| Immunological and metabolic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid in subjects with birch pollen allergy 2008 · CLA group · Adults aged 20–46 years with diagnosed birch pollen allergy | 2 g | 12 weeks | 20 |
| The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjects 2003 · low dosage CLA group · Overweight men and women after weight loss; mean age 37.8 years (SD 7.7) | 1.8 g | 13 weeks | — |
| Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and high oleic acid safflower oil in the treatment of children with HPV-induced laryngeal papillomatosis: a randomized, double-blinded and crossover preliminary study 2012 · CLA (Clarinol™ G-80) · Children aged 4–12 years, both sexes, with HPV-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis | 2.5 mL | 8 weeks | 8 |
| Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humans 2005 · All subjects · Healthy, overweight adults | 3.4 g | 1 year | 134 |
| The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on the nutritional status of COPD patients 2016 · supplementation group · Men aged 40–80 with COPD | 3.2 g | 6 weeks | 45 |
| Body Fat Changes and Liver Safety in Obese and Overweight Women Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A 12-Week Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial 2020 · CLA group · Women over 18 years with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) | 3 g | 12 weeks | 37 |
| Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on weight loss and body fat composition in a Chinese population 2012 · CLA group · Overweight and grade I obese Chinese adults with BMI 24–35 kg/m² | 3.4 g | 12 weeks | 30 |
| The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Serum Insulin and Leptin in Obese Adults 2019 · CLA intervention group · Adults with class I obesity; ages and sex not specified | 3 g | 90 days | 27 |
| Effects of a dietary intervention with conjugated linoleic acid on immunological and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with allergic asthma--a placebo-controlled pilot trial 2016 · CLA · Children and adolescents aged 6–18 years with diagnosed mild-to-moderate allergic bronchial asthma | 3 g | 12 weeks | 15 |
| Microencapsulated conjugated linoleic acid associated with hypocaloric diet reduces body fat in sedentary women with metabolic syndrome 2012 · microencapsulated CLA group · Sedentary women aged 30–50 with metabolic syndrome and obesity | 3 g | 90 days | 7 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans--metabolic effects 2001 · CLA group · Healthy men and women aged 23–63 years | 4.2 g | 12 weeks | — |
| The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjects 2003 · high dosage CLA group · Overweight men and women after weight loss; mean age 37.8 years (SD 7.7) | 3.6 g | 13 weeks | — |
| The role of conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat and preventing holiday weight gain 2007 · CLA · Healthy overweight adults aged 18–44 years with BMI 25–30 kg/m² | 3.2 g | 26 weeks | — |
| Cumulative effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on endurance development, body composition, serum leptin and insulin levels 2006 · CLA · Healthy young women | 3.6 g | 6 weeks | — |
| Cumulative effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on endurance development, body composition, serum leptin and insulin levels 2006 · ExCLA · Healthy young women assigned to CLA supplementation and aerobic exercise | 3.6 g | 6 weeks | — |
| Daily intake of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched yoghurts: effects on energy metabolism and adipose tissue gene expression in healthy subjects 2007 · CLA-supplemented yoghurt-like product · Healthy subjects; age and sex not stated | 3.76 g | 14 weeks | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid versus high-oleic acid sunflower oil: effects on energy metabolism, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, appetite and body composition in regularly exercising individuals 2007 · conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) · Non-obese, normal-weight, regularly exercising men and women | 3.9 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on body composition and metabolic syndrome components 2007 · CLA-milk group · Healthy men and women aged 35–65 with signs of metabolic syndrome and BMI 25–35 kg/m² | 3 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Effect of conjugated linoleic acids, vitamin E and their combination on the clinical outcome of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis 2009 · group C · Adults with active rheumatoid arthritis | 2.5 g | 90 days | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid improves airway hyper-reactivity in overweight mild asthmatics 2010 · CLA group · Adults aged 19–40 with mild asthma; on average overweight | 4.5 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on weight control and body composition in healthy overweight people 2013 · CLA group · Adults aged 30–55 years, women and men, healthy and overweight (BMI ≥27 and <30 kg/m²) | 3 g | 24 weeks | — |
| Twelve weeks CLA supplementation decreases the hip circumference in overweight and obese women. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial 2016 · CLA group · Overweight and obese adult women, BMI 28–42 kg/m² | 3 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E and their combination on lipid profiles and blood pressure of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis 2008 · group C (CLAs) · Adults aged 19–69 with active rheumatoid arthritis | 2 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid therapy for pregnancy-induced hypertension 2005 · calcium-CLA study group · Pregnant healthy primigravidas younger than 19 years or older than 35 years, with a family history of pre-eclampsia and diastolic notch; at high risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension | 450 mg | — | 24 |
| CLA supplementation and aerobic exercise lower blood triacylglycerol, but have no effect on peak oxygen uptake or cardiorespiratory fatigue thresholds 2014 · CLA group · Men, mean age 21.5 years, untrained to moderately trained | 5.63 g | 6 weeks | 18 |
| The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, t10c12-CLA, is inversely associated with changes in body weight and serum leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2003 · CLA-mix · Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus; age and sex not specified | 8 g | 8 weeks | 12 |
| The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training 2006 · CLA group · Subjects undertaking resistance training; age, sex, and health condition not specified | 5 g | 7 weeks | — |
| Six months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid induces regional-specific fat mass decreases in overweight and obese 2007 · CLA group · Healthy overweight and obese adults with BMI 28–32 kg/m² | 12 g | 26 weeks | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for twelve weeks increases lean body mass in obese humans 2007 · 6.4 g/d CLA · Obese adults; 13 males and 35 females were randomized across all groups | 6.4 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acids reduce body fat in healthy postmenopausal women 2009 · CLA-mix · Healthy postmenopausal women | 5.5 g | 16 weeks | — |
| Comparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2009 · CLA · Obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 g | 16 weeks | — |
| Effect of conjugated linoleic acids, vitamin E and their combination on the clinical outcome of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis 2009 · group CE · Adults with active rheumatoid arthritis | 2.5 g | 90 days | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation enhances antihypertensive effect of ramipril in Chinese patients with obesity-related hypertension 2009 · group 1 · Obese adults with stage 1 uncontrolled essential hypertension | 4.5 g | 8 weeks | — |
| Effect of a conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acid mixture on body composition and adiponectin 2008 · CLA plus n-3 LC-PUFA · Young and older men, ages about 31 and 57 years, both lean and obese | 3 g | 12 weeks | 59 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid combined with creatine monohydrate and whey protein supplementation during strength training 2009 · CCP · Men and women, mean age 22.5 years, undergoing strength training | 6 g | 5 weeks | 22 |
| Effect of a high intake of conjugated linoleic acid on lipoprotein levels in healthy human subjects 2010 · CLA diet · Apparently healthy adults aged 18–65 years, men and women | 26.8 g | 3 weeks | 61 |
| Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate 2017 · Trial 2: oral Na15NO2− plus cLA · Healthy adults aged 18–60 years with normal blood pressure; five Trial 1 participants returned for Trial 2 | 3 g | 1 day | 5 |
| Metabolism of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in humans 2013 · 1.6 g/day c9,t11CLA · healthy volunteers | 1.6 g | 60 days | — |
| Evaluation of the antiobesity effects of an amino acid mixture and conjugated linoleic acid on exercising healthy overweight humans: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 2010 · Amino acid mixture 1.52 g/day coadministered with conjugated linoleic acid 1.6 g/day · Healthy overweight humans (BMI ≥23 to <30 kg/m²); age and sex not specified | 1.6 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on immune function in healthy men 2003 · CLA 50:50 · Healthy men aged 31–69 years | 1.7 g | 12 weeks | 24 |
| Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on immune function in healthy men 2003 · CLA 80:20 · Healthy men aged 31–69 years | 1.6 g | 12 weeks | 22 |
| Maternal supplementation with CLA decreases milk fat in humans 2002 · CLA treatment period · Breastfeeding women | 1.5 g | 5 days | 9 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans 2000 · 1.7 g conjugated linoleic acid group · Overweight or obese volunteers with BMI 25–35 kg/m² | 1.7 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans 2001 · CLA group · Healthy exercising adults with normal body weight and BMI less than 25.0 kg/m2; age and sex not reported | 1.8 g | 12 weeks | — |
| CLA Has a Useful Effect on Bone Markers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis 2016 · Group I · Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis; age and sex not reported | 2 g | — | — |
| Consumption of Goat Cheese Naturally Rich in Omega-3 and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Improves the Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial 2020 · experimental group (EG) · Overweight and obese adults aged 18–65 years with BMI 27 to under 40 and at least two atherogenic risk factors | 60 g | 12 weeks | 28 |
| Effects of specific CLA isomers on plasma fatty acid profile and expression of desaturases in humans 2005 · c9,t11 CLA group · Healthy overweight men and women; age range not reported | 3 g | 18 weeks | 9 |
| Effects of specific CLA isomers on plasma fatty acid profile and expression of desaturases in humans 2005 · t10,c12 CLA group · Healthy overweight men and women; age range not reported | 3 g | 18 weeks | 9 |
| Metabolism of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in humans 2013 · 0.8 g/day c9,t11CLA · healthy volunteers | 800 mg | 60 days | — |
| Metabolism of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in humans 2013 · 3.2 g/day c9,t11CLA · healthy volunteers | 3.2 g | 60 days | — |
| [Metabolic syndrome reversion by polyunsaturated fatty acids ingestion] 2013 · CLA group · Adults with metabolic syndrome | 2 g | 6 weeks | 15 |
| Isomer-specific effects of CLA on gene expression in human adipose tissue depending on PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphism: a double blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study 2009 · cis-9,trans-11 CLA · Men aged 45–68 years, including PPARγ2 Ala12Ala and BMI-matched Pro12Pro homozygotes, without diagnosed diabetes or the listed metabolic or gastrointestinal diseases | 3.4 g | 4 weeks | 38 |
| Isomer-specific effects of CLA on gene expression in human adipose tissue depending on PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphism: a double blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study 2009 · trans-10, cis-12 CLA · Men aged 45–68 years, including PPARγ2 Ala12Ala and BMI-matched Pro12Pro homozygotes, without diagnosed diabetes or the listed metabolic or gastrointestinal diseases | 3.4 g | 4 weeks | 38 |
| Isomer-specific effects of CLA on gene expression in human adipose tissue depending on PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphism: a double blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study 2009 · CLA MIX (mixture of c9t11 and t10c12 CLA) · Men aged 45–68 years, including PPARγ2 Ala12Ala and BMI-matched Pro12Pro homozygotes, without diagnosed diabetes or the listed metabolic or gastrointestinal diseases | 3.4 g | 4 weeks | 38 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid supplements preserve muscle in high-body-fat adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo trial 2020 · CLA group · Chinese adults aged 18–45 with elevated body fat percentage; both sexes | 3.2 g | 12 weeks | 33 |
| Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese children 2010 · CLA group · Prepubertal children aged 6–10 years who were overweight or obese but otherwise healthy | 3 g | 30 weeks | 28 |
| Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinase enzymes in rectal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy 2013 · CLA group · Patients with rectal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy; age and sex not specified | 3 g | 6 weeks | 16 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial 2001 · CLA group · Men aged 39–64 with abdominal obesity and signs of metabolic syndrome | 4.2 g | 4 weeks | 14 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid improves insulin sensitivity in young, sedentary humans 2004 · CLA group · Young, sedentary individuals; mean age 21.5 years; no diagnosed condition reported | 4 g | 8 weeks | 10 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in humans 2000 · CLA-treated group · healthy human subjects; age and sex not reported | 4.2 g | 90 days | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans 2000 · 3.4 g conjugated linoleic acid group · Overweight or obese volunteers with BMI 25–35 kg/m² | 3.4 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome 2002 · CLA (isomer mixture) · Abdominally obese men with signs of the metabolic syndrome | 3.4 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Supplementation with trans10cis12-conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperproinsulinaemia in obese men: close association with impaired insulin sensitivity 2004 · t10c12CLA · non-diabetic abdominally obese men | 3.4 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men 2004 · c9,t11 CLA · Abdominally obese men at high risk for cardiovascular disease | 3 g | 90 days | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2004 · CLA · Adults with stable, diet-controlled type 2 diabetes | 3 g | 8 weeks | — |
| Effect of CLA supplementation on immune function in young healthy volunteers 2005 · CLA treatment group · Healthy male and female volunteers aged 25–50 years | 3 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid increased C-reactive protein in human subjects 2005 · CLA mixture · Human subjects; age, sex, and health condition not specified | 4.2 g | 90 days | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation alters the 6-mo change in fat oxidation during sleep 2007 · CLA group · Overweight adults | 4 g | 26 weeks | — |
| Comparison of postprandial oleic acid, 9c,11t CLA and 10t,12c CLA oxidation in healthy moderately overweight subjects 2010 · 9c,11t-CLA · Healthy moderately overweight volunteers; age and sex not reported | 3 g | 24 weeks | — |
| Comparison of postprandial oleic acid, 9c,11t CLA and 10t,12c CLA oxidation in healthy moderately overweight subjects 2010 · 10t,12c-CLA · Healthy moderately overweight volunteers; age and sex not reported | 3 g | 24 weeks | — |
| CLA does not impair endothelial function and decreases body weight as compared with safflower oil in overweight and obese male subjects 2011 · CLA isomeric mixture · Overweight and obese men aged 45–68 years with BMI 25–35 kg/m² | 4.5 g | 4 weeks | — |
| Effect of supplementation with an 80:20 cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid blend on the human platelet proteome 2012 · cis9,trans11 CLA-enriched oil · Overweight, apparently healthy adults | 4 g | 90 days | — |
| Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness 2022 · CLA · Participants in a 12-week trial; age, sex, and health condition not specified | 3.2 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Safety of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in a 12-weeks trial in healthy overweight Japanese male volunteers 2007 · 5.4 g CLA-triacylglycerol group · Healthy overweight Japanese men, BMI approximately 25–35 kg/m² | 3.4 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Anti-inflammatory effects of conjugated linoleic acid on young athletic males 2016 · intervention group · Healthy male athletes aged 18–24 years | 5.6 g | 2 weeks | 13 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans 2000 · 5.1 g conjugated linoleic acid group · Overweight or obese volunteers with BMI 25–35 kg/m² | 5.1 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans 2000 · 6.8 g conjugated linoleic acid group · Overweight or obese volunteers with BMI 25–35 kg/m² | 6.8 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E and their combination on lipid profiles and blood pressure of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis 2008 · group CE (CLAs and vitamin E) · Adults aged 19–69 with active rheumatoid arthritis | 2 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Safety of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in a 12-weeks trial in healthy overweight Japanese male volunteers 2007 · 10.8 g CLA-triacylglycerol group · Healthy overweight Japanese men, BMI approximately 25–35 kg/m² | 6.8 g | 12 weeks | — |
| Conjugated linoleic acid improves glycemic response, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial 2016 · Intervention group · Adults aged 20–50 years with obesity (BMI 30–40 kg/m²) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, taking vitamin E as routine treatment | 3 g | 8 weeks | 19 |
| Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate 2017 · Trial 2: oral Na15NO3− plus cLA · Healthy adults aged 18–60 years with normal blood pressure; five Trial 1 participants returned for Trial 2 | 3 g | 1 day | 5 |
| A Three-Month Consumption of Eggs Enriched with ω-3, ω-5 and ω-7 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Significantly Decreases the Waist Circumference of Subjects at Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial 2021 · test group · Adults aged 35–75 at risk of metabolic syndrome, with elevated waist circumference and low physical activity; women and men | 1.19 g | 90 days | 12 |
| Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for twelve weeks increases lean body mass in obese humans 2007 · 3.2 g/d CLA · Obese adults; 13 males and 35 females were randomized across all groups | 3.2 g | 12 weeks | — |
