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Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Niacin and Vitamin D: study protocols

12 study groups took Folic Acid together with Vitamin C, Niacin and Vitamin D. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Folic Acid: what the research found →

Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 92% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
100 mcg or less
1
100 mcg to 250 mcg
0
250 mcg to 500 mcg
11

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C

11 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 64% of 11 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
25 mg or less
1
25 mg to 50 mg
1
50 mg to 100 mg
7
100 mg to 250 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Niacin

12 study groups in 9 studies say how much Niacin participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 10 mg to 25 mg, 75% of 12 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
5 mg or less
1
5 mg to 10 mg
0
10 mg to 25 mg
9
25 mg to 50 mg
2

Dose per serving from research: Vitamin D

8 study groups in 5 studies say how much Vitamin D participants took a day.

These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.

Most common: 100 IU to 250 IU, 50% of 8 study groups.

Daily doseStudy groups
100 IU or less
1
100 IU to 250 IU
4
250 IU to 500 IU
3

Commonly used together

12 of 12 study groups took Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Niacin and Vitamin D with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 11.

What was given together, not what works together.

Taken withStudy groups
Vitamin A
12
Vitamin E
12
Copper
11
Iron
11
Zinc
11
Iodine
10
Selenium
10
Vitamin B12
9
Vitamin B6
9
Riboflavin
8

12 study groups

Study
Impact of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, and perinatal mortality in rural western China: double blind cluster randomised controlled trial
2008 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women resident in disadvantaged rural counties in Shaanxi Province, China; eligible women enrolled before 28 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg70 mg18 mg5 mcg—1,899
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg70 mg18 mg200 IU——
Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh
2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation
400 mcg70 mg18 mg200 IU——
Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial
2016 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged at least 20 years, nulliparous, with Hb concentration ≥100 g/L and enrolled before 20 weeks of gestation
400 mcg70 mg18 mg5 mcg——
Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal
2003 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women in rural Nepal
400 mcg100 mg20 mg10 mcg——
Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam
2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant
400 mcg10 mg2.57 mg85.7 IU54 weeks1,469
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg70 mg18 mg200 IU180 days516
Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia
2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy
400 mcg70 mg18 mg200 IU180 days515
Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves vitamin B₁₂ and folate concentrations of HIV infected children in Uganda: a randomized controlled trial
2011 · Multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) · HIV-infected children aged 1–5 years
40 mcg50 mg16 mg400 IU26 weeks104
mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status
2017 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia
400 mcg140 mg36 mg400 IU184 days75