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Iron, Folic Acid, Copper, Vitamin A and Vitamin E: study protocols

12 study groups took Iron together with Folic Acid, Copper, Vitamin A and Vitamin E. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Iron: what the research found →

Dose per serving from research: Iron

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Iron participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 25 mg to 50 mg, 67% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
5 mg to 10 mg
2
10 mg to 25 mg
0
25 mg to 50 mg
8
50 mg to 100 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid

11 study groups in 8 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 73% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
250 mcg or less
1
250 mcg to 500 mcg
8
500 mcg to 1 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Copper

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Copper participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 50% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
250 mcg to 500 mcg
1
500 mcg to 1 mg
3
1 mg to 2.5 mg
6
2.5 mg to 5 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin A

11 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin A participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 500 mcg to 1 mg, 64% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
250 mcg or less
1
250 mcg to 500 mcg
1
500 mcg to 1 mg
7
1 mg to 2.5 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 50% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
2.5 mg or less
1
2.5 mg to 5 mg
1
5 mg to 10 mg
6
10 mg to 25 mg
4

Commonly used together

12 of 12 study groups took Iron, Folic Acid, Copper, Vitamin A and Vitamin E with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.

What was given together, not what works together.

Taken withStudy groups
Iodine
12
Selenium
12
Vitamin C
12
Zinc
12
Vitamin D
11
Niacin
9
Vitamin B12
9
Vitamin B6
8
Riboflavin
5
vitamin B-6
4

12 study groups

Study
Impact of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, and perinatal mortality in rural western China: double blind cluster randomised controlled trial
2008 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women resident in disadvantaged rural counties in Shaanxi Province, China; eligible women enrolled before 28 weeks’ gestation
30 mg400 mcg2 mg800 mcg10 mg—1,899
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
30 mg400 mcg2 mg800 mcg10 mg——
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
30 mg400 mcg2 mg800 mcg10 mg——
Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam
2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant
8.57 mg400 mcg286 mcg114 mcg1.43 mg54 weeks1,469
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
30 mg400 mcg2 mg800 mcg10 mg180 days516
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
30 mg400 mcg2 mg800 mcg10 mg180 days515
Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial
2025 · Multiple micronutrients (MMNs; UNIMMAP formulation) · Pregnant women less than 28 weeks of gestation; offspring were followed up at ages 10–14 years
30 mg—2 mg—10 mg——
Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh
2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh
27 mg600 mcg1 mg770 mcg15 mg165 days749
Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh
2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified
27 mg600 mcg1 mg770 mcg15 mg—176
mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status
2017 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia
60 mg400 mcg4 mg1.6 mg20 mg184 days75