Iron, Selenium, Vitamin C, Niacin and Folic Acid: study protocols
14 study groups took Iron together with Selenium, Vitamin C, Niacin and Folic Acid. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Iron
14 study groups in 11 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 64% of 14 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 2 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 1 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 9 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Selenium
13 study groups in 10 studies say how much Selenium participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mcg to 100 mcg, 62% of 13 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mcg to 10 mcg | 2 |
| 10 mcg to 25 mcg | 0 |
| 25 mcg to 50 mcg | 0 |
| 50 mcg to 100 mcg | 8 |
| 100 mcg to 250 mcg | 3 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C
14 study groups in 11 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 71% of 14 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 2 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 0 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 10 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Niacin
14 study groups in 11 studies say how much Niacin participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 10 mg to 25 mg, 64% of 14 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 2 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 0 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 9 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 3 |
Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid
13 study groups in 10 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 100% of 13 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 13 |
Commonly used together
14 of 14 study groups took Iron, Selenium, Vitamin C, Niacin and Folic Acid with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 11.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Copper | 14 |
| Iodine | 14 |
| Vitamin A | 14 |
| Vitamin D | 14 |
| Vitamin E | 14 |
| Zinc | 14 |
| Vitamin B12 | 11 |
| Vitamin B6 | 11 |
| Riboflavin | 6 |
| vitamin B2 | 6 |
14 study groups
| Study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impact of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, and perinatal mortality in rural western China: double blind cluster randomised controlled trial 2008 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women resident in disadvantaged rural counties in Shaanxi Province, China; eligible women enrolled before 28 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | — | 1,899 |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | — | — |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | — | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 8.57 mg | 9.29 mcg | 10 mg | 2.57 mg | 400 mcg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on children's weight and size at 2 years of age in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial 2008 · intervention group · Pregnant women enrolled at no earlier than 12 weeks’ gestation, with singleton pregnancies and gestation up to 20 completed weeks | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | — | 600 |
| Effect of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on anthropometry and blood pressure in mid-childhood in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial 2014 · intervention group (multiple micronutrient supplement) · Pregnant women attending antenatal care in Nepal; no specific age range or deficiency criterion stated | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | — | 600 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | 180 days | 515 |
| Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial 2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years | 30 mg | — | 70 mg | 18 mg | — | — | — |
| Impact of Preconception Micronutrient Supplementation on Anemia and Iron Status during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Vietnam 2016 · Multiple micronutrients (MM) · Women aged 18–40 planning pregnancy in rural Vietnam; no specific diagnosed condition required | 8.57 mg | 9.29 mcg | 10 mg | 2.57 mg | 400 mcg | 56 weeks | 508 |
| mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status 2017 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia | 60 mg | 130 mcg | 140 mg | 36 mg | 400 mcg | 184 days | 75 |
| mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status 2017 · PE+MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia | 60 mg | 130 mcg | 140 mg | 36 mg | 400 mcg | 184 days | 75 |
| Effects of prenatal micronutrient and early food supplementation on metabolic status of the offspring at 4.5 years of age. The MINIMat randomized trial in rural Bangladesh 2016 · MMS · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; offspring assessed at 4.5 years | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 70 mg | 18 mg | 400 mcg | — | 439 |
| Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy: an analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi 2015 · MMN · Pregnant women aged 15–49 years in rural Malawi, enrolled at up to 20 weeks of gestation | 20 mg | 130 mcg | 100 mg | 36 mg | 400 mcg | — | 415 |