| Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal 2003 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women in rural Nepal | 64 mcg | 10 mcg | — | — |
| Vitamins K2 and D3 Improve Long COVID, Fungal Translocation, and Inflammation: Randomized Controlled Trial 2025 · vitamin K2/D3 arm · Adults aged 18 years or older with at least two moderate-intensity long COVID symptoms persisting for at least three months after COVID-19 infection | 240 mcg | 2,000 IU | 24 weeks | 98 |
| Comparison of cheese with and without Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle strength and VO(2) max development in Nordic skiers: a randomized clinical trial 2025 · Jarlsberg group — female participants · Female cross-country and biathlon skiers aged 17–27 | 64 mcg | 40 mcg | 24 weeks | 15 |
| Comparison of cheese with and without Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle strength and VO(2) max development in Nordic skiers: a randomized clinical trial 2025 · Norvegia group — male participants · Male cross-country and biathlon skiers aged 18–25 | 40 mcg | 40 mcg | 24 weeks | 15 |
| Comparison of cheese with and without Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle strength and VO(2) max development in Nordic skiers: a randomized clinical trial 2025 · Jarlsberg group — male participants · Male cross-country and biathlon skiers aged 18–30 | 77 mcg | 40 mcg | 24 weeks | 14 |
| Comparison of cheese with and without Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle strength and VO(2) max development in Nordic skiers: a randomized clinical trial 2025 · Norvegia group — female participants · Female cross-country and biathlon skiers aged 17–26 | 33 mcg | 40 mcg | 24 weeks | 14 |
| Vitamin K supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (ECKO trial): a randomized controlled trial 2008 · vitamin K group · Postmenopausal women with osteopenia; mean age 59 years, range 40–82 | 5 mg | 800 IU | 4 years | 217 |
| Vitamin K supplement along with vitamin D and calcium reduced serum concentration of undercarboxylated osteocalcin while increasing bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women over sixty-years-old 2011 · treatment group (vitamin K) · Postmenopausal Korean women over 60 years old | 45 mg | 400 IU | 26 weeks | 40 |
| Possible site-specific effect of an intervention combining nutrition and lifestyle counselling with consumption of fortified dairy products on bone mass: the Postmenopausal Health Study II 2011 · CaDK1 group · Postmenopausal women | 100 mcg | 10 mcg | 1 year | 26 |
| Possible site-specific effect of an intervention combining nutrition and lifestyle counselling with consumption of fortified dairy products on bone mass: the Postmenopausal Health Study II 2011 · CaDK2 group · Postmenopausal women | 100 mcg | 10 mcg | 1 year | 24 |
| Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis 2000 · DK group · Postmenopausal women aged 55–81 years with osteoporosis, more than 5 years after menopause | 45 mg | 0.75 mcg | 2 years | 21 |
| Protective effect of vitamins K2 and D3 on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine 2004 · vitamins D3 plus K2 (group D + K) · Patients with chronic glomerulonephritis receiving prednisolone; age and sex distribution for this arm not reported | 45 mg | 0.5 mcg | 8 weeks | 15 |
| Two-year randomized controlled trial of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin D3 plus calcium on the bone health of older women 2007 · combined vitamins K1 and D3 plus calcium · Healthy, nonosteoporotic Scottish women aged 60 years or older | 200 mcg | 10 mcg | 2 years | — |
| The effect of vitamin MK-7 on bone mineral density and microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a 3-year randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial 2021 · vitamin K2 (MK-7) group · Postmenopausal women with osteopenia | 375 mcg | 38 mcg | 1096 days | — |
| Effect of a combination of genistein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins D3 and K1 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study 2013 · geniVida bone blend (GBB) · Healthy postmenopausal women aged 45–55 years, 1–3 years since their last spontaneous menstrual bleeding | 150 mcg | 800 IU | 26 weeks | 31 |
| Vitamin K1 supplementation retards bone loss in postmenopausal women between 50 and 60 years of age 2003 · MDK group · Healthy postmenopausal women aged 50–60 years | 1 mg | — | 3 years | — |
| The Contribution of Lipids to the Interindividual Response of Vitamin K Biomarkers to Vitamin K Supplementation 2019 · treatment group · Men and women aged 60–80 years, generally in good health and free of known coronary disease or osteoporosis | 500 mcg | 10 mcg | 3 years | 229 |
| Effect of vitamin K2 treatment on carboxylation of osteocalcin in early postmenopausal women 2006 · vitamin K2 plus vitamin D3 · Postmenopausal women, mean age 53, with osteopenia or osteoporosis and BMD below 0.809 g/cm2 | 45 mg | 0.75 mcg | 2 years | 17 |
| Vitamin D(3) and vitamin K(1) supplementation of Dutch postmenopausal women with normal and low bone mineral densities: effects on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and carboxylated osteocalcin 2000 · vitamins K(1)+D(3) · Postmenopausal women about 60 years old with normal or low bone mineral density | 80 mcg | 350 IU | 1 year | — |
| Effect of phylloquinone supplementation on biochemical markers of vitamin K status and bone turnover in postmenopausal women 2007 · 200 microg phylloquinone/d · Postmenopausal women | 200 mcg | 10 mcg | 6 weeks | — |
| Effect of phylloquinone supplementation on biochemical markers of vitamin K status and bone turnover in postmenopausal women 2007 · 500 microg phylloquinone/d · Postmenopausal women | 500 mcg | 10 mcg | 6 weeks | — |
| Effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation for 12 months on the indices of vitamin K status and bone health in adult patients with Crohn's disease 2014 · 1000 μg vitamin K/d plus calcium and vitamin D3 group (main RCT) · Adults with Crohn's disease, currently in remission | 1 mg | 10 mcg | 1 year | 43 |
| The effects of vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD 2016 · vitamin D, vitamin K and calcium supplements · Overweight patients with type 2 diabetes and CHD; age and sex not specified | 180 mcg | 10 mcg | 12 weeks | 33 |
| Reduced bone resorption by intake of dietary vitamin D and K from tailor-made Atlantic salmon: A randomized intervention trial 2016 · HD/HK · Postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years | 23.1 mcg | 16.3 mcg | 12 weeks | 31 |
| Reduced bone resorption by intake of dietary vitamin D and K from tailor-made Atlantic salmon: A randomized intervention trial 2016 · HD/LK · Postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years | 1.37 mcg | 15 mcg | 12 weeks | 31 |
| The Effects of Vitamin D-K-Calcium Co-Supplementation on Endocrine, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial 2016 · vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation group · Vitamin D-deficient women aged 18–40 years with polycystic ovary syndrome | 180 mcg | 400 IU | 8 weeks | 30 |
| Reduced bone resorption by intake of dietary vitamin D and K from tailor-made Atlantic salmon: A randomized intervention trial 2016 · LD/HK · Postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years | 23.1 mcg | 3.86 mcg | 12 weeks | 30 |
| The Effects of Calcium, Vitamins D and K co-Supplementation on Markers of Insulin Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2017 · calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K group · Women aged 18–40 years with vitamin D deficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome | 180 mcg | 400 IU | 8 weeks | 28 |
| Effect of calcium, vitamins K1 and D3 on bone in galactosemia 2006 · calcium, vitamins K1 and D3 supplementation · Children aged 3–17 years with classical galactosemia | 1 mg | 10 mcg | 2 years | — |
| Effect of vitamin K supplementation on insulin resistance in older men and women 2008 · Vitamin K–treated group · Men and postmenopausal women aged 60–80 without diabetes | 500 mcg | 10 mcg | 3 years | — |
| Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) increases plasma adiponectin but does not affect insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial 2021 · MK-7 group · Postmenopausal women; the abstract describes them as healthy | 375 mcg | 38 mcg | 1 year | — |
| Vitamin K2 and D in Patients With Aortic Valve Calcification: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial 2022 · MK-7 plus vitamin D · Elderly men with an aortic valve calcification score >300 AU | 720 mcg | 25 mcg | 2 years | — |
| Effects of vitamin K2 and D3 supplementation on epicardial adipose tissue and systemic inflammation: A substudy of the AVADEC trial 2025 · vitamin K2 and D3 group · Men aged 65–74 at cardiovascular risk | 720 mcg | 25 mcg | 2 years | — |
| Randomised Controlled Trial of Nutritional Supplement on Bone Turnover Markers in Indian Premenopausal Women 2021 · test group · Premenopausal Indian women aged 25–45 years in good general health, with BMI 18–30 kg/m² | 55 mcg | — | 180 days | 57 |
| Nutritional supplementation of hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D₃, and vitamin K₁ produces a favorable bone biomarker profile supporting healthy bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome 2011 · intervention arm · Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome | 1 mg | 1,000 IU | 14 weeks | 25 |
| Hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 favorably impact biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women in a 14-week trial 2010 · treatment arm · Healthy postmenopausal women | 1 mg | 1,000 IU | 14 weeks | 16 |
