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Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin A and Vitamin B12: study protocols

12 study groups took Folic Acid together with Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin A and Vitamin B12. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Folic Acid: what the research found →

Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid

12 study groups in 10 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 67% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
100 mcg or less
1
100 mcg to 250 mcg
0
250 mcg to 500 mcg
8
500 mcg to 1 mg
3

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C

11 study groups in 9 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 73% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
25 mg or less
1
25 mg to 50 mg
1
50 mg to 100 mg
8
100 mg to 250 mg
0
250 mg to 500 mg
1

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E

12 study groups in 10 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 58% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
5 mg or less
1
5 mg to 10 mg
7
10 mg to 25 mg
3
over 25 mg
1

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin A

10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin A participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 500 mcg to 1 mg, 90% of 10 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
250 mcg or less
1
250 mcg to 500 mcg
0
500 mcg to 1 mg
9

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B12

12 study groups in 10 studies say how much Vitamin B12 participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 75% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
1 mcg or less
1
1 mcg to 2.5 mcg
1
2.5 mcg to 5 mcg
9
5 mcg to 10 mcg
0
10 mcg to 25 mcg
0
over 25 mcg
1

Commonly used together

12 of 12 study groups took Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin A and Vitamin B12 with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.

What was given together, not what works together.

Taken withStudy groups
Vitamin B6
11
Vitamin D
11
Copper
10
Iron
10
Zinc
10
Iodine
9
Niacin
9
Selenium
9
Riboflavin
7
Thiamine
5

12 study groups

Study
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg70 mg10 mg800 mcg2.6 mcg——
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg70 mg10 mg800 mcg2.6 mcg——
Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial
2016 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged at least 20 years, nulliparous, with Hb concentration ≥100 g/L and enrolled before 20 weeks of gestation
400 mcg70 mg10 mg800 mcg2.6 mcg——
Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal
2003 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women in rural Nepal
400 mcg100 mg10 mg1 mg2.6 mcg——
Multivitamin supplementation of HIV-positive women during pregnancy reduces hypertension
2005 · Multivitamin plus vitamin A · HIV-positive pregnant Tanzanian women
800 mcg500 mg30 mg5,000 IU50 mcg——
Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam
2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant
400 mcg10 mg1.43 mg114 mcg0.371 mcg54 weeks1,469
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg70 mg10 mg800 mcg2.6 mcg180 days516
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg70 mg10 mg800 mcg2.6 mcg180 days515
Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh
2019 · MM · Pregnant women aged 12–45 years in rural Bangladesh
600 mcg85 mg15 mg770 mcg2.6 mcg165 days749
Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh
2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified
600 mcg85 mg15 mg770 mcg2.6 mcg—176