Folic Acid, Riboflavin, Vitamin C and Vitamin E: study protocols
10 study groups took Folic Acid together with Riboflavin, Vitamin C and Vitamin E. These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Dose per serving from research: Folic Acid
10 study groups in 7 studies say how much Folic Acid participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 250 mcg to 500 mcg, 80% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 250 mcg to 500 mcg | 8 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Riboflavin
10 study groups in 7 studies say how much Riboflavin participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 50% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 500 mcg or less | 1 |
| 500 mcg to 1 mg | 0 |
| 1 mg to 2.5 mg | 5 |
| 2.5 mg to 5 mg | 2 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 0 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin C
9 study groups in 6 studies say how much Vitamin C participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 50 mg to 100 mg, 44% of 9 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 25 mg or less | 1 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 0 |
| 50 mg to 100 mg | 4 |
| 100 mg to 250 mg | 2 |
| 250 mg to 500 mg | 2 |
Dose per serving from research: Vitamin E
10 study groups in 7 studies say how much Vitamin E participants took a day.
These are the doses the studies gave. They are not a recommendation.
Most common: 5 mg to 10 mg, 50% of 10 study groups.
| Daily dose | Study groups |
|---|---|
| 5 mg or less | 1 |
| 5 mg to 10 mg | 5 |
| 10 mg to 25 mg | 2 |
| 25 mg to 50 mg | 2 |
Commonly used together
10 of 10 study groups took Folic Acid, Riboflavin, Vitamin C and Vitamin E with something else. Shown: what 3 or more different studies gave. The 10 most common of 11.
What was given together, not what works together.
| Taken with | Study groups |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 9 |
| Iron | 8 |
| Niacin | 8 |
| Vitamin B12 | 8 |
| Vitamin B6 | 8 |
| Vitamin D | 8 |
| Copper | 7 |
| Zinc | 7 |
| Iodine | 6 |
| Selenium | 6 |
10 study groups
| Study | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial 2016 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged at least 20 years, nulliparous, with Hb concentration ≥100 g/L and enrolled before 20 weeks of gestation | 400 mcg | 1.4 mg | 70 mg | 10 mg | — | — |
| Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal 2003 · Multiple micronutrients · Pregnant women in rural Nepal | 400 mcg | 1.8 mg | 100 mg | 10 mg | — | — |
| Multivitamin supplementation of HIV-positive women during pregnancy reduces hypertension 2005 · Multivitamin plus vitamin A · HIV-positive pregnant Tanzanian women | 800 mcg | 20 mg | 500 mg | 30 mg | — | — |
| Multivitamin supplementation of HIV-positive women during pregnancy reduces hypertension 2005 · Multivitamin without vitamin A · HIV-positive pregnant Tanzanian women | 800 mcg | 20 mg | 500 mg | 30 mg | — | — |
| Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam 2017 · MM (multiple micronutrients) preconception group · Women of reproductive age in Vietnam intending to become pregnant | 400 mcg | 200 mcg | 10 mg | 1.43 mg | 54 weeks | 1,469 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-180 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 400 mcg | 1.4 mg | 70 mg | 10 mg | 180 days | 516 |
| Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia 2025 · MMS-90 · Healthy pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years, in the first 14 weeks of a low-risk singleton pregnancy | 400 mcg | 1.4 mg | 70 mg | 10 mg | 180 days | 515 |
| mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status 2017 · MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia | 400 mcg | 2.8 mg | 140 mg | 20 mg | 184 days | 75 |
| mRNA Levels of Placental Iron and Zinc Transporter Genes Are Upregulated in Gambian Women with Low Iron and Zinc Status 2017 · PE+MMN group · Pregnant women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies under 20 weeks in rural Gambia | 400 mcg | 2.8 mg | 140 mg | 20 mg | 184 days | 75 |
| A novel nutritional supplement to reduce plasma homocysteine in nonpregnant women: A randomised controlled trial in The Gambia 2019 · UNIMMAP tablet · Nonpregnant, non-lactating healthy women aged 18–45 years in West Kiang, The Gambia; women of reproductive age with common micronutrient deficiencies in the population | 400 mcg | 1.4 mg | — | 10 mg | 12 weeks | 105 |