Iron, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin C: study protocols
11 study groups took Iron together with Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin C. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Iron
11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 73% of 11 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 3 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 8 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B12
10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin B12 participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 70% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 0.5 mcg or less | 1 |
| 0.5 mcg to 1 mcg | 2 |
| 1 mcg to 2.5 mcg | 0 |
| 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg | 7 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin D
5 study groups in 5 studies say how much Vitamin D participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 100% of 5 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg | 5 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E
11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 73% of 11 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg or less | 1 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 0 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 8 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C
11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 73% of 11 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 10 mg or less | 1 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 8 |
Commonly used together
11 of 11 study groups took Iron, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin C with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 11.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 11 |
| Copper | 10 |
| Iodine | 10 |
| Vitamin B6 | 10 |
| Zinc | 10 |
| Folic Acid | 9 |
| Niacin | 9 |
| Selenium | 8 |
| Riboflavin | 4 |
| vitamin B1 | 4 |
11 study groups
| Study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 2.6 mcg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 2.6 mcg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial 2016 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged at least 20 years, nulliparous, with Hb concentration ≥100 g/L and enrolled before 20 weeks of gestation | 30 mg | 2.6 mcg | 5 mcg | 10 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Effect of micronutrient supplementation on diarrhoeal disease among stunted children in rural South Africa 2009 · multiple micronutrients · children aged 6–24 months; three cohorts: HIV-infected children, HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers, and HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-uninfected mothers | 10 mg | 0.9 mcg | 5 mcg | 6 mg | 35 mg | 548 days | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 8.57 mg | 0.371 mcg | 85.7 IU | 1.43 mg | 10 mg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 2.6 mcg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 70 mg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 2.6 mcg | 200 IU | 10 mg | 70 mg | 180 days | 515 |
| Effect on longitudinal growth and anemia of zinc or multiple micronutrients added to vitamin A: a randomized controlled trial in children aged 6-24 months 2010 · Multiple micronutrients · Children enrolled at 6 months and followed to 24 months in rural South Africa; HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, both sexes | 10 mg | 0.9 mcg | 5 mcg | 6 mg | 35 mg | 548 days | 126 |
| Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial 2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years | 30 mg | — | — | 10 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh 2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh | 27 mg | 2.6 mcg | 5 mcg | 15 mg | 85 mg | 165 days | 749 |