| Vitamin K supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (ECKO trial): a randomized controlled trial 2008 · vitamin K group · Postmenopausal women with osteopenia; mean age 59 years, range 40–82 | 5 mg | 1.5 g | 4 years | 217 |
| Menatetrenone versus alfacalcidol in the treatment of Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, positive drug-controlled clinical trial 2014 · Group M (menatetrenone) · Women aged 45–75 years, postmenopausal for at least 5 years, with osteoporosis | 45 mg | 500 mg | 1 year | 118 |
| Vitamin K supplement along with vitamin D and calcium reduced serum concentration of undercarboxylated osteocalcin while increasing bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women over sixty-years-old 2011 · treatment group (vitamin K) · Postmenopausal Korean women over 60 years old | 45 mg | 630 mg | 26 weeks | 40 |
| Vitamin K2 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia 2006 · vitamin K2 group · Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis | 45 mg | 1.5 g | 48 weeks | 33 |
| Possible site-specific effect of an intervention combining nutrition and lifestyle counselling with consumption of fortified dairy products on bone mass: the Postmenopausal Health Study II 2011 · CaDK1 group · Postmenopausal women | 100 mcg | 800 mg | 1 year | 26 |
| Possible site-specific effect of an intervention combining nutrition and lifestyle counselling with consumption of fortified dairy products on bone mass: the Postmenopausal Health Study II 2011 · CaDK2 group · Postmenopausal women | 100 mcg | 800 mg | 1 year | 24 |
| Two-year randomized controlled trial of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin D3 plus calcium on the bone health of older women 2007 · combined vitamins K1 and D3 plus calcium · Healthy, nonosteoporotic Scottish women aged 60 years or older | 200 mcg | 1 g | 2 years | — |
| The effect of vitamin MK-7 on bone mineral density and microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a 3-year randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial 2021 · vitamin K2 (MK-7) group · Postmenopausal women with osteopenia | 375 mcg | 800 mg | 1096 days | — |
| Effect of a combination of genistein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins D3 and K1 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study 2013 · geniVida bone blend (GBB) · Healthy postmenopausal women aged 45–55 years, 1–3 years since their last spontaneous menstrual bleeding | 150 mcg | 500 mg | 26 weeks | 31 |
| Vitamin K1 supplementation retards bone loss in postmenopausal women between 50 and 60 years of age 2003 · MDK group · Healthy postmenopausal women aged 50–60 years | 1 mg | — | 3 years | — |
| Effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation for 12 months on the indices of vitamin K status and bone health in adult patients with Crohn's disease 2014 · 1000 μg vitamin K/d plus calcium and vitamin D3 group (main RCT) · Adults with Crohn's disease, currently in remission | 1 mg | 500 mg | 1 year | 43 |
| Assessment of vitamin A, vitamin B(2), vitamin B(12), vitamin K, folate, and choline status following 4 months of multinutrient supplementation in healthy vegans: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 2025 · INT (intervention group; standard and double omega-3 dosage subgroups) · Healthy adults aged 18 years or older who had followed a vegan diet for at least 1 year; no diagnosed vitamin or mineral deficiency | 50 mcg | 120 mg | 120 days | 35 |
| The effects of vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD 2016 · vitamin D, vitamin K and calcium supplements · Overweight patients with type 2 diabetes and CHD; age and sex not specified | 180 mcg | 1 g | 12 weeks | 33 |
| Reduced bone resorption by intake of dietary vitamin D and K from tailor-made Atlantic salmon: A randomized intervention trial 2016 · HD/HK · Postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years | 23.1 mcg | 1 g | 12 weeks | 31 |
| Reduced bone resorption by intake of dietary vitamin D and K from tailor-made Atlantic salmon: A randomized intervention trial 2016 · HD/LK · Postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years | 1.37 mcg | 1 g | 12 weeks | 31 |
| The Effects of Vitamin D-K-Calcium Co-Supplementation on Endocrine, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial 2016 · vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation group · Vitamin D-deficient women aged 18–40 years with polycystic ovary syndrome | 180 mcg | 1 g | 8 weeks | 30 |
| Reduced bone resorption by intake of dietary vitamin D and K from tailor-made Atlantic salmon: A randomized intervention trial 2016 · LD/HK · Postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years | 23.1 mcg | 1 g | 12 weeks | 30 |
| The Effects of Calcium, Vitamins D and K co-Supplementation on Markers of Insulin Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2017 · calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K group · Women aged 18–40 years with vitamin D deficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome | 180 mcg | 1 g | 8 weeks | 28 |
| Vitamin K(2) (menaquinone 4) reduces serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin level as early as 2 weeks in elderly women with established osteoporosis 2003 · MK(4) group · Elderly women with established osteoporosis and vertebral fractures | 45 mg | — | 2 weeks | — |
| Effect of calcium, vitamins K1 and D3 on bone in galactosemia 2006 · calcium, vitamins K1 and D3 supplementation · Children aged 3–17 years with classical galactosemia | 1 mg | 750 mg | 2 years | — |
| Effect of calcium fortified milk supplementation with or without vitamin K on biochemical markers of bone turnover in premenopausal women 2006 · High calcium skim milk with added phylloquinone · Premenopausal women aged 20 to 35 years | 80 mcg | 1 g | 16 weeks | — |
| Effect of vitamin K supplementation on insulin resistance in older men and women 2008 · Vitamin K–treated group · Men and postmenopausal women aged 60–80 without diabetes | 500 mcg | 600 mg | 3 years | — |
| Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) increases plasma adiponectin but does not affect insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial 2021 · MK-7 group · Postmenopausal women; the abstract describes them as healthy | 375 mcg | 800 mg | 1 year | — |
| Osteocalcin carboxylation is not associated with body weight or percent fat changes during weight loss in post-menopausal women 2015 · Caloric restriction-only group (CR) · Sedentary post-menopausal women aged 50–70 years with overweight or obesity (BMI 25–40 kg/m²) | 80 mcg | 1 g | 20 weeks | — |
| Osteocalcin carboxylation is not associated with body weight or percent fat changes during weight loss in post-menopausal women 2015 · Moderate-intensity exercise group · Sedentary post-menopausal women aged 50–70 years with overweight or obesity (BMI 25–40 kg/m²) | 80 mcg | 1 g | 20 weeks | — |
| Osteocalcin carboxylation is not associated with body weight or percent fat changes during weight loss in post-menopausal women 2015 · Vigorous-intensity exercise group · Sedentary post-menopausal women aged 50–70 years with overweight or obesity (BMI 25–40 kg/m²) | 80 mcg | 1 g | 20 weeks | — |
