Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin E and Vitamin A: study protocols
12 study groups took Folic Acid together with Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin E and Vitamin A. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid
12 study groups in 10 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 67% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 mcg or less | 1 |
| 100 mcg to 250 mcg | 1 |
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 8 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B12
12 study groups in 10 studies say how much Vitamin B12 participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg, 67% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 0.5 mcg or less | 1 |
| 0.5 mcg to 1 mcg | 1 |
| 1 mcg to 2.5 mcg | 1 |
| 2.5 mcg to 5 mcg | 8 |
| 5 mcg to 10 mcg | 0 |
| 10 mcg to 25 mcg | 0 |
| over 25 mcg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin B6
12 study groups in 10 studies say how much Vitamin B6 participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 75% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 2 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 0 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 9 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 0 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 0 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E
12 study groups in 10 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 58% of 12 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 2.5 mg or less | 1 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 1 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 7 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2 |
| over 25 mg | 1 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin A
10 study groups in 8 studies say how much Vitamin A participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 500 mcg to 1 mg, 80% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 100 mcg to 250 mcg | 1 |
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 1 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 8 |
Commonly used together
12 of 12 study groups took Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin E and Vitamin A with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Vitamin C | 11 |
| Copper | 10 |
| Iron | 10 |
| Niacin | 10 |
| Vitamin D | 10 |
| Zinc | 10 |
| Iodine | 9 |
| Selenium | 9 |
| Riboflavin | 8 |
| Thiamine | 6 |
12 study groups
| Study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · EMMS (early food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 400 mcg | 2.6 mcg | 1.9 mg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | — | — |
| Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh 2014 · UMMS (usual food invitation; multiple micronutrients) · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, enrolled before 14 weeks’ gestation | 400 mcg | 2.6 mcg | 1.9 mg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | — | — |
| Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial 2016 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged at least 20 years, nulliparous, with Hb concentration ≥100 g/L and enrolled before 20 weeks of gestation | 400 mcg | 2.6 mcg | 1.9 mg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | — | — |
| Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal 2003 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women in rural Nepal | 400 mcg | 2.6 mcg | 2.2 mg | 10 mg | 1 mg | — | — |
| Multivitamin supplementation of HIV-positive women during pregnancy reduces hypertension 2005 · Multivitamin plus vitamin A · HIV-positive pregnant Tanzanian women | 800 mcg | 50 mcg | 25 mg | 30 mg | 5,000 IU | — | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 400 mcg | 0.371 mcg | 271 mcg | 1.43 mg | 114 mcg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 400 mcg | 2.6 mcg | 1.9 mg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 400 mcg | 2.6 mcg | 1.9 mg | 10 mg | 800 mcg | 180 days | 515 |
| Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh 2020 · MM · Pregnant women in rural Bangladesh; age range not specified; no disease condition specified | 600 mcg | 2.6 mcg | 1.9 mg | 15 mg | 770 mcg | — | 176 |
| Daily supplementation of a multiple micronutrient powder improves folate but not thiamine, riboflavin, or vitamin B(12) status among young Laotian children: a randomized controlled trial 2022 · micronutrient powder group (MNP) · Children aged 6–23 months in rural Lao PDR; no disease-based selection, with high prevalence of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies | 150 mcg | 0.9 mcg | 500 mcg | 5 mg | 400 mcg | 36 weeks | 130 |