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Iron, Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, Selenium and Copper: study protocols

9 study groups took Iron together with Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, Selenium and Copper. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Iron: what the research found →

Dose per serving from research: Iron

9 study groups in 7 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 78% of 9 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
5 mg to 10 mg
2
10 mg to 25 mg
0
25 mg to 50 mg
7

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C

9 study groups in 7 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 78% of 9 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
10 mg or less
1
10 mg to 25 mg
0
25 mg to 50 mg
1
50 mg to 100 mg
7

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B12

8 study groups in 6 studies say how much Vitamin B12 participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 75% of 8 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
0.5 mcg or less
1
0.5 mcg to 1 mcg
1
1 mcg to 2.5 mcg
0
2.5 mcg to 5 mcg
6

Dose per serving from research: Selenium

8 study groups in 6 studies say how much Selenium participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 50 mcg to 100 mcg, 75% of 8 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
10 mcg or less
1
10 mcg to 25 mcg
1
25 mcg to 50 mcg
0
50 mcg to 100 mcg
6

Dose per serving from research: Copper

9 study groups in 7 studies say how much Copper participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 56% of 9 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
250 mcg to 500 mcg
1
500 mcg to 1 mg
3
1 mg to 2.5 mg
5

Commonly used together

9 of 9 study groups took Iron, Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, Selenium and Copper with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.

What was given together, not what works together.

Taken withStudy groups
Folic Acid
9
Iodine
9
Vitamin A
9
Vitamin E
9
Zinc
9
Vitamin B6
8
Vitamin D
8
Niacin
6

9 study groups

Study
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
30 mg70 mg2.6 mcg65 mcg2 mg——
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
30 mg70 mg2.6 mcg65 mcg2 mg——
Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam
2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant
8.57 mg10 mg0.371 mcg9.29 mcg286 mcg54 weeks1,469
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
30 mg70 mg2.6 mcg65 mcg2 mg180 days516
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
30 mg70 mg2.6 mcg65 mcg2 mg180 days515
Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial
2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years
30 mg70 mg——2 mg——
Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh
2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh
27 mg85 mg2.6 mcg60 mcg1 mg165 days749
Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh
2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified
27 mg85 mg2.6 mcg60 mcg1 mg—176
Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves micronutrient status in primary school children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam: a randomised controlled trial
2021 · intervention · Children aged 6–9 years, apparently healthy, in rural Hai Phong City, Vietnam; included undernourished, normal-weight, and overweight/obese children
10 mg30 mg0.9 mcg17 mcg560 mcg22 weeks175