Iron, Vitamin D, Copper, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C: study protocols
10 study groups took Iron together with Vitamin D, Copper, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Iron
10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 70% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 3 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 7 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin D
5 study groups in 3 studies say how much Vitamin D participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 100 IU to 250 IU, 80% of 5 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 IU or less | 1 |
| 100 IU to 250 IU | 4 |
Dose per serving from research: Copper
10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Copper participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 50% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 1 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 4 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 5 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B12
9 study groups in 7 studies say how much Vitamin B12 participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 67% of 9 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 0.5 mcg or less | 1 |
| 0.5 mcg to 1 mcg | 2 |
| 1 mcg to 2.5 mcg | 0 |
| 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg | 6 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C
10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 70% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 10 mg or less | 1 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 7 |
Commonly used together
10 of 10 study groups took Iron, Vitamin D, Copper, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Iodine | 10 |
| Vitamin A | 10 |
| Vitamin E | 10 |
| Zinc | 10 |
| Vitamin B6 | 9 |
| Folic Acid | 8 |
| Niacin | 8 |
| Selenium | 8 |
| vitamin B1 | 4 |
| vitamin B2 | 4 |
10 study groups
| Study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 200 IU | 2 mg | 2.6 mcg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 200 IU | 2 mg | 2.6 mcg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Effect of micronutrient supplementation on diarrhoeal disease among stunted children in rural South Africa 2009 · multiple micronutrients · children aged 6–24 months; three cohorts: HIV-infected children, HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers, and HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-uninfected mothers | 10 mg | 5 mcg | 600 mcg | 0.9 mcg | 35 mg | 548 days | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 8.57 mg | 85.7 IU | 286 mcg | 0.371 mcg | 10 mg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 200 IU | 2 mg | 2.6 mcg | 70 mg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 200 IU | 2 mg | 2.6 mcg | 70 mg | 180 days | 515 |
| Effect on longitudinal growth and anemia of zinc or multiple micronutrients added to vitamin A: a randomized controlled trial in children aged 6-24 months 2010 · Multiple micronutrients · Children enrolled at 6 months and followed to 24 months in rural South Africa; HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, both sexes | 10 mg | 5 mcg | 600 mcg | 0.9 mcg | 35 mg | 548 days | 126 |
| Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial 2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years | 30 mg | — | 2 mg | — | 70 mg | — | — |
| Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh 2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh | 27 mg | 5 mcg | 1 mg | 2.6 mcg | 85 mg | 165 days | 749 |
| Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh 2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified | 27 mg | 5 mcg | 1 mg | 2.6 mcg | 85 mg | — | 176 |