 months of L+Z supplementation.
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation Improves Dynamic Visual and Cognitive Performance in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 38363462
Children given L+Z gummies showed ≈25% MPOD increases over 6 months.
- Beneficial Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation in Restoring the Altered Microbiota and Gut-Retina Axis in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration-A Randomized Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 39599758
Micronutrient adjunct to anti‑VEGF produced improved BCVA in new wet AMD patients.
- Pistachio Consumption Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39426460
Pistachio RCT increased MPOD objectively over 12 weeks.
- Retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography in early atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and a new metric for objective evaluation of the efficacy of ocular nutrition
PubMed ID: 23363992
Observed correlation between retinal thinning and contrast sensitivity suggests interventions that preserve structure (e.g., carotenoids) could preserve clarity.
Healthy aging (11)
- Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Combination with Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 37447152
Combined LCPUFA+L/Z improved episodic memory in older adults with baseline decline—supports aspects of cognitive aging in a subgroup.
- Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2
PubMed ID: 32858063
Higher dietary L+Z associated with reduced progression to late AMD—relevant to age‑related eye health.
- Plasma and dietary carotenoids are associated with reduced oxidative stress in women previously treated for breast cancer
PubMed ID: 17932348
Lower oxidative DNA-damage markers associated with higher plasma carotenoids—plausible aging-related protection signal.
- Long-term Outcomes of Adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and ω-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report 28
PubMed ID: 35653117
AREDS2 long‑term follow‑up supports L+Z as a beneficial substitution with modest AMD prevention—relevant to age‑related ocular aging.
- Oral Antioxidant and Lutein/Zeaxanthin Supplements Slow Geographic Atrophy Progression to the Fovea in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
PubMed ID: 39025435
Slower GA progression and some slowing of vision loss in AREDS reanalysis indicates benefits for age‑related macular degeneration progression.
- Apolipoprotein E ε4-dependent associations between carotenoids and cognitive decline: Findings from the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative delay) randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40876538
Higher baseline carotenoids predicted slower 3‑year cognitive decline in older adults (MIND subanalysis), supporting healthy aging.
- Secondary outcomes in a clinical trial of carotenoids with coantioxidants versus placebo in early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 23218821
Large RCT slowed AMD progression and preserved vision over 3 years—relevant to healthy ocular aging.
- Omega-3 fatty acid, carotenoid and vitamin E supplementation improves working memory in older adults: A randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34999335
Two‑year trial in older adults improved working memory alongside raised carotenoids/ω‑3s.
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin Influence Brain Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28695791
One‑year lutein+zeaxanthin supplementation improved verbal learning and altered fMRI activation in older adults — direct evidence for a cognitive aging benefit.
- Supplemental Retinal Carotenoids Enhance Memory in Healthy Individuals with Low Levels of Macular Pigment in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29332050
L+Z+MZ supplementation improved memory in adults with low baseline MPOD—supports aging cognition.
- Effects of macular xanthophyll supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cognitive performance
PubMed ID: 31425700
6‑month RCT raised BDNF, lowered IL‑1β and improved cognitive measures in young adults—relevant to neuroprotective aging pathways.
Skin health (15)
- Pistachio Consumption Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39426460
Pistachio intake raised serum lutein and MPOD; skin carotenoids plausibly benefit though not primary endpoint.
- Effects of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Eye-Hand Coordination and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movement after Visual Display Terminal Operation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intergroup Trial
PubMed ID: 36986186
MPOD rise after supplementation implies greater macular light attenuation and protection.
- Long-term Outcomes of Adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and ω-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report 28
PubMed ID: 35653117
L+Z increases macular pigment which filters blue light and provides photoprotection; AREDS2 supports clinical macular benefits.
- Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample
PubMed ID: 36804322
Dose‑dependent, randomized trial demonstrated large increases in skin carotenoid scores with carotenoid‑rich juice.
- Zeaxanthin-based dietary supplement and topical serum improve hydration and reduce wrinkle count in female subjects
PubMed ID: 27312122
Randomized study: oral zeaxanthin‑containing supplement + topical serum improved skin hydration and reduced some wrinkle measures vs placebo over 12 weeks.
- Supplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
PubMed ID: 36093704
Combined carotenoid supplement increased blood and skin carotenoids in AD patients.
- Goji Berry Intake Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial
PubMed ID: 34959963
Goji (high‑zeaxanthin) intake increased skin carotenoids in healthy adults over 90 days.
- Glare disability, photostress recovery, and chromatic contrast: relation to macular pigment and serum lutein and zeaxanthin
PubMed ID: 23211814
MPOD correlations with photostress recovery and glare tolerance reflect enhanced protection from intense light.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on photostress recovery, glare disability, and chromatic contrast
PubMed ID: 25468896
Photostress recovery improvements following supplementation indicate better functional light protection.
- Effect of supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin on serum, macular pigmentation, and visual performance in patients with early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 25815324
Large RCT MPOD increases imply enhanced macular pigment-mediated protection against photic/short‑wavelength damage.
- Sustained supplementation and monitored response with differing carotenoid formulations in early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 25976647
Sustained MPOD augmentation over 3 years with formulations containing meso‑zeaxanthin supports longer‑term light protection.
- Contrast Sensitivity and Lateral Inhibition Are Enhanced With Macular Carotenoid Supplementation
PubMed ID: 28431432
Increased MPOD from supplementation implies stronger retinal protection against short‑wavelength light.
- Visual Function and Macular Carotenoid Changes in Eyes with Retinal Drusen-An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare a Micronized Lipid-Based Carotenoid Liquid Supplementation and AREDS-2 Formula
PubMed ID: 33114566
Greater MPOD increase suggests enhanced photoprotective filtering of blue/short‑wave light.
- Night Vision and Carotenoids (NVC): A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial on Effects of Carotenoid Supplementation on Night Vision in Older Adults
PubMed ID: 34579067
MPOD rise and improved glare recovery indicate better photoprotection in functional tasks.
- Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1
PubMed ID: 37247819
Prenatal L+Z raised maternal and infant skin carotenoid measures substantially.
Wellbeing (15)
- Fatigue reduction diet in breast cancer survivors: a pilot randomized clinical trial
PubMed ID: 27913933
Dietary program raising serum carotenoids (including Z) substantially reduced fatigue and improved sleep in breast cancer survivors (whole‑diet intervention).
- Pistachio Consumption Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 39426460
Daily pistachios increased serum lutein and MPOD—dietary change with measurable systemic and ocular biomarker improvements.
- Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1
PubMed ID: 37247819
Prenatal L(10)+Z(2) markedly increased maternal and newborn carotenoids and skin scores—clear biomarker evidence of systemic nutritional benefit.
- Supplementation with macular carotenoids reduces psychological stress, serum cortisol, and sub-optimal symptoms of physical and emotional health in young adults
PubMed ID: 28198205
12‑month macular carotenoid supplementation lowered cortisol and self‑reported stress and improved emotional/physical health in young adults.
- Increases in plasma lutein through supplementation are correlated with increases in physical activity and reductions in sedentary time in older adults
PubMed ID: 24594505
Supplementation raised plasma lutein linked to more daily activity and less sedentary time in older adults — general wellness signal.
- Lutein supplementation increases breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations in lactating women and infant plasma concentrations but does not affect other carotenoids
PubMed ID: 24899160
Dose‑response increases in maternal and infant plasma and milk lutein/zeaxanthin indicate nutritional support for mother/infant wellness.
- Gold kiwifruit consumed with an iron-fortified breakfast cereal meal improves iron status in women with low iron stores: a 16-week randomised controlled trial
PubMed ID: 20727238
Kiwifruit combined with iron‑fortified cereal produced clinically meaningful improvement in iron status (multiple‑nutrient benefit).
- Supplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
PubMed ID: 36093704
Combined supplement improved blood/skin carotenoids and showed cognition-related benefits in AD patients—multi‑domain wellness signal.
- Consumption of gold kiwifruit reduces severity and duration of selected upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and increases plasma vitamin C concentration in healthy older adults
PubMed ID: 22172428
Kiwifruit trial improved carotenoids and reduced duration/severity of some URTI symptoms—general wellness effect.
- Apolipoprotein E ε4-dependent associations between carotenoids and cognitive decline: Findings from the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative delay) randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40876538
Higher baseline blood carotenoids (including L/Z) predicted slower cognitive decline—supports a role in long‑term health status.
- Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample
PubMed ID: 36804322
Carotenoid‑rich juice produced dose‑responsive rises in plasma and skin carotenoids across diverse participants—broad wellness biomarker.
- A European multicentre, placebo-controlled supplementation study with alpha-tocopherol, carotene-rich palm oil, lutein or lycopene: analysis of serum responses
PubMed ID: 11914107
Daily lutein supplementation produced large, quantifiable increases in serum lutein and zeaxanthin — supports improved carotenoid status relevant for wellness.
- The effect of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on metabolites of these carotenoids in the serum of persons aged 60 or older
PubMed ID: 17122108
Lutein supplementation in older adults markedly raised serum lutein and modestly raised zeaxanthin (supports improved carotenoid status).
- A Mediterranean dietary intervention in healthy American women changes plasma carotenoids and fatty acids in distinct clusters
PubMed ID: 19358929
Mediterranean diet increased plasma zeaxanthin (+31%) and other carotenoids — indicates dietary pattern benefit for systemic nutrient status.
- Impact of biofortified maize consumption on serum carotenoid concentrations in Zambian children
PubMed ID: 29321687
Large biofortification trial produced sustained increases in serum zeaxanthin, improving micronutrient status.
Brain health (12)
- The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on resting state functional connectivity in older Caucasian adults: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 30680611
1‑year L+Z increased inter‑network brain connectivity on resting‑state fMRI—functional neural effect.
- Neuroprotective nutrients in pregnancy and infant brain function
PubMed ID: 40412614
Maternal L/Z status associated with infant EEG markers suggesting improved early brain function (associative evidence).
- Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Combination with Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Adults
PubMed ID: 37447152
Combined LCPUFA+L/Z supplementation improved episodic, verbal and visual memory in older adults with baseline cognitive decline (RCT subgroup evidence).
- Apolipoprotein E ε4-dependent associations between carotenoids and cognitive decline: Findings from the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative delay) randomized controlled trial
PubMed ID: 40876538
MIND trial subanalysis: higher baseline carotenoids (including L+Z) predicted slower 3‑year cognitive decline especially in APOE ε4 carriers.
- Omega-3 fatty acid, carotenoid and vitamin E supplementation improves working memory in older adults: A randomised clinical trial
PubMed ID: 34999335
Two‑year RCT (L+MZ+ω‑3) improved working memory alongside carotenoid and ω‑3 increases.
- Supplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
PubMed ID: 36093704
Combined carotenoid/omega‑3/E supplement in mild–moderate AD improved some memory‑related scores alongside biomarker increases.
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin Influence Brain Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
PubMed ID: 28695791
One‑year lutein+zeaxanthin supplementation improved verbal learning and altered fMRI activation in older adults (randomized trial) — direct evidence for cognitive benefit.
- Effects of a Lutein and Zeaxanthin Intervention on Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Younger Healthy Adults
PubMed ID: 29135938
Year‑long RCT in healthy young adults: retinal and serum xanthophyll rises accompanied by improvements in visual memory and some attention/reasoning domains.
- Supplemental Retinal Carotenoids Enhance Memory in Healthy Individuals with Low Levels of Macular Pigment in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
PubMed ID: 29332050
12‑month RCT of L+Z+MZ improved memory performance correlated with MPOD and serum increases.
- Effects of macular xanthophyll supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cognitive performance
PubMed ID: 31425700
6‑month RCT raised BDNF, lowered IL‑1β and improved memory/processing speed in healthy adults.
- Higher circulating α-carotene was associated with better cognitive function: an evaluation among the MIND trial participants
PubMed ID: 34527222
Cross‑sectional association between higher blood L+Z and better semantic memory (observational within RCT cohort).
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation Improves Dynamic Visual and Cognitive Performance in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study
PubMed ID: 38363462
Children's randomized trial: L+Z gummies raised MPOD/serum carotenoids and improved attention, memory and processing speed.
Antioxidant (10)
- Plasma carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
PubMed ID: 26165176
Higher plasma carotenoids/tocopherols associated with lower PSA and higher antioxidant score — indirect human evidence of antioxidant relevance.
- Plasma and dietary carotenoids are associated with reduced oxidative stress in women previously treated for breast cancer
PubMed ID: 17932348
Higher blood lutein/zeaxanthin associated with lower oxidative DNA damage in humans (strong observational evidence).
- Lack of a Synergistic Effect on Cardiometabolic and Redox Markers in a Dietary Supplementation with Anthocyanins and Xanthophylls in Postmenopausal Women
PubMed ID: 31284490
Randomized trial showed increases in plasma antioxidant capacity with xanthophyll supplementation.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on photostress recovery, glare disability, and chromatic contrast
PubMed ID: 25468896
One‑year lutein+zeaxanthin increased blood and MPOD and improved functional endpoints; supports antioxidant activity at tissue level.
- Serum and macular responses to multiple xanthophyll supplements in patients with early age-related macular degeneration
PubMed ID: 23312760
Dose‑dependent increases in serum xanthophylls and MPOD indicate stronger antioxidant presence in retina.
- Goji berry effects on macular characteristics and plasma antioxidant levels
PubMed ID: 21169874
Goji trial showed +57% total antioxidant capacity with plasma zeaxanthin rise—direct antioxidant outcome.
- Long term effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3-LCPUFAs supplementation on optical density of macular pigment in AMD patients: the LUTEGA study
PubMed ID: 23695657
1‑year supplementation increased macular pigment and stabilized vision; MPOD increases imply antioxidant retinal protection.
- Macular xanthophylls and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in age-related macular degeneration: a randomized trial
PubMed ID: 23519529
Trial showed increased plasma antioxidant capacity with lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation in non‑exudative AMD.
- [Metabolic estimation of efficiency of vitamin and mineral complexes in qualified athletes]
PubMed ID: 33740332
Antioxidant complex raised SOD activity and lowered 8‑isoprostane (oxidative stress marker) alongside raised L/Z.
- Effect of increasing fruit and vegetable intake by dietary intervention on nutritional biomarkers and attitudes to dietary change: a randomised trial
PubMed ID: 28560503
12‑week fruit/veg provision greatly raised plasma lutein/zeaxanthin and vitamin C — biomarker evidence of increased antioxidant status.
Vascular health (1)
- Antioxidative capacity of a dietary supplement on retinal hemodynamic function in a human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model
PubMed ID: 25525163
Antioxidant supplement including lutein/zeaxanthin reversed endotoxin‑induced impairment of retinal hemodynamic responses.
Similar by evidence
Supplements the same benefits carry qualifying findings for — a fact about the evidence graph, not a recommendation to swap.
Products with Zeaxanthin
Search all2413 products whose verified label declares Zeaxanthin — not every bottle that mentions it in a title.
Being studied right now
Recruiting clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial in progress has no result yet — this is what the field is asking, not what it found.