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Folic Acid, Vitamin D, Selenium, Vitamin A and Iodine: study protocols

12 study groups took Folic Acid together with Vitamin D, Selenium, Vitamin A and Iodine. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Folic Acid: what the research found →

Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 75% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
100 mcg or less
1
100 mcg to 250 mcg
0
250 mcg to 500 mcg
9
500 mcg to 1 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin D

8 study groups in 5 studies say how much Vitamin D participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 100 IU to 250 IU, 50% of 8 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
100 IU or less
1
100 IU to 250 IU
4
250 IU to 500 IU
3

Dose per serving from research: Selenium

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Selenium participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 50 mcg to 100 mcg, 75% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
25 mcg or less
1
25 mcg to 50 mcg
0
50 mcg to 100 mcg
9
100 mcg to 250 mcg
2

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin A

11 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin A participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 500 mcg to 1 mg, 73% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
250 mcg or less
1
250 mcg to 500 mcg
0
500 mcg to 1 mg
8
1 mg to 2.5 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Iodine

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Iodine participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 100 mcg to 250 mcg, 75% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
50 mcg or less
1
50 mcg to 100 mcg
0
100 mcg to 250 mcg
9
250 mcg to 500 mcg
2

Commonly used together

12 of 12 study groups took Folic Acid, Vitamin D, Selenium, Vitamin A and Iodine with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.

What was given together, not what works together.

Taken withStudy groups
Copper
12
Vitamin C
12
Vitamin E
12
Zinc
12
Iron
11
Niacin
10
Vitamin B12
9
Vitamin B6
8
Riboflavin
6
vitamin B-6
4

12 study groups

Study
Impact of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, and perinatal mortality in rural western China: double blind cluster randomised controlled trial
2008 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women resident in disadvantaged rural counties in Shaanxi Province, China; eligible women enrolled before 28 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg5 mcg65 mcg800 mcg150 mcg—1,899
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg200 IU65 mcg800 mcg150 mcg——
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg200 IU65 mcg800 mcg150 mcg——
Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam
2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant
400 mcg85.7 IU9.29 mcg114 mcg21.4 mcg54 weeks1,469
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg200 IU65 mcg800 mcg150 mcg180 days516
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg200 IU65 mcg800 mcg150 mcg180 days515
Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh
2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh
600 mcg5 mcg60 mcg770 mcg220 mcg165 days749
Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh
2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified
600 mcg5 mcg60 mcg770 mcg220 mcg—176
Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves vitamin B₁₂ and folate concentrations of HIV infected children in Uganda: a randomized controlled trial
2011 · Multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) · HIV-infected children aged 1–5 years
40 mcg400 IU60 mcg800 mcg180 mcg26 weeks104
mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status
2017 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia
400 mcg400 IU130 mcg1.6 mg300 mcg184 days75