Iron, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Niacin and Vitamin C: study protocols
12 study groups took Iron together with Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Niacin and Vitamin C. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Iron
12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 58% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 3 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 7 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin D
7 study groups in 4 studies say how much Vitamin D participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 100 IU to 250 IU, 57% of 7 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 IU or less | 1 |
| 100 IU to 250 IU | 4 |
| 250 IU to 500 IU | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E
12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 75% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg or less | 1 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 0 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 9 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Niacin
12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Niacin participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 10 mg to 25 mg, 58% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 1 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 2 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 7 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C
12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 58% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 10 mg or less | 1 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 7 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 2 |
Commonly used together
12 of 12 study groups took Iron, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Niacin and Vitamin C with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 11.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 12 |
| Copper | 11 |
| Iodine | 11 |
| Zinc | 11 |
| Folic Acid | 10 |
| Selenium | 9 |
| Vitamin B12 | 9 |
| Vitamin B6 | 9 |
| Riboflavin | 6 |
| vitamin B1 | 4 |
12 study groups
| Study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impact of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, and perinatal mortality in rural western China: double blind cluster randomised controlled trial 2008 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women resident in disadvantaged rural counties in Shaanxi Province, China; eligible women enrolled before 28 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 5 mcg | 10 mg | 18 mg | 70 mg | — | 1,899 |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 18 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 18 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial 2016 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged at least 20 years, nulliparous, with Hb concentration ≥100 g/L and enrolled before 20 weeks of gestation | 30 mg | 5 mcg | 10 mg | 18 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Effect of micronutrient supplementation on diarrhoeal disease among stunted children in rural South Africa 2009 · multiple micronutrients · children aged 6–24 months; three cohorts: HIV-infected children, HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers, and HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-uninfected mothers | 10 mg | 5 mcg | 6 mg | 6 mg | 35 mg | 548 days | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 8.57 mg | 85.7 IU | 1.43 mg | 2.57 mg | 10 mg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 18 mg | 70 mg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 18 mg | 70 mg | 180 days | 515 |
| Effect on longitudinal growth and anemia of zinc or multiple micronutrients added to vitamin A: a randomized controlled trial in children aged 6-24 months 2010 · Multiple micronutrients · Children enrolled at 6 months and followed to 24 months in rural South Africa; HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, both sexes | 10 mg | 5 mcg | 6 mg | 6 mg | 35 mg | 548 days | 126 |
| Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial 2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years | 30 mg | — | 10 mg | 18 mg | 70 mg | — | — |