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Folic Acid, Zinc, Vitamin E, Copper and Vitamin B12: study protocols

11 study groups took Folic Acid together with Zinc, Vitamin E, Copper and Vitamin B12. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Folic Acid: what the research found →

Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid

11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 64% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
50 mcg or less
1
50 mcg to 100 mcg
0
100 mcg to 250 mcg
1
250 mcg to 500 mcg
7
500 mcg to 1 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Zinc

11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Zinc participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 10 mg to 25 mg, 64% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
5 mg or less
1
5 mg to 10 mg
2
10 mg to 25 mg
7
over 25 mg
1

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E

11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 55% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
2.5 mg or less
1
2.5 mg to 5 mg
1
5 mg to 10 mg
6
10 mg to 25 mg
3

Dose per serving from research: Copper

11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Copper participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 55% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
250 mcg to 500 mcg
1
500 mcg to 1 mg
4
1 mg to 2.5 mg
6

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B12

11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin B12 participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 73% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
0.5 mcg or less
1
0.5 mcg to 1 mcg
1
1 mcg to 2.5 mcg
1
2.5 mcg to 5 mcg
8

Commonly used together

11 of 11 study groups took Folic Acid, Zinc, Vitamin E, Copper and Vitamin B12 with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.

What was given together, not what works together.

Taken withStudy groups
Vitamin A
11
Iodine
10
Iron
10
Selenium
10
Vitamin B6
10
Vitamin C
10
Vitamin D
10
Niacin
9
Riboflavin
6
Thiamine
4

11 study groups

Study
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg15 mg10 mg2 mg2.6 mcg——
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg15 mg10 mg2 mg2.6 mcg——
Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal
2003 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women in rural Nepal
400 mcg30 mg10 mg2 mg2.6 mcg——
Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam
2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant
400 mcg2.14 mg1.43 mg286 mcg0.371 mcg54 weeks1,469
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg15 mg10 mg2 mg2.6 mcg180 days516
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg15 mg10 mg2 mg2.6 mcg180 days515
Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh
2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh
600 mcg12 mg15 mg1 mg2.6 mcg165 days749
Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh
2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified
600 mcg12 mg15 mg1 mg2.6 mcg—176
Daily supplementation of a multiple micronutrient powder improves folate but not thiamine, riboflavin, or vitamin B(12) status among young Laotian children: a randomized controlled trial
2022 · micronutrient powder group (MNP) · Children aged 6–23 months in rural Lao PDR; no disease-based selection, with high prevalence of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies
150 mcg10 mg5 mg560 mcg0.9 mcg36 weeks130
Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves vitamin B₁₂ and folate concentrations of HIV infected children in Uganda: a randomized controlled trial
2011 · Multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) · HIV-infected children aged 1–5 years
40 mcg10 mg14 mg800 mcg2.4 mcg26 weeks104