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Iron, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C: study protocols

10 study groups took Iron together with Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Iron: what the research found →

Dose per serving from research: Iron

10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 80% of 10 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
5 mg to 10 mg
2
10 mg to 25 mg
0
25 mg to 50 mg
8

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E

10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 60% of 10 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
2.5 mg or less
1
2.5 mg to 5 mg
1
5 mg to 10 mg
6
10 mg to 25 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid

9 study groups in 7 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 67% of 9 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
100 mcg to 250 mcg
1
250 mcg to 500 mcg
6
500 mcg to 1 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B12

9 study groups in 7 studies say how much Vitamin B12 participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 78% of 9 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
0.5 mcg or less
1
0.5 mcg to 1 mcg
1
1 mcg to 2.5 mcg
0
2.5 mcg to 5 mcg
7

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C

10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 80% of 10 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
10 mg or less
1
10 mg to 25 mg
0
25 mg to 50 mg
1
50 mg to 100 mg
8

Commonly used together

10 of 10 study groups took Iron, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.

What was given together, not what works together.

Taken withStudy groups
Vitamin A
10
Copper
9
Iodine
9
Selenium
9
Vitamin B6
9
Vitamin D
9
Zinc
9
Niacin
7
Riboflavin
4

10 study groups

Study
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
30 mg10 mg400 mcg2.6 mcg70 mg——
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
30 mg10 mg400 mcg2.6 mcg70 mg——
Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial
2016 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged at least 20 years, nulliparous, with Hb concentration ≥100 g/L and enrolled before 20 weeks of gestation
30 mg10 mg400 mcg2.6 mcg70 mg——
Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam
2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant
8.57 mg1.43 mg400 mcg0.371 mcg10 mg54 weeks1,469
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
30 mg10 mg400 mcg2.6 mcg70 mg180 days516
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
30 mg10 mg400 mcg2.6 mcg70 mg180 days515
Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial
2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years
30 mg10 mg——70 mg——
Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh
2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh
27 mg15 mg600 mcg2.6 mcg85 mg165 days749
Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh
2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified
27 mg15 mg600 mcg2.6 mcg85 mg—176
Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves micronutrient status in primary school children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam: a randomised controlled trial
2021 · intervention · Children aged 6–9 years, apparently healthy, in rural Hai Phong City, Vietnam; included undernourished, normal-weight, and overweight/obese children
10 mg5 mg150 mcg0.9 mcg30 mg22 weeks175