Iron, Selenium, Vitamin E, Vitamin A and Zinc: study protocols
21 study groups took Iron together with Selenium, Vitamin E, Vitamin A and Zinc. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Iron
21 study groups in 18 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 52% of 21 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 5 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 11 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 3 |
Dose per serving from research: Selenium
20 study groups in 17 studies say how much Selenium participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mcg to 100 mcg, 55% of 20 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg | 2 |
| 5 mcg to 10 mcg | 2 |
| 10 mcg to 25 mcg | 1 |
| 25 mcg to 50 mcg | 1 |
| 50 mcg to 100 mcg | 11 |
| 100 mcg to 250 mcg | 3 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E
21 study groups in 18 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 62% of 21 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 2 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 1 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 13 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 5 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin A
19 study groups in 16 studies say how much Vitamin A participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 500 mcg to 1 mg, 63% of 19 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 mcg to 250 mcg | 4 |
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 1 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 12 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Zinc
21 study groups in 18 studies say how much Zinc participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 10 mg to 25 mg, 62% of 21 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 2 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 0 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 3 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 13 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 3 |
Commonly used together
21 of 21 study groups took Iron, Selenium, Vitamin E, Vitamin A and Zinc with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 13.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Copper | 21 |
| Vitamin C | 21 |
| Iodine | 19 |
| Folic Acid | 18 |
| Vitamin D | 18 |
| Vitamin B12 | 16 |
| Niacin | 15 |
| Vitamin B6 | 15 |
| Riboflavin | 7 |
| vitamin B2 | 7 |
21 study groups
| Study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impact of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, and perinatal mortality in rural western China: double blind cluster randomised controlled trial 2008 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women resident in disadvantaged rural counties in Shaanxi Province, China; eligible women enrolled before 28 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | — | 1,899 |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | — | — |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | — | — |
| Effects of fortified milk on morbidity in young children in north India: community based, randomised, double masked placebo controlled trial 2007 · fortified milk · Children aged 1–3 years in a peri-urban settlement in north India | 9.6 mg | 4.2 mcg | 7.5 mg | 156 mcg | 7.8 mg | 1 year | 316 |
| Effects of multimicronutrient supplementation on helminth reinfection: a randomized, controlled trial in Kenyan schoolchildren 2003 · multimicronutrient supplementation · Schoolchildren in Nyanza Province, Kenya; age and sex not specified | 18 mg | 40 mcg | 8 mg | 1 mg | 20 mg | 335 days | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 8.57 mg | 9.29 mcg | 1.43 mg | 114 mcg | 2.14 mg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on children's weight and size at 2 years of age in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial 2008 · intervention group · Pregnant women enrolled at no earlier than 12 weeks’ gestation, with singleton pregnancies and gestation up to 20 completed weeks | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | — | 600 |
| Effect of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on anthropometry and blood pressure in mid-childhood in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial 2014 · intervention group (multiple micronutrient supplement) · Pregnant women attending antenatal care in Nepal; no specific age range or deficiency criterion stated | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | — | 600 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | 180 days | 515 |
| Micronutrient fortified milk improves iron status, anemia and growth among children 1-4 years: a double masked, randomized, controlled trial 2010 · Micronutrient-fortified milk (MN group) · Children aged 1–4 years in India; many had anemia, iron deficiency, or growth faltering | 9.6 mg | 4.2 mcg | 7.5 mg | 156 mcg | 7.8 mg | 1 year | 316 |
| Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial 2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years | 30 mg | — | 10 mg | — | 15 mg | — | — |
| Impact of Preconception Micronutrient Supplementation on Anemia and Iron Status during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Vietnam 2016 · Multiple micronutrients (MM) · Women aged 18–40 planning pregnancy in rural Vietnam; no specific diagnosed condition required | 8.57 mg | 9.29 mcg | 1.43 mg | 114 mcg | 2.14 mg | 56 weeks | 508 |
| Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh 2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh | 27 mg | 60 mcg | 15 mg | 770 mcg | 12 mg | 165 days | 749 |
| Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh 2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified | 27 mg | 60 mcg | 15 mg | 770 mcg | 12 mg | — | 176 |
| mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status 2017 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia | 60 mg | 130 mcg | 20 mg | 1.6 mg | 30 mg | 184 days | 75 |
| mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status 2017 · PE+MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia | 60 mg | 130 mcg | 20 mg | 1.6 mg | 30 mg | 184 days | 75 |
| Effects of prenatal micronutrient and early food supplementation on metabolic status of the offspring at 4.5 years of age. The MINIMat randomized trial in rural Bangladesh 2016 · MMS · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; offspring assessed at 4.5 years | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | — | 15 mg | — | 439 |
| Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy: an analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi 2015 · MMN · Pregnant women aged 15–49 years in rural Malawi, enrolled at up to 20 weeks of gestation | 20 mg | 130 mcg | 20 mg | 800 mcg | 30 mg | — | 415 |
| Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves micronutrient status in primary school children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam: a randomised controlled trial 2021 · intervention · Children aged 6–9 years, apparently healthy, in rural Hai Phong City, Vietnam; included undernourished, normal-weight, and overweight/obese children | 10 mg | 17 mcg | 5 mg | 400 mcg | 10 mg | 22 weeks | 175 |
| Host iron status and erythropoietic response to iron supplementation determines susceptibility to the RBC stage of falciparum malaria during pregnancy 2017 · Reference (standard-of-care) arm · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years, recruited at 14–22 weeks’ gestation in rural Gambia; healthy at enrolment, with varying anaemia and iron status | 60 mg | 65 mcg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 15 mg | 12 weeks | — |