Iron, Selenium, Copper, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin C: study protocols
15 study groups took Iron together with Selenium, Copper, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin C. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Iron
15 study groups in 13 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 60% of 15 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 3 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 9 |
| over 50 mg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research: Selenium
14 study groups in 12 studies say how much Selenium participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mcg to 100 mcg, 64% of 14 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mcg to 10 mcg | 2 |
| 10 mcg to 25 mcg | 1 |
| 25 mcg to 50 mcg | 1 |
| 50 mcg to 100 mcg | 9 |
| over 100 mcg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research: Copper
15 study groups in 13 studies say how much Copper participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 67% of 15 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 2 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 2 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 10 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B6
15 study groups in 13 studies say how much Vitamin B6 participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 73% of 15 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 3 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 0 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 11 |
| over 2.5 mg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C
15 study groups in 13 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 73% of 15 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 2 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 0 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 11 |
Commonly used together
15 of 15 study groups took Iron, Selenium, Copper, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin C with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 12.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Iodine | 15 |
| Vitamin A | 15 |
| Vitamin B12 | 15 |
| Vitamin E | 15 |
| Zinc | 15 |
| Folic Acid | 14 |
| Vitamin D | 14 |
| Niacin | 12 |
| vitamin B2 | 7 |
| vitamin B1 | 6 |
15 study groups
| Study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Effects of multimicronutrient supplementation on helminth reinfection: a randomized, controlled trial in Kenyan schoolchildren 2003 · multimicronutrient supplementation · Schoolchildren in Nyanza Province, Kenya; age and sex not specified | 18 mg | 40 mcg | 2 mg | 1.7 mg | 50 mg | 335 days | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 8.57 mg | 9.29 mcg | 286 mcg | 271 mcg | 10 mg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on children's weight and size at 2 years of age in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial 2008 · intervention group · Pregnant women enrolled at no earlier than 12 weeks’ gestation, with singleton pregnancies and gestation up to 20 completed weeks | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | — | 600 |
| Effect of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on anthropometry and blood pressure in mid-childhood in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial 2014 · intervention group (multiple micronutrient supplement) · Pregnant women attending antenatal care in Nepal; no specific age range or deficiency criterion stated | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | — | 600 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | 180 days | 515 |
| Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial 2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years | 30 mg | — | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | — | — |
| Impact of Preconception Micronutrient Supplementation on Anemia and Iron Status during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Vietnam 2016 · Multiple micronutrients (MM) · Women aged 18–40 planning pregnancy in rural Vietnam; no specific diagnosed condition required | 8.57 mg | 9.29 mcg | 286 mcg | 271 mcg | 10 mg | 56 weeks | 508 |
| Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh 2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified | 27 mg | 60 mcg | 1 mg | 1.9 mg | 85 mg | — | 176 |
| Effects of prenatal micronutrient and early food supplementation on metabolic status of the offspring at 4.5 years of age. The MINIMat randomized trial in rural Bangladesh 2016 · MMS · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; offspring assessed at 4.5 years | 30 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | — | 439 |
| Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy: an analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi 2015 · MMN · Pregnant women aged 15–49 years in rural Malawi, enrolled at up to 20 weeks of gestation | 20 mg | 130 mcg | 4 mg | 3.8 mg | 100 mg | — | 415 |
| Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves micronutrient status in primary school children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam: a randomised controlled trial 2021 · intervention · Children aged 6–9 years, apparently healthy, in rural Hai Phong City, Vietnam; included undernourished, normal-weight, and overweight/obese children | 10 mg | 17 mcg | 560 mcg | 500 mcg | 30 mg | 22 weeks | 175 |
| Host iron status and erythropoietic response to iron supplementation determines susceptibility to the RBC stage of falciparum malaria during pregnancy 2017 · Reference (standard-of-care) arm · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years, recruited at 14–22 weeks’ gestation in rural Gambia; healthy at enrolment, with varying anaemia and iron status | 60 mg | 65 mcg | 2 mg | 1.9 mg | 70 mg | 12 weeks | — |